CN113165340B - 层压窗格件和由其形成的窗 - Google Patents

层压窗格件和由其形成的窗 Download PDF

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CN113165340B
CN113165340B CN201980079272.6A CN201980079272A CN113165340B CN 113165340 B CN113165340 B CN 113165340B CN 201980079272 A CN201980079272 A CN 201980079272A CN 113165340 B CN113165340 B CN 113165340B
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sheet
modulus
laminated glazing
polymer
transparent
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CN113165340A (zh
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J·G·库拉德
M·A·麦克唐纳德
P·G·瑞克尔
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Corning Inc
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    • B32B17/10082Properties of the bulk of a glass sheet
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Abstract

用于窗的层压窗格件包括:(1)具有第一厚度和第一热膨胀系数(CTE)的第一片,(2)具有第二厚度和第二CTE的无机玻璃的第二片,和(3)在第一片和第二片之间粘附的聚合物夹层,该聚合物夹层包括具有第一弹性模量的第一聚合物材料的层和具有第二弹性模量的第二聚合物材料的层,其中第一CTE大于第二CTE,第二厚度在从1mm低至0.3mm的范围内,第一弹性模量大于第二弹性模量的20倍。

Description

层压窗格件和由其形成的窗
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请根据35U.S.C.§119,要求2018年11月29日提交的第62/772,733号美国临时申请的优先权权益,其内容通过引用全文纳入本文。
技术领域
本公开总体上涉及具有至少一个薄玻璃层和聚合物夹层的层压窗格件(pane),其中该夹层包括至少两种弹性模量有很大区别的不同聚合物。本公开还大体上涉及采用一个或多个所描述的层压窗格件的窗,例如用于提高安全性,或特别地用于实现组合的抗冲击和抗压力循环性(例如,用于抗飓风窗)。
背景技术
所谓的抗飓风窗通常采用增强的框架和间隔件组件,以及内层压窗格件,该内层压窗格件包括两片玻璃和具有高弹性模量(或在足够快的变形下具有高弹性模量)的聚合物夹层。图5(现有技术)示出了这种窗200的示例,该窗旨在用作抗飓风窗[或用于这种窗的IGU(中空玻璃单元)200]。
如图5所示,窗200包括外窗格件10和内层压窗格件12。外窗格件10通常为单个的玻璃片材50的形式,该片材50的表面对应于窗200的外表面或第一表面S1和第二表面S2(内部)。层压窗格件12包括第一片20的玻璃和第二片70的玻璃,并且在第一片20和第二片70之间粘附有聚合物夹层40。聚合物夹层具有高弹性模量(或在足够快的变形下具有高弹性模量),例如,当在30℃以每分钟10mm的伸长率测量时,弹性模量在约300至1000MPa或约400至600MPa的范围内。聚合物夹层具有高弹性模量(或在足够快的变形下具有高弹性模量),例如,当在30℃以每分钟10mm的伸长率测量时,在约1至约300MPa或约2至约100MPa的范围内。第一片20的面向内的表面和第二片70的面向外的表面对应于窗200的第三表面S3(内部)和向内表面或第四表面S4(面向住宅内)。还采用了增强的间隔件60和增强的框架(未示出)。
