CN116490475A - 包含低膨胀玻璃的玻璃层压体 - Google Patents

包含低膨胀玻璃的玻璃层压体 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN116490475A
CN116490475A CN202180079313.9A CN202180079313A CN116490475A CN 116490475 A CN116490475 A CN 116490475A CN 202180079313 A CN202180079313 A CN 202180079313A CN 116490475 A CN116490475 A CN 116490475A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
layer
glass
laminate
millimeters
cte
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Pending
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CN202180079313.9A
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English (en)
Inventor
J·G·库亚德
M·A·麦克唐纳德
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Corning Inc
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Corning Inc
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Publication of CN116490475A publication Critical patent/CN116490475A/zh
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
    • B32B17/10082—Properties of the bulk of a glass sheet
    • B32B17/101—Properties of the bulk of a glass sheet having a predetermined coefficient of thermal expansion [CTE]
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
    • C03C17/34—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
    • C03C17/36—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
    • B32B17/10036—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets
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    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
    • B32B17/10082—Properties of the bulk of a glass sheet
    • B32B17/10091—Properties of the bulk of a glass sheet thermally hardened
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    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
    • B32B17/10082—Properties of the bulk of a glass sheet
    • B32B17/10119—Properties of the bulk of a glass sheet having a composition deviating from the basic composition of soda-lime glass, e.g. borosilicate
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    • B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
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    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
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    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
    • B32B17/10761—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing vinyl acetal
