JP2014029537A - ガラス大コア光ファイバ - Google Patents
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- G02B6/02004—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating characterised by the core effective area or mode field radius
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- G02B6/02295—Microstructured optical fibre
- G02B6/02314—Plurality of longitudinal structures extending along optical fibre axis, e.g. holes
- G02B6/02342—Plurality of longitudinal structures extending along optical fibre axis, e.g. holes characterised by cladding features, i.e. light confining region
- G02B6/02361—Longitudinal structures forming multiple layers around the core, e.g. arranged in multiple rings with each ring having longitudinal elements at substantially the same radial distance from the core, having rotational symmetry about the fibre axis
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
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Abstract
【解決手段】光ファイバ100は、コア領域101と、コア領域101を囲繞するN>2層の低屈折率特徴102とを含む全ガラス・フォトニック結晶ファイバ(PCF)であって、実質的に、コア領域101によって境界を定められた領域の中で、基本モードを伝播しかつ誘導するように構成されている、全ガラス・フォトニック結晶ファイバ(PCF)である。
【選択図】図1B
Description
図15〜18は、閉込め損失対ファイバ直径、被覆屈折率、および波長を示す例を図示している。直径の選択が損失に影響を及ぼす可能性があること、および、第2次モードに対するより高い損失と基本モードに対するより低い損失の両方を生じるように(または、ほぼそのように)直径が最適化されている状態での動作が有益である可能性があること、が開示された。有限なファイバ直径、ファイバ直径の相対的変化、光ファイバの被覆、および波長が、また、様々なやり方でモード・プロファイルに影響を及ぼす可能性がある。
以下のパラグラフは、受動PCFとLCFパワー増幅器の両方の性能の例を示す。興味深いいくつかのパラメータには、曲げによるビーム品質および損失の変化、伝播の波長依存性、および応力光学効果による屈折率変化がある。
図1bおよび1cのようにクラッド特徴が単一の層(例えば、リング)で配置されている様々な実施形態では、d/∧の一般的な値は、約0.65〜0.9、0.7〜0.9、または0.75〜0.85の範囲にあることがある。いくつかの実施形態で、特徴の少なくとも第2の層(N≧2)は、クラッド特徴102の向こうに配置されることがあり、いくつかの場合にd/∧の一般的な値は、約0.3〜0.9、0.4〜0.8、0.5〜0.7、または0.5〜0.8の範囲にあることがある。d/∧の他の範囲が、クラッド特徴の層のどれかに使用されることがある。2以上の層のクラッド特徴が使用される場合、比d/∧は、クラッド特徴の層ごとに異なることがある(しかし、異なる必要はない)。
図19に戻って、この図は、従来のフォトニック結晶ファイバと数層のホールで区別されるN=3のLCFの実施形態を示す。
T0=(2*ω1*ω2)2/(ω1 2+ω2 2)2、dB損失=−10log10(T0)
ここで、ω1およびω2は、それぞれのモード直径である。上述の2つのファイバ3300、3320が直接結合(突合せ結合)される場合には、約11dBの損失が予想されるだろう。したがって、そのような損失を防ぐために、モード・フィールドを広げるか、そうでなければモード・フィールドを整合させるためのある機構が必要とされる。
Claims (43)
- コア領域と、
前記コア領域を取り囲むN>2層の低屈折率特徴とを備える全ガラス・フォトニック結晶ファイバ(PCF)であって、
実質的に前記コア領域によって境界を定められた領域の中で、基本モードを伝播しかつ誘導するように構成されている、全ガラス・フォトニック結晶ファイバ(PCF)。 - N=3である、請求項1に記載の全ガラスPCF。
- 前記コア領域の直径が約150μm未満であり、前記PCFの直径が約700μm以下である、請求項1に記載の全ガラスPCF。
- 前記低屈折率特徴が、フッ素添加ガラスを含む、請求項1に記載の全ガラスPCF。
- 第1の熱膨張係数を持つ第1のクラッド材料と、
前記第1のクラッド材料の中に配置された1つ又は複数の層のクラッド特徴とを備える全ガラス・ファイバであって、
前記クラッド特徴は、第2の熱膨張係数を持つ第2のクラッド材料を含み、
前記ファイバは、少なくとも1つのクラッド特徴に隣接した屈折率の局部的増加を有し、
