JP2012533629A - ヒト胚性幹細胞の分化 - Google Patents
ヒト胚性幹細胞の分化 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2012533629A JP2012533629A JP2012521698A JP2012521698A JP2012533629A JP 2012533629 A JP2012533629 A JP 2012533629A JP 2012521698 A JP2012521698 A JP 2012521698A JP 2012521698 A JP2012521698 A JP 2012521698A JP 2012533629 A JP2012533629 A JP 2012533629A
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、米国特許公開番号第61/226,923号(2009年7月20日出願)に対する優先権を請求する。
本発明は、膵内分泌前駆細胞集団を動物に移植することにより、動物の血糖値を低下させる方法を提供する。
幹細胞は、単一の細胞レベルにて自己複製し、分化して後代細胞を生成する、それら両方の能力で定義される未分化細胞であり、後代細胞としては、自己複製前駆細胞、非再生前駆細胞、及び最終分化細胞が挙げられる。幹細胞はまた、in vitroで複数の胚葉(内胚葉、中胚葉及び外胚葉)から様々な細胞系の機能的細胞へと分化する能力によって、また移植後に複数の胚葉の組織を生じ、胚盤胞への注入後、全部ではないとしてもほとんどの組織を提供する能力によっても、特徴付けられる。
多能性幹細胞の特徴付け
多能性幹細胞は、ステージ特異的胚抗原(SSEA)3及び4、並びにTra−1−60及びTra−1−81と呼ばれる抗体によって検出可能なマーカーのうちの1つ以上を発現している(Thomsonら、Science 282:1145,1998)。in vitroで多能性幹細胞を分化させると、SSEA−4、Tra−1−60、及びTra−1−81の発現が減少し(存在する場合)、SSEA−1の発現が上昇する。未分化の多能性幹細胞は通常アルカリホスファターゼ活性を有し、これは、細胞を4%パラホルムアルデヒドで固定した後、製造業者(Vector Laboratories(Burlingame Calif.))によって記載されるようにVectorRedを基質として現像することによって検出することができる。未分化の多能性幹細胞はまた、RT−PCRで検出されるように、典型的にOct−4及びTERTも発現している。
使用が可能な多能性幹細胞の種類としては、妊娠期間中の任意の時期(必ずしもではないが、通常は妊娠約10〜12週よりも前)に採取した前胚性組織(例えば胚盤胞など)、胚性組織、胎児組織などの、妊娠後に形成される組織に由来する多能性細胞の株化細胞系が挙げられる。非限定的な例は、例えばヒト胚幹細胞株H1、H7、及びH9(WiCell)などのヒト胚幹細胞又はヒト胚生殖細胞の確立株である。それらの細胞の最初の樹立又は安定化中に本開示の組成物を使用することも想定され、その場合、供給源となる細胞は、供給源となる組織から直接採取した一次多能性細胞であろう。フィーダー細胞の不在下で既に培養された多能性幹細胞集団から採取した細胞も好適である。例えば、BG01v(BresaGen、Athens、GA)などの変異ヒト胚性幹細胞株も好適である。
一実施形態では、多能性幹細胞は、典型的にはフィーダー細胞の層上で培養され、このフィーダー細胞は、多能性幹細胞を様々な方法で支持する。あるいは、多能性幹細胞を、フィーダー細胞を本質的に含まないにも関わらず、細胞を実質的に分化させることなく多能性幹細胞の増殖を支持するような培養システム中で培養する。フィーダー細胞不含培養における多能性幹細胞の、分化を伴わない増殖は、あらかじめ他の細胞種を培養することにより馴化培地を使用して支持される。あるいはフィーダー細胞不含培養における多能性幹細胞の分化を伴わない増殖は、合成培地を使用して支持される。
一実施形態では、本発明は、以下の工程a〜dを含む、膵内分泌前駆細胞の産生方法を提供する:
a.多能性幹細胞を培養する工程、
b.多能性幹細胞を、胚体内胚葉系に特徴的なマーカーを発現している細胞へと分化させる工程、
c.胚体内胚葉系に特徴的なマーカーを発現している細胞を、膵臓内胚葉系に特徴的なマーカーを発現している細胞へと分化させる工程、
