JP2017524067A - ガラス繊維サイジング組成物、サイズ処理されたガラス繊維、及びポリオレフィン複合体 - Google Patents
ガラス繊維サイジング組成物、サイズ処理されたガラス繊維、及びポリオレフィン複合体 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2017524067A JP2017524067A JP2017527198A JP2017527198A JP2017524067A JP 2017524067 A JP2017524067 A JP 2017524067A JP 2017527198 A JP2017527198 A JP 2017527198A JP 2017527198 A JP2017527198 A JP 2017527198A JP 2017524067 A JP2017524067 A JP 2017524067A
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Abstract
Description
本出願は、2014年8月7日に出願された米国仮特許出願第62/034414号の優先権を主張する。この米国仮特許出願はここに完全に記載されているかのように本明細書に組み込まれる。本出願はまた、2014年8月7日に出願された欧州特許出願第14306252.9号の優先権を主張する。この欧州特許出願はここに完全に記載されているかのように本明細書に参照により組み込まれる。
本発明は、一般にガラス繊維のためのサイジング組成物に、及び特にジシクロペンタジエン(DCPD)樹脂を含むポリオレフィン製品を補強するのに適したガラス繊維のためのサイジング組成物に関する。
δT=δD 2+δP 2+δH 2
(式中、
δT=総ヒルデブラントパラメーター
δD=分散成分
δP=極性成分
δH=水素結合成分)
・少なくとも成分(A)〜(D)を組み合わせて組成物を生成する工程、及び
・環状オレフィンのオレフィンメタセシス反応、及び化合物(C)のラジカル重合を促進するのに有効な条件に組成物を供する工程を含む製造方法に関する。
・硬化性組成物を接着基材と接触させる工程、及び
・組成物及び接着基材との間の結合を提供する条件に硬化性組成物を供する工程を含む。
・180℃を超えるASTM D7028−07elに基づくガラス転移温度(Tg)、
・50MPaを超えるISO 14125に基づく横断する3点曲げ強度、及び
・800J/m2を超えるISO 15024に基づくG1c
の少なくとも1つを満足する複合体成形品に関する。
表2〜4の実施例1〜6、8及び10〜15に示されるサイジング組成物を調製するために、指定量のポリブタジエンポリマー、乳化剤、及び非イオン性界面活性剤を副混合槽に加えた。内容物を華氏150度に加熱した。高剪断混合条件下で、指定量の熱い脱イオン水を副混合槽にゆっくり加えた。水の添加の間、混合物は油中水型エマルジョンから水中油型エマルジョンに転化した。実施例7では、指定量の熱水及びアンモニアを含有する副混合槽にポリブタジエンポリマーCを連続的に攪拌しながら加え、透明な溶液が生成され、これを主混合槽に加えた。実施例9のスチレン−ブタジエンコポリマーは、エマルジョンとして供給され、主混合槽に直接加えられた。
表2〜4のサイジング組成物の各々を以下の方法で繊維ガラスストランドに塗布した。16μmの公称フィラメント直径を有する繊維ガラスフィラメントを、ブシングを用いて生成させ、次いでサイジング塗布器を用いて表2〜4のサイジング組成物の1つで少なくとも部分的にコーティングした。繊維ガラスの公称強熱減量は0.5質量%であった。繊維ガラスフィラメントをストランドに集め、次いでワインダー上の成形パッケージに巻き取った。実施例1及び2の各ストランドは、1984テックスの公称質量を有する4,000フィラメントを含んでいた。誘電乾燥を用いてストランドを乾燥させた。実施例3〜15の各ストランドは、600テックスの公称質量を有する1,200フィラメントを含んでいた。ストランドを40℃で乾燥させた。
2種類のガラス繊維が用いられた。それらは、表2の実施例1のサイジング組成物で少なくとも部分的にコーティングされ、pDCPD樹脂と適合性があるサンプル1と、PPG社の市販の1383結合剤で少なくとも部分的にコーティングされ、エポキシ樹脂と適合性がある比較例Aである。繊維ガラスの公称強熱減量は0.55質量%であった。両種類のガラスは、公称フィラメント直径が16μmで、公称質量が1984テックスである繊維からロービング(直接引出)として調製した。ロービングを誘電乾燥を用いて乾燥させた。複数のロービングは、827g/m2の面密度を有する平織りの織物に織り込まれた。用いられたマトリックス材料は、テレーヌ社から供給されるpDCPD配合物(以下、F2.06と示す)、及び標準エポキシ樹脂(Dyteck DCH 99硬化剤を含むエピコート828 LVEL)であった。
