JP2020128433A - Lfa−1阻害剤およびその多形 - Google Patents
Lfa−1阻害剤およびその多形 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2020128433A JP2020128433A JP2020096854A JP2020096854A JP2020128433A JP 2020128433 A JP2020128433 A JP 2020128433A JP 2020096854 A JP2020096854 A JP 2020096854A JP 2020096854 A JP2020096854 A JP 2020096854A JP 2020128433 A JP2020128433 A JP 2020128433A
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D407/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D405/00
- C07D407/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D405/00 containing two hetero rings
- C07D407/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D405/00 containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing only aliphatic carbon atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D405/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D405/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings
- C07D405/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing only aliphatic carbon atoms
-
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Abstract
Description
本発明の新規な特徴は、添付の請求項に詳細に記載する。本発明のこれらの特徴および利点は、本発明の原理を利用する例示的な実施形態を記載している下記の詳細な説明および添付の図面を参照することにより、より良好に理解されるであろう。
別段に定義されていない限り、本明細書で使用される全ての技術用語および科学用語は、本発明が属する分野の当業者に一般に理解されるものと同じ意味を有する。
式I:
1つの実施態様では、式Iの化合物を、以下のスキーム1〜7の通りに合成する。この合成の最終生成物は、式Iの化合物を、非晶質固体として、あるいは形態A〜Eなどの結晶形態として、あるいは直接的または間接的に薬学的に許容される塩として与える。この全合成ルートをさまざまに変形することにより、より優れた収率、材料原価、および/または高いキラル純度がもたらされ得る。
様々な実施態様では、式Iの化合物の非晶質形態、結晶形態A、B、C、D、もしくはEの形態、またはこれらの組合せを、医薬組成物中で投与する。本発明の医薬組成物は、被験者に適切に投与するための組成物を製剤化するために、薬学的に許容される担体および賦形剤を、式Iの化合物の非晶質、結晶形態A、B、C、D、もしくはEの形態、またはこれらの組合せと共に含む。
単一の作用メカニズムによって使用を限定することを意図しないが、本明細書に記載した方法は、式Iの化合物の非晶質、結晶形態A、B、C、D、もしくはE、またはこれらの混合物を含む式Iの化合物を投与することによって、LFA−1とICAM−1との間の相互作用を阻害することによる、炎症に関連する疾患の開始および進行の阻害を包含する。いくつかの実施態様では、この方法は、抗炎症効果をin-vitroおよびin-vivoでもたらし、炎症が介在する疾患の治療および/または疾患メカニズムの研究に有用である。
実施例2を、炭酸セシウムの代わりに炭酸カリウムを用いて繰り返した。