在飓风期间,如果风力驱动的抛射物以足够的力撞击表面S1,则片材50、第一片20和第二片70都可能因冲击而破裂,但如果窗200按预期作用,则聚合物夹层40即使在片材50、第一片20和第二片70破裂之后,仍保持完好无损并且保持密封在窗框内,从而防止风和风夹带的水穿过窗200而进入住宅内。为了使聚合物夹层40能够承受这种冲击,层压窗格件12的第一片20和第二片70被热强化,这意味着它们被热回火以产生通常在约24至约52MPa(约3,500至约7,500psi)范围内的表面压缩。(片材50通常也被热强化。)
通常,如果第一片20和第二片70没有被热强化,则它们在受到冲击时往往破裂成大的、锋利的碎片,这些碎片会撕裂、刺穿或以其他方式损坏夹层40,从而导致其无法维持期望的密封。如果第一片20和第二片70具有太大的表面压缩,则它们会像安全玻璃一样破碎成较小的片,这些片倾向于从框架上脱落,从而削弱了框架对聚合物夹层40的抓握力,使得由暴风引起的冲击后压力循环可以使聚合物夹层40与间隔件60和框架(未示出)分离。因此,施加到第一片20和第二片70的热强化应在一定范围内。在太少或太多的情况下,窗密封会在单独的冲击下或在冲击之后的压力循环下失效。
目前,抗飓风窗200的每个片都需要一定的热强化。期望提供一种具有较低制造工艺成本的抗飓风窗,例如通过避免不必要的热强化来实现,同时该抗飓风窗仍保留或甚至改善其他窗性能。
发明内容
本公开的第一方面提供了至少一种层压窗格件,其包括第一透明或半透明材料的第一片,该第一片具有第一厚度,并且第一透明或半透明材料具有在0至约300℃的范围内测量的第一热膨胀系数(CTE)。层压窗格件还包括第二透明或半透明材料的第二片,该第二片具有第二厚度,并且第二透明或半透明材料具有第二CTE。层压窗格件还包括在第一片和第二片之间的聚合物夹层,该聚合物夹层粘附在第一片和第二片之间。聚合物夹层包括第一聚合物材料的第一聚合物层,该第一聚合物材料具有第一弹性模量。聚合物夹层还包括第二聚合物材料的第二聚合物层,该第二聚合物材料具有第二弹性模量。第一CTE大于第二CTE。第二厚度在约1至约0.3mm的范围内。第二透明或半透明材料是无机玻璃。并且第一弹性模量大于第二弹性模量约20倍以上,或者大于第二弹性模量的约100倍以上。
根据本公开的另一方面,第一透明或半透明材料是有机聚合物材料。或者,根据另一方面,第一透明或半透明材料是钠钙硅酸盐玻璃。
根据又一方面,单独地或与前述方面中的任一方面组合,第二CTE小于约50x 10-7/℃且大于零。根据又一方面,也与前述方面中的任一方面组合,第二CTE小于约35x 10-7/℃且大于零。
根据又一方面,单独地或与前述方面中的任一方面组合,第二透明或半透明材料是硼铝硅酸盐玻璃。或者,根据又一方面,与前述方面中的任一方面组合,第二透明或半透明材料是碱土金属硼铝硅酸盐玻璃或无碱硼铝硅酸盐玻璃。
根据又一方面,单独地或与前述方面中的任一方面组合,第二厚度在约0.85至约0.4mm的范围内。或者,根据又一方面,与前述方面中的任一方面组合,第二厚度在约0.8至约0.45mm的范围内。
根据又一方面,单独地或与前述方面中的任一方面组合,当在30℃以每分钟10mm的伸长率测量时,第一弹性模量在约300至约1000MPa的范围内。或者,根据又一方面,与前述方面中的任一方面组合,当在30℃以每分钟10mm的伸长率测量时,第一弹性模量在约400至约600MPa的范围内。或者,根据又一方面,与前述方面中的任一方面组合,当在30℃以每分钟10mm的伸长率测量时,第一弹性模量在约1至约300MPa的范围内,或者当在30℃以每分钟10mm的伸长率测量时,第一弹性模量在约2至约100MPa的范围内。