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    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
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    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
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    • B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
    • B32B17/10788—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing ethylene vinylacetate
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    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
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    • B32B17/10807—Making laminated safety glass or glazing; Apparatus therefor
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    • B32B7/02—Physical, chemical or physicochemical properties
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
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    • E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
    • E06B3/54—Fixing of glass panes or like plates

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Joining Of Glass To Other Materials (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

提供了一种用于层压玻璃制品的设备和相关方法，所述层压玻璃制品包括：第一材料的第一层，第一片材具有小于2毫米的厚度和在0至300℃测量的第一热膨胀系数(CTE)；第二材料的第二层，第二片材具有大于2毫米的厚度和大于第一CTE的第二CTE；以及在第一层和第二层之间的聚合物中间层，其中，第一玻璃片材的表面压缩应力大于4MPa。

Description

包含低膨胀玻璃的玻璃层压体
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请根据35U.S.C.§119，要求2020年11月25日提交的第63/118,246号美国临时申请的优先权权益，其内容通过引用全文纳入本文。
发明领域
一般来说，本公开涉及包括多层组件的层压体的各种实施方式，所述多层组件具有在层压期间构造的压缩应力，以在玻璃层压制品中提供改进的性能。
背景
层压结构的一些应用包括由玻璃片材制成的汽车和建筑窗户。在一些应用中，玻璃板(glass pane)具有相似的厚度和成分。这些构造中所用的玻璃可以厚数毫米，导致整个窗户的重量过重。
发明概述
先前方法的一个问题是：含有薄玻璃层片(glass ply)的层压体可能不像含有薄玻璃的层压体那样耐静载荷。厚度小于2毫米的玻璃不能进行热强化或回火以提高强度(如ASTM C1048所定义)。化学强化仅对于含碱的组合物是可能的，并且增加了显著的加工成本和复杂性。如果层压体中较厚的层片进行热强化或回火，那么薄层片可能会成为层压体整体耐载荷性的限制因素。建筑窗户取决于其尺寸和位置可能需要承受强风和雪荷载。
本公开的一个或多个实施方式通常针对层压结构，其中，两层或更多层具有不同的材料性质，例如热膨胀系数和/或厚度，其中，这些层使用粘弹性粘合剂中间层连接。薄融合玻璃(fusion glass)可用于替代玻璃层片中的一个，从而减轻层压制品的重量。
本公开的一个或多个实施方式中，使用低膨胀玻璃作为层压体的薄层片，以在层压工艺期间产生压缩应力，从而提高失效载荷。将该方法应用于制造具有聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)中间层的玻璃-玻璃层压体，然而，其也可以应用于其他中间层材料体系，如本文所公开。
在一些实施方式中，该工艺从不同材料的平坦片材(如具有不同热膨胀系数(CTE)的那些)开始。对片材进行层压以在片材之间粘附中间层，从而形成玻璃层压制品。不囿于任意特定机理和/或理论，认为由于粘合剂中间层在升高的温度(如100～150℃)下固化，当结构冷却(如，退火)至室温时，两种材料之间的热膨胀差异将导致均匀双轴应力。因此，第一玻璃片材(即，低膨胀层片)将在压缩应力下进行构造，并且因此能够在断裂之前承受比未强化玻璃(例如，具有相同厚度和组成但没有该压缩应力构造的玻璃)更高的表面应力(例如，来自更高的施加载荷)。