Bocで保護されたブロモフェニルアラニン(化合物7)(100g)を、撹拌およびアルゴンを用いて脱気しながらDMSO(400 mL)に溶解させた。メタンスルフィン酸ナトリウム(98g)、ヨウ化銅(28.7g)、炭酸カリウム(40 g)、およびL-プロリン(26.75g)を28〜30℃で添加した。反応物を約87℃にて17〜19時間加熱した。反応物を冷却し、砕いた氷を用いて反応を停止させ、30〜40分間撹拌し、クエン酸(350 g) を用いてpHを約12から約3〜4に調整した。反応を停止させた反応混合物を、ろ過し、ジクロロメタンで3回抽出し、塩化アンモニウム溶液で洗浄し、重硫酸ナトリウム溶液で洗浄し、塩水で洗浄した。ジクロロメタン中の粗生成物を減圧下で、水分含量が約0.5%未満になるまで濃縮し、さらに精製することなく次の工程に用いた。ジクロロメタン中の粗化合物8に、窒素下で撹拌しながらベンジルアルコールおよびDMPAを加えた。反応物を0〜5℃に冷却した。これに撹拌しながら30分間かけてEDC-HCL (1.03当量)を添加した。TLCおよびHPLCによって反応の完結が示された後、重炭酸ナトリウム溶液を用いて反応を停止させ、有機相を分離し、水性相をジクロロメタンで抽出した。有機相をクエン酸溶液で洗浄し、合わせた有機相を塩水溶液で洗浄した。ジクロロメタンを45〜50℃で除去し、その濃縮物を、さらに精製することなく次の工程に用いた。化合物9のアミノ基を、ジオキサン中の4NのHClを、塩化メチレン中10〜15℃の化合物9に添加することによって脱保護した。遊離のアミノ種のHCl塩である化合物10を、ジエチルエーテルからろ過によって単離した。化合物10の単離は、ジメチルホルムアミド/ジクロロメタン溶媒系を用いて再結晶することによって実施した。
化合物5を酢酸イソプロピルに溶解させ、20〜25℃に冷却した。塩化チオニルを10〜15℃に冷却しながら添加し、N-メチルモルホリンをゆっくりと添加した。反応は、HPLCで監視した。化合物10、水、および酢酸イソプロピルを15〜20℃にて溶液が得られるまで撹拌した。これに、N-メチルモルホリンを添加した後、化合物5の反応混合物(化合物5の酸クロライド)を添加した。反応を、HPLCで監視した。完結した後、静置により二相に分離させ、水性相を除去した。上部の有機層を、水で抽出し、残りの有機層を真空下で蒸留した。ジオキサンおよびIpAcを添加してさらに蒸留した。乾燥させた後、ジオキサン中4Nの無水HClを添加した。この混合物を20〜25℃にて12時間撹拌し、完全に脱保護されたことをHPLCでチェックした。完全に脱保護された後、濃厚なスラリーを濾過し、IPAcで洗浄し、真空下、45〜55℃で乾燥させた。化合物12の収率は88%であった。
式Iの化合物のベンゾフラニルカルボニル部分を、さまざまなスキームで調製した(スキームE4、E4A、およびE4B)。
エステルの加水分解のための試薬として無水トリフルオロ酢酸(triflic anhydride)および水酸化ナトリウムを用いて実施例4を繰り返した。
代替的な保護戦略をスキームE6で実施した。
アミド結合カップリングのための酸クロライドを形成させるために、HATUの代わりに塩化チオニルを使用して、実施例6を繰り返した。
化合物19を式Iに変換する別法を、ベンジルエステル(化合物19)の塩基加水分解によって実施した。
代替的なカップリング、脱保護、および精製プロセスを実施した。
式Iの粗化合物を、10容量倍のメチルエチルケトン中、撹拌しながら3日間再結晶させて、精製された式Iの化合物を60〜65%の収率で得た。
式Iの粗化合物を、30%の含水アセトン、次いで1容量倍の水の中で24〜36時間、再結晶させて、精製された式Iの化合物を73〜77%の収率で得た。
式Iの粗化合物を、30%の含水アセトン、次いで1容量倍の水の中で24〜36時間、再結晶させ、濾過を複数回繰り返すことによって、精製された式Iの化合物を80〜90%の収率で得た。得られた式Iの化合物には、メチルエチルケトンの残存が全く検出されなかった。
結晶形態II
約50 mgの結晶形態Iを、50℃にてアセトン(2.5 mL)に溶解させた。この溶液を、予め加熱した容器に、濾過して入れた。非溶媒であるn-ヘプタンを添加し、この混合物を約5℃の冷蔵庫内に置いた。得られた固体を濾過し、真空下で乾燥させた。
約320 mgの形態Iをアセトン(15 mL)に溶解させた。この溶液を、予め加熱したガラス瓶に、濾過して入れた。次いで、n-ヘプタン(10 mL)を添加し、この混合物を、冷蔵庫内に30分間置いた。冷却された溶液に、形態IIの種晶を入れ、5℃にて12時間平衡状態に置いた。得られた固体を濾過し、真空下で乾燥させた。
Claims (54)
- 式I:
a)式AA:
の加水分解を、二相の条件下で塩基を用いて実施する工程;および
b)前記式Iの化合物またはその塩を単離する工程
を含む、合成方法。 - 前記二相の条件が、含水アセトンを含む、請求項1に記載の合成方法。
- 前記含水アセトンが、約30%の含水アセトンである、請求項2に記載の合成方法。
- 前記含水アセトンが、式AAに対して質量比約1:1〜約5:1の範囲の量で存在する、請求項2に記載の合成方法。
- 前記塩基が、水酸化ナトリウムである、請求項1に記載の合成方法。
- 前記水酸化ナトリウムを、約1.0〜約1.5当量の範囲の量で添加する、請求項5に記載の合成方法。
- 前記水酸化ナトリウムを、約1.2当量の量で添加する、請求項6に記載の方法。