根据又一方面,单独地或与前述方面中的任一方面组合,当在30℃以每分钟10mm的伸长率测量时,第二弹性模量小于第一弹性模量的约三十分之一,或者小于第一弹性模量的约四十分之一,或者小于第一弹性模量的约五十分之一,或者甚至小于第一弹性模量的约百分之一。
根据又一方面,单独地或与前述方面中的任一方面组合,聚合物夹层还包括第一聚合物材料的第三聚合物层。
本公开的另一个方面是包括根据上述任何一个方面的窗格件的窗。
如将在下面更详细解释的,本公开的这些方面,单独地或以它们的各种组合,可以提供抗飓风窗或抗飓风窗的抗飓风窗格件,其不需要在层压窗格件的第二片中进行热强化,并且其可以采用低CTE玻璃片作为层压窗格件的第二片,而不会使层压窗格件过度变形。
在以下的具体实施方式中给出了本公开的其他特征和优点,其中的部分特征和优点对本领域的技术人员而言根据所作描述即容易理解,或者通过实施包括以下具体实施方式、权利要求书以及附图在内的本文所述方法而被认识。
应理解,前面的一般性描述和以下的具体实施方式都显示了本公开的各个实施方式,并旨在提供用于理解权利要求的性质和特性的总体评述或框架。包括的附图提供了对本公开的进一步的理解,附图结合于本说明书中并构成说明书的一部分。附图例示了本公开的各个实施方式,并与说明书一起用来解释本公开的原理和操作。
附图说明
结合以下附图阅读时,可以进一步理解以下具体实施方式,其中:
图1是根据本公开的一些方面的层压窗格件的截面图;
图2是根据本公开的一些方面的窗或IGU的截面图;
图3和图4是根据本公开的层压窗格件的各个方面的特写截面图;
图5(现有技术)是现有技术的抗飓风窗的截面正视图。
具体实施方式
现在将参考图1-4讨论本公开的各个方面,图1-4示出了层压窗格件的各方面,以及采用这种窗格件的窗及其组件、特征或特性。以下总体说明旨在提供所要求保护的装置的总体评述,并将参考非限制性描述的方面在整个公开文本中对各个方面进行更具体的论述,这些方面通常在本公开的上下文中可彼此互换。
参考图1,本文公开了层压窗格件12,其包括第一透明或半透明材料的第一片20,该第一片20具有第一厚度,并且第一透明或半透明材料具有在0至约300℃的范围内测量的第一热膨胀系数(“CTE”)。层压窗格件12还包括第二透明或半透明材料的第二片30,该第二片30具有第二厚度,并且第二透明或半透明材料具有第二CTE。
层压窗格件12还包括在第一片20和第二片30之间的聚合物夹层40,该聚合物夹层40粘附在第一片20和第二片30之间。如放大图(或“特写”截面图)所示,聚合物夹层40包括第一聚合物材料的第一聚合物层41和第二聚合物材料的第二聚合物层42,该第一聚合物材料具有第一弹性模量,该第二聚合物材料具有第二弹性模量。
对于层压窗格件12,(第一片20的)第一CTE大于(第二片30的)第二CTE,第二厚度(第二片30的厚度)在约1至约0.3mm的范围内,第二透明或半透明材料是无机玻璃,并且第一弹性模量(第一聚合物层41的聚合物的模量)大于第二弹性模量(第二聚合物层42的聚合物的模量)约20倍以上,例如,大于约100倍以上。
层压窗格件12构成了用于抗飓风窗的抗飓风窗格件,其具有一个片(层压窗格件40的第二片30),该片不需要进行热强化来通过显示抗飓风性所需的冲击和压力循环测试。不希望受到理论的束缚,据信这是由于薄玻璃片(第二片30)的破裂模式的缘故,在冲击和压力循环测试中,该模式不会导致对聚合物夹层40或聚合物夹层40与间隔件60和窗框(未示出)之间的密封造成损害。因此,第二片30不需要热强化,从而减少了至少一项加工成本。
此外,层压窗格件12采用(并且能够采用)低CTE玻璃片作为层压窗格件的第二片30,而不会导致层压窗格件过度变形。同样不受任何特定理论的束缚,据信这是由于第二聚合物层42的存在以及第二聚合物层42的明显较低的弹性模量,这能够减轻层压期间当从用于使聚合物夹层40固化的温度冷却下来时产生的应力,该应力是由于第一片20和第二片30之间CTE的差异引起的。能够采用低CTE玻璃片是很重要的,因为高品质的薄玻璃主要以较大的片材形式商购获得(当考虑成本经济时),或者甚至仅以(以最大尺寸)低CTE玻璃组合物购得。此外,减轻由不同CTE值引起的应力的能力使得可以生产层压窗格件42而不会过度弯曲。
