JP2011524269A - ガラス積層物品および層状物品 - Google Patents

ガラス積層物品および層状物品 Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2011524269A
JP2011524269A JP2011511610A JP2011511610A JP2011524269A JP 2011524269 A JP2011524269 A JP 2011524269A JP 2011511610 A JP2011511610 A JP 2011511610A JP 2011511610 A JP2011511610 A JP 2011511610A JP 2011524269 A JP2011524269 A JP 2011524269A
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Prior art keywords
glass
glass layer
less
layer
article
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JP2011511610A
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JP5684113B2 (ja
Inventor
ドーソン−エリ，デイヴィッド
イー ディマーティノ，スティーヴン
エル フラック，ローラ
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Corning Inc
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Corning Inc
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C27/00—Joining pieces of glass to pieces of other inorganic material; Joining glass to glass other than by fusing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
    • B32B17/10036—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
    • B32B17/10082—Properties of the bulk of a glass sheet
    • B32B17/10091—Properties of the bulk of a glass sheet thermally hardened
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
    • B32B17/10082—Properties of the bulk of a glass sheet
    • B32B17/101—Properties of the bulk of a glass sheet having a predetermined coefficient of thermal expansion [CTE]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
    • B32B17/10082—Properties of the bulk of a glass sheet
    • B32B17/10119—Properties of the bulk of a glass sheet having a composition deviating from the basic composition of soda-lime glass, e.g. borosilicate
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
    • B32B17/10761—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing vinyl acetal
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
    • B32B37/14—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B38/00—Ancillary operations in connection with laminating processes
    • B32B38/0004—Cutting, tearing or severing, e.g. bursting; Cutter details
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/02—Physical, chemical or physicochemical properties
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
    • C03C17/34—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
    • C03C17/36—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal
    • C03C17/3602—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer
    • C03C17/3668—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer the multilayer coating having electrical properties
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
    • C03C17/34—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
    • C03C17/36—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal
    • C03C17/3602—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer
    • C03C17/3681—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer the multilayer coating being used in glazing, e.g. windows or windscreens
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
    • E06B3/66—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/15—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on an electrochromic effect
    • G02F1/153—Constructional details
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    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/15—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on an electrochromic effect
    • G02F1/153—Constructional details
    • G02F1/1533—Constructional details structural features not otherwise provided for
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/0248—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies
    • H01L31/036—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies characterised by their crystalline structure or particular orientation of the crystalline planes
    • H01L31/0392—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies characterised by their crystalline structure or particular orientation of the crystalline planes including thin films deposited on metallic or insulating substrates ; characterised by specific substrate materials or substrate features or by the presence of intermediate layers, e.g. barrier layers, on the substrate
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/0248—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies
    • H01L31/036—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies characterised by their crystalline structure or particular orientation of the crystalline planes
    • H01L31/0392—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies characterised by their crystalline structure or particular orientation of the crystalline planes including thin films deposited on metallic or insulating substrates ; characterised by specific substrate materials or substrate features or by the presence of intermediate layers, e.g. barrier layers, on the substrate
