JP2018532841A - 適時原料を用いる改良型沸騰床リアクター - Google Patents
適時原料を用いる改良型沸騰床リアクター Download PDFInfo
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- JP2018532841A JP2018532841A JP2018515100A JP2018515100A JP2018532841A JP 2018532841 A JP2018532841 A JP 2018532841A JP 2018515100 A JP2018515100 A JP 2018515100A JP 2018515100 A JP2018515100 A JP 2018515100A JP 2018532841 A JP2018532841 A JP 2018532841A
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- Prior art keywords
- ebullated bed
- heavy oil
- bed reactor
- catalyst
- low quality
- Prior art date
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Images
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- B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
- B01J27/02—Sulfur, selenium or tellurium; Compounds thereof
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- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
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- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G65/00—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by two or more hydrotreatment processes only
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、沸騰床水素化システムを改良し、低質の重油を水素化する方法、および前記開示された方法により形成した改良型沸騰床水素化システムに関する。前記方法およびシステムには、(1)二元触媒システムを用いる工程および(2)て低質の重油を水素化するために沸騰床リアクターを操作し、プラスチック二次加工製品の生産速度を維持し、または上昇させる工程を含む。
図2A〜2Dは、本発明に従い、改良して二元触媒システムを使用することができ、重油などの炭化水素原料を水素化するために使用される、沸騰床水素化リアクターおよびシステムの制限されない例を概略的に示す。前記例の沸騰床水素化リアクターおよびシステムには、中間分離、完全水素処理、および/または完全水素化分解を含む可能性があることは理解される。
図3は、適時原料を水素化し、適時原料を用いて操作するため、二元触媒システムを使用する沸騰床リアクターを改良する典型的方法を図示したフローチャートである。図3は方法をより具体的に図示し、(1)最初に不均一触媒を用いて沸騰床リアクターを操作し、プラスチック二次加工製品の初期生産速度で初期重油原料を水素化する工程と、(2)分散金属硫化物触媒粒子を前記沸騰床リアクターに追加し、分散金属硫化物触媒粒子および不均一触媒から成る二元触媒システムを有する改良型沸騰床リアクターを形成する工程と、(3)前記二元触媒システムを用いて前記改良型沸騰床リアクターを操作し、1若しくはそれ以上の適時原料(例えば、低質の重油および/または低質の原料混合物)を含む原料を定期的に水素化するが、少なくとも初期速度の高さでプラスチック二次加工製品の生産速度を維持する工程とを有する。
図4は、開示された方法およびシステムで使用することができる、改良型沸騰床水素化システムの例400を概略的に図示する。沸騰床水素化システム400には、改良型沸騰床リアクター430および熱分離器404(または蒸留塔などの他の分離器)を含む。改良型沸騰床リアクター430を作成するため、触媒前駆体402は1若しくはそれ以上のミキサー406において炭化水素希釈剤404と最初に予混合し、触媒前駆体混合物409を形成する。触媒前駆体混合物409を原料408に追加し、1若しくはそれ以上のミキサー410内で前記原料と混合し、調整原料411を形成する。調整原料は周囲にポンプ414を有するサージ管に供給し、前記調整原料内の前記触媒前駆体をさらに混合および分散させる。
