JP2010041838A - 半導体装置および半導体装置を用いた電力変換装置 - Google Patents
半導体装置および半導体装置を用いた電力変換装置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2010041838A JP2010041838A JP2008202603A JP2008202603A JP2010041838A JP 2010041838 A JP2010041838 A JP 2010041838A JP 2008202603 A JP2008202603 A JP 2008202603A JP 2008202603 A JP2008202603 A JP 2008202603A JP 2010041838 A JP2010041838 A JP 2010041838A
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- power module
- power
- vehicle power
- arm circuit
- vehicle
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Abstract
本発明によれば、車両用パワーモジュールのインダクタンスを低減することができ、また体積の増大を抑えることができる。さらに上記車両用パワーモジュールを使用した車両用電力変換装置においてもインダクタンスの低減を図ることができ、また体積の増大を抑えることができる。
【解決手段】
本発明は、パワー半導体素子と、前記パワー半導体素子に電流を伝達するための複数の接続導体と、前記パワー半導体素子及び前記複数の接続導体を搭載した金属ベースを備え、前記パワー半導体素子及び前記複数の接続導体は、前記金属ベース上でループ電流経路を形成するように実装される車両用パワーモジュール及び電力変換装置を提供する。さらに好ましくは、前記ループ電流経路を2つ以上形成するように該パワー半導体素子及び複数の接続導体を配置する。
【選択図】図9
Description
電気回路のインダクタンスの低減に係る工夫には次の3つの観点がある。第1の観点はパワーモジュールのインダクタンス低減である。第2の観点はコンデンサモジュールのインダクタンス低減である。第3の観点はパワーモジュールとコンデンサモジュールとの接続回路のインダクタンス低減である。第4の観点は、パワーモジュールに内蔵された回路のインダクタンス低減である。上記観点1から観点4の全てを実施することが最も望ましい。しかし4つの観点の内1つの観点を実施することでも効果があり、さらに4つの観点の内の2つの観点を実施することでさらに好ましい効果がある。
電力変換装置の小型化に関する工夫を次の5つの観点で説明する。第1の観点は冷却水流路を電力変換装置の筐体の中ほどに配置し、前記冷却水流路の両面を利用して冷却することにより、電力変換装置の小型化を図ったことである。第2の観点は冷却水流路の側部と前記筐体との間にパワーモジュールとコンデンサモジュールとの電気的な接続を行うための空間を設けることにより、電力変換装置の小型化を図ったことである。第3の観点は冷却水流路の冷却水の流路方向に沿って2組のパワーモジュールを併設して配置したことで、電気配線が簡素化され、小型化が可能となったことである。第4の観点はパワーモジュールの構造的な改善である。第5の観点はコンデンサモジュールの構造的な改善である。上記観点のそれぞれにおいて効果があり、またこれらの観点を組み合わせて実施することで、さらに大きな効果を得ることができる。
以下に記載の実施形態では、冷却水流路の側部と筐体との間に貫通する空間を形成して、パワーモジュールとコンデンサモジュールとの接続を行っている。冷却水流路とは異なる位置に空間を形成し、この空間を介して上記接続を行っているので、冷却水の影響を受け難く、信頼性が向上する。
さらに、冷却部の筐体は、パワーモジュールの放熱フィンを冷却する冷却水通路のための冷却水空間の外に、パワーモジュールとコンデンサとを接続する直流バスバーを接続する形をとり、冷却水路を抱きかかえるような包囲空間を有し、電力変換装置の全体冷却構造の簡易化,小型化が図られ、組立性も向上する。加えて、冷却水空間内の冷却水が、冷却部筐体を介して、コンデンサの冷却にも寄与することができる。
本実施形態に係る電力変換装置は、片側に放熱フィンを有するパワーモジュール(半導体モジュール)の内部にインバータ装置の上下アームの直列回路を収納し、パワーモジュールを冷却部内に挿入し、放熱フィンを冷却水で直接冷却する構造を備えている。また、冷却水の流路を形成する冷却部の筐体内にパワーモジュールと直流電源の平滑用コンデンサを内包するように積層する構成、すなわち、パワーモジュールとコンデンサとで水路を挟むサンドイッチ構造を採用することで、冷却効率が向上させることができ、冷却効率の向上により電力変換装置の小型化を図っている。
10 上部ケース蓋
11 金属ベース板
12 筐体
13 入口配管
