JP2007299728A - 低温出力特性が改善されたリチウム二次電池 - Google Patents
低温出力特性が改善されたリチウム二次電池 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2007299728A JP2007299728A JP2007045690A JP2007045690A JP2007299728A JP 2007299728 A JP2007299728 A JP 2007299728A JP 2007045690 A JP2007045690 A JP 2007045690A JP 2007045690 A JP2007045690 A JP 2007045690A JP 2007299728 A JP2007299728 A JP 2007299728A
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- Prior art keywords
- negative electrode
- lithium
- electrode mixture
- secondary battery
- active material
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910021450 lithium metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000006258 conductive agent Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002388 carbon-based active material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910003481 amorphous carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910002102 lithium manganese oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910021470 non-graphitizable carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910012465 LiTi Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- VLXXBCXTUVRROQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido-oxo-(oxomanganiooxy)manganese Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Mn](=O)O[Mn]=O VLXXBCXTUVRROQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- SOXUFMZTHZXOGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[Mn].[Co].[Ni] Chemical compound [Li].[Mn].[Co].[Ni] SOXUFMZTHZXOGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- -1 nickel metal hydride Chemical class 0.000 description 24
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 6
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- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 4
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- 229910015643 LiMn 2 O 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910014422 LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
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- 229910015645 LiMn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910014689 LiMnO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FDLZQPXZHIFURF-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[Ti+4].[Li+] Chemical compound [O-2].[Ti+4].[Li+] FDLZQPXZHIFURF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 2
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- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylene glycol Natural products OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 229910003480 inorganic solid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium bromide Chemical compound [Li+].[Br-] AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910000625 lithium cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QEXMICRJPVUPSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium manganese(2+) oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[Mn+2].[Li+] QEXMICRJPVUPSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido(oxo)cobalt Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Co]=O BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- URIIGZKXFBNRAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxonickel Chemical compound [Li].[Ni]=O URIIGZKXFBNRAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052976 metal sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- TZIHFWKZFHZASV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl formate Chemical compound COC=O TZIHFWKZFHZASV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910021382 natural graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- LQNUZADURLCDLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrobenzene Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 LQNUZADURLCDLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 2
- VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrachloromethane Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)Cl VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021437 lithium-transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920005608 sulfonated EPDM Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoroethene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)F BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)F TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- DQWPFSLDHJDLRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl phosphate Chemical compound CCOP(=O)(OCC)OCC DQWPFSLDHJDLRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001935 vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
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- H01M4/131—Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
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- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/485—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy
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- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/133—Electrodes based on carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
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- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
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Abstract
【解決手段】炭素系負極活物質を含むリチウム二次電池用負極合剤に、特定のリチウム金属酸化物及び/またはリチウム金属硫化物が所定量含まれており、低温での出力特性に優れ、常温だけでなく低温でも高出力を提供すべき電気自動車、ハイブリッド電気自動車などの電源として使用できるリチウム二次電池を提供する。
【選択図】なし
Description
LixMyOz (1)
Lix’My’Sz’ (2)
[上記式中、
Mはそれぞれ独立的にTi、Sn、Cu、Pb、Sb、Zn、Fe、In、AlまたはZrを表し、
x、y、z、x’、y’及びz’は、Mの酸化数(oxidation number)によって決定されるものである。]
「活物質」とは「活性物質」をも意味し、「負極合剤」は、「負極混合剤」又は「負極混合物」をも意味する。
LixMyOz (1)
Lix’My’Sz’ (2)
上記式中、Mはそれぞれ独立的にTi、Sn、Cu、Pb、Sb、Zn、Fe、In、AlまたはZrを表し;x、y、z、x’、y’及びz’は、Mの酸化数(oxidation number)によって決定される。
正極活物質としてLiMn2O4とLiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2の混合物(重量比=9:1)、導電剤としてスーパーP(Super P)、及び結合剤としてポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVDF)を、重量比85:10:5として溶媒(N−メチルピロリドン)に混合してスラリーを製造した。このスラリーをアルミニウム箔に均一に塗布し、130℃の対流式オーブンで乾燥したのちプレスして正極を製造した。
負極製造時に、Li4Ti5O12を30重量%添加した以外は、実施例1と同様にして電池を製造した。
負極製造時に、Li4Ti5O12の代わりにLiTiS2を同量添加した以外は、実施例1と同様にして電池を製造した。
負極製造時に、Li4Ti5O12の代わりにLiTi2O4を15重量%添加した以外は、実施例1と同様にして電池を製造した。
負極製造時に、Li4Ti5O12などの添加剤を添加せず、負極活物質、導電剤及び結着剤を90:5:5重量比とした以外は、実施例1と同様にして電池を製造した。
上記実施例1〜4と比較例1でそれぞれ製造された電池に対して、−30℃の条件で、SOC 50で10C-rateの電流でそれぞれ5初間放電して電圧降下(voltage drop)を測定した。その結果を、下記の表1に示す。
Claims (10)
- 炭素系負極活物質を含むリチウム二次電池用負極合剤であって、
下記式(1)で表されるリチウム金属酸化物及び下記の式(2)で表されるリチウム金属硫化物からなる群より選ばれた1または2以上の化合物を、前記負極合剤全体重量を基準に1〜50重量%含んでなる、負極合剤。
LixMyOz (1)
Lix’My’Sz’ (2)
[上記式中、
Mはそれぞれ独立的にTi、Sn、Cu、Pb、Sb、Zn、Fe、In、AlまたはZrを表し、
x、y、z、x’、y’及びz’は、Mの酸化数によって決定されるものである。] - 前記炭素系活物質が、結晶質炭素と非晶質炭素の混合物である、請求項1に記載の負極合剤。
- 前記混合物が、難黒鉛化炭素と黒鉛の混合物である、請求項2に記載の負極合剤。
- 上記式(1)で表されるリチウム金属酸化物が、Li4Ti5O12、LiTi2O4またはこれらの混合物である、請求項1に記載の負極合剤。
- 上記式(2)で表されるリチウム金属硫化物が、LiTiS2である、請求項1に記載の負極合剤。
- 前記化合物の含有量が、負極合剤全体重量を基準に5〜30重量%である、請求項1に記載の負極合剤。
- 前記負極合剤が、導電剤及び結着剤と、必要に応じて充填剤とをさらに含んでなる、請求項1に記載の負極合剤。
- 請求項1〜7のいずれか一項に記載の負極合剤で製造された負極と、正極と、分離膜と、及びリチウム塩含有非水電解質とを備えてなる、リチウム二次電池。
- 前記正極が、正極活物質として、リチウムマンガン酸化物及びリチウムニッケル−マンガン−コバルト複合酸化物の混合物を含んでなるものである、請求項8に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 前記電池が、優れた低温出力特性が要求される電気自動車またはハイブリッド電気自動車の電源として使用されるものである、請求項8に記載のリチウム二次電池。
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JP2011096372A (ja) * | 2009-10-27 | 2011-05-12 | National Institute Of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology | リチウムイオン二次電池用電極活物質及びその製造方法 |
JP2016536737A (ja) * | 2014-10-16 | 2016-11-24 | エルジー・ケム・リミテッド | 低温特性改善用添加剤を含む二次電池用負極及びこれを含む二次電池 |
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JP2020053154A (ja) * | 2018-09-25 | 2020-04-02 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 負極合材 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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JP5179070B2 (ja) | 2013-04-10 |
US20120100426A1 (en) | 2012-04-26 |
US20100015524A1 (en) | 2010-01-21 |
US8110308B2 (en) | 2012-02-07 |
KR20070106821A (ko) | 2007-11-06 |
JP5812971B2 (ja) | 2015-11-17 |
US7985504B2 (en) | 2011-07-26 |
KR100881637B1 (ko) | 2009-02-04 |
US20110244321A1 (en) | 2011-10-06 |
WO2007126257A1 (en) | 2007-11-08 |
JP2013058495A (ja) | 2013-03-28 |
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