EP4263543A1 - Composés azotés pour dispositifs électroluminescents organiques - Google Patents

Composés azotés pour dispositifs électroluminescents organiques

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Publication number
EP4263543A1
EP4263543A1 EP21823946.5A EP21823946A EP4263543A1 EP 4263543 A1 EP4263543 A1 EP 4263543A1 EP 21823946 A EP21823946 A EP 21823946A EP 4263543 A1 EP4263543 A1 EP 4263543A1
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Prior art keywords
radicals
group
substituted
aromatic
atoms
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EP21823946.5A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Philipp Stoessel
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Merck Patent GmbH
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Merck Patent GmbH
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    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
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    • C07D487/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00
    • C07D487/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
    • C07D487/04—Ortho-condensed systems
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    • C07D471/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00
    • C07D471/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00 in which the condensed system contains three hetero rings
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    • C07D471/22—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00 in which the condensed systems contains four or more hetero rings
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    • C07D487/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
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    • C07D487/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00 in which the condensed system contains three hetero rings
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    • C07D487/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00
    • C07D487/22—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00 in which the condensed system contains four or more hetero rings
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    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D491/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed ring system both one or more rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms and one or more rings having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D459/00, C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D489/00
    • C07D491/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed ring system both one or more rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms and one or more rings having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D459/00, C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D489/00 in which the condensed system contains three hetero rings
    • C07D491/16—Peri-condensed systems
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    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D491/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed ring system both one or more rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms and one or more rings having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D459/00, C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D489/00
    • C07D491/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed ring system both one or more rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms and one or more rings having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D459/00, C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D489/00 in which the condensed system contains three hetero rings
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    • C07D491/22—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed ring system both one or more rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms and one or more rings having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D459/00, C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D489/00 in which the condensed system contains four or more hetero rings
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    • C07D495/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • C07D495/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in which the condensed system contains three hetero rings
    • C07D495/16—Peri-condensed systems
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    • C07D495/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • C07D495/22—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in which the condensed system contains four or more hetero rings
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    • C09K11/00—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
    • C09K11/06—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing organic luminescent materials
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    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
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    • H10K50/11—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED] characterised by the electroluminescent [EL] layers
    • H10K50/12—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED] characterised by the electroluminescent [EL] layers comprising dopants
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    • H10K85/649—Aromatic compounds comprising a hetero atom
    • H10K85/654—Aromatic compounds comprising a hetero atom comprising only nitrogen as heteroatom
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    • H10K85/657—Polycyclic condensed heteroaromatic hydrocarbons
    • H10K85/6572—Polycyclic condensed heteroaromatic hydrocarbons comprising only nitrogen in the heteroaromatic polycondensed ring system, e.g. phenanthroline or carbazole
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    • H10K85/649—Aromatic compounds comprising a hetero atom
    • H10K85/657—Polycyclic condensed heteroaromatic hydrocarbons
    • H10K85/6574—Polycyclic condensed heteroaromatic hydrocarbons comprising only oxygen in the heteroaromatic polycondensed ring system, e.g. cumarine dyes
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    • H10K85/649—Aromatic compounds comprising a hetero atom
    • H10K85/657—Polycyclic condensed heteroaromatic hydrocarbons
    • H10K85/6576—Polycyclic condensed heteroaromatic hydrocarbons comprising only sulfur in the heteroaromatic polycondensed ring system, e.g. benzothiophene
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    • C09K2211/00—Chemical nature of organic luminescent or tenebrescent compounds
    • C09K2211/10—Non-macromolecular compounds
    • C09K2211/1018—Heterocyclic compounds
    • C09K2211/1025—Heterocyclic compounds characterised by ligands
    • C09K2211/1029—Heterocyclic compounds characterised by ligands containing one nitrogen atom as the heteroatom
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    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/549—Organic PV cells

Definitions

  • Nitrogen-containing compounds for organic electroluminescent devices The present invention relates to nitrogen-containing compounds for use in electronic devices, in particular in organic electroluminescent devices, and electronic devices, in particular organic electroluminescent devices, containing these aromatic compounds.
  • organic electroluminescent devices phosphorescent organometallic complexes or fluorescent compounds are frequently used as emitting materials.
  • there is still a need for improvement in electroluminescent devices Known from US 2010/0051928, WO 2010/104047 A1, US 2014/319507 A1, WO 2017/175690, US 2019/0393439, CN 110452226 A, WO 2019/132506 A1 and WO 2020/064666 A1 are polycyclic compounds organic electroluminescent devices can be used.
  • the object of the present invention is therefore to provide compounds which are suitable for use in an organic electronic device, in particular in an organic electroluminescent device, and which lead to good device properties when used in this device, and to provide the corresponding electronic device .
  • the compounds should have excellent processability, and the compounds should in particular have good solubility.
  • a further object of the present invention can be seen as providing compounds which are suitable for use in a phosphorescent or fluorescent electroluminescent device, in particular as an emitter.
  • the compounds should lead to devices which have excellent color purity, particularly when they are used as emitters in organic electroluminescent devices.
  • a further object can be seen in providing electronic devices with excellent performance as cost-effectively as possible and with constant quality.
  • the electronic devices should be able to be used or adapted for many purposes. In particular, the performance of the electronic devices should be maintained over a wide temperature range.
  • the radical R y bonded to the group Y does not have an acidic proton in the vicinity of the group Y, preferably a keto-enol tautomerism is excluded if Y is C ⁇ O.
  • An acidic proton in this sense is a proton which has a high pKa value, the pKa value of a proton preferably being at least 21, preferably at least 22 and particularly preferably at least 25.
  • the radical R y bonded to the group Y and the radical R a adjacent to the group form a condensed ring with the other groups to which the two radicals R y , R a bind, preferably an aliphatic or heteroaliphatic ring with 3 to 20, preferably 5 to 18 ring atoms or an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring with 5 to 13 ring atoms, particularly preferably an aliphatic or heteroaliphatic ring with 3 to 20, preferably 5 to 18 ring atoms, with one or more R 1 radicals can be substituted, where R 1 has the meaning given above, in particular for formula (I).
  • At least one, preferably at least two, of the radicals R, R a , R b , R c , R d , R e are not equal to H, preferably not equal to H, D, OH, NO 2 , F, Cl, Br, I.
  • At least one of the radicals R a preferably both radicals R a
  • the statements made above with regard to preferred radicals R a must be taken into account here.
  • at least one of the R c radicals, preferably both R c radicals is/are not H, with particularly preferably at least one of the R c radicals, preferably both R c radicals, not being H, D, F, Cl, Br , I.
  • the statements made above with regard to preferred radicals R c must be taken into account here.
  • At least one of the radicals R a and at least one of the radicals R c is not equal to H, preferably not equal to H, D, F, Cl, Br, I.
  • Both radicals R a and both radicals R are particularly preferred c is not equal to H, preferably not equal to H, D, F, Cl, Br, I.
  • the radical R represents an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 13 aromatic ring atoms, which can be substituted by one or more radicals R e .
  • a radical R a and a radical R c form a condensed ring, preferably an aliphatic or heteroaliphatic ring, with the other groups to which the two radicals R a , R c are bonded having 3 to 20, preferably 5 to 18 ring atoms or an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring having 5 to 13 ring atoms, particularly preferably an aliphatic or heteroaliphatic ring having 3 to 20, preferably 5 to 18 ring atoms, which may be substituted with one or more R 1 radicals can, where R 1 has the meaning given above, in particular for formula (I).
  • the radical R comprises an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system with 5 to 13 aromatic ring atoms, which can be substituted with one or more radicals R e and at least two radicals R a , R c form a ring with the further groups , to which the two radicals R a , R c bind, form a fused ring, which can each be substituted by one or more radicals R 1 .
  • the radical R comprises an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 13 aromatic ring atoms, which may be substituted with one or more radicals Re, and the radical Ry bonded to the group Y and the radical adjacent to the group R a and the other groups to which the radicals R a and R y are bonded form a fused ring, which can each be substituted by one or more radicals R 1 .
  • a compound/structure according to the invention preferably comprises at least one, preferably two, fused rings Rings which are formed by the radical R y bonded to the group Y and the radical R a adjacent to the group with the further groups to which the two radicals R y , R a bind, and the radical R represents an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system with 5 to 13 aromatic ring atoms.
  • Condensed rings can be aliphatic, heteroaliphatic, aromatic or heteroaromatic, where in preferred configurations are set out above and below, with an aliphatic or heteroaliphatic ring having 3 to 20, preferably 5 to 18 ring atoms or an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring having 5 to 13 ring atoms preferably being formed, particularly preferably an aliphatic or heteroaliphatic ring having 3 to 20, preferably 5 to 18 ring atoms, which can each be substituted by one or more radicals R 1 .
  • An aryl group within the meaning of this invention contains 6 to 40 carbon atoms; a heteroaryl group within the meaning of this invention contains 2 to 40 carbon atoms and at least one heteroatom, with the proviso that the sum of carbon atoms and heteroatoms is at least 5.
  • the heteroatoms are preferably selected from N, O and/or S.
  • An aryl group or heteroaryl group is either a simple aromatic cycle, i.e. benzene, or a simple heteroaromatic cycle, for example pyridine, pyrimidine, thiophene, etc. or a fused (fused) aryl or heteroaryl group, for example naphthalene, anthracene, phenanthrene, quinoline, isoquinoline, etc.
  • aromatics linked to one another by a single bond are not referred to as aryl or heteroaryl groups, but as aromatic ring systems.
  • An electron-deficient heteroaryl group in the context of the present invention is a heteroaryl group which has at least one heteroaromatic six-membered ring with at least one nitrogen atom. Further aromatic or heteroaromatic five-membered rings or six-membered rings can be fused onto this six-membered ring.
  • electron-deficient heteroaryl groups are pyridine, pyrimidine, pyrazine, pyridazine, triazine, quinoline, quinazoline or quinoxaline.