根据本公开的至少一个方面,第一透明或半透明材料(第一片20的材料)是有机聚合物材料。或者,根据另一个目前优选的方面,第一透明或半透明材料(第一片20的材料)是钠钙硅酸盐玻璃。
根据又一方面,单独地或与前述方面中的任一方面组合,第二CTE(第二片30的材料的CTE)小于约50x 10-7/℃且大于零。根据又一方面,也与前述方面中的任一方面组合,第二CTE小于约35x 10-7/℃且大于零。
根据又一方面,单独地或与前述方面中的任一方面组合,第二透明或半透明材料(第二片30的材料)是硼铝硅酸盐玻璃。或者,根据又一方面,单独地或与前述方面中的任一方面组合,第二透明或半透明材料是碱土金属硼铝硅酸盐玻璃或无碱硼铝硅酸盐玻璃。示例性的商购玻璃产品包括但不限于
Figure BDA0003092922310000061
和LotusTM NXT玻璃。在一些实施方式中,第二片可通过浮法或熔合拉制制造过程生产。钠钙玻璃的CTE为约90x10-7/℃。相比之下,康宁EAGLE XG玻璃的CTE约为31.7x 10-7/℃,其是钠钙玻璃的CTE的约1/3(“三分之一”)。
根据本公开的又一方面,单独地或与前述方面中的任一方面组合,第二厚度(第二片30的厚度)在约0.85至约0.4mm的范围内。或者,根据又一方面,与前述方面中的任一方面组合,第二厚度在约0.8至约0.45mm的范围内。根据又一方面,第一厚度(第一片20的厚度)可以在约2至约20mm的范围内,或者在约3至约12mm的范围内,或者在约3至约6mm的范围内。
根据又一方面,与前述方面中的任一方面组合,当在30℃以每分钟10mm的伸长率测量时,第一弹性模量(第一聚合物层41的聚合物的模量)在约300至约1000MPa的范围内。或者,根据又一方面,与前述方面中的任一方面组合,当在30℃以每分钟10mm的伸长率测量时,第一弹性模量在约400至约600MPa的范围内。根据又一方面,与前述方面中的任一方面组合,当在30℃以每分钟10mm的伸长率测量时,第一弹性模量(第一聚合物层41的聚合物的模量)在约1至约300MPa的范围内。或者,根据又一方面,与前述方面中的任一方面组合,当在30℃以每分钟10mm的伸长率测量时,第一弹性模量在约2至约100MPa的范围内。第一聚合物可选自通常用于抗飓风或抗侵入窗的夹层聚合物,例如可从杜邦(DuPont)或各个分销商获得的
Figure BDA0003092922310000071
根据又一方面,与前述方面中的任一方面组合,当在30℃以每分钟10mm的伸长率测量时,第二弹性模量(第二聚合物层42的聚合物的模量)小于第一弹性模量的约三十分之一,或者小于第一弹性模量的约四十分之一,或者小于第一弹性模量的约五十分之一,或者甚至小于第一弹性模量的约百分之一。第二聚合物可以选自各种低弹性模量聚合物,例如热塑性聚氨酯。
作为本公开的另一方面,图2示出了具有如关于图1所述的层压窗格件12的窗100的截面。
根据又一方面,如图3中的特写截面所示,聚合物夹层40还可以包括第一聚合物材料的第三聚合物层43,特别是因为通常使用多层高模量聚合物以提高聚合物夹层40的抗损伤性。根据又一方面,如图4中的特写截面所示,聚合物夹层40还可以包括第二聚合物材料的第四聚合物层44和第一聚合物材料的第五聚合物层,由此提供两个低模量层(第二层和第四层)以减轻应力和防止过度弯曲。当然,图2的窗100还可以使用图1、3和4中所示的任何聚合物夹层40,或未显示的其他组合。
在第一实例中,根据本申请的至少一个实施方式生产了层压件。层压件具有约989mm的高度和约1256mm的宽度。该层压件具有厚度约2.1mm的由钠钙玻璃组成的第一片和厚度约0.7mm的康宁EAGLE XG玻璃的第二片。两玻璃片之间具有聚合物层,该聚合物层由多层聚丁酸乙烯酯(PVB)组成,厚度约为0.81mm。聚合物层由弹性模量高于PVB内芯层的两个PVB外层组成。两个PVB外层均具有约0.34mm的厚度,PVB内层具有约0.13mm的厚度,总聚合物厚度为约0.81mm。较高弹性模量PVB的弹性模量比较低弹性模量PVB的弹性模量大至少约20倍。