d.胚体内胚葉系に特徴的なマーカーを発現している細胞を、膵内分泌前駆細胞へと分化させる工程。
多能性幹細胞は、当該技術分野のいかなる方法、又は本発明で提案されるいかなる方法によって胚体内胚葉系に特徴的なマーカーを発現する細胞へと分化させてもよい。
胚体内胚葉系に特徴的なマーカーを発現している細胞の形成は、以下の特定のプロトコルの前後に、マーカーの存在に関して試験することにより決定することができる。多能性幹細胞は、一般にこのようなマーカーを発現しない。したがって、多能性細胞の分化は、細胞がそれらの発現を開始した際に検出される。
胚体内胚葉系に特徴的なマーカーを発現している細胞は、当該技術分野の任意の方法、又は本発明で提案する任意の方法により、膵臓内胚葉系に特徴的なマーカーを発現している細胞へと分化し得る。
膵臓内胚葉系に特徴的なマーカーは、当業者に周知であり、膵臓内胚葉系の特徴を示す追加のマーカーが、継続して同定されている。これらのマーカーは、本発明に従って処理された細胞が分化して膵臓内胚葉系の特徴を示す性質を獲得したことを確認するために使用され得る。膵臓内胚葉系に特異的なマーカーとしては、例えば、HLXB9、PTF−1 α、PDX1、HNF6、HNF−1 βなどの転写因子の1つ以上のものの発現が挙げられる。
本発明の一態様では、膵臓内胚葉系に特徴的なマーカーを発現している細胞は、BMP阻害能を持つ因子及びTGF−β受容体Iキナーゼ阻害剤を添加した培地で膵臓内胚葉系に特徴的なマーカーを発現している細胞を培養することにより、膵内分泌前駆細胞に分化する。
一実施形態では、本発明の方法により産生した膵内分泌前駆細胞は、膵内分泌系に特徴的なマーカーを発現している細胞へと更に分化することができる。
一態様では、本発明は、I型糖尿病に罹患しているかあるいはI型糖尿病を発症するリスクを有する患者を治療する方法を提供する。一実施形態では、本方法は、多能性幹細胞を培養することと、多能性幹細胞をin vitroでβ細胞系に分化させることと、β細胞系の細胞を患者に移植することと、を包含する。代替的実施形態では、本方法は、多能性幹細胞を培養することと、多能性幹細胞をin vitroで膵内分泌前駆細胞に分化させることと、膵内分泌前駆細胞を患者に移植することと、を包含する。
膵内分泌前駆細胞集団の形成
ヒト胚性幹細胞株H1細胞を、MATRIGEL(1:30希釈)をコートしたプレート上で培養し、以下のプロトコルを使用して膵内分泌前駆細胞へと分化させた:
a.2%のBSA(カタログ#152401,MP Biomedical,Ohio)、100ng/mLのアクチビンA(R&D Systems,MN)、20ng/mLのWNT−3a(カタログ#1324−WN−002,R&D Systems,MN)及び8ng/mLのbFGF(カタログ#100−18B,PeproTech,NJ)を添加したRPMI培地(カタログ#22400,Invitrogen,Ca)で1日培養した後に、2%のBSA、100ng/mLのアクチビンA、8ng/mLのbFGFを添加したRPMI培地で更に2日間にわたって処理し(ステージ1)、次いで
b.2%のBSA及び50ng/mLのFGF7を添加したDMEM/F12(カタログ番号11330,Invitrogen,Ca)で3日間にわたって培養し(ステージ2)、次いで
c.1%のB27(#17504−044,Invitrogen,CA)、50ng/mLのFGF7、0.25μMのシクロパミン−KAAD(#239804,Calbiochem,CA)、2μMのレチノイン酸(RA)(Sigma,MO)及び100ng/mLのノギン(R&D Systems,MN)を添加した表1に記載の異なる基本培地を使用して4日間にわたって培養し(ステージ3)、次いで
d.1%のB27(Invitrogen,CA)、100ng/mLのノギン及び1μMのALK5阻害剤II(カタログ#616452,Calbiochem,Ca)を添加した、表1に記載の異なる基本培地を使用して3日間にわたって培養した(ステージ4)。
膵内分泌前駆細胞へのヒト胚性幹細胞の直接的な分化
ヒト胚性幹細胞株H1細胞を、MATRIGEL(1:30希釈)をコートしたプレート上で培養し、以下のプロトコルを使用して膵内分泌前駆細胞へと分化させた:
a.2%のBSA(カタログ#152401,MP Biomedical,Ohio)、100ng/mLのアクチビンA(R&D Systems,MN)、20ng/mLのWNT−3a(カタログ#1324−WN−002,R&D Systems,MN)及び8ng/mLのbFGF(カタログ#100−18B,PeproTech,NJ)を添加したRPMI培地(カタログ番号22400,Invitrogen,Ca)で1日処理した後に、2%のBSA、100ng/mLのアクチビンA、8ng/mLのbFGFを添加したRPMI培地で更に2日間にわたって培養し(ステージ1)、次いで
b.2%のBSA及び50ng/mLのFGF7を添加したDMEM/F12(カタログ番号11330,Invitrogen,Ca)で3日間にわたって培養し(ステージ2)、次いで
c.1%のB27(Invitrogen,CA)、50ng/mLのFGF7、0.25μMのシクロパミン−KAAD、2μMのレチノイン酸(RA)(Sigma,MO)及び100ng/mLのノギン(R&D Systems,MN)を添加したDMEM(高グルコース)で4日間にわたって培養し(ステージ3)、次いで
d.1%のB27(Invitrogen,CA)、100ng/mLのノギン及び1μMのALK5阻害剤II(カタログ#616452,Calbiochem,Ca)を添加したDMEM(高グルコース)で3日間にわたって培養し(ステージ4)、次いで
e.0.5%のITS(Invitrogen,CA)、0.1%のBSA、1μMのAlk5阻害剤II、100ng/mLのノギン及び20ng/mLのベータセルリン(R&D Systems,MN)を添加したDMEM(高グルコース)で5日間にわたって培養した(ステージ5)。
ヒト胚性幹細胞を膵内分泌前駆細胞へと直接的に分化させるための代替法
本実施例は、ヒト胚性幹細胞を膵内分泌前駆細胞へと分化させるための、Alk5阻害剤II(TGF−β受容体ファミリー阻害剤)を、B27などの培地添加物中に存在し得る、低濃度の外因性のレチノイド(例えばレチノール(ビタミンA))と共に用いる代替法を例示する。
a.2%のBSA、100ng/mLのアクチビンA、20ng/mLのWNT−3a、8ng/mLのbFGF添加したRPMI培地で1日処理した後に、2%のBSA、100ng/mLのアクチビンA、8ng/mLのbFGFを添加したRPMI培地で更に2日間にわたって培養し(ステージ1)、次いで
b.2%のBSA及び50ng/mLのFGF7を添加したDMEM/F12で3日間にわたって培養し(ステージ2)、次いで
c.1%のB27(Invitrogen,CA)、50ng/mLのFGF7、0.25μMのシクロパミン−KAAD、0.1μMのレチノイン酸(RA)及び100ng/mLのノギンを添加したDMEM(高グルコース)で4日間にわたって培養し(処理1、ステージ3)、次いで
d.1%のB27(Invitrogen,CA)、50ng/mLのFGF7、0.25μMのシクロパミン−KAAD、0.1μMのレチノイン酸(RA)、1μMのAlk5阻害剤及びノギン100ng/mLを添加したDMEM(高グルコース)で4日間にわたって培養し(処理2、ステージ3)、次いで
e.1%のB27(Invitrogen,CA)、50ng/mLのFGF7、0.25μMのシクロパミン−KAAD、1μMのAlk5阻害剤及び100ng/mLのノギンを添加したDMEM(高グルコース)で4日間にわたって培養し(処理3、ステージ3)、次いで
f.1%のB27(Invitrogen,CA)、50ng/mLのFGF7、0.25μMのシクロパミン−KAAD、2μMのレチノイン酸(RA)及び100ng/mLのノギンを添加したDMEM(高グルコース)で4日間にわたって培養し(処理4、ステージ3)、次いで
g.1%のB27(Invitrogen,CA)、100ng/mLのノギン及び1μMのALK5阻害剤IIを添加したDMEM(高グルコース)で8日間にわたって培養し(ステージ4)。
膵内分泌前駆細胞のIn Vivo成熟
継代数45のヒト胚性幹細胞株H1細胞を、MATRIGEL(1:30希釈)をコートしたプレート上で培養し、以下のプロトコルを使用して膵内分泌前駆細胞へと分化させた:
a.2%のBSA、100ng/mLのアクチビンA、20ng/mLのWNT−3a、8ng/mLのbFGFを添加したRPMI培地で1日処理した後に、2%のBSA、100ng/mLのアクチビンA及び8ng/mLのbFGFを添加したRPMI培地で更に2日間にわたって培養し(ステージ1)、次いで
b.2%のBSA及び50ng/mLのFGF7を添加したDMEM/F12で3日間にわたって培養し(ステージ2)、次いで