  • An aromatic ring system within the meaning of this invention contains 6 to 60 carbon atoms in the ring system, preferably 6 to 40 carbon atoms in the ring system.
  • a heteroaromatic ring system within the meaning of this invention contains 2 to 60 carbon atoms, preferably 3 to 40 carbon atoms, and at least one heteroatom in the ring system, with the proviso that the sum of carbon atoms and heteroatoms is at least 5.
  • the heteroatoms are preferably selected from N, O and / or S.
  • An aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system in the context of this invention should be understood to mean a system which does not necessarily only contain aryl or heteroaryl groups, but in which several aryl or Heteroaryl groups through a non-aromatic moiety, such as.
  • a C, N or O atom may be connected.
  • systems such as fluorene, 9,9'-spirobifluorene, 9,9-diarylfluorene, triarylamine, diaryl ether, stilbene, etc. should also be understood as aromatic ring systems for the purposes of this invention, and also systems in which two or more aryl groups, for example connected by a short alkyl group.
  • the aromatic ring system is preferably selected from fluorene, 9,9'-spirobifluorene, 9,9-diarylamine or groups in which two or more aryl and/or heteroaryl groups are linked to one another by single bonds.
  • an aliphatic hydrocarbon radical or an alkyl group or an alkenyl or alkynyl group which can contain 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and which also contains individual H atoms or CH 2 groups, are represented by the groups mentioned above can be substituted, preferably the radicals methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, n-butyl, i-butyl, s-butyl, t-butyl, 2-methylbutyl, n-pentyl, s-pentyl, neo-pentyl , cyclopentyl, n-hexyl, neo-hexyl, cyclohexyl, n-heptyl, cycloheptyl, n-octyl, cyclooctyl, 2-ethylhexyl, trifluoromethyl, pentafluoroethyl
  • An alkoxy group having 1 to 40 carbon atoms is preferably methoxy, trifluoromethoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, i-propoxy, n-butoxy, i-butoxy, s-butoxy, t-butoxy, n-pentoxy, s- pentoxy, 2-methylbutoxy, n-hexoxy, cyclohexyloxy, n-heptoxy, cycloheptyloxy, n-octyloxy, cyclooctyloxy, 2-ethylhexyloxy, pentafluoroethoxy and 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy.
  • a thioalkyl group with 1 to 40 carbon atoms is, in particular, methylthio, ethylthio, n-propylthio, i-propylthio, n-butylthio, i-butylthio, s-butylthio, t-butylthio, n-pentylthio, s-pentylthio, n-hexylthio, cyclohexylthio, n-heptylthio, cycloheptylthio, n-octylthio, cyclooctylthio, 2-ethylhexylthio, trifluoromethylthio, pentafluoroethylthio, 2,2,2-trifluoroethylthio, ethenylthio, propenylthio, butenylthio, pentenylthio, cyclopentenylthi
  • my alkyl, alkoxy or thioalkyl groups can be straight-chain, branched or cyclic, it being possible for one or more non-adjacent CH 2 groups to be replaced by the groups mentioned above; furthermore, one or more H atoms can also be replaced by D, F, Cl, Br, I, CN or NO 2 , preferably F, Cl or CN, more preferably F or CN, particularly preferably CN.
  • aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system with 5-60 or 5 to 40 aromatic ring atoms which can be substituted with the above-mentioned radicals and which can be linked via any position on the aromatic or heteroaromatic, is understood to mean, in particular, groups derived from benzene, naphthalene, anthracene, benzanthracene, phenanthrene, pyrene, chrysene, perylene, fluoranthene, naphthacene, pentacene, benzopyrene, biphenyl, biphenylene, terphenyl, triphenylene, fluorene, spirobifluorene, dihydrophenanthrene, dihydropyrene, tetrahydropyrene, cis- or trans-indenofluorene, cis- or trans-indenocarbazole, cis- or trans-indolocarbazole, truxene, isotruxen
  • the wording that two or more radicals can form a ring with one another is to be understood, inter alia, as meaning that the two radicals are linked to one another by a chemical bond with formal splitting off of two hydrogen atoms. This is illustrated by the following scheme. .
  • the above formulation should also be understood to mean that if one of the two radicals is hydrogen, the second radical binds to the position to which the hydrogen atom was bonded, forming a ring. This should be illustrated by the following scheme: .
  • the compounds according to the invention can comprise a structure of the formulas (Ia) and/or (Ib), the compounds according to the invention can particularly preferably be selected from the compounds of the formulas (Ia) and/or (Ib),
  • T 1 is the same or different on each occurrence fused ring, preferably an aliphatic or heteroaliphatic ring having 3 to 20, preferably 5 to 18, ring atoms or an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring having 5 to 13 ring atoms, particularly preferably an aliphatic or heteroaliphatic ring having 3 to 20, preferably 5 to 18 Ring atoms which may be substituted by one or more R 1 radicals, where R 1 has the meaning given above, in particular for formula (I);
  • T 2 is identical or different on each occurrence for a fused ring, preferably for an aliphatic or heteroaliphatic ring having 3 to 20, preferably 5 to 18 ring atoms or for an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring having 5 to 13 ring atoms, particularly preferably for an aliphatic or heteroaliphatic ring
  • compounds/structures where the symbol X in formula (I) is CYR y show unexpected advantages in terms of performance, particularly in relation to the Color purity, so that compounds with two groups CYR y or substituents YR y on the aromatic rings show significantly narrower emission spectra.
  • the structures/compounds of the formulas (I-1) to (I-26) are preferred, structures/compounds of the formulas (I-1) to (I-7) and (I-14) to (I-26) are particularly preferred preferred and structures/compounds of the formulas (I-14) to (I-20) are very particularly preferred.
  • At least two radicals R, R a , R b , R c , R d , R e , R y are connected to the other groups to which the two radicals R, R a , R b , R c , R d , R e , R y form a fused ring, where the two radicals R, R a , R b , R c , R d , R e , R y have at least one structure of the following formulas ( Form Cy-1) to (Cy-10).
  • R 3 is not H and/or D. If adjacent radicals in the structures according to the invention form an aliphatic ring system, then it is preferred if this has no acidic benzylic protons.
  • benzylic protons is meant protons that bond to an alkyl carbon atom bonded directly to an aryl or heteroaryl group. This can be achieved if the carbon atoms of the aliphatic ring system which bond directly to an aryl or heteroaryl group are fully substituted and contain no hydrogen atoms attached.
  • the absence of acidic benzylic protons in formulas (Cy-1) to (Cy-3) is achieved in that Z 1 and Z 3 , when they represent C(R 3 ) 2 , are defined such that R 3 is not equal to hydrogen. Furthermore, this can also be achieved in that the carbon atoms of the aliphatic ring system which bond directly to an aryl or heteroaryl group are the bridgeheads of a bi- or polycyclic structure.
  • the protons bonded to bridgehead carbon atoms are substantially less acidic than benzylic protons on carbon atoms not bonded in a bi- or polycyclic structure due to the spatial structure of the bi- or polycyclic structure and are considered non-acidic protons for the purposes of the present invention.
  • At most one of the groups Z 1 , Z 2 and Z 3 is a heteroatom, in particular O or NR 3 , or O or NR 1 , and the other groups are C(R 3 ) 2 or C(R 1 ) 2 or Z 1 and Z 3 , the same or different on each occurrence, are O or NR 3 and Z 2 is C(R 1 ) 2 .
  • Z 1 and Z 3 are identical or different on each occurrence for C(R 3 ) 2 and Z 2 is C(R 1 ) 2 and particularly preferably C(R 3 ) 2 or CH 2 .
  • the radical R 1 which is bonded to the bridgehead atom, preferably to the bridgehead atom according to formulas (Cy-4) to (Cy-10), is the same or different on each occurrence and is selected from the group consisting of H , D, F, a straight-chain alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, which may be substituted by one or more radicals R 2 , but is preferably unsubstituted, a branched or cyclic alkyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, with one or several radicals R 2 may be substituted, but is preferably unsubstituted, or an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 12 aromatic ring atoms, which may be substituted by one or more radicals R 2 in each case.
  • the radical R 1 which is bonded to the bridgehead atom according to formula (CY-4) is particularly preferably selected identically or differently on each occurrence from the group consisting of H, F, a straight-chain alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, one branched alkyl group having 3 or 4 carbon atoms or a phenyl group which may be substituted by an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, but is preferably unsubstituted.
  • the radical R 1 is preferably selected identically or differently on each occurrence from the group consisting of H, methyl or tert-butyl.
  • At least two radicals R, R a , R b , R c , R d , R e , R y are connected to the other groups to which the two radicals R, R a , R b , R c , R d , R e , R y form a fused ring, where the two radicals R, R a , R b , R c , R d , R e , R y form at least one structure of the formulas (RA -1) to (RA-13) forms
  • R 1 has the meaning set out above, the dashed bonds represent the attachment points via which the two radicals R, R a , R b , R c , R d , R e , R y bond, and the other symbols have the following meaning :
  • R f is the same or different on each occurrence and is F, a straight-chain alkyl, alkoxy or thioalkoxy group having 1 to 40 carbon atoms or an alkenyl or alkynyl group having 2 to 40 carbon atoms or a branched or cyclic alky
  • structures of formulas are RA-1 , RA-3, RA-4 and RA-5 are preferred and structures of formulas RA-4 and RA-5 are particularly preferred.
  • at least two radicals R, R a , R b , R c , R d , R e , R y form with the further groups to which the two radicals R, R a , R b , R c , R d , R e , R y bind a fused ring, wherein the two radicals R, R a , R b , R c , R d , R e , R y preferably have at least one of the structures of the formulas (RA-1a) bis (RA-4f) forms
  • a radical R a and a radical R c have the structures of the formulas (Cy-1) to (Cy-10), (RA-1) to (RA-13) and/or (RA-1a) to (RA-4f) and form a fused ring, wherein the group R a and the group R c are preferably adjacent.