前記コア領域の少なくとも一部内の屈折率差が、約1.0×10-3未満であるが、前記コア領域の前記少なくとも一部内の基本モードの屈折率導波を生じさせるだけ十分に大きいように、前記ファイバは、クラッド特徴の第1の内側の層によって境界を定められかつ不均一な屈折率プロファイルを持つ前記コア領域をさらに備える、全ガラス・ファイバ。 - 前記相対屈折率差が、応力光学効果によって生じている、請求項5に記載の全ガラス・ファイバ。
- 前記第1のクラッド材料がシリカを含み、前記第2のクラッド材料がフッ素添加シリカを含む、請求項5に記載の全ガラス・ファイバ。
- 前記コア領域の直径が、約30μmから約200μmの範囲にある、請求項1に記載の全ガラスPCF。
- 前記コア領域の直径が、約30μmから約200μmの範囲にある、請求項5に記載の全ガラス・ファイバ。
- 前記ファイバが、前記コア領域内を伝播する入力パルスのスペクトルを広げるように動作することができ、
前記パルスが、非線形閾値を超えるだけ十分に高い強度を持っている、請求項9に記載の全ガラス・ファイバ。 - 光パルスの光源と、
前記光源からパルスを受け取るように構成された単一モード又は数モード入力ファイバと、
前記入力ファイバに光学的に結合され、前記入力ファイバから前記パルスを受け取るように構成された大コア・ファイバとを備えるファイバ光学システムであって、
前記大コア・ファイバは、約30μmから約200μmの範囲のコア寸法を持ち、
前記大コア・ファイバと前記入力ファイバは、前記入力ファイバのコアが広げられそれで前記入力ファイバのコアから前記大コア・ファイバのコアに結合されるパワーが突合せ結合で得られるものよりも実質的に大きくなるように、つなぎ合わされ、
前記入力ファイバの出力のモードが、前記大コア・ファイバの基本モードに実質的に整合されている、ファイバ光学システム。 - 請求項11に記載のファイバ光学システムを含むレーザ・レーダ。
- 請求項11に記載のファイバ光学システムを含む材料処理システム。
- 請求項11に記載のファイバ光学システムを含む電気通信システム。
- 前記単一モード又は数モード入力ファイバ及び前記大コア・ファイバの少なくとも1つが、希土類添加され、その中を伝播するパルスを増幅するための利得ファイバとして構成されている、請求項11に記載のファイバ光学システム。
- 第1の屈折率n1を持つ第1のクラッド材料を有する第1のクラッド領域であって、前記第1のクラッド材料が石英ガラスを含む第1のガラスを有する、第1のクラッド領域と、
前記第1のクラッド領域内に配置され、第2の屈折率n2を持つ第2のクラッド材料を有する複数のクラッド特徴であって、n2はn1よりも小さく、前記第2のクラッド材料がフッ素添加石英ガラス又はホウ素添加石英ガラスを含む第2のガラスを有する、複数のクラッド特徴と、
前記複数のクラッド特徴によって少なくとも部分的に囲まれたコア領域とを備え、
前記第1のクラッド領域及び前記複数のクラッド特徴は、前記コア領域が、ある波長を持つ少なくとも1つのより低次のモードを伝播させ、一方、前記波長で、前記波長を持つ少なくとも1つのより高次のモードに、前記少なくとも1つのより低次のモードよりも高い損失を生じさせることによって、前記少なくとも1つのより高次のモードの伝播を制限するように構成されている、ファイバ。 - 前記第1のクラッド領域は、約125μmから約300μmの範囲の寸法を有する、請求項16に記載のファイバ。
- 前記コア領域は、約30μmから約200μmの範囲の寸法を有する、請求項16に記載のファイバ。
- ファイバ出力のモード・プロファイルは、前記モード・プロファイルのパワー半値領域の実質的な部分で、ほぼ回折で制限されている、請求項16に記載のファイバ。
- 前記複数のクラッド特徴の少なくとも1つは、非回転対称である、請求項16に記載のファイバ。
- (n1−n2)/n1により特徴付けられる相対的屈折率差は、約4.5×10-3未満である、請求項16に記載のファイバ。
- 前記相対的屈折率差は、約1.0×10-3未満である、請求項21に記載のファイバ。
- 前記第1のクラッド領域の上に配置された励起用クラッドをさらに含む、請求項16に記載のファイバ。
- 前記励起用クラッドが、低屈折率ガラスを含む、請求項23に記載のファイバ。
- 前記低屈折率ガラスが、フッ素を含む、請求項24に記載のファイバ。
- 前記励起用クラッドが、エア・ホールの層を含む、請求項23に記載のファイバ。
- 前記ファイバは、光利得、励起用クラッド、及び励起ガイドを提供するドープされたコアを含み、
前記励起用クラッド又は前記励起ガイドの少なくとも一部は、非回転対称部を含み、
前記非回転対称部が、前記励起用クラッド上での励起用ビーム入射のモード混合を増加させるよう構成されている、請求項16に記載のファイバ。 - 前記複数のクラッド特徴が寸法d及び間隔∧を有し、比d/∧が、約0.3から約0.9の範囲にある、請求項16に記載のファイバ。
- 前記比d/∧が、約0.4から約0.8の範囲にある、請求項28に記載のファイバ。
- 前記比d/∧は、(n1−n2)/n1により特徴付けられる相対的屈折率差を少なくとも部分的に生じさせるように選択され、前記相対的屈折率差は、前記コア領域の少なくとも一部内で5×10-4未満であるが、前記コア領域の前記少なくとも一部内で基本モードの屈折率導波を生じさせるだけ十分に大きい、請求項28に記載のファイバ。
- 前記第1のクラッド材料は、第1の熱膨張係数を有し、
前記第2のクラッド材料は、第2の熱膨張係数を有し、
前記第1の熱膨張係数及び前記第2の熱膨張係数は、前記相対的屈折率差を少なくとも部分的に生じさせるよう選択される、請求項30に記載のファイバ。 - 前記第1のクラッド領域は、前記第1の屈折率及び前記第2の屈折率とは異なる屈折率を有する応力要素をさらに含む、請求項16に記載のファイバ。
