JP2017526791A - 1つ以上の1,1−二置換アルケン化合物を含むエマルションポリマー、エマルション方法、及びそのポリマー組成物 - Google Patents
1つ以上の1,1−二置換アルケン化合物を含むエマルションポリマー、エマルション方法、及びそのポリマー組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2017526791A JP2017526791A JP2017513065A JP2017513065A JP2017526791A JP 2017526791 A JP2017526791 A JP 2017526791A JP 2017513065 A JP2017513065 A JP 2017513065A JP 2017513065 A JP2017513065 A JP 2017513065A JP 2017526791 A JP2017526791 A JP 2017526791A
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- -1 alkene compounds Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 121
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 title claims description 289
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims description 67
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- 238000004945 emulsification Methods 0.000 title description 2
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 256
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 127
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 92
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 88
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 82
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 229920005604 random copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 33
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- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 46
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- PSZAEHPBBUYICS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylidenepropanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(=C)C(O)=O PSZAEHPBBUYICS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 10
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- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- SUHUKEQAOUOUJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethane-1,2-diol;2,4,7,9-tetramethyldec-5-yne-4,7-diol Chemical group OCCO.CC(C)CC(C)(O)C#CC(C)(O)CC(C)C SUHUKEQAOUOUJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
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- ZHVZCEMYIWWUED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2,4-dimethylpentan-3-ylidene)propanedioic acid Chemical compound CC(C)C(C(C)C)=C(C(O)=O)C(O)=O ZHVZCEMYIWWUED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- NGEHWWMLEYDZSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-ethoxyethoxycarbonyl)pent-2-enoic acid Chemical compound CCC=C(C(=O)O)C(=O)OCCOCC NGEHWWMLEYDZSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- FOOQDDMWFXEYFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxyethoxycarbonyl)but-2-enoic acid Chemical compound CC=C(C(=O)O)C(=O)OCCOC FOOQDDMWFXEYFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- XYMYQZXZGMAYDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-butan-2-yloxycarbonylprop-2-enoic acid Chemical compound CCC(C)OC(=O)C(=C)C(O)=O XYMYQZXZGMAYDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- GPNOVVVORVGOKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-butoxycarbonylbut-2-enoic acid Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C(=CC)C(O)=O GPNOVVVORVGOKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- YYRURNNSDDKJSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethoxycarbonylnon-2-enoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCC=C(C(=O)O)C(=O)OCC YYRURNNSDDKJSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000463 Poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(propylene glycol)-block-poly(ethylene glycol) Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- IYFATESGLOUGBX-YVNJGZBMSA-N Sorbitan monopalmitate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H](O)[C@H]1OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1O IYFATESGLOUGBX-YVNJGZBMSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- RKZXQQPEDGMHBJ-LIGJGSPWSA-N [(2s,3r,4r,5r)-2,3,4,5,6-pentakis[[(z)-octadec-9-enoyl]oxy]hexyl] (z)-octadec-9-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H](OC(=O)CCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC)[C@@H](OC(=O)CCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC)[C@H](OC(=O)CCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC)[C@@H](OC(=O)CCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC)COC(=O)CCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC RKZXQQPEDGMHBJ-LIGJGSPWSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004423 acyloxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000005741 alkyl alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- KWEDUNSJJZVRKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbononitridic azide Chemical compound [N-]=[N+]=NC#N KWEDUNSJJZVRKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 claims description 3
- KTLZQSZGORXBED-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl 2-methylidenepropanedioate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(=C)C(=O)OC KTLZQSZGORXBED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000002768 hydroxyalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000468 ketone group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 claims description 3
- GSGDTSDELPUTKU-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonoxybenzene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCOC1=CC=CC=C1 GSGDTSDELPUTKU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001570 sorbitan monopalmitate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940031953 sorbitan monopalmitate Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011071 sorbitan monopalmitate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000472 sulfonyl group Chemical group *S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 claims 4
- HBBUGZUMFITNFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2,2-diethoxyethoxycarbonyl)prop-2-enoic acid Chemical compound CCOC(COC(=O)C(=C)C(=O)O)OCC HBBUGZUMFITNFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 238000010907 mechanical stirring Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007720 emulsion polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 31
- 238000012662 bulk polymerization Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 51
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 27
- DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trifluoroacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(F)(F)F DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- 229920002959 polymer blend Polymers 0.000 description 20
- BQHDXNZNSPVVKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethyl 2-methylidenepropanedioate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(=C)C(=O)OCC BQHDXNZNSPVVKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 16
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 16
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 16
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- WXMKPNITSTVMEF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium benzoate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WXMKPNITSTVMEF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 15
- 239000004299 sodium benzoate Substances 0.000 description 15
- 235000010234 sodium benzoate Nutrition 0.000 description 15
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 13
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 238000005227 gel permeation chromatography Methods 0.000 description 13
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 13
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 11
- KWXICGTUELOLSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 KWXICGTUELOLSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 10
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 9
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- UPQZOUHVTJNGFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethyl 2-methylpropanedioate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(C)C(=O)OCC UPQZOUHVTJNGFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 8
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- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 description 7
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 238000001879 gelation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 7
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 7
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- 238000010966 qNMR Methods 0.000 description 6
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- QLAJNZSPVITUCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,2-dioxathietane 2,2-dioxide Chemical compound O=S1(=O)OCO1 QLAJNZSPVITUCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-WFGJKAKNSA-N Dimethyl sulfoxide Chemical group [2H]C([2H])([2H])S(=O)C([2H])([2H])[2H] IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-WFGJKAKNSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 4