薄玻璃(≤2毫米)并不能进行热强化或回火以提高强度(如ASTM C1048所定义)。化学强化对于不含碱的组合物(由于其更高的可见光透射性而是理想的)是不可行的，并且增加了显著的加工成本和复杂性。
在一方面中，提供一种层压玻璃制品，其包括：第一透明或半透明材料的第一层，该第一片材具有小于2毫米的厚度和在0至300℃测量的第一热膨胀系数(CTE)；第二透明或半透明材料的第二层，该第二片材具有大于2毫米的厚度和大于第一CTE的第二CTE；和聚合物中间层，其位于第一层和第二层之间并且构造成使第一层附着至第二层，其中，第一玻璃片材的表面压缩应力大于4MPa。
在一些实施方式中，聚合物中间层包括：聚乙烯醇(PVA)、聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)、乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯(EVA)、离聚物、聚乙烯醇缩乙醛热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)。
在一些实施方式中，第一CTE小于60x 10-7/℃。
在一些实施方式中，第二CTE大于75x 10-7/℃。
在一些实施方式中，第一玻璃片材是碱土铝硼硅酸盐玻璃。
在一些实施方式中，第二玻璃片材是钠钙硅酸盐玻璃。
在一些实施方式中，第二玻璃片材的厚度为2毫米至不大于6毫米。
在一些实施方式中，第一玻璃片材的厚度为2毫米至不小于0.5毫米。
在一些实施方式中，中间层的厚度为0.5毫米至不大于3毫米。
在一个方面中，提供一种开窗产品，该产品包括：玻璃层压制品，其具有：第一透明或半透明材料的第一层，该第一片材具有小于2毫米的厚度和在0至300℃测量的第一热膨胀系数(CTE)；第二透明或半透明材料的第二层，该第二片材具有大于2毫米的厚度和大于第一CTE的第二CTE；和位于第一层和第二层之间的聚合物中间层；以及在平面中支撑层压体边缘的框架，其中，与未安装于框架中时相比，通过框架，玻璃层压制品的第一玻璃片材在安装于框架中时具有增加的表面压缩应力。
在一些实施方式中，框架构造有密封构件，其中，密封构件构造成向层压结构的边缘提供压缩接合。
在一些实施方式中，框架构造成将玻璃层压制品保持限制性接合，以将压缩应力保持在第一层上。
在一些实施方式中，开窗产品包括开窗产品。
在一些实施方式中，开窗产品包括4英尺乘8英尺的线性区域。
在一些实施方式中，开窗产品包括8英尺乘10英尺的线性区域。
在一些实施方式中，开窗产品包括10英尺乘12英尺的线性区域。
在一些实施方式中，开窗产品构造为：窗户、门、幕墙、天窗(skylight)或屋顶窗(roof window)。
在一些实施方式中，当根据ANSI Z97.1或EN 12600标准测量时，开窗产品包括安全玻璃。
在一个方面中，提供一种方法，该方法包括：将层压部件层组装成堆叠体，其中，所述部件层包括：第一透明或半透明材料的第一层，该第一片材具有小于2毫米的厚度和在0至300℃测量的第一热膨胀系数(CTE)；第二透明或半透明材料的第二层，该第二片材具有大于2毫米的厚度和大于第一CTE的第二CTE；和聚合物中间层，其位于第一层和第二层之间并且构造成使第一层附着至第二层，从堆叠体中去除任何夹带的空气，以制造可固化堆叠体；和使可固化堆叠体固化，以制造玻璃层压制品，其中，第一玻璃片材的表面压缩应力大于4MPa。
在一些实施方式中，固化包括在足以使聚合物中间层固化的温度下进行层压，从而将第一层结合至第二层。
在一些实施方式中，当根据ANSI Z97.1或EN 12600标准测量时，玻璃层压制品构造为安全玻璃。
在以下的具体实施方式中给出了其他特征和优点，这些特征和优点对本领域的技术人员而言，根据所作描述就容易看出，或者通过实施包括以下具体实施方式、权利要求书以及附图在内的本文所述的各个实施方式而被认识。
应当理解的是，前面的一般性描述和以下的详细描述都只是示例性的，且旨在提供理解要求保护的本发明的性质和特性的总体评述或框架。
包括的附图提供了对本公开原理的进一步理解，附图并入本说明书中并构成说明书的一部分。附图例示了一个或多个实施方式，并与说明书一起通过示例的方式用以解释本公开的原理和操作。应理解，在本说明书和附图中公开的本公开的各种特征可以任意组合和所有组合使用。作为非限制性实例，本公开的各个特征可以按照以下各个方面相互组合。
附图简要说明
参照附图，阅读本公开的以下详细描述，可以更好地理解本公开的这些方面、特征和优点以及其他的方面、特征和优点：
图1描绘了根据本公开的一个或多个实施方式的层压体中硼铝硅酸盐玻璃上的测量应力和模拟应力的图，其中，压缩应力归因于层压工艺。
图2描绘了根据本公开的一个或多个实施方式，当构造于4英尺x 8英尺的层压体中时，硼铝硅酸盐玻璃上的计算机模拟有限元模拟应力的图，其中，压缩应力归因于层压工艺。
图3描绘了根据本公开的一个或多个实施方式的计算机模拟有限元分析结果，描绘了边缘固定在平面中的4英尺x 8英尺层压体中硼铝硅酸盐玻璃上的模拟应力。
图4A至图4D描绘了根据本公开的一个或多个实施方式的玻璃层压制品和具有玻璃层压制品、框架和涂层的IGU的示意性剖面侧视图。
图5描绘了根据本公开的一个或多个实施方式的层压工艺的实施方式的流程图，该层压工艺可用于使硼铝硅酸盐玻璃在配置在层压体中时处于压缩，并且，中间层将硼铝硅酸玻璃层结合到具有不同厚度和不同CTE的第二玻璃层。
附图详细说明