  • a radical R a and a radical R y have structures of the formulas (Cy-1) to (Cy-10), (RA-1) to (RA-13) and/or (RA-1a) to (RA-4f) and form a fused ring, wherein the group R a and the group R y are preferably adjacent.
  • a radical R b and a radical R y can also have structures of the formulas (Cy-1) to (Cy-10), (RA-1) to (RA-13) and/or (RA-1a) to (RA- 4f) and form a fused ring, ring formation via a radical R a being preferred.
  • two radicals R b have the structures of the formulas (Cy-1) to (Cy-10), (RA-1) to (RA-13) and/or (RA-1a) to ( RA-4f) and form a fused ring, with the R b groups preferably being adjacent.
  • the two radicals R b can also originate from different rings, the rings each bonding to the nitrogen atom of the basic structure.
  • a radical R d with a radical R or R e has the structures of the formulas (Cy-1) to (Cy-10), (RA-1) to (RA-13) and/or (RA- 1a) to (RA-4f) and form a condensed ring.
  • two radicals R e have the structures of the formulas (Cy-1) to (Cy-10), (RA-1) to (RA-13) and/or (RA-1a) to (RA- 4f) and form a fused ring, with the R e groups preferably being adjacent.
  • a radical R a with a radical R c , a radical R a with a radical R y , a radical R d with a radical R or R e or two radicals R e preferably form the structures of the formulas (Cy-1) to ( Cy-10), (RA-1) to (RA-13) and/or (RA-1a) to (RA-4f) and each form at least one condensed ring, particularly preferably a radical R a with a radical R c , and/or a radical R a with a radical R y .
  • At least two radicals R, R a , R b , R c , R d , R e , R y form with the further groups to which the two radicals R, R a , R b , R c , R d , R e , R y bind a fused ring with the two groups R, R a , R b , R c , R d , R e , R y forming structures of formula (RB).
  • R 1 has the meaning mentioned above, in particular for formula (I)
  • the dashed bonds represent the attachment points via which the two radicals R, R a , R b , R c , R d , R e , R y bind
  • the Index m is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4, preferably 0, 1 or 2
  • Y 3 is C(R 1 ) 2 , NR 1 , NAr', BR 1 , BAr', O or S, preferably C( R 1 ) 2 , NAr' or O, where Ar' has the meaning given above, in particular for formula (I).
  • a radical R d with a radical R or R e form the structures of the formula (RB) and form a fused ring.
  • two radicals R e form the structures of the formula (RB) and form a fused ring, the radicals R e preferably being adjacent.
  • the sum of the indices r, s, t, v, m and n is preferably 0, 1, 2 or 3, particularly preferably 1 or 2.
  • a radical R a with a radical R c , a radical R a with a radical R y , a radical R d with a radical R or R e or two radicals R e preferably form the structures of the Formulas (Cy-1) to (Cy-10), (RA-1) to (RA-13) and/or (RA-1a) to (RA-4f) and each form at least one condensed ring.
  • a radical R a with a radical R c and a radical R a with a radical R y each form a fused ring in the event that X in formula (I) represents N, C—CN or CR b , or two radicals R a each form a fused ring with two radicals R y in the event that X in formula (I) is CYR y .
  • the substituents R, R a , R b , R c , R d , R e , R f , R y , R 1 and R 2 according to the above formulas with the ring atoms of Ring system to which the substituents R, R a , R b , R c , R d , R e , R f , R y , R 1 and R 2 bind do not form a fused aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system.
  • the substituents particularly preferably have no aryl or heteroaryl groups with six-membered rings directly fused to one another. This preference is due to the low triplet energy of such structures. Phenanthrene and triphenylene are fused aryl groups with more than two aromatic six-membered rings directly fused to one another, which are nevertheless also suitable according to the invention, since these also have a high triplet level. It can therefore preferably be provided that the radical R does not comprise a continuously conjugated anthracene group, preferably none of the radicals R, R a , R b , R c , R d , R e , R f , R y , R 1 , R 2 comprises an anthracene group conjugated throughout.
  • End-to-end conjugation of the anthracene group is established when direct bonds are formed between the anthracene group, the inventive backbone represented in formula (I), and an optional aromatic or heteroaromatic linking group.
  • a further linkage between the aforementioned conjugated groups which takes place for example via an S, N or O atom or a carbonyl group, does not damage a conjugation.
  • the two aromatic rings are bonded directly, with the sp 3 hybridized carbon atom in position 9 preventing condensation of these rings, but conjugation can take place since this sp 3 hybridized carbon atom in position 9 is not necessarily between the groups that are connected via a connection group.
  • a spirobifluorene structure continuous conjugation can be formed if the linkage between the groups linked through the spirobifluorene group is through the same phenyl group of the spirobifluorene structure or through phenyl groups of the spirobifluorene structure that are directly bonded to each other and lie in a plane, he follows. If the linkage between the groups linked through one spirobifluorene group is through different phenyl groups of the second spirobifluorene structure linked through the sp 3 hybridized carbon atom at position 9, the conjugation is disrupted.
  • the radical R does not include an anthracene group, preferably none of the radicals R, R a , R b , R c , R d , R e , R f , R y , R 1 , R 2 one Anthracene group includes.
  • the radicals R do not comprise any aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system which has three linearly fused aromatic 6-rings, with preferably none of the radicals R, R a , R b , R c , R d , R e , R f , R y , R 1 , R 2 comprises an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system which has three linearly fused aromatic 6 rings. Provision can furthermore be made for the radical R y not to include or form a fluorenone group, preferably none of the radicals R, R a , R b , R c , R d , R e to include or form a fluorenone group.
  • a fluorenone comprises a 5-membered ring containing a CO group to which two 6-membered aromatic rings are fused. If two radicals, which can be selected in particular from R, R a , R b , R c , R d , R e , R f , R y , R 1 and R 2 , form a ring system with one another, this can be mono- or be polycyclic, aliphatic, heteroaliphatic, aromatic or heteroaromatic.
  • radicals that form a ring system with one another can be adjacent, ie these radicals are attached to the same carbon atom or to carbon atoms directly are bound together, are bound together, or they may be further apart.
  • the ring systems provided with the substituents R, R a , R b , R c , R d , R e , R f , R y , R 1 and/or R 2 can also be connected to one another via a bond, so that a Ring closure can be effected.
  • each of the corresponding binding sites is preferably provided with a substituent R, R a , R b , R c , R d , R e , R f , R y , R 1 and/or R 2 .
  • the structure/connection is symmetrical with respect to the radicals R a , R b and R c .
  • the structure/connection is symmetrical with respect to the radicals R a , R b , R c and R d .
  • Symmetric with respect to the radicals R a and R c means in particular that the corresponding radicals R a and R c are the same and do not differ. In this case, the equality relates to both radicals R a and R c .
  • both R c groups form an identical ring of structure RA-1.
  • Structures/compounds in which the radicals R a and R c are symmetrical are distinguished by a surprisingly high degree of color purity, which is reflected in particular in a narrow emission spectrum. In a further configuration, the structure/compound can be asymmetrical with respect to the radicals R a and R c .
  • the radical R contains at least one group selected from C(Ar) 3 , C( Re ) 3 , N(Ar) 2 , N( Re ) 2 , Si(Ar) 3 , Si( Re ) 3 , B( Re ) 2 , preferably selected from C(Ar) 3 , C( Re ) 3 , N(Ar) 2 , Si(Ar) 3 , Si( Re ) 3 , particularly preferably a fluorene group , which may be substituted with one or more R e radicals, represents, comprises or forms with a R d radical.
  • a compound according to the invention can be represented by at least one of the structures of the formula (I), (Ia), (Ib) and/or (I-1) to (I-147).
  • Compounds according to the invention preferably comprising structures of the formula (I), (Ia), (Ib) and/or (I-1) to (I-147), preferably have a molecular weight of less than or equal to 5000 g/mol, preferably less than or equal to 4000 g/mol, particularly preferably less than or equal to 3000 g/mol, especially preferably less than or equal to 2000 g/mol and very particularly preferably less than or equal to 1200 g/mol.
  • preferred compounds according to the invention are characterized in that they can be sublimed. These compounds generally have a molar mass of less than about 1200 g/mol.
  • Preferred aromatic or heteroaromatic ring systems Ar, R, R a , R b , R c , R d , R e , R f and/or Ar' are selected from phenyl, biphenyl, in particular ortho-, meta- or para-biphenyl, Terphenyl, in particular ortho-, meta-, para- or branched terphenyl, quaterphenyl, in particular ortho-, meta-, para- or branched quaterphenyl, fluorene which is linked via the 1-, 2-, 3- or 4-position can be, spirobifluorene, which can be linked via the 1-, 2-, 3- or 4-position, naphthalene, in particular 1- or 2-linked naphthalene, indole, benzofuran, benzothiophene, carbazole, which can be linked via the 1- , 2-, 3-, 4- or 9-position can be linked, dibenzofuran, which via the 1-, 2-, 3- or 4-position
  • Preferred embodiments are then those in which one group A is NR 1 and the other group A is C(R 1 ) 2 or in which both groups A are NR 1 or in which both groups A are O.
  • A is NR 1
  • the substituent R 1 which is bonded to the nitrogen atom is preferably an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 24 aromatic ring atoms, which can also be substituted by one or more R 2 radicals.
  • this substituent R 1 is identical or different on each occurrence for an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system with 6 to 24 aromatic ring atoms, in particular with 6 to 18 aromatic ring atoms, which has no fused aryl groups and which no fused heteroaryl groups in which two or more aromatic or heteroaromatic 6-ring groups are fused directly to one another, and which can each also be substituted by one or more radicals R 2 .
  • Triazine, pyrimidine and quinazoline are also preferred, as listed above for Ar-47 to Ar-50, Ar-57 and Ar-58, it being possible for these structures to be substituted by one or more R 2 radicals instead of by R 1 .
  • R, R a , R b , R c , R d , R e and R f are described below.