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Abstract
Description
本出願は、2015年7月1日に出願された米国特許出願第14/789,178号、2015年7月28日に出願された同第14/810,741号、2015年6月30日に出願された米国仮特許出願第62/186,479号、2015年6月19日に出願された同第62/182,076号、2014年9月8日に出願された同第62/047,283号、及び2014年9月8日に出願された同第62/047,328号の優先権を主張し、それらの内容全体を参照によって本願明細書に援用する。
本明細書の教示は、直接結合を介してまたは酸素原子を介してカルボニル基に結合したヒドロカルビル基を有する1つ以上の1,1−二置換アルケン化合物を含むエマルションポリマー、エマルションポリマーを調製するための方法、エマルションポリマーを含む組成物、及びエマルションポリマーの使用に関する。エマルションポリマーは、単一モノマーから本質的になる(例えば、約99重量%以上)かまたは完全になるホモポリマーであってもよく、または2つ以上のモノマーを含む共重合体(例えば、ランダム共重合体、または複数のポリマーブロックを有するブロック共重合体)であってもよい。エマルション重合は、1つ以上の反応性1,1−二置換アルケンモノマーのアニオン重合によって調製されるのが好ましい。
BI=(f(M1−M2)+f(M2−M1))/(2XM1(1−XM2))
定義により、真の統計学的ランダム共重合体は、1のBI(1.0)を有する。ブロック状ランダム共重合体は、より低い濃度のM1−M2及びM2−M1ダイアド分率を有することになり、BIが1.0よりも小さくなる。ブロック共重合体は、非常に低い濃度のM1−M2及びM2−M1ダイアド分率を有することになり、BIが1よりもはるかに小さくなり、ゼロに近づく。一方、XM1が0.5以上である交互共重合体は、BI=1+(1/XM1)を有する。ダイアド分率の濃度及びXM1は、Yi−Jun Huangeらによって、「二重金属シアニド錯体触媒によって調製されるプロピレンオキシド及びエチレンオキシドのランダム共重合体」、Chinese Journal of Polymer Science、20:5、2002、453頁〜459頁(これはその全体が参照によって本明細書中に組み込まれる)に記載される類似のピーク割当及び技術を使用して、13C−NMR分光法を使用して測定することができる。
Claims (48)
- i)約25重量%以上のキャリア液、界面活性剤、及び1つ以上のモノマーを含む混合物を撹拌して、前記キャリア液中の前記1つ以上のモノマーのミセルを形成する工程で、前記1つ以上のモノマーは、1つ以上の1,1−二置換アルケンを含み;
ii)活性剤を前記ミセル中の前記モノマーの少なくとも1つと反応させて、前記1つ以上のモノマーのアニオン重合を開始させる工程と;
iii)前記1つ以上のモノマーを約700g/モル以上の数平均分子量にアニオン重合する工程と、
を含む、プロセス。 - 前記1つ以上の1,1−二置換アルケンの濃度が、前記1つ以上のモノマーの総重量に基づいて、約30重量%以上である、請求項1に記載のプロセス。
- 前記エマルションが、酸含有化合物を含む、請求項1または2に記載のプロセス。
- 前記界面活性剤が、非イオン性界面活性剤を含む、請求項1または2に記載のプロセス。
- 前記プロセスが、前記1つ以上のモノマーをアニオン重合する前記工程後に、1つ以上の第2のモノマーを前記エマルションに添加する工程と、前記1つ以上の第2のモノマーは、組成物中の前記1つ以上のモノマーとは異なるかまたは異なるモノマーを含み、前記1つ以上の第2のモノマーをアニオン重合する工程とを含む、請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載のプロセス。
- 前記1つ以上の第2のモノマーをアニオン重合する前記プロセス工程が、ブロック共重合体を形成する工程を含む、請求項5に記載のプロセス。
- 前記1,1−二置換アルケンが、直接結合を介してまたは酸素原子を介して2つのカルボニル基の各々に結合したヒドロカルビル基を有する化合物を含む、請求項1〜6のいずれかに記載のプロセス。
- 前記重合温度が約40℃以下である、請求項1〜7のいずれかに記載のプロセス。
- 前記キャリア液が水を含み、前記水が、前記キャリア液及び前記1つ以上のモノマーの総重量に基づいて、約40重量%以上の濃度で存在する、請求項1〜8のいずれかに記載のプロセス。
- 前記プロセスが、前記重合反応を急冷する工程を含む、請求項1〜9のいずれかに記載のプロセス。
- 前記1つ以上のモノマーが、2つの1,1−二置換アルケン、第1の1,1−二置換アルケン、及び第2の1,1−二置換アルケンを含む、請求項1〜10のいずれかに記載のプロセス。
- 得られたポリマーが、第1の1,1−二置換アルケンと第2のモノマーのランダム共重合体を含む、請求項1〜11のいずれかに記載のプロセス。
- 得られたポリマーが、約10重量%以上の第1の1,1−二置換アルケンを含む第1のポリマーブロックと、及び10重量%未満の前記第1の1,1−二置換アルケンを含む第2のポリマーブロックとを含む、請求項1〜12のいずれかに記載のプロセス。
- 得られたポリマーが、約700〜約3,000,000ダルトンの分子量、約1〜約8の多分散性指標、または両方によって特徴付けられる、請求項1〜13のいずれかに記載のプロセス。
- 得られたポリマーが、第1のガラス転移温度を有する第1のブロックと第2のガラス転移温度を有する第2のブロックとを含むブロック共重合体であり、前記第1及び第2のガラス転移温度が約20℃以上異なる、請求項1〜14のいずれかに記載のプロセス。
- 得られたポリマーが、約1.5以下(例えば、約1.3以下、または約1.2以下)の多分散性指標を有し、及び/または、前記1つ以上のモノマー対前記活性剤のモル比が約20,000:1以下であり、及び/または、前記1つ以上のモノマー対前記活性剤のモル比が約50:1以上である、請求項1〜15のいずれかに記載のプロセス。