在以下的具体实施方式中，出于解释而非限制的目的，给出了说明具体细节的示例性实施方式，以提供对本公开的各种原理的充分理解。但是，对于本领域普通技术人员显而易见的是，在从本公开获益后，可以按照不同于本文公开的具体细节的其他实施方式实施本公开。另外，本文可能省去对众所周知的装置、方法和材料的描述，以免干扰对本公开的各种原理的描述。最后，在任何适用的情况下，相同的附图标记表示相同的元件。
实施例：
在实验中，12英寸x 12英寸的层压体由4.76毫米热强化钠钙玻璃(SLG)(第二层)和0.7毫米硼铝硅酸盐玻璃(第一层)制成。然后第一层中的应力使用SCALP仪器测量[https://www.glasstress.com/web/]。当两个玻璃之间的层压箔为90密耳时，暴露的第一层表面的平均应力(压缩)为4.35MPa。对于向第一层表面传递较小应力的90密耳PVB(/>Clear)箔，表面应力为3.2MPa。(1密耳＝0.001英寸＝0.0254毫米，因此90密耳＝2.29毫米。)
不囿于任意特定机理和/或理论，层压体形式的第一层的压缩应力被认为归因于硼硅酸盐玻璃(第一层)的热膨胀系数(例如，约32x 10-7/K)和SLG(第二层)热膨胀系数(例如，约90x 10-7/K)之间的差值。两个层压部件堆叠体在高于100℃的温度下进行层压，并冷却至室温。在冷却时，第二层SLG将比硼铝硅酸盐玻璃收缩得更多，在保持层压体形式时，所产生的加工引起的应力使硼铝硅酸玻璃受压缩。
为了比较，当第二层硼铝硅酸盐玻璃用0.7毫米SLG(比较例第二层)代替时，所得到的类似CTE玻璃的层压体(第一层和比较例第二层)在薄层片中具有<1MPa的压缩应力。然而，应注意，这在无应力部件的测量误差内。
其它部件的测量和较大部件的有限元模拟如图1所示。参见图1，表面压缩似乎随着玻璃层压体尺寸增加而增加。在约4英尺x 8英尺的尺寸下，模拟压缩应力约为20MPa，并且可高达25MPa，与热强化的厚SLG的应力相当(根据ASTM C1048≥24MPa)。
除了使薄玻璃层片处于压缩外，膨胀的差异还会导致层压体中的球形平面外变形或弯曲。因此，第二层(薄玻璃层片)上的压缩应力可以通过以机械方式使层压体平坦化而进一步增加。如图1所示，989毫米x 1256毫米层压体(第一层4.76毫米SLG/中间层105密耳SentryGlas/第二层0.7毫米硼铝硅酸盐)在第二层(面向外部)表面测得具有4～9MPa的表面压缩。(105密耳＝2.67毫米厚度中间层。)
通过在面板中心施加压力以机械方式使层压玻璃制品平坦化后，在第二层(面向外部)表面测得的压缩增加至17～24MPa。这进一步增加了层压体的潜在耐载荷性，同时具有减少光学畸变的额外益处，这是在建筑应用和/或其他产品情况下开窗产品的理想属性。
在实践中，可以通过将玻璃层压制品层压体安装在框架中来实现平坦化(例如，将玻璃层压制品配置在框架中，并通过框架提供与玻璃层压制品的限制性接合，以用于开窗应用)。通过框架(具有任选的密封构件)将玻璃层压制品的边缘限制在平面上具有减少整体弯曲的效果，并且因此提高了第二层(例如薄层片)中的压缩应力。图3显示了在需要层压体边缘具有最小偏转后的图2的4英尺x 8英尺层压体模拟。在第二层(面向外部)表面测量的压缩应力从20至25MPa增加到25至36MPa。
图4A至图4D描绘了根据本公开的一个或多个方面的玻璃层压制品和开窗产品的各种实施方式。
参见图4A，描绘了玻璃层压制品。玻璃层压制品10包括第一层12、第二层14和中间层16，中间层16构造为在第一层12和第二层13之间，并将两者附着/粘合在一起以形成层压玻璃制品10。此外，还标示了边缘20。
参见图4B，图4A的玻璃层压制品10描绘为窗户构造，显示为28。玻璃层压制品10包括围绕层压制品10的边缘构造的框架18，密封构件22位于框架18和边缘20之间以促进压缩接合和/或保持在平面构造中。图4B描绘了在第一层12外表面上的第二涂层24。
参见图4C，图4A的玻璃层压制品10描绘为窗户构造，显示为28。玻璃层压制品10包括围绕层压制品10的边缘构造的框架18，密封构件22位于框架18和边缘20之间以促进压缩接合和/或保持在平面构造中。图4C描绘了在第二层14外表面上的第一涂层26。
参见图4D，图4A的玻璃层压制品10描绘为窗户构造，显示为28。玻璃层压制品10包括围绕层压制品10的边缘构造的框架18，密封构件22位于框架18和边缘20之间以促进压缩接合和/或保持在平面构造中。图4D描绘了在第二层14外表面上的第一涂层26和在第一层12外表面上的第二涂层24。
作为非限制性示例，涂层包括：低辐射涂层、抗反射涂层；着色涂层(tintcoating)；易清洁涂层；或防鸟击涂层。在一些实施方式中，涂层是部分涂层。在一些实施方式中，涂层是整个涂层。在一些实施方式(例如，防鸟击涂层)中，涂层沿着表面的离散部分图案化。
例如，低辐射涂层可以包括金属和氧化物的组合，包括氮化硅、金属银、二氧化硅、氧化锡、氧化锆和/或它们的组合等的非限制性示例。
图5描绘了一种制造玻璃层压制品的方法。如图所示，层压工艺包括将层压部件层组装成堆叠体。将包括第一层、中间层和第二层的多个部件层放置成彼此接触，以形成堆叠体。
接下来，层压工艺包括：去除堆叠体的多个层之间的任何夹带或截留的空气，以形成可固化堆叠体。去除空气的非限制性示例包括：辊轧(nip rolling)、使用抽真空袋、通过至少一个真空环抽真空，或通过平台层压机进行层压。
层压包括以下步骤：使堆叠体的温度升高至升高的温度(足以使堆叠体固化)；使堆叠体固化以使第一层经由中间层粘附到第二层，由此形成层压玻璃制品；并且使层压玻璃制品冷却至接近室温。