生产标准层压件用于比较。标准层压件具有约989mm的高度和约1256mm的宽度。该层压件具有厚度约2.1mm的由钠钙玻璃组成的第一片和厚度约0.7mm的康宁EAGLE XG玻璃的第二片。两玻璃片之间具有聚合物层,该聚合物层由标准单层聚丁酸乙烯酯(PVB)组成,厚度约为0.76mm。聚合物层由弹性模量比较低弹性模量PVB大至少约20倍的PVB组成。应注意的是,预计两种层压件的聚合物层之间的微小厚度差异不会导致所得弯曲的差异。
如下所述,根据EN 12150测试两种样品的弯曲:将层压件放置在垂直位置,其较长的一侧由在四分之一点处的两个承重块支撑。然后沿着对角线测量变形,作为金属直尺或拉伸线与玻璃凹面之间的最大距离测得。弯曲值则表示为变形的绝对值,以mm为单位。
标准层压件产生大约4.52mm的弯曲(以对角线上的最大-最小测量)。根据本申请的实施方式的层压件产生大约2.78mm的弯曲(以对角线上的最大-最小测量)。这意味着本申请的层压件的弯曲降低了约38%。
在另一个实例中,根据本申请的另一个实施方式生产层压件。该层压件具有约3英尺的高度和约5英尺的宽度。该层压件具有厚度约6mm的由钠钙玻璃组成的第一片和厚度约0.7mm的康宁EAGLE XG玻璃的第二片。两玻璃片之间具有聚合物层,该聚合物层由多层聚丁酸乙烯酯(PVB)组成,厚度约为0.81mm。聚合物层由弹性模量高于PVB内芯层的两个PVB外层组成。两个PVB外层均具有约0.34mm的厚度,PVB内层具有约0.13mm的厚度,总聚合物厚度为约0.81mm。较高弹性模量PVB的弹性模量比较低弹性模量PVB的弹性模量大至少约20倍。
生产标准层压件用于比较。标准层压件具有约3英尺的高度和约5英尺的宽度。第一层压件具有厚度约6mm的由钠钙玻璃组成的第一片和厚度约0.7mm的康宁EAGLE XG玻璃的第二片。两玻璃片之间具有聚合物层,该聚合物层由标准单层聚丁酸乙烯酯(PVB)组成,厚度约为0.76mm。聚合物层由弹性模量比较低弹性模量PVB大至少约20倍的PVB制成。应注意的是,预计两种层压件的聚合物层之间的微小厚度差异不会导致所得弯曲的差异。
如下所述,根据EN 12150测试两种样品的弯曲:将层压件放置在垂直位置,其较长的一侧由在四分之一点处的两个承重块支撑。然后沿着对角线测量变形,作为金属直尺或拉伸线与玻璃凹面之间的最大距离测得。弯曲值则表示为变形的绝对值,以mm为单位。
标准层压件产生大约5.01mm的弯曲(以对角线上的最大-最小测量)。根据本申请的实施方式的层压件产生大约2.88mm的弯曲(以对角线上的最大-最小测量)。这意味着本申请的层压件的弯曲降低了约43%。
应理解,各个公开的实施方式可以涉及与特定实施方式一起描述的特定特征、要素或步骤。还应理解,虽然以涉及一个特定实施方式的形式进行描述,但是特定特征、要素或步骤可以与各个未例示的组合或排列方式中的替代性实施方式互换或组合。
还应理解的是,本文所用术语“该”、“一个”或“一种”表示“至少一个(一种)”,而不应局限为“仅一个(一种)”,除非有明确相反的说明。因此,例如,提到的“一个部件”包括具有一个此类“部件”或者两个或更多个此类“部件”的实例,除非上下文有另外的明确表示。类似地,“多个”或“阵列”旨在表示两个或更多个,因此“部件阵列”或“多个部件”表示两个或更多个此类部件。
本文中,范围可以表示为从“约”一个具体值开始和/或至“约”另一个具体值终止。当表述这种范围时,实例包括自某一具体值始和/或至另一具体值止。类似地,当使用先行词“约”表示数值为近似值时,应理解,具体数值构成了另一个方面。还应理解,每个范围的端点在与另一个端点有关及独立于另一个端点时都是重要的。
本文表示的所有数值应理解为包括“约”,无论是否如此陈述,除非另有明确指明。然而,还应当理解的是,所述的每个数值也可以考虑是精确值,无论其是否以“约”该数值表示。因此,“小于100nm的尺寸”和“小于约100nm的尺寸”都包括“小于约100nm的尺寸”和“小于100nm的尺寸”的实施方式。