以下の試験研究は、重油、特に適時原料を水素化する際、不均一触媒および分散金属硫化物触媒粒子から成る二元触媒システムを使用するため、沸騰床リアクターを改良する効果および利点を証明している。
実施例1〜3は前述の試験的生産工場で実施され、プラスチック二次加工製品の生産速度を維持し、また沈降物形成を維持または減少させながら、不均一触媒および分散金属硫化物触媒粒子から成る二元触媒システムを利用した改良型沸騰床リアクターが、適時原料を利用できる能力を試験した。前記プラスチック二次加工製品の生産速度は、残油転化、C7アスファルテン転化、および微小残留炭素(MCR)転化と関連する。本試験に使用される初期重油原料はArab Medium減圧残油(VR)、前記適時原料はUral減圧残油(VR)であり、これは前記Arab Medium VRと比較して大幅に低質である。上述のとおり、調整原料は一定量の触媒前駆体混合物と一定量の重油原料を混合し、必要量の分散触媒を含む最終調整原料とすることで調整した。その例外は分散触媒を使用していない試験であり、この場合は重真空ガス油が同じ割合で触媒前駆体混合物に置換された。前記調整原料は図5の試験的生産工場に供給され、特定のパラメーターを用いて操作した。関連プロセスの条件および結果は、表1に示す。
実施例4〜5では、同じ残油転化を維持しながら、適時原料を含む混合原料を水素化する場合、沸騰床水素化システムで不均一触媒自体を使用する効果を、同じ不均一触媒と分散金属硫化物触媒粒子を含む二元触媒システムと比較した。本試験に使用されたベースラインの重油原料は、SEG−17と指定された減圧残油(VR)であり、前記適時原料はUral減圧残油(VR)であり、これはSEG−17と比較して大幅に低質である。前記混合重油原料には、80% SEG−17と20% Ural VRを含んだ。関連プロセスの条件および結果は、表2に示す。
実施例6では、実施例4〜5同様、ベースライン原料と適時原料(80% SEG−17/20% Ural VTB)の同じ混合物を利用し、不均一沸騰床触媒自体、および前記不均一沸騰床触媒自体と分散硫化モリブデン触媒粒子から成る二元触媒システムを用い、市販の連続水素化転化ユニットにおいて、様々な時間間隔でアスファルテン転化を比較した。結果を図6に示し、これは、異なる触媒システムを用い、様々な時間間隔でアスファルテン転化のプロットを示している。図6で明らかに示されているとおり、前記二元触媒システムを使用することで、前記不均一触媒自体を使用する場合と比較し、アスファルテン転化が大幅に増加した。
実施例7では、様々な適時原料を利用し、不均一沸騰床触媒自体、または前記不均一沸騰床触媒と分散硫化モリブデン触媒粒子から成る二元触媒システムを用いて沈降物wt%を比較した。本実施例で使用した適時原料はUrals、Eugene Island、Ras Gharib、およびIsthmusと指定された減圧残油であった。その結果は実施例7に示され、分散硫化モリブデン触媒粒子を用いた場合と用いない場合で、様々な適時触媒を使用し、様々な時間間隔で沈降物wt%のプロットを示している。図7に明らかに示しているとおり、前記不均一触媒と分散硫化モリブデン触媒粒子をいずれも含む二元触媒システムを使用することで、前記不均一触媒自体を使用する場合と比較し、前記適時原料それぞれの沈降物生成が大幅に減少した。
実施例8では、直接前記交換器の熱負荷に影響する真空塔底部(VTB)熱交換器において、二元触媒システムと不均一触媒を使用した効果を比較した。前記沸騰床リアクターは、低い供給速度およびリアクター温度で前記均一触媒のみを用い、初期条件で操作した。前記VTB熱交換器の汚染は前記熱交換器の熱負荷を抑制し、そのため洗浄が必要になった。通常のユニット運転はピーク供給速度および通常のリアクター温度で再開し(これにより熱交換器の負荷が着実に低下し)、または前記VTB熱交換器の汚染が増加した(これにより洗浄が必要となった)。
Claims (22)
- 1またはそれ以上の沸騰床リアクターを含み、低質重油を水素化する沸騰床水素化システムを改良する方法であって、
最初に不均一触媒を用いて沸騰床リアクターを操作し、プラスチック二次加工製品の初期生産速度で初期重油原料を水素化する工程と、
その後、前記沸騰床リアクターを改良し、分散金属硫化物触媒粒子および不均一触媒から成る二元触媒システムを用いて操作する工程と、
プラスチック二次加工製品の生産速度を初期速度と少なくとも同程度に維持しながら、前記二元触媒システムを用いて前記改良型沸騰床リアクターを操作し、低質重油および/または低質原料混合物を水素化する工程と
を有する、方法。 - 請求項1記載の方法において、前記低質重油および/または前記低質原料混合物は、初期重油原料と比較して、以下に限定されるものではないが、
高沸点と、
高硫黄濃度と、
高窒素濃度と、
高金属濃度と、
高分子量と、
低水素:炭素比と、
高アスファルテン含有量と、
高沈降物形成傾向と
から選択される少なくとも1つの低質の特徴を有する、方法。 - 請求項1または2記載の方法において、前記二元触媒システムを用いた前記改良型沸騰床リアクターの操作は、前記初期重油原料または同品質の重油と、少なくとも5%、または少なくとも10%、または少なくとも20%、または少なくとも30%、または少なくとも40%の低質重油との低質原料混合物を水素化する工程を含む、方法。