c.1%のB27、50ng/mLのFGF7、0.25μMのシクロパミン−KAAD、2μMのレチノイン酸(RA)及び100ng/mLのノギンを添加したDMEM(高グルコース)で4日間にわたって培養し(ステージ3)、次いで
d.1%のB27、100ng/mLのノギン及び1μMのALK5阻害剤IIを添加したDMEM(高グルコース)で3日間にわたって培養した(ステージ4)。
a.2%のBSA、100ng/mLのアクチビンA、20ng/mLのWNT−3a、8ng/mLのbFGFを添加したRPMI培地で1日処理した後に、2%のBSA、100ng/mLのアクチビンA及び8ng/mLのbFGFを添加したRPMI培地で更に2日間にわたって培養(ステージ1)、次いで
b.2%のBSA及び50ng/mLのFGF7を添加したDMEM/F12で3日間にわたって培養し(ステージ2)、次いで
c.1%のB27、50ng/mLのFGF7、0.25μMのシクロパミン−KAAD、2μMのレチノイン酸(RA)、100ng/mLのノギン及び1μMのAlk5阻害剤IIを添加したDMEM(高グルコース)で4日間にわたって培養し(ステージ3)、次いで
d.1%のB27、100ng/mLのノギン及び1μMのAlk5阻害剤IIを添加したDMEM(高グルコース)で3日間にわたって培養した(ステージ4)。
a.2%のBSA、100ng/mLのアクチビンA、20ng/mLのWNT−3a、8ng/mLのbFGFを添加したRPMI培地で1日処理した後に、2%のBSA、100ng/mLのアクチビンA及び8ng/mLのbFGFを添加したRPMI培地で更に2日間にわたって培養し(ステージ1)、次いで
b.2%のBSA及び50ng/mLのFGF7を添加したDMEM/F12で3日間にわたって培養し(ステージ2)、次いで
c.1%のB27、50ng/mLのFGF7、0.25μMのシクロパミン−KAAD、0.1μMのレチノイン酸(RA)、100ng/mLのノギン及び1μMのAlk5阻害剤IIを添加したDMEM(高グルコース)で細胞を4日間にわたって培養し(ステージ3)、次いで
d.1%のB27を添加したDMEM(高グルコース)で3日間にわたって培養した(ステージ4)。
a.2%のBSA、100ng/mLのアクチビンA、20ng/mLのWNT−3a、8ng/mLのbFGFを添加したRPMI培地で1日処理した後に、2%のBSA、100ng/mLのアクチビンA及び8ng/mLのbFGFを添加したRPMI培地で更に2日間にわたって培養し(ステージ1)、次いで
b.2%のBSA及び50ng/mLのFGF7を添加したDMEM/F12で3日間にわたって培養し(ステージ2)、次いで
c.1%のB27、50ng/mLのFGF7、0.25μMのシクロパミン−KAAD、0.1μMのレチノイン酸(RA)、100ng/mLのノギン及び1μMのAlk5阻害剤IIを添加したDMEM(高グルコース)で細胞を4日間にわたって培養し(ステージ3)、次いで
d.1%のB27、100ng/mLのノギン及び1μMのAlk5阻害剤IIを添加したDMEM(高グルコース)で3日間にわたって培養した(ステージ4)。
a.2%のBSA、100ng/mLのアクチビンA、20ng/mLのWNT−3a、8ng/mLのbFGFを添加したRPMI培地で1日処理した後に、2%のBSA、100ng/mLのアクチビンA及び8ng/mLのbFGFを添加したRPMI培地で更に2日間にわたって培養し(ステージ1)、次いで
b.2%のBSA及び50ng/mLのFGF7を添加したDMEM/F12で3日間にわたって培養し(ステージ2)、次いで
c.1%のB27、50ng/mLのFGF7、0.25μMのシクロパミン−KAAD、100ng/mLのノギン及び1μMのAlk5阻害剤IIを添加したDMEM(高グルコース)で細胞を4日間にわたって培養し(ステージ3)、次いで
d.1%のB27、100ng/mLのノギン及びAlk5阻害剤IIを添加したDMEM(高グルコース)で培養した(ステージ4)。
移植片の組織学的検査
移植を受ける動物から採取した移植片を、実質的に前述の実施例に記載されるように組織学的に検査した。
Claims (1)
- 膵内分泌前駆細胞集団を動物に移植することにより、動物の血糖値を低下させる方法。
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