単方向サンプルの横断する3点曲げ(3pb)試験は、ISO 14125規格に従って行われ、繊維サイジング/マトリックスの3つの組み合わせ:F2.06 pDCPDマトリックスと組み合わせたサンプル1ガラス、エポキシマトリックスと組み合わせた比較例Aガラス、及びF2.06 pDCPD樹脂と組み合わせた比較例Aガラスについて、繊維とマトリックスとの間の結合の質の指標を提供した。1mm/分のクロスヘッド変位速度を用いた。
水冷ダイヤモンドソーにより織物積層体から切り取った試料を、ASTM D3039及びD3479規格による静的試験及び疲労引張試験に使用した。静的試験中の歪み測定は、デジタル画像相関法によって行った。2mm/分の試験速度を使用した。疲労試験は、160kN水圧シェンク(160kN hydraulic Schenck)で荷重制御モードで行った。疲労頻度は5Hzであり、R比は0.1であった。コードモジュラス(chord modulus)は、各サイクルの変位の差に対する荷重の差の比として決定した。
直径16mm及び質量3.120kgの半球状インパクターを用いて、織物積層体から切断した10×10cm2の試料に対して落錘衝撃試験を行った。落下高さは49cm及び81.5cmであり、すなわち衝撃位置エネルギーはそれぞれ15及び25ジュールであった。衝撃損傷の評価は、透過光の助けを借りた目視検査、及び超音波C−スキャンによって行った。
サイズ処理された繊維ガラスストランドの層間剪断強さ(ILSS)、屈曲強度及び/又は屈曲モジュラスを測定した。層間剪断強度は、ISO 14130試験方法を用いて測定した。屈曲強度は、を用いて測定した。屈曲モジュラスはISO 3597試験法を用いて測定した。その結果を表8に示す。
ここで、実施例及び比較例を参照して具体的に本発明を説明するが、本発明はこれらの実施例に限定されるものではない。特に断りがない限り、実施例及び比較例における「部」及び「%」は質量に基づくことに留意すべきである。
3点曲げ:ISO 14125
ガラス転移温度Tg:ASTM D7028−07el
引張試験:ASTM 3039
濡れ性:目視検査による
品質評価:X線断層撮影(nanotom)
圧縮強度:ASTM 3410
溶解度パラメーターは、チャールズ・ハンセンのハンセン溶解度パラメーター、ユーザーズ・ハンドブック第2版,2007年からに基づく“HSPiP−実践のハンセン溶解度パラメーター”ソフトウェア(http://hansen-solubility.com)を用いて計算した。
引張疲労試験:ASTM 3479
層間破壊靭性(G1C):ISO 15024
衝撃後圧縮:ISO 18352
ハンド引抜成形サンプル(FI PDCPD−T48ガラス)を、製造方法(空隙率、繊維配向等)の品質を評価するため、X線断層撮影(nanotom)で分析した。
繊維とマトリックスとの間の接着強度の指標を提供するために、横断する3点曲げ試験を繊維サイジングマトリックスの4つの組み合わせについて行った。水冷式ダイヤモンドソーを用いて広い一方向ロッドから試験試料を切断し、切断による損傷を除去するためにその縁を磨いた。各々の材料の組み合わせについて8つのサンプルを試験した。
試験の詳細
・インストロン5567機を用いて1kNの荷重容量で試験を行った。
・ISO規格14125に従った。
・基準試料寸法:70×10×2mm,繊維方向はサンプル軸に垂直
・スパン長さ:40mm
・試験速度:1mm/分
試験の詳細
・約8×4mm2、アルミニウム1.5mmエンドタブ、サンプルゲージ長さ15mmのサンプル断面
・インストロン5985を用いて試験を実施した。
・ASTM 3410規格に従った。
・試験速度:1.5mm/分
・歪み測定:デジタル画像相関,Limessスナップショットシステム
・“Huntsman”インパクターを用いて16mm小型容器で試験を実施した。
・衝撃エネルギー(位置エネルギー):15.00及び25.00ジュール
・落下高さ:49cm〜81.5cm
・インパクター質量:3.120kg
・サンプル寸法:10×10cm2
試験の詳細
・インストロン4505を用いて100kNの荷重容量で試験を実施した。
・ASTM 3039規格に従った。
・試験速度:2mm/分
・歪み測定:デジタル画像相関,Limess3Dシステム