    • H01L31/03923—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies characterised by their crystalline structure or particular orientation of the crystalline planes including thin films deposited on metallic or insulating substrates ; characterised by specific substrate materials or substrate features or by the presence of intermediate layers, e.g. barrier layers, on the substrate including AIBIIICVI compound materials, e.g. CIS, CIGS
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
    • H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B2605/006—Transparent parts other than made from inorganic glass, e.g. polycarbonate glazings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C2201/00—Glass compositions
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    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/15—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on an electrochromic effect
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    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24942—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including components having same physical characteristic in differing degree
    • Y10T428/2495—Thickness [relative or absolute]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10T428/2495—Thickness [relative or absolute]
    • Y10T428/24967—Absolute thicknesses specified
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/26—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component, the element or component having a specified physical dimension

Abstract

積層物品および層状物品、例えば、エレクトロクロミック装置に有用な低アルカリガラス積層物品および層状物品が記載される。

Description

関連出願の相互参照
本出願は、２００８年５月３０日に出願された米国仮特許出願第６１／０５７，３４４号および２００９年４月２１日に出願された米国特許出願第１２／４２７，３９７号に優先権を主張する。
本発明の実施の形態は、積層物品および層状物品に関し、より詳細には、例えばエレクトロクロミック装置に有用な低アルカリガラス積層物品および層状物品に関する。
自然光の取扱いは、例えば、建物の内部が居住者に快適であることを確保しながら、外の眺めをいかに最大にするか等、建築設計において考慮すべき事項である。例えば、光が多過ぎると、建物の内側の熱および／または明るさが増大し得る。例えばエレクトロクロミック窓のように、透明から様々の程度の着色に切り替えられ、透明に戻ることのできる窓が、例えば熱取得およびグレアのような、増加したガラス使用に関連する１つ以上の不都合を最小にするよう開発されている。
例えば自動車および建築において使用するための窓は、いくつかの安全規定を満たさなければならず、例えばデブリ衝突試験および破壊後ウィンド・サイクリング（post-breakage wind cycling）のような機械的強度テストを受ける。窓は、例えば環境条件に耐えるために、増加した機械的強度から恩恵を受ける。