除非另有表述,否则都不旨在将本文所述的任何方法理解为需要使其步骤以具体顺序进行。因此,当方法权利要求实际上没有陈述为其步骤遵循一定的顺序或者其没有在权利要求书或说明书中以任意其他方式具体表示步骤限于具体的顺序,都不旨在暗示该任意特定顺序。
虽然使用过渡语“包含”可以公开特定实施方式的各个特征、要素或步骤,但是应理解的是,这暗示了包括可采用过渡语由“......构成”或“基本上由……构成”描述在内的替代性实施方式。因此,例如,包含A+B+C的装置的隐含的替代性实施方式包括其中装置由A+B+C组成的实施方式以及其中装置基本上由A+B+C组成的实施方式。
对本领域的技术人员而言,显而易见的是,可以对本公开进行各种修改和变动而不偏离本公开的范围和精神。因为本领域的技术人员可以想到融合了本公开的精神和实质的所公开的实施方式的各种改进的组合、子项组合和变化,因此,应认为本公开包括所附权利要求书范围内的全部内容及其等同内容。

Claims (16)

1.一种层压窗格件,其包括:
第一透明或半透明材料的第一片,所述第一片具有第一厚度,所述第一透明或半透明材料具有在0至300oC的范围内测量的第一热膨胀系数CTE1
第二透明或半透明材料的第二片,所述第二片具有第二厚度,所述第二透明或半透明材料具有第二热膨胀系数CTE2;和
在第一片和第二片之间的聚合物夹层,所述聚合物夹层粘附在第一片和第二片之间,所述聚合物夹层包括:
第一聚合物材料的第一聚合物层,所述第一聚合物材料具有第一弹性模量,和
第二聚合物材料的第二聚合物层,所述第二聚合物材料具有第二弹性模量;
其中,CTE1大于CTE2,第二厚度在1mm至0.3mm的范围内,第二透明或半透明材料是无机玻璃,并且第一弹性模量比第二弹性模量大超过20倍。
2.如权利要求1所述的层压窗格件,其中,第一透明或半透明材料是有机聚合物材料。
3.如权利要求1所述的层压窗格件,其中,第一透明或半透明材料是钠钙硅酸盐玻璃。
4. 如权利要求1所述的层压窗格件,其中,第二热膨胀系数小于50 x 10-7/°C且大于零。
5. 如权利要求1所述的层压窗格件,其中,第二热膨胀系数小于35 x 10-7/°C且大于零。
6.如权利要求1所述的层压窗格件,其中,第二透明或半透明材料是硼铝硅酸盐玻璃。
7.如权利要求1所述的层压窗格件,其中,第二透明或半透明材料是碱土金属硼铝硅酸盐玻璃或无碱硼铝硅酸盐玻璃。
8. 如权利要求1所述的层压窗格件,其中,第二厚度在0.85 mm至0.4 mm的范围内。
9. 如权利要求1所述的层压窗格件,其中,第二厚度在0.8 mm至0.45 mm的范围内。
10.如权利要求1所述的层压窗格件,其中,当在30℃以每分钟10mm的伸长率测量时,第一弹性模量在300MPa至1000MPa的范围内。
11.如权利要求1所述的层压窗格件,其中,当在30℃以每分钟10mm的伸长率测量时,第一弹性模量在400MPa至600MPa的范围内。
12.如权利要求1所述的层压窗格件,其中,当在30℃以每分钟10mm的伸长率测量时,第二弹性模量小于第一弹性模量的三十分之一或更小。
13.如权利要求1所述的层压窗格件,其中,当在30℃以每分钟10mm的伸长率测量时,第二弹性模量小于第一弹性模量的四十分之一或更小。
14.如权利要求1所述的层压窗格件,其中,当在30℃以每分钟10mm的伸长率测量时,第二弹性模量小于第一弹性模量的百分之一或更小。
15.如权利要求1所述的层压窗格件,其中,聚合物夹层还包括第一聚合物材料的第三聚合物层。
16.包括如权利要求1所述的窗格件的窗。
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US5227241A (en) * 1991-04-09 1993-07-13 Saint-Gobain Vitrage International Laminated glass
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