試験の詳細
・160kNの油圧シェンクを用いて試験を実施した。
・ASTM 3479規格、長方形の試料,エンドタブに従った。
・試験周波数:5Hz
・R−比:0.1(最大疲労応力に対する最小疲労応力の比)
試験の詳細:中央に亀裂が開始したフィルム(アルミ箔)で型板の周りに巻き付けられたロービングの注入によって作られた単方向複合体積層板。サンプルは、上下にアルミニウム棒を接着することによって厚くされた。
試験片寸法:20×200mm2
試験規格:ISO 15024
試験の詳細:F2.06又はエポキシを注入した平織りガラス繊維織物の4層からなる複合体積層板。
試験片寸法:150×100×4.3mm2
試験規格:ISO 18352
選択されたポリマーの溶解度パラメーターを表9に示す。溶解度パラメーターは、チャールズ M.ハンセンによって開発された3つのパラメーターシステムに基づいて計算された。計算は、HSPiPソフトウェア(http://hansen-solubility.com)を用いて行われた。
DCPDモノマー単位89.9g、2,2−ビス[(メタクリロイルオキシ)メチル]ブチルメタクリレート(TMPTMA,シグマ−アルドリッチ社)(10%)10g、及び0.1質量%のtert−ブチルパーオキシド(TBP,シグマ−アルドリッチ社)を混合して、DCPD配合物を調製した。次に、トリイソプロピルホスファイト0.02gを含むルテニウムサリチルアルジミン触媒溶液1.2gを加えた。得られた溶液を室温で5分間撹拌した。
1質量%のtert−ブチルパーオキシド(シグマ−アルドリッチ社)と30%のTMPTMAを加えたことを除いて、実施例1と同様の方法に従って組成物を得た。
0.6質量%のtert−ブチルパーオキシド(TBP,シグマ−アルドリッチ社)を加えたことを除いて、実施例1と同様の方法に従って組成物を得た。
1.5質量%のtert−ブチルパーオキシドを加えたことを除いて、実施例1と同様の方法に従って組成物を得た。
3.0質量%のtert−ブチルパーオキシドを加えたことを除いて、実施例1と同様の方法に従って組成物を得た。
0.6質量%のtert−ブチルパーオキシドを加えたことを除いて、実施例1と同様の方法に従って組成物を得た。
1.5質量%のtert−ブチルパーオキシド(シグマ−アルドリッチ社)を加えたことを除いて、実施例1と同様の方法に従って組成物を得た。
5質量%のトリメチルプロパントリメタクリレート(TMPTMA,シグマ−アルドリッチ社)と0.3質量%のtert−ブチルパーオキシド(シグマ−アルドリッチ社)を加えたことを除いて、実施例1と同様の方法に従って組成物を得た。
5質量%のトリメチルプロパントリメタクリレート(TMPTMA,シグマ−アルドリッチ社)と0.6質量%のtert−ブチルパーオキシド(シグマ−アルドリッチ社)を加えたことを除いて、実施例1と同様の方法に従って組成物を得た。
10質量%のポリ(2−(アクリロイルオキシメチル)−2−エチルプロパン−1,3−ジイルジアクリレート)(TMPTA、SartomerSR 351)と0.6質量%のtert−ブチルパーオキシド(シグマ−アルドリッチ社)を加えたことを除いて、実施例1と同様の方法に従って組成物を得た。
10質量%のトリシクロ[5.2.1.02,6]デカン−3,3−ジイルビス(メチレン)ビス(2−メチルアクリレート)(TCDDMDMA、SartomerSR 834)と0.6質量%のtert−ブチルパーオキシド(シグマ−アルドリッチ社)を加えたことを除いて、実施例1と同様の方法に従って組成物を得た。
10質量%のトリシクロ[5.2.1.02,6]デカンジメタノールジアクリレート(TCDDMDA、SartomerSR 833S)と0.6質量%のtert−ブチルパーオキシド(シグマ−アルドリッチ社)を加えたことを除いて、実施例1と同様の方法に従って組成物を得た。
トリメチルプロパントリメタクリレートとtert−ブチルパーオキシドを本組成物に加えなかったことを除いて、実施例1と同様の方法に従って組成物を得た。
ガラス繊維が、PPG社から入手した標準サイジング(1383)を有するものであることを除いて、実施例3と同様の方法に従って組成物を得た。
複合体板中のマトリックス材料として、エピコート828エポキシ樹脂及びジアミノシクロヘキサン硬化剤組成物を用いた。
表10は、複合体試料の組成、及び熱抵抗に関する結果を表す。
Claims (33)
- シランと、反復単位が少なくとも4個の炭素原子及び少なくとも1つの炭素−炭素二重結合を含むポリマーを含むフィルム形成剤とを含むサイジング組成物で少なくとも部分的にコーティングされた複数のガラス繊維、並びに
