JP6410737B2 - リチウムマンガン系酸化物及びそれを含む正極活物質 - Google Patents
リチウムマンガン系酸化物及びそれを含む正極活物質 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6410737B2 JP6410737B2 JP2015559204A JP2015559204A JP6410737B2 JP 6410737 B2 JP6410737 B2 JP 6410737B2 JP 2015559204 A JP2015559204 A JP 2015559204A JP 2015559204 A JP2015559204 A JP 2015559204A JP 6410737 B2 JP6410737 B2 JP 6410737B2
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- positive electrode
- lithium
- battery
- lithium manganese
- active material
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- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 title claims description 21
- 229910002102 lithium manganese oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 19
- VLXXBCXTUVRROQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido-oxo-(oxomanganiooxy)manganese Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Mn](=O)O[Mn]=O VLXXBCXTUVRROQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 19
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- KLARSDUHONHPRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[Mn] Chemical compound [Li].[Mn] KLARSDUHONHPRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910015118 LiMO Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- -1 nickel metal hydride Chemical class 0.000 description 22
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 15
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
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- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 4
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 4
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- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 4
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910013063 LiBF 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- CKFRRHLHAJZIIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt lithium Chemical compound [Li].[Co] CKFRRHLHAJZIIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006258 conductive agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
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- AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium bromide Chemical compound [Li+].[Br-] AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- TZIHFWKZFHZASV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl formate Chemical compound COC=O TZIHFWKZFHZASV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoroethene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)F BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)F TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006234 thermal black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- LLZRNZOLAXHGLL-UHFFFAOYSA-J titanic acid Chemical compound O[Ti](O)(O)O LLZRNZOLAXHGLL-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BDZBKCUKTQZUTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl phosphite Chemical compound CCOP(OCC)OCC BDZBKCUKTQZUTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MDCWDBMBZLORER-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenyl borate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OB(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 MDCWDBMBZLORER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G45/00—Compounds of manganese
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- C01D—COMPOUNDS OF ALKALI METALS, i.e. LITHIUM, SODIUM, POTASSIUM, RUBIDIUM, CAESIUM, OR FRANCIUM
- C01D15/00—Lithium compounds
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- C01G53/00—Compounds of nickel
- C01G53/40—Nickelates
- C01G53/42—Nickelates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2
- C01G53/44—Nickelates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese
- C01G53/56—Nickelates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese of the type [MnO3]2-, e.g. Li2[NixMn1-xO3], Li2[MyNixMn1-x-yO3
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- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- C01P2002/00—Crystal-structural characteristics
- C01P2002/30—Three-dimensional structures
- C01P2002/32—Three-dimensional structures spinel-type (AB2O4)
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Description
xLi2MnO3・(1−x)LiMO2 (1)
上記式中、
0<x<1、
Mは、Ni、Co及びMnからなる群から選択される1つ以上の元素である。
必須の遷移金属としてMnを含み、層状結晶構造を有するリチウムマンガン系酸化物として、0.25Li2MnO3・0.75Li(Mn0.47Ni0.53)O2を製造する過程において、酸化物形態のピラー物質としてNaCO3を0.05モル%添加し、空気中で800℃の温度範囲で5時間焼結することで、遷移金属層及び/又は酸素層にピラー元素(Na)が置換またはドープされている正極活物質を製造した。
実施例1の製造過程において、焼結温度が950℃の温度範囲で行われたこと以外は、正極の製造及び電池の製造方法においては実施例1と同様の方法でコイン型電池を作製した。
必須の遷移金属としてMnを含み、層状結晶構造を有するリチウムマンガン系酸化物として、0.15Li2MnO3・0.85Li(Mn0.41Ni0.47Co0.12)O2を製造する過程において、酸化物形態のピラー物質としてZrO2を0.02モル%添加し、空気中で950℃の温度範囲で5時間焼結することで、遷移金属層及び/又は酸素層にピラー元素(Zr)が置換またはドープされている正極活物質を製造した。
実施例2のリチウムマンガン複合酸化物の製造過程において、ピラー物質を添加していないこと以外は、正極の製造及び電池の製造方法においては実施例2と同様の方法でコイン型電池を作製した。
実施例3のリチウムマンガン複合酸化物の製造過程において、ピラー物質を添加していないこと以外は、正極の製造及び電池の製造方法においては実施例3と同様の方法でコイン型電池を作製した。
実施例1、2及び比較例1で製造された電池を2.5〜4.65Vの電圧範囲で0.1 C−rateの電流条件で初期サイクルを行ったとき、放電容量を得て、下記の表1及び図1に示した。
実施例1、2及び比較例1で製造された電池を3.0〜4.4Vの電圧範囲で0.5 C−rateの電流を流して寿命特性の実験を行い、このとき、寿命特性を、30サイクル行った後、初期容量に対する維持率として評価して、表2及び図2に示した。
実施例3及び比較例2で製造された電池を3.0〜4.4Vの電圧範囲で0.1 C−rateの電流条件で初期サイクルを行ったとき、放電容量を得て、下記の表3及び図4に示した。
実施例3及び比較例2で製造された電池を3.0〜4.4Vの電圧範囲で0.5 C−rateの電流を流して寿命特性の実験を行い、このとき、寿命特性を、30サイクル行った後、初期容量に対する維持率として評価して、表4及び図4に示した。
Claims (9)
- 必須の遷移金属としてMnを含み、層状結晶構造を有するリチウムマンガン系酸化物であって、
前記Mnの含量がその他の遷移金属の含量よりも多く、
4.4V以上の高電圧の範囲での最初の充電時にリチウム脱離と共に酸素が放出される平坦準位の区間特性を有し、
前記Mnを含む遷移金属層及び/又は酸素層にピラー元素が置換またはドープされており、
前記Mnの含量が、遷移金属の全量を基準にして50モル%以上であり、
前記ピラー元素が、Naであり、
下記化学式1で表されることを特徴とする、リチウムマンガン系酸化物:
xLi2MnO3・(1−x)LiMO2 (1)
上記式中、
0<x<1、
Mが、Ni、Co及びMnからなる群から選択される1つ以上の元素である。 - 前記ピラー元素の含量が、リチウムマンガン系酸化物の全量を基準にして0.02〜0.1モル%であることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載のリチウムマンガン系酸化物。
- 請求項1又は2に記載のリチウムマンガン系酸化物を含むことを特徴とする、二次電池用正極活物質。
- 請求項3に記載の正極活物質を含むことを特徴とする、二次電池用正極合剤。
- 請求項4に記載の二次電池用正極合剤が集電体上に塗布されていることを特徴とする、二次電池用正極。
- 請求項5に記載の二次電池用正極を含むことを特徴とする、リチウム二次電池。
- 請求項6に記載のリチウム二次電池を単位電池として含むことを特徴とする、電池モジュール。
- 請求項7に記載の電池モジュールを含むことを特徴とする、電池パック。
- 請求項8に記載の電池パックを電源として使用することを特徴とする、デバイス。
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