14 出口配管
16 下部ケース蓋
17 交流ターミナルケース
18 交流ターミナル
19 冷却水流路
20 制御回路基板
21 コネクタ
22 ドライバ回路基板
23 基板間コネクタ
43,140,142 インバータ装置
49 鋳造肉盗み
110 ハイブリッド電気自動車
112 前輪
114 前輪車軸
116 前輪側DEF
118 変速機
120 エンジン
121 エンジンシステム
122 動力分配機構
131 エンジンコントローラ
132 燃料
136 バッテリ
138 直流コネクタ
144 インバータ回路
150 上下アームの直列回路
151 上アームの回路
152 下アームの回路
153,163 コレクタ電極
154,164 電極端子
155,165 エミッタ電極端子
156,166,608 ダイオード
157 正極(P)端子
158 負極(N)端子
159 交流端子
159k 接続部
159t モータ側接続部
169 中間電極
170 制御部
172 制御回路
174 ドライバ回路
176,182 信号線
180 電流検出部
188 交流コネクタ
192,194 モータジェネレータ
195 モータ(補機用=エアコン,オイルポンプ,冷却ポンプ)
200 電力変換装置
250 車両用電気システム
260 車両外部接続部
300 パワーモジュール(半導体装置)
302 パワーモジュールケース
304 金属ベース
305 フィン
308 U相交流バスバー
310 V相交流バスバー
312 W相交流バスバー
314 直流正極端子
314a,506,506b 正極側コンデンサ端子
314k,316k 接続端
315,507,702 正極導体板
316 直流負極端子
316a,504,504c 負極側コンデンサ端子
317,505,704 負極導体板
318 絶縁紙
320U,320L 制御端子
321 ボス
328,330 IGBT
329,331,333 導体
334 絶縁基板
334k,334r 回路配線パターン
335 寄生インダクタンス成分
336 ワイヤ
337 はんだ
338 電流の流れ
340 渦電流
340H 金属ベースに誘導される渦電流が作る磁界
341 接合部(直流負極バスバー用)
350 下アームターンオン時の過渡的な電流
350H 磁界
361 上アームと下アームの並んだ方向の長さA
362 上下アームの直列回路の並んだ方向の長さB
370 結線端子
380 接続箇所
382,384,392,394 電流経路
390 コンデンサモジュールと直流バスバーの接続部拡大箇所
400,402,404 開口部
401 入口孔
403 出口孔
406 貫通孔
408 隔壁
410 支持部
412,414 ねじ穴(パワーモジュール固定用)
416 ねじ穴(水路カバー固定用)
418,421,422 冷媒の流れ
420 水路下部カバー
500 コンデンサモジュール
502 コンデンサケース
508 導電材
509,511 開口部(端子固定用)
510 直流(バッテリ)負極側接続端子部
512 直流(バッテリ)正極側接続端子部
514 コンデンサセル
515 フィルムコンデンサ
516,518 端子
517,521,706 絶縁シート
520 端子カバー
522 充填材
532 補機用正極端子
534 補機用負極端子
600 電流
602,622 ゲート電圧
604,626 コレクタ電圧
606,624 コレクタ電流
610 インダクタンス負荷
612 環流
614,615 貫通電流
616 ミラー期間
618 電流の流れ(正極側)
620 電流の流れ(負極側)
628 スパイク電圧
700 直流側導体板
702a,702b 正極導体板702の接続部
704a,704c 負極導体板704の接続部
705 透孔
720 交流バスバー
800 上方側プレス機構
810 下方側プレス機構
820 駒
Claims (23)
- 複数のパワー半導体素子を並列に接続した上アーム回路部と、
前記上アーム回路部とは異なる複数のパワー半導体素子を並列に接続し、かつ前記上アーム回路部に直列に接続される下アーム回路部と、
少なくとも前記上アーム回路部が実装される絶縁基板と、
前記上アーム回路部が実装された前記絶縁基板の面とは反対側の面に接合された金属ベースと、を備えた車両用パワーモジュールであって、
前記上アーム回路部は、
直流電源側の正極端子と前記上アーム回路部のパワー半導体素子のコレクタ端子を電気的に接続するための第1接続導体と、
前記上アーム回路部のパワー半導体素子のエミッタ端子と前記下アーム回路部のパワー半導体素子のコレクタ端子とを電気的に接続するための第2接続導体とを有し、
前記上アーム回路部のパワー半導体素子、前記第1接続導体及び前記第2接続導体は、前記パワー半導体素子のスイッチング時に流れる電流によって前記金属ベース上に2つ以上のループ電流経路を形成するように前記絶縁基板上に配置される車両用パワーモジュール。 - 請求項1に記載された車両用パワーモジュールであって、