可以对本公开的上述实施方式进行许多改变和调整而基本上不偏离本公开的精神和各种原理。所有这些变动和修改旨在包括在本公开和所附权利要求保护的范围内。
本文中，范围可以表示为从“约”一个具体值和/或至“约”另一个具体值。当表述这样的范围时，另一个实施方式包括从所述一个特定值和/或至所述另一特定值。类似地，当通过使用前置词“约”将数值表达为近似值时，可以理解为该特定值构成了另一个实施方式。还应理解，每个范围的端点在与另一个端点有关以及与另一个端点无关时都是重要的。作为非限制性示例，“约”意味着小于参考值的±10％。
本文所用的方向术语——例如上、下、右、左、前、后、顶、底——仅仅是参照绘制的附图而言，并不用来暗示绝对的取向。
除非另有明确说明，否则本文所述的任何方法都不应被解释为要求以特定顺序执行其步骤。因此，在任何方面，当方法权利要求实际上没有陈述其步骤应遵循的顺序时，或者当权利要求或描述中没有另外具体说明所述步骤应限于特定顺序时，不应推断出任何特定顺序。这样同样适用于任何可能的未明确表述的解释依据，包括：关于设置步骤或操作流程的逻辑；由语法结构或标点获得的一般含义；说明书所述的实施方式的数量或种类。
除非上下文另外清楚地说明，否则，本文所用的单数形式的“一个”、“一种”以及“该/所述”包括复数指代。因此，例如，提到的一种“部件”包括具有两种或更多种这类部件的方面，除非文本中有另外的明确表示。

Claims (20)

1.一种层压玻璃制品，其包含：
a.第一透明或半透明材料的第一层，该第一片材具有小于2毫米的厚度和在0至300℃测量的第一热膨胀系数(CTE)；
b.第二透明或半透明材料的第二层，该第二片材具有大于2毫米的厚度和大于第一CTE的第二CTE；和
c.聚合物中间层，其位于第一层和第二层之间并且构造成使第一层附着至第二层，
d.其中第一玻璃片材的表面压缩应力大于4MPa。
2.如权利要求1所述的层压体，其中，聚合物中间层包含：聚乙烯醇(PVA)、聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)、乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯(EVA)、离聚物、聚乙烯醇缩乙醛或热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的层压体，其中，第一CTE小于60x 10-7/℃。
4.如权利要求1至3中任一项所述的层压体，其中，第二CTE大于75x10-7/℃。
5.如权利要求1至4中任一项所述的层压体，其中，第一玻璃片材是碱土金属硼铝硅酸盐玻璃。
6.如权利要求1至5中任一项所述的层压体，其中，第二玻璃片材是钠钙硅酸盐玻璃。
7.如权利要求1至6中任一项所述的层压体，其中，第二玻璃片材的厚度为2毫米至不大于6毫米。
8.如权利要求1至7中任一项所述的层压体，其中，第一玻璃片材的厚度为2毫米至不小于0.5毫米。
9.一种开窗产品，其包括：
a.玻璃层压制品，其具有：
i.第一透明或半透明材料的第一层，该第一片材具有小于2毫米的厚度和在0至300℃测量的第一热膨胀系数(CTE)；
ii.第二透明或半透明材料的第二层，该第二片材具有大于2毫米的厚度和大于第一CTE的第二CTE；和
iii.位于第一层和第二层之间的聚合物中间层；以及
b.在平面中支撑层压体边缘的框架，
c.其中，与未安装于框架中时相比，通过框架，玻璃层压制品的第一玻璃片材在安装于框架中时具有增加的表面压缩应力。
10.如权利要求9所述的开窗产品，其中，框架构造有密封构件，其中，密封构件构造成向层压结构的边缘提供压缩接合。
11.如权利要求9或10所述的开窗产品，其中，框架构造成将玻璃层压制品保持限制性接合，以将压缩应力保持在第一层上。
12.如权利要求9至11中任一项所述的开窗产品，其中，中间层构造为具有0.5毫米至不大于2.9毫米厚的厚度。
13.如权利要求9至12中任一项所述的开窗产品，其中，开窗产品包括4英尺乘8英尺的线性区域。
14.如权利要求9至12中任一项所述的开窗产品，其中，开窗产品包括8英尺乘10英尺的线性区域。
15.如权利要求9至12中任一项所述的开窗产品，其中，开窗产品包括10英尺乘12英尺的线性区域。
16.如权利要求1至15中任一项所述的开窗产品，其中，开窗产品构造为：窗户、门、幕墙、天窗或屋顶窗。
17.如权利要求1至16中任一项所述的开窗产品，其中，当根据ANSI Z97.1或EN 12600标准测量时，开窗产品包括安全玻璃。
18.一种方法，其包括：
a.将层压部件层组装成堆叠体，其中，所述部件层包括：
b.第一透明或半透明材料的第一层，该第一片材具有小于2毫米的厚度和在0至300℃测量的第一热膨胀系数(CTE)；
c.第二透明或半透明材料的第二层，该第二片材具有大于2毫米的厚度和大于第一CTE的第二CTE；和
d.聚合物中间层，其位于第一层和第二层之间并且构造成使第一层附着至第二层，
e.从堆叠体中去除任何夹带的空气，以制造可固化堆叠体；和
f.使可固化堆叠体固化，以制造玻璃层压制品，其中，第一玻璃片材的表面压缩应力大于4MPa。
19.如权利要求18所述的方法，其中，固化包括在足以使聚合物中间层固化的温度下进行层压，从而将第一层结合至第二层。
20.如权利要求18或19所述的方法，其中，当根据ANSI Z97.1或EN 12600标准测量时，玻璃层压制品构造为安全玻璃。
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