JP2014011212A - 半導体装置およびそれを用いた電力変換装置 - Google Patents
半導体装置およびそれを用いた電力変換装置 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 85
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 title description 8
- 229910021420 polycrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229920005591 polysilicon Polymers 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 18
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 145
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229920002120 photoresistant polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001312 dry etching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007257 malfunction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000059 patterning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002123 temporal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
【解決手段】トレンチゲートが間隔の狭い領域と広い領域を設けるように配置され、間隔が狭い領域にはチャネル領域を設け、間隔が広い領域には、エミッタ電極に電気的に接続された電極を有するトレンチを設けることで、フローティングp層を削除しても、帰還容量を低減できかつ耐圧が保持できる。
【選択図】 図1
Description
図1に、本発明の実施例1であるIGBTの断面構造を示す。
図5は、本発明の実施例2であるIGBTの断面構造を示す。本実施例2において、トレンチ120の中で、トレンチ117に近い両端のみを残し、両端のトレンチ120の間にはフローティングp層105を設けている。両端以外のトレンチ120を削除することでトレンチの数が低減できるので、プロセス歩留まりが向上できると共にコレクタ−エミッタ間容量が低減できる。両端以外のトレンチ120を削除しても、フローティングp層105を設けることで、コーナ部の電界を緩和できる。また、ターンオン時にフローティングp層105の電位が持ち上がっても、ゲート電極110とフローティングp層105間にはn-ドリフト層104が介在するためゲート電極110とフローティングp層105は離れているので、ゲート電位には影響を与えず、dv/dtの制御性を向上できる。
図6は、本発明の実施例3であるIGBTの断面構造を示す。本実施例3では、実施例2で設けたフローティングp層105の代わりに、トレンチ120よりも深いフローティングp層122を設けている。フローティングp層122を深く形成することで、トレンチ120のコーナ部の電界を緩和でき、高耐圧化が可能となる。
図7は、本発明の実施例4であるIGBTの断面構造を示す。本実施例4では、pチャネル層106の下部、すなわちpチャネル層106とn-ドリフト層104の間に、n層123が設けられている。すなわち、pチャネル層106およびp+コンタクト層108からなるp型半導体層に隣接するn型半導体層が、nバッファ層103、n-ドリフト層104およびn層123からなる。n層123はpチャネル層106とpn接合を形成する。n層123のキャリア濃度は、pチャネル層106よりも低く、n-ドリフト層104よりも高い。このn層123は、pチャネル層106およびp+コンタクト層108を通ってエミッタ電極114に流れ込むホールにとって障壁となるため、pチャネル層106近傍のn-ドリフト層104におけるホール濃度が増加し、オン電圧の低減が可能となる。
図8は、本発明の実施例5であるIGBTの断面構造を示す。本実施例5では、n層123の下部、すなわちn層123とn-ドリフト層104の間に、さらにp層124が設けられている。すなわち、nバッファ層103、n-ドリフト層104およびn層123からなるn型半導体層に隣接するp型半導体層が、p層124、pチャネル層106およびp+コンタクト層108からなる。p層124はn層123とpn接合を形成する。前述した実施例4では、n層123のキャリア濃度を高めるほど、ホールに対する障壁が高くなりオン電圧の低減効果は高まるが、オフ時のn層123での電界強度が強くなり、耐圧に影響する。本実施例5では、p層124を追加することで、n層123での電界強度が緩和され、n層123のキャリア濃度を高くしても耐圧が保持できるので、更なるオン電圧の低減が可能となる。
図9は、本発明の実施例6である電力変換装置の主回路を示す。本実施例6は、インバータ装置であり、601はゲート駆動回路、602は上述した実施例1〜5のいずれかのIGBT、603はIGBTに逆並列に接続されるダイオード、604および605は一対の直流入力端子、606、607および608は交流出力端子である。本実施例は、交流の相数が3相のため、3個の交流出力端子を備える。各IGBTは、交流出力端子のいずれかと直流入力端子のいずれかの間に接続される。IGBTがオン・オフスイッチングすることにより、直流電力が交流電力に変換される。