エレクトロクロミック、フォトクロミック、サーモクロミック、およびlow−e（低放射）タイプ用途のための機能材料は、通常は厚いソーダ石灰ガラス基板に積層され、これは上記の安全規定を満たすために第２の厚いソーダ石灰ガラス基板に積層される。基板から機能材料中へのアルカリ、例えばナトリウム拡散を最小にするために、基板はしばしば、バリヤ層で被覆される。しかしながら、バリヤ層における任意の破損、例えば引っかき傷は、ナトリウムまたはアルカリを機能材料へ入り込ませ、機能材料の効用を落とし得る。例えば気泡、引っかき傷、異物のようなソーダ石灰ガラス中の欠陥もまた、機能材料の効用を落とし得る。
ガラス強度は、暴露温度、アスペクト比、プレートサイズ、硬さおよび負荷時間に依存し得る。積層ガラスは、風圧への耐性の増加、衝撃耐性または熱応力への耐性の増加のような追加の利点のために、アニール化、熱強化、および／または完全な焼き戻しをして作製されてもよい。
ナトリウム拡散のようなアルカリ拡散が最小化でき、機械的強度および／または透明度が最大化できる積層物品および層状物品を有することが好都合であろう。
本発明の積層物品および層状物品は、従来の積層物品および層状物品の上記の不都合の１つ以上に対処し、以下の利点の１つ以上を提供する：ガラスから機能材料中へのアルカリ拡散、例えばナトリウム拡散を最小化し、ガラス中の欠陥を減少し、透明度を増加し、重量を最小化する。
ある実施の形態は、以下を含む物品である：
５０×１０−７／℃以下の熱膨張係数を有するガラス層；
ガラス層上に配置された機能材料；
ガラス、ポリマー、またはそれらの組合せを含み、ガラス層より大きい厚さを有する基板；および
基板と、ガラス層または機能材料のいずれかとの間に配置されたラミネート層。
別の実施の形態は、以下を含む物品である：
１０質量％以下の酸化ナトリウム含有量を有するガラス層；
ガラス層上に配置された、エレクトロクロミック、サーモクロミック、フォトクロミック、low−eタイプ、積極的除霜、透明導電酸化材料、またはそれらの組合せ；
ガラス、ポリマー、またはそれらの組合せを含み、ガラス層より大きい厚さを有する基板；および
基板と、ガラス層または機能材料のいずれかとの間に配置されたラミネート層。
別の実施の形態は、以下を含む物品である：
５０×１０−７／℃以下の熱膨張係数を有するガラス層；
ガラス層上に配置されたエレクトロクロミック材料；および
ガラス層と接触しない、エレクトロクロミック材料の表面上に配置された保護層。
本発明のさらなる特徴および利点は、以下の詳細な説明に示され、一部は明細書から当業者に明らかであろう、または明細書および特許請求の範囲、並びに添付の図面に記載されるように本発明を実施することにより認識されるであろう。
前記の一般的記載および以下の詳細な記載はいずれも、本発明の単なる例示であり、請求される本発明の性質および特徴の理解のための概要または枠組みを提供する意図であることが理解されるべきである。
添付の図面は、本発明のさらなる理解を提供するために含まれ、本明細書に組み込まれその一部を構成する。図面は、本発明の１つ以上の実施の形態を示し、明細書と共に、本発明の原理および作用を説明する役目をする。
以下の詳細な説明のみからまたは添付の図面と共に、本発明が理解できる。
ある実施の形態による物品の概略図 ある実施の形態による物品の概略図 ある実施の形態による物品の概略図
次に、本発明の様々の実施の形態が詳細に参照され、そのうちのある実施例が添付の図面に示される。可能な限り、同じ参照番号は図面を通して同じまたは同様の部分に言及するために使用される。
図１および図２に示されるように、ある実施の形態は、それぞれ物品１００および２００であり、以下を含む：
５０×１０−７／℃以下の熱膨張係数を有するガラス層１２；
ガラス層上に配置された機能材料１０；
ガラス、ポリマー、またはそれらの組合せを含み、ガラス層より大きい厚さを有する基板１６；および
基板と、ガラス層または機能材料のいずれかとの間に配置されたラミネート層１４。
別の実施の形態は、以下を含む物品である：
１０質量％以下のアルカリ酸化物含有量を有するガラス層；
ガラス層上に配置された、エレクトロクロミック、サーモクロミック、フォトクロミック、low−eタイプ、積極的除霜、透明導電酸化材料、またはそれらの組合せ；
ガラス、ポリマー、またはそれらの組合せを含み、ガラス層より大きい厚さを有する基板；および
基板と、ガラス層または機能材料のいずれかとの間に配置されたラミネート層。
別の実施の形態は、以下を含む物品である：
１０質量％以下の酸化ナトリウム含有量を有するガラス層；
ガラス層上に配置された、エレクトロクロミック、サーモクロミック、フォトクロミック、low−eタイプ、積極的除霜、透明導電酸化材料、またはそれらの組合せ；
ガラス、ポリマー、またはそれらの組合せを含み、ガラス層より大きい厚さを有する基板；および
基板と、ガラス層または機能材料のいずれかとの間に配置されたラミネート層。
別の実施の形態は、以下を含む物品である：
５０×１０−７／℃以下の熱膨張係数を有するガラス層；
ガラス層上に配置されたエレクトロクロミック材料；
ガラス、ポリマー、またはそれらの組合せを含み、ガラス層より大きい厚さを有する基板；および
基板と、ガラス層または機能材料のいずれかとの間に配置されたラミネート層。
別の実施の形態は、以下を含む物品である：
１０質量％以下のアルカリ酸化物含有量を有する透明ガラス層であって、０．５ｍｍから４ｍｍまでの厚さを有する透明ガラス層；
透明ガラス層上に配置されたエレクトロクロミック材料；
ガラス、ポリマー、またはそれらの組合せを含み、透明ガラス層より大きい厚さを有する基板；および