- 請求項1〜3のいずれか1つに記載の方法において、前記二元触媒システムを用いた前記改良型沸騰床リアクターの操作は、前記初期重油原料の代わりに前記低質重油を水素化する工程を含む、方法。
- 請求項1〜3のいずれか1つに記載の方法において、前記低質重油は、重質原油、油砂瀝青、精製プロセスで残った残油、少なくとも343℃(650°F)の公称沸点を有する大気塔底部、少なくとも524℃(975°F)の公称沸点を有する真空塔底部、熱分離器の残油、残油ピッチ、溶媒抽出後の残油、または減圧残油の少なくとも1つを有する、方法。
- 請求項1〜5のいずれか1つに記載の方法において、前記低質重油または低質原料混合物とともに前記二元触媒システムを用いて前記改良型沸騰床リアクターを操作すると、装置汚染率が前記沸騰床リアクターを最初に操作した場合と同等またはそれ未満となる、方法。
- 請求項6記載の方法において、前記改良型沸騰床リアクターを操作して前記低質重油または前記低質原料混合物を水素化する場合の装置汚染率が、
前記沸騰床リアクターを最初に操作する場合と同等またはそれよりも少ない、洗浄のための熱交換器運転停止の頻度、
前記沸騰床リアクターを最初に操作した場合と同等またはそれよりも少ない、洗浄のための大気および/または真空蒸留塔運転停止の頻度、
前記沸騰床リアクターを最初に操作した場合と同等またはそれよりも少ない、フィルターおよびろ過器の交換または洗浄の頻度、
前記沸騰床リアクターを最初に操作した場合と同等またはそれよりも少ない、予備の熱交換器に切り替える頻度
前記沸騰床リアクターを最初に操作した場合と比較した、1またはそれ以上の熱交換器、分離器、または蒸留塔から選択された装置における表面温度の低下率の抑制、
前記沸騰床リアクターを最初に操作した場合と比較した、煙管金属温度の上昇率の抑制、または
前記沸騰床リアクターを最初に操作した場合と比較した、熱交換器の計算された抵抗汚染要因の増加率の抑制
の少なくとも1つになる、方法。 - 請求項1〜7のいずれか1つに記載の方法において、前記二元触媒システムを用いて前記改良型沸騰床リアクターを操作し、前記低質重油または前記低質原料混合物を水素化する工程は、沈降物生成率を、前記沸騰床リアクターを最初に操作した場合と同等またはそれ未満にする、方法。
- 請求項8記載の方法において、前記沈降物生成率が
大気塔底部生成物中の沈降物の測定、
真空塔底部生成物中の沈降物の測定、
熱低圧分離器からの生成物中の沈降物の測定、または
カッターストックの追加前または追加後の燃料油生成物中の沈降物の測定
のうちの少なくとも1つに基づく、方法。 - 請求項1〜9のいずれか1つに記載の方法において、前記二元触媒システムを用いて前記改良型沸騰床リアクターを操作し、前記低質重油および/または前記低質原料混合物を水素化する工程は、生成物沈降物濃度を、前記沸騰床リアクターを最初に操作した場合と同等またはそれ未満にする、方法。
- 請求項10記載の方法において、前記生成物沈降物濃度が
大気塔底部生成物中の沈降物の測定、
真空塔底部生成物中の沈降物の測定、
熱低圧分離器からの生成物中の沈降物の測定、
1またはそれ以上のカッターストックの追加前または追加後の燃料油生成物中の沈降物の測定
のうちの少なくとも1つに基づく、方法。 - 請求項1〜11のいずれか1つに記載の方法において、前記分散金属硫化物触媒粒子が、1μm未満、または約500nm未満、または約100nm未満、または約25nm未満、または約10nm未満の大きさである、方法。
- 請求項1〜12のいずれか1つに記載の方法において、前記分散金属硫化物触媒粒子が、触媒前駆体から前記重油内でその場で形成される、方法。
- 請求項13記載の方法であって、さらに、前記触媒前駆体と希釈剤炭化水素とを混合し、希釈前駆体混合物を形成する工程と、前記希釈前駆体混合物と前記重油とを混合し、調製重油を形成する工程と、前記調製重油を加熱し、前記触媒前駆体を分解して前記分散金属硫化物触媒粒子をその場で形成する工程とを有する、方法。
- 請求項1〜14のいずれか1つに記載の方法において、前記二元触媒システムを用いて前記改良型沸騰床リアクターを操作し、前記低質重油および/または前記低質原料混合物を水素化する工程が、前記沸騰床リアクターを最初に操作した場合と少なくとも同程度に高い転化で操作する工程を有する、方法。
- 請求項1〜15のいずれか1つに記載の方法において、前記二元触媒システムを用いて前記改良型沸騰床リアクターを操作し、前記低質重油および/または前記低質原料混合物を水素化する工程が、前記沸騰床リアクターを最初に操作した場合と少なくとも同程度に高い処理量で操作する工程を有する、方法。
- 請求項1〜16のいずれか1つに記載の方法において、前記二元触媒システムを用いて前記改良型沸騰床リアクターを操作し、前記低質重油および/または前記低質原料混合物を水素化する工程が、前記沸騰床リアクターを最初に操作した場合と少なくとも同程度に高い温度で操作する工程を有する、方法。