- 前記ファイバは、偏光保持ファイバとして構成され、
前記複数のクラッド特徴及び応力要素の寸法、配列および数の1つ又は組合せが、ビームの偏光を保持する間に前記高い損失を生じさせる、請求項32に記載のファイバ。 - 単一モード又は数モードファイバを含む入力ファイバと組み合わされた、請求項16に記載のファイバであって、
請求項16に記載のファイバは、前記コア領域の寸法が約30μmから約200μmの範囲にある、大コア漏れチャネル・ファイバとして構成され、
前記大コア漏れチャネル・ファイバは、前記入力ファイバの出力端に接続された入力端を有し、
前記入力ファイバの出力端及び前記大コア漏れチャネル・ファイバの入力端は、(i)前記出力端における前記入力ファイバのコアが、広げられることが可能であり、(ii)前記入力ファイバの前記広げられることが可能なコアから前記漏れチャネル・ファイバへ接続される光信号パワーが、突合せ結合で得ることができるものよりも実質的に大きくなるように、構成可能である、請求項16に記載のファイバ。 - 光パルスの光源と、
前記光源からパルスを受け取るように構成された単一モード又は数モード入力ファイバと、
前記入力ファイバに光学的に接続され、前記入力ファイバから前記パルスを受け取るように構成された請求項16に記載のファイバと、を備えるファイバ光学システムであって、
請求項16に記載の前記ファイバ及び前記入力ファイバは、前記入力ファイバのコアが広げられ、前記入力ファイバのコアから前記コア領域に接続されるパワーが突合せ結合で得ることができるものよりも実質的に大きくなるように、つなぎ合わされ、
前記入力ファイバの出力におけるモードは、請求項16に記載の前記ファイバの基本モードに実質的に整合されている、ファイバ光学システム。 - 請求項35に記載の前記ファイバ光学システムを含むレーザ・レーダ。
- 請求項35に記載の前記ファイバ光学システムを含む材料処理システム。
- 請求項35に記載の前記ファイバ光学システムを含む電気通信システム。
- 前記単一モード又は数モード入力ファイバ及び請求項16に記載の前記ファイバのうちの少なくとも1つは、希土類添加され、その内部を伝播するパルスを増幅する利得ファイバとして構成されている、請求項35に記載のファイバ光学システム。
- ほぼ回折で制限された入力空間プロファイルを持つ光パルスを供給する光パルス源と、
光励起源と、
請求項16に記載の前記ファイバとを備えるファイバ光増幅器システムであって、
前記コア領域の少なくとも一部が希土類添加され、
前記ファイバが、さらに、前記光励起源から励起エネルギーを受け取るように構成された励起用クラッドと、前記受け取られた励起エネルギーの一部を前記コア領域に伝えるための励起ガイドとを含み、
前記ファイバが、ほぼ回折で制限された出力空間プロファイルを持つ出力パルスと、約10μJから約10mJの範囲のエネルギーを持つ少なくとも1つの出力パルスとを生成するために、前記パルスを受け取りさらに前記パルスを増幅するように構成されている、ファイバ光増幅器システム。 - 前記出力パルスの繰返し率が、約1kHzを超える、請求項40に記載のファイバ光増幅器システム。
- 前記少なくとも1つの出力パルスのパルス幅が、約1ns未満である、請求項40に記載の光増幅器システム。
- 請求項40に記載の前記ファイバ光増幅器システムと、
材料上又は材料内にスポットを生成するためのビーム伝達光学部品を含む光学システムとを備え、
前記スポットが約1μmから約250μmの範囲のスポット径を有する、レーザに基づいた材料処理システム。
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KR20190056780A (ko) * | 2017-11-17 | 2019-05-27 | 대한광통신 주식회사 | 대면적 모드 분포를 가지는 광섬유 |
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US20100157418A1 (en) | 2010-06-24 |
US8159742B2 (en) | 2012-04-17 |
CN101809475B (zh) | 2013-04-24 |
EP2201415A1 (en) | 2010-06-30 |
CN103246014B (zh) | 2015-12-23 |
CN103246014A (zh) | 2013-08-14 |
CN101809475A (zh) | 2010-08-18 |
EP2201415B1 (en) | 2019-07-03 |
JP5662151B2 (ja) | 2015-01-28 |
JP2010541006A (ja) | 2010-12-24 |
US9632243B2 (en) | 2017-04-25 |
US8995051B2 (en) | 2015-03-31 |
EP2201415A4 (en) | 2014-07-02 |
US20120188632A1 (en) | 2012-07-26 |
WO2009042347A1 (en) | 2009-04-02 |
US20170322370A1 (en) | 2017-11-09 |
US10353144B2 (en) | 2019-07-16 |
US20150241628A1 (en) | 2015-08-27 |
JP5921504B2 (ja) | 2016-05-24 |
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