- 相間移動触媒をさらに含む、請求項1に記載の合成方法。
- 前記相間移動触媒が、第四級アンモニウム塩である、請求項8に記載の合成方法。
- 前記第四級アンモニウム塩が、水酸化テトラブチルアンモニウムである、請求項9に記載の合成方法。
- 前記相間移動触媒が、約0.01〜約0.5当量の範囲の量で存在する、請求項8に記載の合成方法。
- Rが、低級アルキル、低級アルケニル、低級アルキニル、シクロ(低級)アルキル、シクロ(低級)アルケニル、アリール、アラルキル、ヘテロシクリル、およびヘテロアリール基から選択される、置換または非置換の基である、請求項1に記載の合成方法。
- 式AAが、
- 再結晶によって前記式Iの化合物を精製する工程をさらに含む、請求項1に記載の合成方法。
- 前記再結晶を、含水アセトンを用いて実施する、請求項14に記載の合成方法。
- 式I:
の化合物をさらに含む、反応混合物。 - 1種以上の溶媒をさらに含む、請求項16に記載の反応混合物。
- 前記1種以上の溶媒が、水、アセトン、メチルエチルケトン、ジオキサン、およびこれらの混合物からなる群から選択される、請求項17に記載の反応混合物。
- 水およびアセトンをさらに含む、請求項16に記載の反応混合物。
- 前記反応混合物が二相である、請求項16に記載の反応混合物。
- 塩基をさらに含む、請求項16に記載の反応混合物。
- 前記塩基が水酸化ナトリウムである、請求項21に記載の反応混合物。
- 相間移動触媒をさらに含む、請求項16に記載の反応混合物。
- 前記相間移動触媒が、第四級アンモニウム塩である、請求項23に記載の反応混合物。
- 前記第四級アンモニウム塩が、水酸化テトラブチルアンモニウムである、請求項24に記載の反応混合物。
- Rが、低級アルキル、低級アルケニル、低級アルキニル、シクロ(低級)アルキル、シクロ(低級)アルケニル、アリール、アラルキル、ヘテロシクリル、およびヘテロアリール基から選択される、置換または非置換の基である、請求項16に記載の反応混合物。
- 式AAが、
- 水、アセトン、水酸化ナトリウム、および水酸化テトラブチルアンモニウムをさらに含む、請求項27に記載の反応混合物。
- 式I:
a)式Iの粗化合物またはその塩を得て、前記粗化合物またはその塩を、含水アセトンを用いて再結晶させる工程;および
b)得られた式Iの化合物またはその塩を、含水アセトンを除去することによって単離する工程
を含む、精製方法。 - 前記含水アセトンを約7容積倍の量で用いる、請求項29に記載の精製方法。
- 前記含水アセトンが、約30%の含水アセトンである、請求項29に記載の精製方法。
- pH調整剤を添加して、pHを約5未満にする工程を含む、請求項29に記載の精製方法。
- pHを約1〜約5の間にする工程を含む、請求項32に記載の精製方法。
- 前記pH調整剤が、有機酸または無機酸から選択される、請求項32に記載の精製方法。
- 前記pH調整剤が塩酸である、請求項32に記載の精製方法。
- 前記含水アセトンの除去を濾過によって行う、請求項29に記載の精製方法。
- 約1時間〜約48時間の範囲の期間で実施する、請求項29に記載の精製方法。
- 式I:
- pH調整剤をさらに含み、約1〜約5の間のpHを有する、請求項38に記載の組成物。
- 室温を超える温度に加熱されたものである、請求項38に記載の組成物。
- 請求項1に記載の合成方法によって合成された、式I:
- 98%を超える光学純度を有する、請求項41に記載の単離された化合物。
- 形態IIの多形体である、式I:
- 前記多形体が、約10.8、16.4、および21.8度の反射角2θにピークを有する粉末X線回折パターンを有することを特徴とする、請求項42に記載の多形体。
- 前記多形体が、約38℃で小さな吸熱を示す、請求項42に記載の多形体。
- 前記多形体が、約156℃で溶融転移を示す、請求項42に記載の多形体。
- 前記多形体が、アセトンおよびn-ヘプタン中での式Iの結晶化によって生じたものである、請求項43に記載の多形体。
- 薬学的に許容される担体を含み、式I:
前記化合物が形態IIの多形体である、固体組成物。 - 前記固体組成物の少なくとも50質量%が形態IIの多形体である、請求項48に記載の固体組成物。
- 前記固体組成物の約5質量%未満が形態IIの多形体である、請求項48に記載の固体組成物。
- 非晶質、形態I、形態III、形態IV、形態V、および形態VIからなる群から選択される1種以上の固体形態をさらに含む、請求項48に記載の固体組成物。
- 前記固体組成物の少なくとも約50質量%が形態IIの多形体である、請求項51に記載の固体組成物。
- 前記固体組成物の約5質量%未満が形態IIの多形体である、請求項51に記載の固体組成物。
- 請求項29に記載の精製方法によって精製された、式I:
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