前記第1接続導体及び前記第2接続導体は、前記絶縁基板上に形成された回路配線パターンである車両用パワーモジュール。 - 請求項1に記載された車両用パワーモジュールであって、
前記第1接続導体は、直流電源からの電流が入力される入力端部を有し、
前記第2接続導体は複数備えられ、かつそれぞれの第2接続導体は、前記電流を前記上アーム回路部から出力するための出力端部を有し、
前記入力端部から入力された前記電流は、前記上アーム回路内で分岐され、該分岐された電流は、複数の前記出力端部にそれぞれ供給される車両用パワーモジュール。 - 請求項3に記載された車両用パワーモジュールであって、
複数の前記出力端部は、前記入力端部を挟んで配置される車両用パワーモジュール。 - 請求項3に記載された車両用パワーモジュールであって、
複数の前記出力端部は、前記入力端部を挟んで、かつ前記上アーム回路の一辺側に沿って配置され、
さらに、前記上アーム回路のパワー半導体素子は、前記上アーム回路の前記一辺と対向した他辺に近い側に配置される車両用パワーモジュール。 - 請求項1に記載された車両用パワーモジュールであって、
前記下アーム回路部は、
前記下アーム回路部のパワー半導体素子のエミッタ端子と直流電源の負極側の端子とを電気的に接続するための第3接続導体と、
前記下アーム回路部のパワー半導体素子のコレクタ端子と前記上アーム回路部のパワー半導体素子のエミッタ端子とを電気的に接続するための第4接続導体とを有し、
前記下アーム回路部のパワー半導体素子、前記第3接続導体及び前記第4接続導体は、前記金属ベース上に2つ以上のループ電流経路を形成するように前記絶縁基板上に配置される車両用パワーモジュール。 - 請求項1に記載された車両用パワーモジュールであって、
該車両用パワーモジュールは矩形状を為し、
前記上アーム回路部と前記下アーム回路部は、該車両用パワーモジュールの一辺側に沿って配置され、
前記第1接続導体及び前記第2接続導体は、前記下アーム回路部に近い側に配置され、
前記上アーム回路部のパワー半導体素子は、前記第1接続導体及び前記第2接続導体を介して前記下アーム回路部とは離れて配置される車両用パワーモジュール。 - 請求項7に記載された車両用パワーモジュールであって、
前記第3接続導体及び前記第4接続導体は、前記上アーム回路部に近い側に配置され、
前記下アーム回路部のパワー半導体素子は、前記第3接続導体及び前記第4接続導体を介して前記上アーム回路部とは離れて配置される車両用パワーモジュール。 - 請求項1に記載された車両用パワーモジュールであって、
直流電源の正極側と電気的に接続され、かつ前記第1接続導体に電流を供給するための直流端子を備え、
該直流端子は、前記上アーム回路部と前記下アーム回路部の間に配置される車両用パワーモジュール。 - 請求項1に記載のいずれかの車両用パワーモジュールであって、
該車両用パワーモジュールは矩形状を為し、
前記上アーム回路部と前記下アーム回路部を直列接続した上下アーム回路が3組備えられ、それぞれU相,V相,W相の交流電流を出力し、
前記上アーム回路部と前記下アーム回路部は、該車両用パワーモジュールの一辺側に沿って配置され、かつ各相を構成する上アーム回路部と下アーム回路部を一組として、3組の上下アーム回路部が、前記一辺側と略垂直方向を為す他辺側に沿ってU相,V相,W相の順に配置される車両用パワーモジュール。 - 請求項10に記載された車両用パワーモジュールであって、
該車両用パワーモジュールの前記他辺側の長さは、前記一辺側より短いことを特徴とする車両用パワーモジュール。 - 請求項10に記載された車両用パワーモジュールであって、
各組の前記上アーム回路部に実装されたパワー半導体素子のゲート電極と接続するための複数の上アーム制御端子を備え、
前記複数の上アーム制御端子は、該車両用パワーモジュールの前記他辺側に沿って、かつ、該他辺の略中央に寄せて配置される車両用パワーモジュール。 - 請求項1ないし12に記載されたいずれかの車両用パワーモジュールを備えた車両用電力変換装置であって、
該車両用パワーモジュールは、直流バッテリから供給される直流電力を交流電力に変換し、かつ該交流電力を車両駆動用モータに出力する車両用電力変換装置。 - 請求項13に記載された車両用電力変換装置であって、
前記車両用パワーモジュールは2つ備えられ、該2つの車両用パワーモジュールは、それぞれ異なるモータに前記交流電力を出力する車両用電力変換装置。 - 請求項1に記載された車両用パワーモジュールを備え、該車両用パワーモジュールは直流バッテリから供給される直流電力を交流電力に変換し、かつ該交流電力を車両駆動用モータに出力する車両用電力変換装置であって、
前記直流電力を平滑化するための平滑用コンデンサモジュールと、
前記車両用パワーモジュール及び前記平滑用コンデンサモジュールとを電気的に接続する積層幅広導体板と、
前記車両用パワーモジュールと前記平滑用コンデンサモジュールを収納する筐体と、
前記筐体に形成され、かつ冷却媒体を流すための流路形成体と、を備え、