基板と、透明ガラス層または機能材料のいずれかとの間に配置された、ポリビニルブチラール、ＵＶ硬化樹脂、熱可塑性物質、熱可塑性イオノプラスト（ionoplast）、ポリカーボネート、ポリウレタン、ＵＶ硬化ポリマー、シリコン、およびそれらの組合せから選択される材料を含むラミネート層。
いくつかの実施の形態によれば、ガラス層は、４．０ｍｍ以下、例えば、３．５ｍｍ以下、例えば、３．２ｍｍ以下、例えば、３．０ｍｍ以下、例えば、２．５ｍｍ以下、例えば、２．０ｍｍ以下、例えば、１．９ｍｍ以下、例えば、１．８ｍｍ以下、例えば、１．５ｍｍ以下、例えば、１．１ｍｍ以下、例えば、０．５ｍｍから２．０ｍｍ、例えば、０．５ｍｍから１．１ｍｍ、例えば、０．７ｍｍから１．１ｍｍの厚さを有する。これらは例示的な厚さであるが、ガラスは、０．１ｍｍから４．０ｍｍまでの範囲で小数位を含む任意の数値の厚さを有してもよい。
ガラス層は、比較的低い熱膨張係数（ＣＴＥ）、例えば、５０×１０−７／℃以下、例えば、３５×１０−７／℃以下を有してもよい。ある実施の形態によれば、ガラス層は、２０×１０−７／℃から５０×１０−７／℃まで、例えば、２０×１０−７／℃から３５×１０−７／℃までのＣＴＥを有する。
いくつかの実施の形態において、ガラス層は透明である。
ある実施の形態において、ラミネート層は、ポリビニルブチラール、ＵＶ硬化樹脂、熱可塑性物質、熱可塑性イオノプラスト、ポリカーボネート、ポリウレタン、ＵＶ硬化ポリマー、シリコン、およびそれらの組合せから選択される材料を含む。
ある実施の形態によれば、基板は、ガラス、ポリマー、またはそれらの組合せを含む。例えば、基板は、フロートガラス、フュージョン成形（fusion formable）ガラス、ソーダ石灰ガラス、プラスチック、ポリカーボネート、およびそれらの組合せから選択される材料を含んでもよい。
エレクトロクロミック、サーモクロミック、フォトクロミック、low−eタイプ、積極的除霜、または透明導電酸化材料は、単一層または複数層を有してもよい。エレクトロクロミック機能材料は、電極層、対局層、イオン伝導層のような複数層を有してもよい。いくつかの実施の形態において、層は、固体無機材料を含んでもよい。
ある実施の形態によれば、ガラス層は、１０質量％以下、例えば、９％以下、例えば、８％以下、例えば、５％以下、例えば、０．５％以下のアルカリ酸化物含有量を含む。ある実施の形態において、アルカリ酸化物含有量は、０．１％から１０％までの範囲である。これらは例示的なアルカリ酸化物含有量であるが、ガラス層は、０から１０質量％までの範囲で小数位を含む任意の数値のアルカリ酸化物含有量を有してもよい。
ある実施の形態によれば、ガラス層は、１０質量％以下、例えば、９％以下、例えば、８％以下、例えば、５％以下、例えば、０．５％以下の酸化ナトリウム含有量を含む。ある実施の形態において、酸化ナトリウム含有量は、０．１％から１０％までの範囲である。これらは例示的な酸化ナトリウム含有量であるが、ガラス層は、０から１０質量％までの範囲で小数位を含む任意の数値の酸化ナトリウム含有量を有してもよい。
いくつかの実施の形態によれば、物品の構造は、例えば図１および図２により表されるものでもよいが、他の構造を本発明に従って使用してもよい。例えば、ラミネート層は、基板と、ガラス層または機能材料のいずれかとの間に配置されてもよい。
図３に示される別の実施の形態は、以下を含む物品３００である：５０×１０−７／℃以下の熱膨張係数を有するガラス層を有するガラス層１８；ガラス層上に配置されたエレクトロクロミック材料２０；およびガラス層と接触しない、エレクトロクロミック材料の表面上に配置された保護層２２。ある実施の形態によれば、物品はさらに、保護層とガラス層を結合するシール材料２４を含み、保護層、ガラス層、およびシール材料の組合せは共にエレクトロクロミック材料を囲む。シール材料は、フリット、ガラスシート、およびスパッタガラスから選択されてもよい。シール材料は、保護層およびガラス層と組み合わせて、環境へエレクトロクロミック材料を暴露することによる、例えば、輸送中、窓の製造中、および／または建物または自動車における窓のような最終製品中、の悪影響を最小化し得る。
この実施の形態において、エレクトロクロミック材料は、電極層、対局層、イオン伝導層のような複数層を有してもよい。いくつかの実施の形態において、層は、固体無機材料を含んでもよい。
この実施の形態において、ガラス層は、４．０ｍｍ以下、例えば、３．５ｍｍ以下、例えば、３．２ｍｍ以下、例えば、３．０ｍｍ以下、例えば、２．５ｍｍ以下、例えば、２．０ｍｍ以下、例えば、１．９ｍｍ以下、例えば、１．８ｍｍ以下、例えば、１．５ｍｍ以下、例えば、１．１ｍｍ以下、例えば、０．５ｍｍから２．０ｍｍ、例えば、０．５ｍｍから１．１ｍｍ、例えば、０．７ｍｍから１．１ｍｍの厚さを有してもよい。これらは例示的な厚さであるが、ガラスは、０．１ｍｍから４．０ｍｍまでの範囲で小数位を含む任意の数値の厚さを有してもよい。
ガラス層は、比較的低い熱膨張係数（ＣＴＥ）、例えば、５０×１０−７／℃以下、例えば、３５×１０−７／℃以下を有してもよい。ある実施の形態によれば、ガラス層は、２０×１０−７／℃から５０×１０−７／℃、例えば、２０×１０−７／℃から３５×１０−７／℃のＣＴＥを有する。
いくつかの実施の形態において、ガラス層は透明である。