22 ウエル領域
24、117、120、425 トレンチ
25、109 ゲート絶縁膜
26、110、427 ゲート電極
27 ソース領域
28、114 エミッタ電極
29、39 絶縁領域
30 コレクタ領域
31、100 コレクタ電極
101 コレクタ端子
102 pコレクタ層
103 nバッファ層
104 n-ドリフト層
105 フローティングp層
106 pチャネル層
107 n+エミッタ層
108 p+コンタクト層
113 層間絶縁膜
115 ゲート端子
116 エミッタ端子
118 埋め込み電極
119、420a、420b 絶縁膜
121 電極
122 フローティングp層
123 n層
124 p層
201 表面酸化膜
202、204、206 ホトレジスト
203、205 ポリシリコン
301 抵抗
400 半導体装置
412 nドリフト層
414 n+基板
416 pベース層
418 n+ソース層
428a 埋め込みソース電極
428b ソース電極
430 ドレイン電極
601 ゲート駆動回路
602 IGBT
603 ダイオード
604、605 直流入力端子
606、607、608 交流出力端子
Claims (13)
- 第1導電型の第1半導体層と、
前記第1半導体層に隣接する第2導電型の第2半導体層と、
複数の第1のトレンチと、
前記複数の第1トレンチ内に設けられるゲート電極と、
前記第1トレンチ間に位置する第1領域および前記第1領域よりも前記第1トレンチ間の間隔が広い第2領域と、を備え、
前記第1領域においては、
前記第2半導体層に隣接する前記第1導電型の第3半導体層と、
前記第3半導体層に隣接する前記第2導電型の第4半導体層と、
を備え、
前記ゲート電極は、前記第1トレンチ内において、前記第3半導体層、前記第4半導体層および前記第2半導体層の各表面上に、第1絶縁膜を介して設けられ、
前記第1半導体層に低抵抗接触する第1電極と、
前記第3半導体層および前記第4半導体層に低抵抗接触する第2電極と、
を備える半導体装置において、
前記第2領域においては、
複数の第2トレンチと、
前記複数の第2トレンチ内において、トレンチ側壁との間に第2絶縁膜を介して設けられ、前記第2電極と電気的に接続される第3の電極と、
を備え、
前記第1トレンチと前記第2トレンチとの間には前記第2半導体層が介在することを特徴とする半導体装置。 - 請求項1に記載される半導体装置において、前記第1トレンチ内における前記ゲート電極の下部に、トレンチ側壁との間に第3絶縁膜を介して設けられ、前記第2電極に電気的に接続される第4電極が設けられることを特徴とする半導体装置。
- 請求項1に記載の半導体装置において、前記第2絶縁膜の厚さは、前記第1絶縁膜の厚さよりも厚いことを特徴とする半導体装置。
- 請求項2に記載の半導体装置において、前記第2絶縁膜および前記第3絶縁膜の厚さは、前記第1絶縁膜の厚さよりも厚いことを特徴とする半導体装置。
- 請求項1または請求項2に記載の半導体装置において、前記第1トレンチに隣接する前記第2トレンチと前記第1トレンチとの距離は、前記第1トレンチ間の距離以下であることを特徴とする半導体装置。
- 請求項1または請求項2に記載の半導体装置において、前記第2領域において、前記第2トレンチ間に、前記第2導電型のフローティングの第5半導体層を設けることを特徴とする半導体装置。
- 請求項6に記載の半導体装置において、前記第5半導体層の深さは、第2トレンチの深さよりも深いことを特徴とする半導体装置。
- 請求項1に記載の半導体装置において、前記ゲート電極および前記第3電極はポリシリコンからなることを特徴とする半導体装置。
- 請求項2に記載の半導体装置において、前記ゲート電極および前記第3電極並びに第4電極はポリシリコンからなることを特徴とする半導体装置。
- 請求項1または請求項2に記載の半導体装置において、前記第2半導体層は、前記第1半導体層に隣接する第1部分と前記第1部分に隣接する第2部分を含み、前記第1部分のキャリア濃度は前記第2部分のキャリア濃度よりも高いことを特徴とする半導体装置。
- 請求項1または請求項2に記載の半導体装置において、前記第2半導体層は、前記第3半導体層に隣接する第1部分と前記第1部分に隣接する第2部分を含み、前記第1部分のキャリア濃度は前記第2部分のキャリア濃度よりも高いことを特徴とする半導体装置。
- 請求項1または請求項2に記載の半導体装置において、前記第3半導体層内には前記第2導電型の第5半導体層が設けられ、前記第5半導体層のキャリア濃度は前記第2半導体層のキャリア濃度よりも高いことを特徴とする半導体装置。
- 一対の直流端子と、
相数に等しい個数の交流端子と、
直流端子と交流端子との間に接続される複数の半導体スイッチング素子と、
を備える電力変換装置において、
前記複数の半導体スイッチング素子の各々が請求項1乃至12のいずれか1項に記載の半導体装置であることを特徴とする電力変換装置。
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US13/928,894 US8653606B2 (en) | 2012-06-28 | 2013-06-27 | Semiconductor device and power conversion device using same |
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