前記車両用パワーモジュールは前記流路形成体の一方面側に配置され、前記平滑用コンデンサモジュールは該流路形成体を挟んで該流路形成体の他方面側に配置される車両用電力変換装置。 - 請求項15に記載された車両用電力変換装置であって、
前記積層幅広導体板は、前記流路形成体の側部を通って、前記車両用パワーモジュール及び前記平滑用コンデンサモジュールとを電気的に接続する車両用電力変換装置。 - 請求項9に記載された車両用パワーモジュールを備え、該車両用パワーモジュールは直流バッテリから供給される直流電力を交流電力に変換し、かつ該交流電力を車両駆動用モータに出力する車両用電力変換装置であって、
前記直流電力を平滑化するための平滑用コンデンサモジュールと、
前記車両用パワーモジュール及び前記平滑用コンデンサモジュールの正極側と接続される平板状正極側導体板と、該車両用パワーモジュール及び該平滑用コンデンサモジュールの負極側と接続される平板状負極側導体板と、該正極側導体板と該負極側導体板との間に積層される絶縁シートとを有する積層導体板と、を備え、
該積層導体板は、前記上アーム回路又は前記下アーム回路を覆って前記車両用パワーモジュールの上面に配置され、さらに前記直流端子と接続される車両用電力変換装置。 - 請求項17に記載された車両用電力変換装置であって、
前記車両用パワーモジュールは2つ備えられ、
前記積層導体板は、2つの前記車両用パワーモジュールの前記直流端子と接続される車両用電力変換装置。 - 請求項9に記載された車両用パワーモジュールを備え、該車両用パワーモジュールは直流バッテリから供給される直流電力を交流電力に変換し、かつ該交流電力を車両駆動用モータに出力する車両用電力変換装置であって、
往路及び復路を備えた略U字型に形成され、かつ冷却媒体を流すための流路形成体と、
前記車両用パワーモジュール及び前記流路形成体を収納する筐体と、を備え、
前記流路形成体の往路は、前記上アーム回路部のパワー半導体素子又は前記下アーム回路部のパワー半導体素子の下方に形成され、かつ前記流路形成体の復路は、前記下アーム回路部のパワー半導体素子又は前記上アーム回路部のパワー半導体素子の下方に形成される車両用電力変換装置。 - 請求項19に記載された車両用電力変換装置であって、
前記流路形成体は、開口部を有し、
前記車両用パワーモジュールの金属ベースは、前記開口部を塞いで、前記流路形成体に取り付けられる車両用電力変換装置。 - 請求項20に記載された車両用電力変換装置であって、
前記金属ベースは、前記流路形成体の開口部から、前記流路形成体の往路及び復路に突出したフィンを成型したことを特徴とする車両用電力変換装置。 - スイッチングにより、パワー半導体素子の両端の電位を短絡、開放することが可能な、少なくとも1つのパワー半導体素子を用いた半導体装置において、
薄板状で両面に電極を具備したパワー半導体素子と、
一面に少なくとも第1配線パターン,第2配線パターン,第3配線パターンの3つの配線パターンを具備した絶縁基板と、
前記絶縁基板の前記配線パターンが配置された面とは反対側の面に固着した金属ベースと、を備え、
前記絶縁基板の前記第1配線パターン上に前記パワー半導体素子の電極の片面を電気的に接続し、前記パワー半導体素子の電極の他面と第2配線パターン及び第3配線パターンを電気的に接続し、
前記第1配線パターンが概T字形状をとり、前記第2,第3配線パターンを第1配線パターンの概T字の縦棒の両側に配置し、
前記第1配線パターン,前記パワー半導体素子,前記第2配線パターンの第1電流経路と、前記第1配線パターン,前記パワー半導体素子,前記第3配線パターンの第2電流経路の、2つの往復するUターンの電流経路を構成し、
前記パワー半導体素子のスイッチング時に流れる電流により、前記金属ベースに誘導される渦電流が2つ、かつ、渦が互いに逆方向に生じること
を特徴とする半導体装置。 - 請求項22に記載の半導体装置であって、
前記配線パターンをもつ絶縁基板を備える第1回路及び第2回路を備え、
前記第1回路と前記第2回路の直列回路を構成し、前記パワー半導体素子のスイッチングにより、前記第1回路と前記第2回路の接続点から、前記直列回路の両端の電位を交互に出力することを特徴とする半導体装置。
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US20110051371A1 (en) | 2011-03-03 |
EP2315347A1 (en) | 2011-04-27 |
EP2315347A4 (en) | 2017-12-27 |
JP4988665B2 (ja) | 2012-08-01 |
US8422235B2 (en) | 2013-04-16 |
EP2315347B1 (en) | 2019-09-11 |
CN101960706A (zh) | 2011-01-26 |
WO2010016426A1 (ja) | 2010-02-11 |
CN101960706B (zh) | 2014-06-25 |
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