- 前記界面活性剤が、2,4,7,9−テトラメチル−5−デシン−4,7−ジオールエトキシレート、ポリ(エチレングリコール)−ブロック−ポリ(プロピレングリコール)−ブロック−ポリ(エチレングリコール)共重合体、ポリエチレングリコール、エトキシ化C9−C11アルコール、ソルビタンモノパルミテート、ポリオキシエチレン(12)ノニルフェニルエーテル、ポリ(エチレングリコール)ソルビトールヘキサオレエート、またはそれらの任意の組み合わせを含む、請求項1〜16のいずれかに記載のプロセス。
- 前記モノマーのヒドロカルビル基が、C1−15直鎖または分枝鎖アルキル、C1−15直鎖または分枝鎖アルケニル、C5−18シクロアルキル、C6−24アルキル置換シクロアルキル、C4−18アリール、C4−20アラルキル、またはC4−20アラルキルを含む、請求項1〜17のいずれかに記載のプロセス。
- i)前記1,1−二置換アルケンが、1,1−二置換エチレン化合物であり、及び/または、
ii)得られたポリマーが、ホモポリマー(例えば、単一の1,1−二置換アルケンから本質的または完全になる約98原子%以上、約99原子%以上、約99.5原子%以上を含む)である、請求項1〜18のいずれかに記載のプロセス。 - 重合中の反応器の温度が、約70℃(好ましくは約60℃以下、より好ましくは約45℃以下、さらにより好ましくは約40℃以下、及び最も好ましくは約30℃以下)を下回って維持され、及び/または、前記重合プロセス中の温度における任意のスパイクが、約45℃以下(好ましくは約30℃以下、より好ましくは約15℃以下、及び最も好ましくは約10℃以下)である、請求項1〜19のいずれかに記載のプロセス。
- 前記キャリア液の分圧が、約400トール以下(好ましくは約100トール以下)であり、及び/または、前記エマルションが、例えば、前記重合の開始及び/または成長中に約8以下(好ましくは約7以下、さらにより好ましくは約6.6以下、及び最も好ましくは約6.4以下)のpHを有し、及び/または、前記エマルションが、例えば、前記重合の開始及び/または成長中に約4以上(好ましくは約5以上、さらにより好ましくは約5.5以上、及び最も好ましくは約5.9以上)のpHを有する、請求項1〜20のいずれかに記載のプロセス。
- 前記プロセスが、以下の工程、
i)前記エマルションのpHを約0.5以上減少させて、前記重合反応を停止させるように、十分な量の酸を前記エマルションに添加する工程と、
ii)(例えば、前記重合反応の完了後に)前記ポリマーから一部または全ての前記キャリア液を除去する工程と、
iii)(例えば、前記重合反応の完了後に)前記ポリマーから一部または全ての前記界面活性剤を除去する工程と、
iv)得られたポリマーをエマルションとして包装すること、
v)得られたポリマーを固体ポリマーとして包装すること、
vi)得られたポリマーを液体ポリマーとして包装すること、
vii)前記ポリマーを1つ以上の充填剤、及び/または、1つ以上の添加剤と配合して、高分子組成物を形成すること、または
viii)前記ポリマーを含む高分子組成物を包装すること
の1つまたは任意の組み合わせを含む、請求項1〜21のいずれかに記載のプロセス。 - 前記キャリア液が、水を含み、前記ポリマーの成長の完了時に、前記キャリア液の濃度が、前記キャリア液及び前記ポリマーの総重量に基づいて、約40重量%以上である、請求項1〜22のいずれかに記載のプロセス。
- 前記1つ以上のモノマーの前記ポリマーへの変換が、約98原子%以上(好ましくは約99.5原子%以上)である、請求項1〜23のいずれかに記載のプロセス。
- 前記1,1−二置換アルケン化合物(例えば、前記1,1−二置換エチレン化合物)が、直接結合を介して第1のヒドロカルビル基に結合した第1のカルボニル基と、直接結合を介して第2のヒドロカルビル基に結合した第2のカルボニル基とを含む、請求項1〜24のいずれかに記載のプロセス。
- 前記1,1−二置換アルケン化合物(例えば、前記1,1−二置換エチレン化合物)が、ケト基が形成されるように、直接結合を介して第1のヒドロカルビル基に結合した第1のカルボニル基と、エステル基が形成されるように、酸素原子を介して第2のヒドロカルビル基に結合した第2のカルボニル基とを含む、請求項1〜24のいずれかに記載のプロセス。
- 前記1,1−二置換アルケン化合物(例えば、前記1,1−二置換エチレン化合物)が、エステル基が形成されるように、酸素原子を介して第1のヒドロカルビル基に結合した第1のカルボニル基と、エステル基が形成されるように、酸素原子を介して第2のヒドロカルビル基に結合した第2のカルボニル基とを含む、請求項1〜24のいずれかに記載のプロセス。
- 前記第1のヒドロカルビル基と前記第2のヒドロカルビル基とが異なる、請求項25〜27のいずれかに記載のプロセス。
- 前記ヒドロカルビル基の1つ以上が、アルキル、ハロ、アルコキシ、アルキルチオ、ヒドロキシル、ニトロ、シアノ、アジド、カルボキシ、アシルオキシ、スルホニル基、及びそれらの任意の組み合わせからなる群から選択される1つ以上の置換基で置換され、及び/または、前記第1のヒドロカルビル基、前記第2のヒドロカルビル基、または両方が、直鎖または分枝鎖アルキル、直鎖または分枝鎖アルキルアルケニル、直鎖または分枝鎖アルキニル、シクロアルキル、アルキル置換シクロアルキル、アリール、アラルキル、またはアルカリールである、請求項25〜28のいずれかに記載のプロセス。
- 前記1つ以上の1,1−二置換アルケン化合物が、メチレンマロン酸メチルプロピル、メチレンマロン酸ジヘキシル、メチレンマロン酸ジイソプロピル、メチレンマロン酸ブチルメチル、メチレンマロン酸エトキシエチルエチル、メチレンマロン酸メトキシエチルメチル、メチレンマロン酸ヘキシルメチル、メチレンマロン酸ジペンチル、メチレンマロン酸エチルペンチル、メチレンマロン酸メチルペンチル、メチレンマロン酸エチルエチルメトキシル、メチレンマロン酸エトキシエチルメチル、メチレンマロン酸ブチルエチル、メチレンマロン酸ジブチル、メチレンマロン酸ジエチル(DEMM)、メチレンマロン酸ジエトキシエチル、メチレンマロン酸ジメチル、メチレンマロン酸ジ−N−プロピル、メチレンマロン酸エチルヘキシル、及びメチレンマロン酸ジメトキシエチルからなる群から選択される1つ以上のモノマーを含む、請求項1〜29のいずれかに記載のプロセス。
- 前記1,1−二置換アルケン化合物が、高純度モノマーとして提供され、前記高純度モノマーが、アルケン基を有する前記1,1−二置換アルケン化合物を含み、ヒドロキシアルキル基で置換された前記アルケン基を有する任意の類似化合物(すなわち、不純物化合物)の総濃度が、前記1,1−二置換アルケン化合物の総モルに基づいて、約3モル%以下(好ましくは約1モル%以下、さらにより好ましくは約0.1モル%以下、及び最も好ましくは約0.01モル%以下)である、請求項1〜30のいずれかに記載のプロセス。