  • R, R a , R b , R c , R d , R e is the same or different on each occurrence selected from the group consisting of H, D, F, CN, NO 2 , Si(R 1 ) 3 , B(OR 1 ) 2 , a straight-chain alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms or a branched or cyclic alkyl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, where each alkyl group may be substituted by one or more radicals R 1 , or an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 60 aromatic ring atoms, preferably atoms having 5 to 40 aromatic ring, each may be substituted by one or more R 1 radicals.
  • the substituent R, R a , R b , R c , R d , R e is the same or different on each occurrence and is selected from the group consisting of H, D, F, a straight-chain alkyl group with 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or a branched or cyclic alkyl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, where each alkyl group can be substituted by one or more radicals R 1 , or an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 60 aromatic ring atoms, preferably 5 up to 40 aromatic ring atoms, each of which can be substituted by one or more radicals R 1 .
  • At least one substituent R, R a , R b , R c , R d , R e is selected identically or differently on each occurrence from the group consisting of H, D, an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system with 6 bis 30 aromatic ring atoms, which can be substituted by one or more radicals R 1 , or a group N(Ar') 2 .
  • the substituents R, R a , R b , R c , R d , R e either form a ring according to the structures of the formulas (RA-1) to (RA-13), (RA-1a ) to (RA-4f) or (RB) or R, R a , R b , R c , R d , R e is the same or different at each occurrence selected from the group consisting of H, D, an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system with 6 to 30 aromatic ring atoms, which can be substituted by one or more radicals R 1 , or a group N(Ar') 2 .
  • Substituents R, R a , R b , R c , R d , R e which are the same or different on each occurrence, are particularly preferably selected from the group consisting of H or an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 6 to 24 aromatic ring atoms, preferably with 6 to 18 aromatic ring atoms, particularly preferably with 6 to 13 aromatic ring atoms, each of which can be substituted by one or more radicals R 1 .
  • R f is the same or different on each occurrence selected from the group consisting of a straight-chain alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms or a branched or cyclic alkyl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, where the alkyl group can each be substituted by one or more R 2 radicals, or an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 60 aromatic ring atoms, preferably having 5 to 40 aromatic ring atoms, which can each be substituted by one or more R 2 radicals.
  • R f is the same or different on each occurrence selected from the group consisting of a straight-chain alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms or a branched or cyclic alkyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, the alkyl group in each case may be substituted with one or more R 2 radicals, an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 6 to 30 aromatic ring atoms, which may be substituted with one or more R 2 radicals.
  • R a is particularly preferably the same or different on each occurrence selected from the group consisting of a straight-chain alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms or a branched or cyclic alkyl group having 3 to 5 carbon atoms, the alkyl group in each case having one or more radicals R 2 can be substituted or an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system with 6 to 24 aromatic ring atoms, preferably with 6 to 18 aromatic ring atoms, particularly preferably with 6 to 13 aromatic ring atoms, which can each be substituted with one or more R 2 radicals can.
  • R f is selected the same or different each time it occurs from the group consisting of a straight-chain alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms or a cyclic alkyl group having 3 to 6 carbon atoms, the alkyl group in each case having one or more radicals R 2 may be substituted, or an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 6 to 24 aromatic ring atoms, each of which may be substituted by one or more R 2 radicals; two radicals R f can also form a ring system with one another.
  • R f is particularly preferably selected identically or differently on each occurrence from the group consisting of a straight-chain alkyl group having 1, 2, 3 or 4 carbon atoms or a branched or cyclic alkyl group having 3 to 6 carbon atoms, where the alkyl group can each be substituted by one or more radicals R 2 , but is preferably unsubstituted, or an aromatic ring system having 6 to 12 aromatic ring atoms, in particular with 6 aromatic ring atoms, each by one or more, preferably non-aromatic radicals R 2 may be substituted, but is preferably unsubstituted; two radicals R f can form a ring system with one another.
  • R f is very particularly preferably selected the same or differently on each occurrence from the group consisting of a straight-chain alkyl group having 1, 2, 3 or 4 carbon atoms, or a branched alkyl group having 3 to 6 carbon atoms.
  • R f is very particularly preferably a methyl group or a phenyl group, it being possible for two phenyl groups to form a ring system together, with a methyl group being preferred to a phenyl group.
  • Preferred aromatic or heteroaromatic ring systems for which the substituents R, R a , R b , R c , R d , R e , R f or Ar, Ar' or Ar' stand are selected from phenyl, biphenyl, in particular ortho- , meta- or para-biphenyl, terphenyl, in particular ortho-, meta-, para- or branched terphenyl, quaterphenyl, in particular ortho-, meta-, para- or branched quaterphenyl, fluorene, which via the 1-, 2-, 3 - or 4-position can be linked, spirobifluorene, which can be linked via the 1-, 2-, 3- or 4-position, naphthalene, in particular 1- or 2-linked naphthalene, indole, benzofuran, benzothiophene, carbazole, which can be linked via the 1-, 2-, 3- or 4-position, dibenzofuran, which can be linked via the
  • Ar-1 to Ar-75 listed above are particularly preferred, with structures of the formulas (Ar-1), (Ar-2), (Ar-3), (Ar-12), (Ar-13), ( Ar-14), (Ar-15), (Ar-16), (Ar-40), (Ar-41), (Ar-42), (Ar-43), (Ar-44), (Ar- 45), (Ar-46), (Ar- 69), (Ar-70), (Ar-75), preferred and structures of formulas (Ar-1), (Ar-2), (Ar-3), (Ar-12), (Ar-13), (Ar-14), (Ar-15), (Ar-16) are particularly preferred.
  • R 1 substituents R 1 .
  • R e substituents R 1
  • R f substituents R 1 are to be replaced by R 2 .
  • R, R a , R b , R c , R d , R e are groups of the formula -Ar 4 -N(Ar 2 )(Ar 3 ), where Ar 2 , Ar 3 and Ar 4 are identical or different each occurrence is an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 24 aromatic ring atoms, which can each be substituted by one or more R 1 radicals.
  • the total number of aromatic ring atoms of Ar 2 , Ar 3 and Ar 4 is a maximum of 60 and preferably a maximum of 40.
  • Ar 4 and Ar 2 can be connected to one another and/or Ar 2 and Ar 3 can also be connected to one another by a group selected from C(R 1 ) 2 , NR 1 , O or S may be connected.
  • Ar 4 and Ar 2 are preferably linked to one another or Ar 2 and Ar 3 to one another in each case ortho to the position of the linkage to the nitrogen atom.
  • none of the groups Ar 2 , Ar 3 or Ar 4 are connected to one another.
  • Ar 4 is preferably an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 6 to 24 aromatic ring atoms, preferably having 6 to 12 aromatic ring atoms, which can each be substituted by one or more R 1 radicals.
  • Ar 4 is particularly preferably selected from the group consisting of ortho-, meta- or para-phenylene or ortho-, meta- or para-biphenyl, which can each be substituted by one or more radicals R 1 , but are preferably unsubstituted. Most preferably Ar 4 is an unsubstituted phenylene group.
  • Ar 2 and Ar 3 are preferably identical or different on each occurrence and are an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 6 to 24 aromatic ring atoms, which can each be substituted by one or more R 1 radicals.
  • Ar 2 and Ar 3 groups are identical or different on each occurrence and are selected from the group consisting of benzene, ortho-, meta- or para-biphenyl, ortho-, meta-, para- or branched terphenyl, ortho-, meta -, para- or branched quaterphenyl, 1-, 2-, 3- or 4-fluorenyl, 1-, 2-, 3- or 4-spirobifluorenyl, 1- or 2-naphthyl, indole, benzofuran, benzothiophene , 1-, 2-, 3- or 4-carbazole, 1-, 2-, 3- or 4-dibenzofuran, 1-, 2-, 3- or 4-dibenzothiophene, indenocarbazole, indolocarbazole, 2-, 3 - or 4-pyridine, 2-, 4- or 5-pyrimidine, pyrazine, pyridazine, triazine, phenanthrene or triphenylene, each of which may be substituted by
  • Ar 2 and Ar 3 are very particularly preferably the same or different on each occurrence selected from the group consisting of benzene, biphenyl, in particular ortho-, meta- or para-biphenyl, terphenyl, in particular ortho-, meta-, para- or branched ter - phenyl, quaterphenyl, in particular ortho-, meta-, para- or branched quaterphenyl, fluorene, in particular 1-, 2-, 3- or 4-fluorene, or spirobifluorene, in particular 1-, 2-, 3- or 4- -spirobifluorene.
  • R 1 is identical or different on each occurrence selected from the group consisting of H, D, F, CN, a straight-chain alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms or a branched or cyclic alkyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, it being possible for the alkyl group to be substituted by one or more R 2 radicals, or an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 6 to 24 aromatic ring atoms, each of which can be substituted by one or more R 2 radicals.
  • R 1 is identical or different on each occurrence selected from the group consisting of H, a straight-chain alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, in particular having 1, 2, 3 or 4 carbon atoms, or a branched or cyclic alkyl group with 3 to 6 carbon atoms, where the alkyl group can be substituted with one or more radicals R 2 , but is preferably unsubstituted, or an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system with 6 to 13 aromatic ring atoms, each of which may be substituted by one or more R 2 radicals, but is preferably unsubstituted.
  • R 2 is identical or different on each occurrence and is H, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or an aryl group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms which is substituted with an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms may be, but is preferably unsubstituted.
  • the alkyl groups preferably have no more than five carbon atoms, particularly preferably no more than 4 carbon atoms, very particularly preferably no more than 1 carbon atom.
  • the compound comprises exactly two or exactly three structures of the formula (I), (Ia), (Ib) and/or (I-1) to (I-147), preferably one of the aromatic or heteroaromatic Ring systems which can be represented by at least one of the groups R, R d , R e or to which the groups R, R d , R e bind, is shared by both structures.