(a)環状オレフィン、(b)前記環状オレフィンを重合させるためのメタセシス触媒、(c)0.1〜30質量%の少なくとも1つのビニル基を含む化合物、及び(d)0.1〜10質量%の化合物(c)のための硬化剤を組み合わせて硬化性組成物を生成する工程、及び前記環状オレフィンのオレフィンメタセシス反応、及び化合物(c)のラジカル重合を促進するのに有効な条件に前記硬化性組成物を供することで調製されたポリオレフィン
を含むポリオレフィン複合体。 - 前記少なくとも1つの炭素−炭素二重結合がポリマーの主鎖に存在する、請求項1に記載のポリオレフィン複合体。
- 前記ポリマーの反復単位が4〜6個の炭素原子及び1つの炭素−炭素二重結合を含む、請求項1又は2に記載のポリオレフィン複合体。
- 前記ポリマーの1つ以上の反復単位が少なくとも1つのペンダント基を含む、請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載のポリオレフィン複合体。
- 前記少なくとも1つのペンダント基が少なくとも1つのビニル基を含む、請求項4に記載のポリオレフィン複合体。
- 前記少なくとも1つのペンダント基が少なくとも1つの環状ペンダント基を含む、請求項4に記載のポリオレフィン複合体。
- 前記フィルム形成剤が15.9〜19.9MPa1/2のヒルデブラント溶解度パラメーターδTを有する、請求項1〜6のいずれかに記載のポリオレフィン複合体。
- 前記フィルム形成剤がポリブタジエンを含む、請求項1〜7のいずれかに記載のポリオレフィン複合体。
- 前記ポリブタジエン中の1つ以上の反復単位が少なくとも1つのペンダント基を含む、請求項8に記載のポリオレフィン複合体。
- 前記サイジング組成物が、総固形分に対して少なくとも約60質量%のポリブタジエンを含む、請求項8又は9に記載のポリオレフィン複合体。
- 前記ポリブタジエンが20,000未満の数平均分子量を有する、請求項8〜10のいずれかに記載のポリオレフィン複合体。
- 前記ポリブタジエンが10,000未満の数平均分子量を有する、請求項8〜11のいずれかに記載のポリオレフィン複合体。
- 前記フィルム形成剤がパラフィンワックスを含む、請求項1〜12のいずれかに記載のポリオレフィン複合体。
- 前記フィルム形成剤が、総固形分に対してのサイジング組成物の少なくとも約60質量%を構成する、請求項1〜13のいずれかに記載のポリオレフィン複合体。
- 第1のフィルム形成剤が、総固形分に対してのサイジング組成物の少なくとも約20質量%を構成する、請求項1〜14のいずれかに記載のポリオレフィン複合体。
- さらに第2のフィルム形成剤を含む、請求項15に記載のポリオレフィン複合体。
- 前記第2のフィルム形成剤が、総固形分に対して前記サイジング組成物の少なくとも約20質量%を構成する、請求項16に記載のポリオレフィン複合体。
- 前記シランが末端ビニル基を含む、請求項1〜17のいずれかに記載のポリオレフィン複合体。
- 前記シランがビニルベンジル基を含む、請求項1〜17のいずれかに記載のポリオレフィン複合体。
- 前記シランがビニルトリアルコキシシランを含む、請求項1〜17のいずれかに記載のポリオレフィン複合体。
- 前記シランがメタクリルオキシプロピルトリアルコキシシランを含む、請求項1〜17のいずれかに記載のポリオレフィン複合体。
- 前記シランが、総固形分に対して前記サイジング組成物の約5〜約20質量%を構成する、請求項1〜21のいずれかに記載のポリオレフィン複合体。
- 化合物(c)が15.4〜19.8MPa1/2のヒルデブラント溶解度パラメーターδTを有する、請求項1〜22のいずれかに記載のポリオレフィン複合体料。
- 前記ポリオレフィンが化合物(c)を3〜20質量%の量で含む、請求項1〜23のいずれかに記載のポリオレフィン複合体。
- 化合物(c)が(メタ)アクリレート化合物を含む、請求項1〜24のいずれかに記載のポリオレフィン複合体。
- 前記ポリオレフィンが前記硬化剤を0.2〜1質量%の量で含む、請求項1〜25のいずれかに記載のポリオレフィン複合体。
- 前記硬化剤がラジカル開始剤を含む、請求項1〜26のいずれかに記載のポリオレフィン複合体。
- 前記ラジカル開始剤が非環状パーオキシドを含む、請求項27に記載のポリオレフィン複合体。
- 前記環状オレフィンがジシクロペンタジエンを含む、請求項1〜28のいずれかに記載のポリオレフィン複合体。
- 請求項1〜29のいずれかに記載の前記ポリオレフィン複合体を含む、成形品。
- 請求項30に記載の成形品であって、