保護層は、化学的または機械的耐久性を提供してもよい。保護層は、スパッタガラス層またはガラスのシート、例えば、透明ガラス層またはシートでもよい。いくつかの実施の形態によれば、保護層は、４．０ｍｍ以下、例えば、３．５ｍｍ以下、例えば、３．２ｍｍ以下、例えば、３．０ｍｍ以下、例えば、２．５ｍｍ以下、例えば、２．０ｍｍ以下、例えば、１．９ｍｍ以下、例えば、１．８ｍｍ以下、例えば、１．５ｍｍ以下、例えば、１．１ｍｍ以下、例えば、０．５ｍｍから２．０ｍｍ、例えば、０．５ｍｍから１．１ｍｍ、例えば、０．７ｍｍから１．１ｍｍの厚さを有する。これらは例示的な厚さであるが、保護層は、０．１ｍｍから４．０ｍｍまでの範囲で小数位を含む任意の数値の厚さを有してもよい。
保護層は、比較的低い熱膨張係数（ＣＴＥ）、例えば、５０×１０−７／℃以下、例えば、３５×１０−７／℃以下を有してもよい。ある実施の形態によれば、保護層は、２０×１０−７／℃から５０×１０−７／℃、例えば、２０×１０−７／℃から３５×１０−７／℃のＣＴＥを有する。
いくつかの実施の形態において、保護層は透明である。
いくつかの実施の形態において、エレクトロクロミック材料は、電極層、対局層、イオン伝導層のような複数層を有してもよい。いくつかの実施の形態において、層は、固体無機材料を含んでもよい。
機能材料で被覆された薄い、低ＣＴＥ、低アルカリガラスを厚いソーダ石灰ガラスに積層することにより、工程が改善され、費用を最小にできる。低ＣＴＥ、低アルカリガラスは、耐久性があり、ソーダ石灰ガラスと比較して透明度が増加し、例えばテレビのためのディスプレイガラス用途において最小限の欠陥で作製できる。
建築の窓において、市販の窓は通常６ｍｍの厚さである。本発明によれば、０．７ｍｍから１．１ｍｍまでの低ＣＴＥ、低アルカリガラスを、多くの積層工程の１つによりポリビニルブチラールラミネートを使用して、６ｍｍ未満のソーダ石灰ガラスに積層できる。ソーダ石灰ガラスは、関連する輸送または建築規定を満たすために必要とされる強度に依存して、アニール化、熱強化（ＨＳ）および／または完全に焼き戻ししてもよい。
この実施例において、ソーダ石灰ガラスは、アニール化、熱強化（アニール化ガラスの通常２倍強度）および／または完全に焼き戻し（アニール化ガラスの通常４倍強度）されて、輸送または建築規定により必要とされ得る追加の機械的強度を提供できるという点で、強度の利点を提供する。低ＣＴＥ低アルカリガラスは、通常、アニール化形態でのみ利用可能であり、したがって、基板、本実施例においてソーダ石灰ガラスは、積層物品の増加した強度を提供する。
本発明によれば、ガラス層は、以下の利点の１つ以上を提供する：低アルカリガラスは、ナトリウム／アルカリ拡散を最小にするためのソーダ石灰ガラス上のバリヤ層の必要性を減少する；低アルカリガラスは、有機または無機コーティングの性能、例えば、エレクトロクロミック、サーモクロミック、フォトクロミック、low−eを高める；低アルカリガラスは、高温で処理できる；低アルカリガラスは、コーティング後に切断できる。薄い低アルカリガラスは、低重量であり、低ＣＴＥ、低アルカリ製品と関連する費用を最小にする。
ラミネーションは、以下の利点の１つ以上を提供できる：安全性、セキュリティ、騒音低減、ＵＶコントロール、天気／自然災害恩恵、耐久性、デザイン汎用性、設置容易性、および低視覚歪曲。ラミネーションは、様々の基板へ薄い低アルカリガラスを積層するために使用できる。これは、例えば色または自浄特性のような他の特性の調整に有用である。
本発明の積層物品および層状物品は、例えば、一般的な輸送手段（車、電車、小型レール、飛行機、バス）、建物（商業用および居住用）のためのエレクトロクロミック窓、および建物（商業用および居住用）用のＰＶセル、およびオン・オフグリッドに使用できる。
積層物品および層状物品は、例えば、単一窓枠、二重窓枠、または三重窓枠窓の外側、中央または内側窓枠として組み込まれてもよい。
本発明の原理および範囲を逸脱せずに、本発明に様々の変更および変化が可能であることが当業者に明らかであろう。したがって、本発明は、添付の特許請求の範囲およびその均等物の範囲内に基づくものであれば、本発明の変更および変化を含むことが意図される。

Claims (5)

  1. ５０×１０−７／℃以下の熱膨張係数を有するガラス層；
    該ガラス層上に配置された機能材料；
    ガラス、ポリマー、またはそれらの組合せを含み、前記ガラス層より大きい厚さを有する基板；および
    該基板と、前記ガラス層または前記機能材料のいずれかとの間に配置されたラミネート層、
    を含むことを特徴とする物品。
  2. 前記ガラス層が、１０質量％以下の酸化ナトリウム含有量を有することを特徴とする請求項１記載の物品。
  3. 前記ガラス層が、１０質量％以下のアルカリ酸化物含有量を有することを特徴とする請求項１記載の物品。
  4. １０質量％以下の酸化ナトリウム含有量を有するガラス層；
    該ガラス層上に配置された、エレクトロクロミック、サーモクロミック、フォトクロミック、low−eタイプ、積極的除霜、透明導電酸化材料、またはそれらの組合せ；
    ガラス、ポリマー、またはそれらの組合せを含み、前記ガラス層より大きい厚さを有する基板；および
    該基板と、前記ガラス層または前記機能材料のいずれかとの間に配置されたラミネート層、
    を含むことを特徴とする物品。
  5. ５０×１０−７／℃以下の熱膨張係数を有するガラス層；
    該ガラス層上に配置されたエレクトロクロミック材料；および
    前記ガラス層と接触しない、前記エレクトロクロミック材料の表面上に配置された保護層、
    を含むことを特徴とする物品。
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