  • the compounds are selected from compounds of the formula (D-1), (D2) or (D-3), wherein the group L 1 is a linking group, preferably a bond or an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 40, preferably 5 to 30 aromatic ring atoms, which is formed by one or more radicals R 1 can be substituted, and R 1 and the other symbols used have the meanings given above, in particular for formula (I).
  • group L 1 is a linking group, preferably a bond or an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 40, preferably 5 to 30 aromatic ring atoms, which is formed by one or more radicals R 1 can be substituted, and R 1 and the other symbols used have the meanings given above, in particular for formula (I).
  • L 1 is a bond or an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 14 aromatic or heteroaromatic ring atoms, preferably an aromatic ring system having 6 to 12 carbon atoms, which can be substituted by one or more R 1 radicals , but is preferably unsubstituted, where R 1 can have the meaning given above, in particular for formula (I).
  • L 1 is particularly preferably an aromatic ring system having 6 to 10 aromatic ring atoms or a heteroaromatic ring system having 6 to 13 heteroaromatic ring atoms, each of which may be substituted by one or more radicals R 2 , but is preferably unsubstituted, where R 2 is the above, in particular for formula (I) can have the meaning mentioned.
  • the symbol L 1 set out in formula (D3) is the same or different on each occurrence for a bond or an aryl or heteroaryl radical having 5 to 24 ring atoms, preferably 6 to 13 ring atoms, particularly preferably 6 to 10 ring atoms, so that an aromatic or heteroaromatic group of an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system is bonded directly, ie via an atom of the aromatic or heteroaromatic group, to the respective atom of the further group. Provision can furthermore be made for the group L 1 set out in formula (D3) to comprise an aromatic ring system having at most two fused aromatic and/or heteroaromatic 6-rings, preferably no fused aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system.
  • naphthyl structures are preferred over anthracene structures.
  • fluorenyl, spirobifluorenyl, dibenzofuranyl and/or dibenzothienyl structures are preferred over naphthyl structures.
  • Particularly preferred are structures that do not exhibit condensation, such as phenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl and/or quaterphenyl structures.
  • Suitable aromatic or heteroaromatic ring systems L 1 are selected from the group consisting of ortho-, meta- or para-phenylene, ortho-, meta- or para-biphenylene, terphenylene, in particular branched terphenylene, quaterphenylene, in particular branched quaterphenylene, fluorenylene, Spirobifluorenylene, dibenzofuranylene, dibenzothienylene and carbazolylene, each of which may be substituted by one or more radicals R 1 , but are preferably unsubstituted.
  • the preferred embodiments mentioned above can be combined with one another at will within the limitations defined in claim 1. In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the preferences mentioned above occur simultaneously.
  • compounds comprising a structure according to formula (I), preferably compounds according to formula (I), are preferred in which a radical R a and a radical R y together form a ring, these compounds having the following properties :
  • compounds comprising a structure according to formula (I) are preferred Compounds according to formula (I) are preferred in which a radical R a and a radical R y together form a ring, these compounds having the following properties:
  • the preferences set out above with regard to ring formation of the radicals R a and R y to form structures of the formulas (Cy-1) to (Cy-10) apply to the ring formation of a radical R a with a radical R c .
  • the preferences set out above with regard to ring formation, ring formation, radicals R a and R y for structures of the formulas (Cy-1) to (Cy-10) apply to two radicals R e .
  • compounds comprising a structure according to formula (I-44), preferably compounds according to formula (I-44), are preferred, where the ring T 1 has the following meaning, a radical R a and a radical R c form a ring and in which the radicals R b , R c , R d and R e have the following meanings:
  • radical R a and R c form a ring
  • R c there is a radical R c der in column (R b , R c ).
  • This radical R c describes the substituent which is adjacent to ring T 1 .
  • rings T 1 and T 2 represent the following structures, wherein the index m is preferably 0, 1 or 2, and more preferably 0 or 1, and wherein R b , R c is H, D, alkyl and the radicals R d , R e and Y 1 have the following meanings:
  • radicals mentioned in the column under the group R e stand for the substituents on the phenyl ring of the basic structure, which is also substituted by the radical R d mentioned (see, for example, formula (1-14), (I-44)), or for the substituents on the phenyl ring which binds to the phenyl ring of the backbone which is also substituted by the R d radical mentioned (see, for example, formulas (1-15), (1-16)).
  • the radical R e stands in particular for the groups set out above, where R e in the group C(R e ) 2 is preferably identical or different on each occurrence for a linear alkyl group with 1 to 10 C- Atoms or a branched or cyclic alkyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms or an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 24, preferably having 5 to 13, aromatic ring atoms, which can also be substituted by one or more R 1 radicals.
  • R e is very particularly preferably a methyl group or a phenyl group.
  • the radicals R e can also form a ring system with one another, which leads to a spiro system.
  • the radical R e stands in particular for the groups set out above, where R e in groups ( Re ) 2 CC( R e ) 2 , (R e )C ⁇ C(R e ) is preferably H, C 1 to C 4 alkyl, or an aryl or heteroaryl group having 5 to 13 carbon atoms, where the aryl or heteroaryl group can be linked.
  • R e in groups ( Re ) 2 CC( R e ) 2 , (R e )C ⁇ C(R e ) is preferably H, C 1 to C 4 alkyl, or an aryl or heteroaryl group having 5 to 13 carbon atoms, where the aryl or heteroaryl group can be linked.
  • two groups Re in the group ( Re ) 2 CC( Re ) 2 or ( Re )C ⁇ C( Re ) can form a fused ring system.
  • the radical R e stands in particular for the groups set out above , where R e in the group C (R e ) 2 is preferably identical or different on each occurrence for a linear alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms or for a branched or cyclic alkyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms or for an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 24, preferably having 5 to 13, aromatic ring atoms, which can also be substituted by one or more radicals R 1 .
  • R e is very particularly preferably a methyl group or a phenyl group.
  • the radicals R e can also form a ring system with one another, which leads to a spiro system.
  • the radical R e stands in particular for the groups set out above, where R e in groups ( Re ) 2 CC( R e ) 2 , (R e )C ⁇ C(R e ) is preferably H, C 1 to C 4 alkyl, or an aryl or heteroaryl group having 5 to 13 carbon atoms, where the aryl or heteroaryl group can be linked.
  • R e in groups ( Re ) 2 CC( R e ) 2 , (R e )C ⁇ C(R e ) is preferably H, C 1 to C 4 alkyl, or an aryl or heteroaryl group having 5 to 13 carbon atoms, where the aryl or heteroaryl group can be linked.
  • two groups Re in the group ( Re ) 2 CC( Re ) 2 or ( Re )C ⁇ C( Re ) can form a fused ring system.
  • rings T 1 and T 2 represent the following structures, wherein the index m is preferably 0, 1 or 2, and more preferably 0 or 1, and wherein R b , R c is H, D, alkyl and the radicals R d , R e and Y 1 have the following meanings:
  • the radicals mentioned in the column under the group R e represent the substituents on the phenyl ring which is connected to the group Y 1 .
  • the radical R e stands in particular for the groups set out above, where R e in the group C(R e ) 2 is preferably identical or different on each occurrence for a linear alkyl group with 1 to 10 C- Atoms or a branched or cyclic alkyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms or an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 24, preferably having 5 to 13, aromatic ring atoms, which can also be substituted by one or more R 1 radicals.
  • R e is very particularly preferably a methyl group or a phenyl group.
  • the radicals R e can also form a ring system with one another, which leads to a spiro system.
  • the radical R e stands in particular for the groups set out above, where R e in groups ( Re ) 2 CC( R e ) 2 , (R e )C ⁇ C(R e ) is preferably H, C 1 to C 4 alkyl, or an aryl or heteroaryl group having 5 to 13 carbon atoms, where the aryl or heteroaryl group can be linked.
  • R e in groups ( Re ) 2 CC( R e ) 2 , (R e )C ⁇ C(R e ) is preferably H, C 1 to C 4 alkyl, or an aryl or heteroaryl group having 5 to 13 carbon atoms, where the aryl or heteroaryl group can be linked.
  • two groups Re in the group ( Re ) 2 CC( Re ) 2 or ( Re )C ⁇ C( Re ) can form a fused ring system.
  • rings T 1 and T 2 represent the following structures, where the sum of the indices m and n is preferably less than or equal to 4, more preferably 0, 1 or 2 and especially preferably 0 or 1, and in which the radicals R b , R c , R d and R e have the following meanings:
  • alkyl in the above tables includes in particular straight-chain alkyl groups or branched or cyclic alkyl groups according to the definition set out above for the respective group.
  • aryl, heteroaryl in the above tables includes in particular aryl or heteroaryl groups having 5 to 40 aromatic ring atoms according to the definition set out above for the respective group, the aryl groups preferably having 6 to 12, particularly preferably 6, ring atoms and the heteroaryl groups preferably having 5 up to 13, particularly preferably 5, ring atoms. More preferably, heteroaryl groups include one or two heteroatoms, preferably N, O or S.
  • the designations “RA-3”, “RA-4”, “RA-4f”, “RA-5”, “TRA-3”, “TRA -4”, “TRA-4f”, “TRA-5", “Ar-1", “Ar-75” refer to the structural formulas set forth above and below.
  • Phenyl ring formation with one group means that the two groups together form a phenyl group which can be substituted with radicals R 1 in accordance with the definition given above for the respective group. This usually forms a naphthyl group with the phenyl group bonded to the nitrogen atom, which is substituted by the radicals R d and R or R e .
  • the term “and”, in particular when describing preferred groups R d means that the two radicals are different, one of the radicals R d corresponding to a first definition and the second radical R d corresponding to a second definition.
  • aryl, heteroaryl and phenyl ring formation with R e means that one of the radicals R d is an aryl, Heteroaryl group and the second radical R d with R e " forms a phenyl ring. If a field does not include the term “and”, then all radicals represent a corresponding group.
  • Ar-1 to Ar-75 for the group R d means that both radicals R d are an aryl or heteroaryl radical according to above or following formulas Ar-1 to Ar-75. The same applies to the further use of the term "and" in the above tables.