- 前記撹拌工程が、機械的攪拌または超音波処理を含む、請求項1〜31のいずれかに記載のプロセス。
- 1つ以上のモノマーを重合するためのシステムであって、
i)エマルションを形成するための攪拌装置を有する反応器、
ii)約30重量%以上の水、
iii)1つ以上の1,1−二置換アルケンを含む約10重量%以上の1つ以上のモノマー、
iv)1つ以上の界面活性剤、及び
v)1,1−二置換アルケンのアニオン重合を開始させるための活性剤(複数可);
を含み、
前記攪拌装置が、かくはん装置(stirring device)または超音波処理装置を含む、前記システム。 - 前記攪拌装置が、超音波処理装置、または前記エマルションを形成する機械的攪拌を提供するための装置である、請求項33に記載のシステム。
- 前記システムが、以下の、:
i)開始反応前、開始反応中、成長反応中、またはそれらの任意の組み合わせの温度を制御するための温度制御装置、
ii)1つ以上のバッチ反応容器、
iii)一連のバッチ反応容器(例えば、第1のポリマーブロックを重合するための第1の反応容器と異なるポリマーブロックを重合するための第2の反応容器とを含む一連のバッチ反応容器)、または
iv)前記1つ以上のモノマーを供給するための1つ以上の供給点と前記反応器から前記エマルションを除去するための下流点とを含む連続反応器
の1つまたは任意の組み合わせを含む、請求項33または34に記載のシステム。 - 請求項1〜32のいずれかに記載のプロセスに従って調製されたポリマー。
- 前記ポリマーが、30重量%以上の前記1つ以上の1,1−二置換アルケン化合物を含む、請求項36に記載のポリマー。
- 請求項33〜35のいずれかに記載のシステムを用いて調製された(好ましくは30重量%以上の前記1つ以上の1,1−二置換アルケン化合物を含む)ポリマー。
- 前記ポリマーの総重量に基づいて、約50重量%以上の総濃度で1つ以上の1,1−二置換アルケンを含む、ポリマー。
- 前記ポリマーが、ブロック共重合体である、請求項36〜39のいずれかに記載のポリマー。
- i)1,1−二置換アルケン化合物である第1の主モノマーを含む第1のポリマーブロックで、前記第1の主モノマーは、それに共有結合した前記第1のポリマーブロックの総重量に基づいて、約50重量%以上の濃度で存在し、
ii)前記第1の主モノマーとは異なる第2の主モノマーを含む第2のポリマーブロック、前記第2の主モノマーは、前記第2のポリマーブロックの総重量に基づいて、約50重量%以上の濃度で存在する
を含む、ブロック共重合体。 - 約4〜約50の数平均重合度を有する低分子量ポリマーであって、
前記低分子量ポリマーが、前記低分子量ポリマーの総重量に基づいて、約60重量%以上の1つ以上の1,1−二置換アルケン化合物を含む、前記低分子量ポリマー。 - 前記1,1−二置換アルケン化合物が、アルケン基を含み、類似ヒドロキシアルキル基で置換された前記アルケン基を有する任意の不純物の総濃度が、前記1,1−二置換アルケン化合物中の総モルに基づいて、約3モル%以下であり、及び/または、前記低分子量ポリマーが、前記低分子量ポリマーの総重量に基づいて、約90重量%以上で存在する主モノマーを含み、前記主モノマーが、前記1つ以上の1,1−二置換アルケンの1つである、請求項42に記載の低分子量ポリマー。
- 前記1,1−二置換アルケン化合物(例えば、前記1,1−二置換エチレン化合物)が、直接結合を介して第1のヒドロカルビル基に結合した第1のカルボニル基と直接結合を介して第2のヒドロカルビル基に結合した第2のカルボニル基とを含む、請求項36〜43のいずれかに記載のポリマー。
- 前記ヒドロカルビル基の1つ以上が、アルキル、ハロ、アルコキシ、アルキルチオ、ヒドロキシル、ニトロ、シアノ、アジド、カルボキシ、アシルオキシ、スルホニル基、及びそれらの任意の組み合わせからなる群から選択される1つ以上の置換基で置換され、及び/または、前記第1のヒドロカルビル基、前記第2のヒドロカルビル基、または両方が、直鎖または分枝鎖アルキル、直鎖または分枝鎖アルキルアルケニル、直鎖または分枝鎖アルキニル、シクロアルキル、アルキル置換シクロアルキル、アリール、アラルキル、またはアルカリールであり、及び/または、前記第1のヒドロカルビル基、前記第2のヒドロカルビル基、または両方が、1〜12炭素原子を含む、請求項44に記載のポリマー。
- 前記1つ以上の1,1−二置換アルケン化合物が、メチレンマロン酸メチルプロピル、メチレンマロン酸ジヘキシル、メチレンマロン酸ジイソプロピル、メチレンマロン酸ブチルメチル、メチレンマロン酸エトキシエチルエチル、メチレンマロン酸メトキシエチルメチル、メチレンマロン酸ヘキシルメチル、メチレンマロン酸ジペンチル、メチレンマロン酸エチルペンチル、メチレンマロン酸メチルペンチル、メチレンマロン酸エチルエチルメトキシル、メチレンマロン酸エトキシエチルメチル、メチレンマロン酸ブチルエチル、メチレンマロン酸ジブチル、メチレンマロン酸ジエチル(DEMM)、メチレンマロン酸ジエトキシエチル、メチレンマロン酸ジメチル、メチレンマロン酸ジ−N−プロピル、メチレンマロン酸エチルヘキシル、及びメチレンマロン酸ジメトキシエチルからなる群から選択される1つ以上のモノマーを含む、請求項36〜45のいずれかに記載のプロセス。
- 前記ポリマーが、アニオン重合によって調製され、及び/または、前記ポリマーが、エマルション中の重合によって調製される、請求項36〜46のいずれかに記載のポリマー。
- 本明細書の教示によるポリマー(例えば、請求項36〜47のいずれかに記載のポリマー、及び/または、請求項1〜32のいずれかに記載の方法によって調製されたポリマー、及び、充填剤、添加剤、または両方を含む)を含む、高分子組成物。
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US201462047328P | 2014-09-08 | 2014-09-08 | |
US201462047283P | 2014-09-08 | 2014-09-08 | |
US62/047,328 | 2014-09-08 | ||
US62/047,283 | 2014-09-08 | ||
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