前記ポリオレフィン複合体が、
・180℃を超えるASTM D7028−07elに基づくガラス転移温度(Tg)、
・50MPaを超えるISO 14125に基づく横断する3点曲げ強度、又は
・800J/m2を超えるISO 15024に基づくG1c
の少なくとも1つの特性を有する成形品。 - 反復単位が4〜6個の炭素原子及び1つの炭素−炭素二重結合を含むポリマーを含むフィルム形成剤を、総固形分に対して約60〜約90質量%の量で含み、末端ビニル基を含むシランを、総固形分に対して約5〜約25質量%の量で含むサイジング組成物で少なくとも部分的にコーティングされた複数のガラス繊維、並びに
(a)環状オレフィン、(b)前記環状オレフィンを重合させるためのメタセシス触媒、(c)0.1〜30質量%の少なくとも1つのビニル基を含む化合物、及び(d)0.1〜10質量%の化合物(c)のための硬化剤を組み合わせて硬化性組成物を生成する工程、及び前記環状オレフィンのオレフィンメタセシス反応、及び化合物(c)のラジカル重合を促進するのに有効な条件に前記硬化性組成物を供することで調製されたポリオレフィン
を含むポリオレフィン複合体。 - 反復単位が4〜6個の炭素原子及び1つの炭素−炭素二重結合を含むポリマーを含むフィルム形成剤と、末端ビニル基を含むシランと、1つ以上の界面活性剤とから本質的になるサイジング組成物で少なくとも部分的にコーティングされた複数のガラス繊維、並びに
(a)環状オレフィン、(b)前記環状オレフィンを重合させるためのメタセシス触媒、(c)0.1〜30質量%の少なくとも1つのビニル基を含む化合物、及び(d)0.1〜10質量%の化合物(c)のための硬化剤を組み合わせて硬化性組成物を生成する工程、及び前記環状オレフィンのオレフィンメタセシス反応、及び化合物(c)のラジカル重合を促進するのに有効な条件に前記硬化性組成物を供することで調製されたポリオレフィン
を含むポリオレフィン複合体。
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EP14306252.9 | 2014-08-07 | ||
PCT/US2015/043922 WO2016022751A1 (en) | 2014-08-07 | 2015-08-06 | Glass fiber sizing compositions, sized glass fibers, and polyolefin composites |
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EP2982709B1 (en) | 2017-06-28 |
US20170275429A1 (en) | 2017-09-28 |
EP2982709A1 (en) | 2016-02-10 |
KR20170066326A (ko) | 2017-06-14 |
EP3177675B8 (en) | 2019-11-20 |
DK2982709T3 (en) | 2017-10-09 |
CN107109034A (zh) | 2017-08-29 |
PL3177682T3 (pl) | 2019-07-31 |
US10017615B2 (en) | 2018-07-10 |
EP3177682A1 (en) | 2017-06-14 |
US10336870B2 (en) | 2019-07-02 |
TR201904749T4 (tr) | 2019-04-22 |
KR20170047260A (ko) | 2017-05-04 |
PL2982709T3 (pl) | 2017-12-29 |
US20170233538A1 (en) | 2017-08-17 |
WO2016022751A1 (en) | 2016-02-11 |
EP3177675B1 (en) | 2019-10-09 |
ES2718578T3 (es) | 2019-07-02 |
EP3177675A4 (en) | 2018-03-14 |
ES2639302T3 (es) | 2017-10-26 |
JP2017525836A (ja) | 2017-09-07 |
CN107109034B (zh) | 2019-02-19 |
WO2016020261A1 (en) | 2016-02-11 |
EP3177682B1 (en) | 2019-01-02 |
DK3177682T3 (en) | 2019-04-15 |
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