  • substituents R a , R y are preferably selected from H, D, alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl or alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl according to the definitions set out above for the groups R a and R c .
  • a further object of the present invention is a method for preparing the compounds according to the invention, in which a basic structure with an aromatic amino group is synthesized and at least one aromatic or heteroaromatic radical is introduced, preferably by means of a nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction or a coupling reaction.
  • Suitable compounds comprising a basic structure with an aromatic amino group can often be obtained commercially, the starting compounds set out in the examples being obtainable by known methods, so that reference is made thereto. These compounds can be reacted with other compounds by known coupling reactions, the necessary conditions for this being known to the person skilled in the art and detailed information in the examples assisting the person skilled in the art in carrying out these reactions.
  • Particularly suitable and preferred coupling reactions, all of which lead to CC linkages and/or CN linkages are those according to BUCHWALD, SUZUKI, YAMAMOTO, STILLE, HECK, NEGISHI, SONOGASHIRA and HIYAMA. These reactions are well known and the examples provide further guidance to those skilled in the art.
  • the compounds according to the invention can be obtained in high purity, preferably more than 99% (determined by means of 1 H-NMR and/or HPLC).
  • the compounds according to the invention can also be mixed with a polymer. It is also possible to covalently incorporate these compounds into a polymer.
  • Another subject of the invention are therefore oligomers, polymers or dendrimers containing one or more of the above structures of the formula (I) and preferred embodiments of this formula or compounds according to the invention, wherein one or more bonds of the compounds according to the invention or the structures of the formula (I) and preferred embodiments of this formula for the polymer, oligomer or dendrimer are present.
  • these therefore form a side chain of the oligomer or polymer or are linked in the main chain.
  • the Polymers, oligomers or dendrimers can be conjugated, partially conjugated or non-conjugated.
  • the oligomers or polymers can be linear, branched or dendritic.
  • the same preferences as described above apply to the repeating units of the compounds according to the invention in oligomers, dendrimers and polymers.
  • the monomers according to the invention are homopolymerized or copolymerized with other monomers. Copolymers are preferred in which the units of the formula (I) or the preferred embodiments described above and below are present in an amount of 0.01 to 99.9 mol %, preferably 5 to 90 mol %, particularly preferably 20 to 80 mol %.
  • Suitable and preferred comonomers which form the polymer backbone are selected from fluorenes (e.g.
  • spirobifluorenes e.g. according to EP 707020, EP 894107 or WO 2006/061181
  • para- phenylenes e.g. according to WO 92/18552
  • carbazoles e.g. according to WO 2004/070772 or WO 2004/113468
  • thiophenes e.g. according to EP 1028136
  • dihydrophenanthrenes e.g. according to WO 2005/014689
  • cis- and trans-indenofluorenes e.g. according to WO 2004/041901 or WO 2004/113412
  • ketones e.g.
  • phenanthrenes e.g. according to WO 2005 /104264 or WO 2007/017066
  • the polymers, oligomers and dendrimers can also contain further units, for example hole transport units, in particular those based on triarylamines, and/or electron transport units.
  • compounds according to the invention which are distinguished by a high glass transition temperature are of particular interest.
  • particular preference is given to compounds according to the invention, comprising structures according to the formula (I) or the preferred embodiments described above and below, which have a glass transition temperature of at least 70° C., particularly preferably at least 110° C., very particularly preferably at least 125° C.
  • Formulations of the compounds according to the invention are required for the processing of the compounds according to the invention from the liquid phase, for example by spin coating or by printing processes. These formulations can be, for example, solutions, dispersions or emulsions. It may be preferable to use mixtures of two or more solvents for this.
  • Suitable and preferred solvents are toluene, anisole, o-, m- or p-xylene, methyl benzoate, mesitylene, tetralin, veratrol, THF, methyl THF, THP, chlorobenzene, dioxane, phenoxytoluene, especially 3-phenoxytoluene , (-)-fenchone, 1,2,3,5-tetramethylbenzene, 1,2,4,5-tetramethylbenzene, 1-methylnaphthalene, 2-methylbenzothiazole, 2-phenoxyethanol, 2-pyrrolidinone, 3-methylanisole, 4 -Methylanisole, 3,4-dimethylanisole, 3,5-dimethylanisole, acetophenone, ⁇ -terpineol, benzothiazole, butyl benzoate, cumene, cyclohexanol, cyclohexanone, cyclohexylbenzene, decalin, do
  • a further object of the present invention is therefore a formulation or a composition containing at least one compound according to the invention and at least one further compound.
  • the further connection can be, for example, a solvent, in particular one of the abovementioned solvents or a mixture of these solvents. If the further compound comprises a solvent, then this mixture is referred to herein as a formulation.
  • the further compound can also be at least one further organic or inorganic compound which is also used in the electronic device, for example an emitter and/or a Matrix material, these compounds differing from the compounds according to the invention. Suitable emitters and matrix materials are listed below in connection with the organic electroluminescent device.
  • the further connection can also be polymeric.
  • compositions containing a compound according to the invention and at least one further organically functional material.
  • Functional materials are generally the organic or inorganic materials that are placed between the anode and the cathode.
  • the organically functional material is preferably selected from the group consisting of fluorescent emitters, phosphorescent emitters, emitters that exhibit TADF (thermally activated delayed fluorescence), host materials, electron transport materials, electron injection materials, hole conductor materials, hole injection materials, electron blocking materials, hole blocking materials, wide-band Gap materials and n-dopants, preferably host materials.
  • Another subject of the present invention is the use of a compound according to the invention in an electronic device, in particular in an organic electroluminescent device, preferably as an emitter, particularly preferably as a green, red or blue emitter, especially preferably as a blue emitter.
  • compounds according to the invention preferably exhibit fluorescent properties and thus preferably provide fluorescent emitters.
  • an electronic device containing at least one connection according to the invention is a device which contains at least one layer which contains at least one organic compound.
  • the component can also contain inorganic materials or also layers which are made up entirely of inorganic materials.
  • the electronic device is preferably selected from the group consisting of The electronic device is particularly preferably selected from the group consisting of organic electroluminescent devices (OLEDs, sOLED, PLEDs, LECs, etc.), preferably organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), organic light small molecule-based emitting diodes (sOLEDs), organic polymer-based light-emitting diodes (PLEDs), light-emitting electrochemical cells (LECs), organic laser diodes (O-lasers), organic plasmon emitting devices (DM Koller et al., Nature Photonics 2008, 1-4); Organic Integrated Circuits (O-ICs), Organic Field Effect Transistors (O-FETs), Organic Thin Film Transistors (O-TFTs), Organic Light Emitting Transistors (O-LETs), Organic Solar Cells (O-SCs), Organic Optical Detectors, organic photoreceptors, organic field quench devices (O-FQDs) and organic electrical sensors,
  • the organic electroluminescent device contains cathode, anode and at least one emitting layer. In addition to these layers, it can also contain further layers, for example one or more hole-injection layers, hole-transport layers, hole-blocking layers, electron-transport layers, electron-injection layers, exciton-blocking layers, electron-blocking layers and/or charge-generation layers. Likewise, interlayers can be introduced between two emitting layers, which have an exciton-blocking function, for example. However, it should be pointed out that each of these layers does not necessarily have to be present. In this case, the organic electroluminescent device can contain an emitting layer, or it can contain a plurality of emitting layers.
  • emission layers are present, they preferably have several in total Emission maxima between 380 nm and 750 nm, resulting in white emission overall, ie various emitting compounds which can fluoresce or phosphorescence are used in the emitting layers. Systems with three emitting layers are particularly preferred, with the three layers showing blue, green and orange or red emission.
  • the organic electroluminescent device according to the invention can also be a tandem electroluminescent device, in particular for white-emitting OLEDs.
  • the connection according to the invention can be used in different layers, depending on the precise structure.
  • an organic electroluminescent device containing a compound of the formula (I) or the preferred embodiments detailed above in an emitting layer as an emitter, preferably a red, green or blue emitter, particularly preferably as a blue emitter.
  • an emitting layer preferably a red, green or blue emitter, particularly preferably as a blue emitter.
  • the compound according to the invention is used as an emitter in an emitting layer, preference is given to using a suitable matrix material which is known per se.
  • a preferred mixture of the compound according to the invention and a matrix material contains between 99 and 1% by volume, preferably between 98 and 10% by volume, particularly preferably between 97 and 60% by volume, in particular between 95 and 80% by volume of matrix material based on the total mixture of emitter and matrix material.
  • the mixture contains between 1 and 99% by volume, preferably between 2 and 90% by volume, particularly preferably between 3 and 40% by volume, in particular between 5 and 20% by volume, of the emitter based on the Total mixture of emitter and matrix material.
  • Suitable matrix materials which can be used in combination with the compounds according to the invention are aromatic ketones, aromatic phosphine oxides or aromatic sulfoxides or sulfones, e.g. B. according to WO 2004/013080, WO 2004/093207, WO 2006/005627 or WO 2010/006680, triarylamines, carbazole derivatives, z. B.
  • CBP N,N-biscarbazolylbiphenyl
  • CBP CBP (N,N-biscarbazolylbiphenyl) or those in WO 2005/039246, US 2005/0069729, JP 2004/288381, EP 1205527, WO 2008/086851 or WO 2013/041176, indolocarbazole derivatives, e.g. B. according to WO 2007/063754 or WO 2008/056746, indenocarbazole derivatives, z. B. according to WO 2010/136109, WO 2011/000455, WO 2013/041176 or WO 2013/056776, azacarbazole derivatives, z. according to EP 1617710, EP 1617711, EP 1731584, JP 2005/347160, bipolar matrix materials, e.g.
  • WO 2010/054730 bridged carbazole derivatives, z. B. according to WO 2011/042107, WO 2011/060867, WO 2011/088877 and WO 2012/143080, triphenylene derivatives, z. B. according to WO 2012/048781, dibenzofuran derivatives, z. B. according to WO 2015/169412, WO 2016/015810, WO 2016/023608, WO 2017/148564 or WO 2017/148565 or biscarbazoles, z. B. according to JP 3139321 B2.