- 沸騰床水素化システムを改良し、低質の重油を水素化する方法であって、
最初に不均一触媒を用いて沸騰床リアクターを操作し、プラスチック二次加工製品の初期生産速度で初期重油原料を水素化する工程であって、前記初期重油原料が、これに限定されるものではないが、沸点、硫黄濃度、窒素濃度、金属濃度、分子量、水素:炭素比、またはアスファルテン含有量から選択される少なくとも1つの品質の特徴を有する、前記水素化する工程と、
その後、前記沸騰床リアクターを改良し、分散金属硫化物触媒粒子および不均一触媒から成る二元触媒システムを用いて操作する工程と、
プラスチック二次加工製品の生産速度を初期速度と少なくとも同程度に維持しながら、前記二元触媒システムを用いて前記改良型沸騰床リアクターを操作し、低質重油および/または低質原料混合物を水素化する工程であって、前記低質重油および/または前記低質原料混合物は、初期重油原料と比較して、以下に限定されるものではないが、高沸点、高硫黄濃度、高窒素濃度、高金属濃度、高分子量、低水素:炭素比、高アスファルテン含有量、または高沈降物形成傾向から選択される少なくとも1つの低質の特徴を有する、前記水素化する工程と
を有する、方法。 - 沸騰床水素化システムを改良し、低質の重油を水素化する方法であって、
最初に不均一触媒を用いて沸騰床リアクターを操作し、プラスチック二次加工製品の初期生産速度で初期重油原料を水素化する工程と、
その後、前記沸騰床リアクターを改良し、分散金属硫化物触媒粒子および不均一触媒から成る二元触媒システムを用いて操作する工程と、
プラスチック二次加工製品の生産速度を初期速度と少なくとも同程度に維持しながら、前記二元触媒システムを使用して前記改良型沸騰床リアクターを操作し、低質原料混合物を水素化する工程であって、前記低質原料混合物が、前記初期重油原料または同品質の重油と少なくとも5%の低質重油とを有する、前記水素化する工程と
を有する、方法。 - 請求項19記載の方法において、前記低質原料混合物が、少なくとも10%、または少なくとも20%、または少なくとも30%、または少なくとも40%の低質重油を有する、方法。
- 沸騰床水素化システムを改良し、低質の重油を水素化する方法であって、
最初に不均一触媒を用いて沸騰床リアクターを操作し、プラスチック二次加工製品の初期生産速度で初期重油原料を水素化する工程と、
その後、前記沸騰床リアクターを改良し、分散金属硫化物触媒粒子および不均一触媒から成る二元触媒システムを用いて操作する工程と、
プラスチック二次加工製品の生産速度を沸騰床リアクターを操作する場合の初期速度と少なくとも同程度に維持しながら、前記二元触媒システムを用いて前記改良型沸騰床リアクターを操作し、前記初期重油原料の代わりに低質重油を水素化する工程と
を有する、方法。 - 設計どおり操作した場合に従来の沸騰床システムと比較した、低質の重油を水素化するための沸騰床水素化システムによる、重油の強化された水素化方法であって、
不均一触媒を使用して重油を水素化するように設計され、かつ設計どおりに操作した場合にベースラインの品質、ベースラインの条件、およびベースラインのプラスチック二次加工製品の生産速度で重油を水素化した場合に安定的に操作できる沸騰床リアクターを提供する工程と、
分散金属硫化物触媒粒子および不均一触媒から成る二元触媒システムを重油および水素と共に前記リアクターに導入することによって、前記沸騰床リアクターによる重油の水素化を強化する工程と、
プラスチック二次加工製品の生産速度を少なくともベースライン速度に維持しながら、前記二元触媒システムを用いて前記強化された沸騰床リアクターを操作し、ベースラインの品質と比較して低質重油および/または低質原料混合物を水素化する工程と
を有する、方法。
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EP3353266A1 (en) | 2018-08-01 |
US11414608B2 (en) | 2022-08-16 |
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JP7126443B2 (ja) | 2022-08-26 |
CA2999460C (en) | 2023-01-17 |
US20170081600A1 (en) | 2017-03-23 |
WO2017053118A1 (en) | 2017-03-30 |
KR20180064424A (ko) | 2018-06-14 |
MX2018002904A (es) | 2018-09-12 |
CA2999460A1 (en) | 2017-03-30 |
CN118028017A (zh) | 2024-05-14 |
KR102622236B1 (ko) | 2024-01-08 |
CO2018003462A2 (es) | 2018-06-12 |
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