  • a compound can be used as a co-host that does not participate, or does not participate to a significant extent, in charge transport, as described, for example, in WO 2010/108579.
  • suitable co-matrix material are compounds which have a large band gap and do not themselves participate, or at least not to a significant extent, in the charge transport of the emitting layer.
  • Such materials are preferably pure hydrocarbons. Examples of such materials can be found, for example, in WO 2009/124627 or in WO 2010/006680.
  • Other well suited matrix materials that can be used in organic electroluminescent devices are the following three compounds, which can be produced by the methods disclosed in WO2019/170729 A1.
  • a compound according to the invention which is used as an emitter, is preferably used in combination with one or more phosphorescent materials (triplet emitters) and/or a compound which is a TADF (thermally activated delayed fluorescence) host material.
  • a hyperfluorescence and/or hyperphosphorescence system is preferably formed here.
  • WO 2015/091716 A1 and WO 2016/193243 A1 disclose OLEDs which contain both a phosphorescent compound and a fluorescent emitter in the emission layer, with the energy being transferred from the phosphorescent compound to the fluorescent emitter (hyperphosphorescence). In this context, the phosphorescent compound behaves like a host material.
  • Phosphorescence within the meaning of this invention is understood as meaning luminescence from an excited state with a higher spin multiplicity, ie a spin state > 1, in particular from an excited triplet state.
  • all luminescent complexes with transition metals or lanthanides, in particular all iridium, platinum and copper complexes are to be regarded as phosphorescent compounds.
  • Particularly suitable phosphorescent compounds are compounds which, when suitably excited, emit light, preferably in the visible range, and also at least one atom with an atomic number greater than 20, preferably greater than 38 and less than 84, particularly preferably greater than 56 and less than 80 included, in particular a metal with this atomic number.
  • the phosphorescence emitters used are preferably compounds which contain copper, molybdenum, tungsten, rhenium, ruthenium, osmium, rhodium, iridium, palladium, platinum, silver, gold or europium, in particular compounds which contain iridium or platinum.
  • Examples of the emitters described above can be found in applications WO 00/70655, WO 2001/41512, WO 2002/02714, WO 2002/15645, EP 1191613, EP 1191612, EP 1191614, WO 05/033244, WO 05/019373, US 2005/ 0258742, WO 2009/146770, WO 2010/015307, WO 2010/031485, WO 2010/054731, WO 2010/054728, WO 2010/086089, WO 2010/099852, WO 2010/102609, WO 2011/ WO02011/ 066898, WO 2011/157339, WO 2012/007086, WO 2014/008982, WO 2014/023377, WO 2014/094961, WO 2014/094960, WO 2015/036074, WO 2015/104045, WO 127018/61 WO 2016/124304, WO 2017/032439, WO 2018/011186, WO 2018/001
  • phosphorescent complexes are suitable, such as are used in accordance with the prior art for phosphorescent electroluminescent devices and as are known to those skilled in the field of organic electroluminescence are, and the person skilled in the art can use other phosphorescent complexes without any inventive step.
  • a compound according to the invention can preferably be used in combination with a TADF host material and/or a TADF emitter, as set out above.
  • the process referred to as thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF "thermally activated delayed fluorescence") is described, for example, by BH Uoyama et al., Nature 2012, Vol.492, 234.
  • a comparatively small singlet-triplet distance ⁇ E(S 1 -T 1 ) of, for example, less than about 2000 cm -1 is required in the emitter.
  • another connection can be provided in the matrix, which has a strong spin-orbit coupling, so that the spatial proximity and the interaction between the molecules is possible an inter-system crossing is made possible, or the spin-orbit coupling is generated via a metal atom contained in the emitter.
  • the organic electroluminescent device according to the invention contains no separate hole injection layer and/or hole transport layer and/or hole blocking layer and/or electron transport layer, ie the emitting layer is directly adjacent to the hole injection layer or the anode and/or the emitting layer is directly adjacent to the electron transport layer or the electron injection layer or the cathode, as described for example in WO 2005/053051.
  • a metal complex which is the same or similar to the metal complex in the emitting layer directly adjacent to the emitting layer as hole transport or hole injection material, such as. B. described in WO 2009/030981.
  • organic electroluminescent device characterized in that one or more layers are coated using a sublimation process.
  • the materials are vapour-deposited in vacuum sublimation systems at an initial pressure of less than 10 -5 mbar, preferably less than 10 -6 mbar. However, it is also possible for the initial pressure to be even lower, for example less than 10 -7 mbar.
  • An organic electroluminescent device is also preferred, characterized in that one or more layers are coated using the OVPD (organic vapor phase deposition) method or with the aid of carrier gas sublimation. The materials are applied at a pressure between 10 -5 mbar and 1 bar.
  • OVPD organic vapor phase deposition
  • a special case of this process is the OVJP (Organic Vapor Jet Printing) process, in which the materials are applied directly through a nozzle and thus structured.
  • an organic electroluminescent device characterized in that one or more layers of solution, such as. B. by spin coating, or with any printing process, such as B. screen printing, flexographic printing, offset printing, LITI (Light Induced Thermal Imaging, thermal transfer printing), ink-jet printing (ink jet printing) or nozzle printing.
  • the compounds according to the invention and the organic electroluminescent devices according to the invention are distinguished, compared with the prior art, in particular by improved efficiency and/or operating voltage and a longer service life.
  • the compounds according to the invention can also be used for color conversion. Preferably, they can be used for color conversion of light-emitting devices.
  • preferred Areas of application are pixels in displays, surface elements in displays (sinage) and lighting elements.
  • the light-emitting device can be selected from the large number of known devices. Two selected examples of light-emitting devices are LEDs and organic electroluminescent devices.
  • the compounds are incorporated into a composition which is then processed into pixels or flat layers by known methods (spin coating, slit coating, doctor blades, screen printing, nozzle printing, inkjet printing, etc.).
  • the compositions typically contain crosslinkable components (monomers, oligomers, polymers), e.g. B. based on acrylates, acrylamides, polyesters, silicones, etc. and one or more thermally or photochemically activatable starter components.
  • other components such as org. Auxiliaries (antioxidants, stabilizers, leveling agents, viscosity moderators, etc.) or inorganic.
  • the composition contains one or more other fluorescent materials that differ from the compounds according to the invention. All of the fluorescent materials known to those skilled in the art can be considered. Inorganic or organic fluorescent materials can be used. The principle of color conversion, the color conversion films and their production and components are well known to those skilled in the art (e.g. WO 2017/054898 A1, WO2019/002239 A1, X. Bai et al, 30, SID DIGEST 2019, JE Kwon, JA Chem. Soc. , 135, .30, 11239, 2013, WH Kim et al, Appl.
  • the present invention therefore also relates to a composition containing one or more compounds according to the invention and one networkable component.
  • the crosslinkable component can be any component that one skilled in the art would contemplate for this purpose.
  • the crosslinkable component is preferably an acrylate, acrylamide, polyester or silicone, with acrylates being very preferred.
  • the composition very preferably also contains a starter component and it is even more preferred if the composition also contains one or more auxiliaries, the abovementioned auxiliaries being suitable.
  • the present invention also relates to a color conversion film containing one or more of the compounds according to the invention.
  • Efficient and pure emission colors with narrow emission bands can be achieved by using the color conversion films.
  • the color conversion films can, for example, be applied to a blue-emitting organic electroluminescent device.
  • the compounds according to the invention absorb at least part of the light emitted by the organic electroluminescent device and re-emit light of a longer wavelength (color down-conversion).
  • color down-conversion Depending on the compounds used according to the invention, efficient, color-pure and narrow-band blue, green, yellow, red or infrared emissions can be obtained in this way.
  • the compound according to the invention is used not as an electroluminescent but as a phololuminescent component.
  • the present invention relates to a light-emitting device containing an organic electroluminescent device and a color conversion film.
  • the color conversion film is preferably arranged in the light exit area of the organic electroluminescent device.
  • the present invention relates to the color conversion using the compounds according to the invention in the agricultural industry in order to change the radiation emitted by a source, for example the radiation from the sun or an artificial light source, so that biological Material, preferably plants, algae or fungi, experience tailor-made conditions. In this way, the condition and growth of the biological material can be optimally adjusted and influenced.
  • the compounds according to the invention are preferably introduced into a film.
  • the compounds according to the invention can also be built into the roofs of greenhouses.
  • the electronic devices according to the invention are distinguished by one or more of the following surprising advantages over the prior art: 1. Electronic devices, in particular organic electroluminescent devices containing compounds of the formula (I) or the preferred embodiments described above and below as emitters have very narrow emission bands with low FWHM values (Full Width Half Maximum) and lead to particularly pure color emission, recognizable by the small CIE y values. It is particularly surprising here that both blue emitters with low FWHM values and emitters with low FWHM values which emit in the green, yellow or red range of the color spectrum are provided. 2.
  • the emission bands show a shoulder or side-peak in the long-wavelength emission flank, each of which is less than 50%, often less than 40%, of the intensity of the main peak.
  • this leads to a favorably low viewing angle dependency of the color impression compared to narrow-band boron-containing emitters according to the prior art, which often do not have such shoulders or secondary maxima and show a greater viewing angle dependency of the color impression.
  • Electronic devices in particular organic electroluminescent devices containing compounds of the formula (I) or the preferred embodiments described above and below, in particular as emitters, have a very good service life. In this case, these connections bring about, in particular, a low roll-off, ie a low drop in the power efficiency of the device at high luminance levels.
  • Electronic devices in particular organic electroluminescent devices containing compounds of the formula (I) or the preferred embodiments described above and below as emitters, have excellent efficiency.
  • compounds according to the invention of the formula (I) or the preferred embodiments described above and below bring about a low operating voltage when used in electronic devices.
  • the compounds of the formula (I) according to the invention or the preferred embodiments described above and below show a very high stability and lifetime.
  • the formation of optical loss channels can be avoided in electronic devices, in particular organic electroluminescent devices, with compounds of the formula (I) or the preferred embodiments described above and below. As a result, these devices are characterized by a high PL and thus high EL efficiency of emitters and excellent energy transfer from the matrices to dopants.
  • Exciton energy is typically transferred from a matrix or host in the emission layer to the emitter either via the so-called Dexter or Förster transfer.
  • the Förster energy transfer (FRET) from a host or a matrix to the emitter according to the invention is particularly preferred, as this is particularly efficient, which leads to electronic devices with particularly good performance data (e.g. efficiency, voltage and service life). It turns out that the energy transfer from a host or a matrix to the compounds according to the invention preferably takes place via Förster transfer. 7.
  • Compounds of the formula (I) or the preferred embodiments described above and below exhibit excellent glass film formation.
  • Compounds of the formula (I) or the preferred embodiments described above and below form very good films from solutions and exhibit excellent solubility.
  • Figures Figure 1 shows the photoluminescence spectra (PL spectra) of the compounds ES79, measured with a PL spectrometer from Hitachi, F-4500 PL, in approx. 10 -5 molar, degassed toluene solution at room temperature (approx. 25 ° C).
  • Example S1 can be prepared in 34% yield using the above-mentioned Grignard route starting from the above-mentioned starting materials according to the following literature: Steps 1-4: BM Fox et al., J. Med. Chem., 2014, 52, 3464. Step 5: I. Dragutan et al., Org. Prep. Proced., Int., 1975, 7, 2, 75.
  • the purification in particular the separation of regioisomers of the cyclization in step 5, takes place via flash chromatography on a column automat (CombiFlash Torrent, from Axel Semrau).
  • Example S1b Example S1b can be prepared analogously starting from 2-bromo-1-chloro-4-iodobenzene [31928-46-8] in 30% yield.
  • Example S1c Example S1c can be prepared analogously starting from 2-bromo-1-fluoro-4-iodobenzene [811842-30-5] in 27% yield.
  • S1 can also be prepared in a yield of 41% using the above Suzuki route starting from the above starting materials according to the following literature: Steps 1 to 3: C. Dolente et al., WO 2011/120877 Step 4: I. Dragutan et al., Org. Prep. Proced., Int., 1975, 7, 2, 75.
  • Step 3 and 4 ML Maddess et al., Org. Process Res. Dev.2014, 18, 528 ⁇ 538.
  • the purification in particular the separation of regioisomers of the cyclization in step 2, takes place via flash chromatography on a column automat (CombiFlash Torrent, from Axel Semrau).
  • S9 can be prepared on the above-mentioned Grignard route A) according to the above-mentioned literature or according to the Grignard route described by GM Castanedo et al., J. Med.
  • Steps 1 to 5 are carried out analogously to syntheses known from the literature: Steps 1 to 4: M. Adachi et al., Tetrahedron Letters, 37 (49), 8871, 1996; EP 0556008 B1. Step 5: JD Eckelbarger et al., US Pat Ketones and morpholine are produced in yields of approx.
  • Step 1 Synthesis of the substituted pyridines: Step 1: Example S200 A mixture of 23.3 g (100 mmol) S100 (analogous for the other 6- and 7-ring enamines), 22.6 g (120 mmol) 4-(aminomethylene)-2-phenyl-5(4H)-oxazolone [3674-51 -9], 47.3 ml [500 mmol] acetic anhydride [108-24-7] and 150 ml toluene are stirred for 4 h at 100 °C (5-ring enamines are in o-xylene at 130 °C/4 h in an autoclave implemented).
  • the reaction mixture is carefully poured onto 1000 ml of ice water, stirred for a further 10 minutes, 200 ml of dichloromethane (DCM) are added, stirred for a further 10 minutes and the org. phase off.
  • the aqueous phase is adjusted with careful addition of conc.
  • aqueous ammonia solution basic pH 8-9
  • the aqueous phase extracted three times with 200 ml of ethyl acetate
  • the combined ethyl acetate extracts washed twice with 200 ml of ice water, once with 200 ml of sat. Sodium bicarbonate solution and twice with 100 ml sat. saline solution. It is dried over a mixture of magnesium sulfate and sodium carbonate, the desiccant is filtered off and the org. Phase in a vacuum and the residue crystallizes once from acetonitrile with the addition of ethyl acetate (EE). Yield: 24.7 g (81 mmol), 81%; Purity: approx.
  • Step 4 Example S500 A mixture of 30.4 g (100 mmol) of S400, 100 ml of 3N sulfuric acid and 200 ml of dioxane is stirred at 100° C. for 1.5 h. After cooling, the reaction mixture is diluted with 1000 ml of ice-water and then adjusted to pH ⁇ 7.5 with ice-cooling with 3 N NaOH. The aqueous phase is extracted three times with 200 ml of DCM each time, and the combined org. Phases twice with 200 ml water each, once with 200 ml sat. saline and dried over magnesium sulfate.
  • Step 5 Example S600 Variant 1: 24.9 g (100 mmol) of S500 are added to 500 ml of concentrated hydrochloric acid cooled to 3-5° C. while stirring vigorously. A cold solution of 10.4 g (150 mmol) of sodium nitrite in 50 ml of water is added dropwise to the suspension over a period of 15 minutes, while stirring vigorously, and the mixture is then stirred at 5° C. for about 20 minutes.
  • the diazonium solution thus obtained is poured into a well-stirred solution, cooled to 5° C., of 90.0 g (600 mmol) of potassium iodide in 5000 ml of water to which 1000 ml of DCM have been added (caution: foaming!).
  • 90.0 g (600 mmol) of potassium iodide in 5000 ml of water to which 1000 ml of DCM have been added (caution: foaming!).
  • sodium bisulfite solution is added until the color has disappeared and the pH is carefully adjusted to ⁇ 7.5 with 5 N NaOH with very thorough cooling. It is diluted with a further 1500 ml DCM, the org. Phase off, re-extracted the aqueous twice with 500 ml DCM, wash the combined org. Phases twice with 500 ml water and twice with 500 ml sat.
  • a solution of 13.9 g (200 mmol) of sodium nitrite and 37.5 g (250 mmol) of potassium iodide in 60 ml of water is added in portions to the suspension, with thorough stirring and ice cooling, and the mixture is stirred at 10° C. for 15 minutes. The mixture is then allowed to warm to room temperature and is stirred for a further 70 minutes. It is then diluted with 1500 ml of water, the pH is adjusted to 9.5 by adding saturated sodium bicarbonate solution and 200 ml of 2M sodium bisulfite solution are added. The precipitated crude product is filtered off with suction, washed twice with 50 ml of water each time and briefly dried with suction.
  • Variant 2 Jourdan-Ullmann coupling Procedure analogous to the following literature: Y.-L-Tasi et al., J. Luminesc., 2007, 127, 41.
  • a mixture of 33.0 g (110 mmol) S1, 4.57 ml (50 mmol ) aniline, 27.6 g (200 mmol) potassium carbonate, 42.7 g (300 mmol) sodium sulfate, 954 mg (15 mmol) copper powder, 500 ml nitrobenzene and 1000 g glass beads (3 mm diameter) is stirred at 160° C. for 12-16 h. The reaction mixture is allowed to cool to 60° C.
  • Example A500 A mixture of 15.0 g (50 mmol) S1, 4.57 mL (50 mmol) aniline, 65.2 g (200 mmol) cesium carbonate, 2.18 g (3.5 mmol) rac-BINAP [98327-87-8], 561 mg (2.5 mmol) Palladium(II) acetate, 500 ml of toluene and 50 g of glass beads (3 mm in diameter) are stirred at 60° C. until conversion is complete (TLC check, typically 2-4 h). Then 18.0 g (50 mmol) S600 are added and the temperature is increased to 100.degree.
  • reaction mixture is allowed to cool to 60° C. and the salts are filtered off with suction via a Celite bed pre-slurried with toluene.
  • the filtrate is concentrated to dryness, the residue is boiled with 200 ml of methanol, the solid is filtered off with suction, washed twice with 50 ml of methanol each time, dried in vacuo and flash-chromatographed (Combi-Flash Torrent from A. Semrau) . Yield: 18.8 g (34 mmol), 69%; Purity: approx. 95% according to 1 H-NMR.
  • Step 3 can preferably also be carried out with 3-fluoro-4-triflate or 3-fluoro-4-chloro-benzoketones as follows: Step 3: similar to WO2019063288. Typical yields 60-80%. Level 4: see above.
  • Level 2 A well-stirred mixture of 36.2 g (100 mmol) of the amine, 500 mmol of potassium carbonate, 1.16 g (4 mmol) of tri-tert-butylphosphonium tetrafluroborate, 449 mg (2 mmol) of palladium(II) acetate, 100 g of glass beads (3 mm diameter) and 1000 ml of dimethylacetamide (DMAC) is stirred at 150° C. for 1 h.
  • DMAC dimethylacetamide
  • Stage 3 and 4 one-pot reaction A well-stirred mixture of 16.3 g (50 mmol) of the carbazole, 12.0 g (50 mmol) S1c, 34.6 g (250 mmol) potassium carbonate, 100 g glass beads (3 mm diameter), 500 ml DMAC is stirred at 150° C. for 20 h .
  • the reaction mixture is allowed to cool to RT, 1.16 g (4 mmol) of tri-tert-butylphosphonium tetrafluroborate and 449 mg (2 mmol) of palladium(II) acetate are added and the mixture is again stirred at 150° C. for 7 h.
  • the alternative method B is not only suitable for the construction of symmetrically substituted emitters, but also specifically for regio- Directional construction of asymmetrically substituted emitters by using two different bromo-chloro-benzoketones in step 1) and step 3) or 3-fluoro-4-triflate or 3-fluoro-4-chloro-benzoketones in step 3).
  • the following emitters ES can be represented analogously to the steps.
  • Stage 3 Intramolecular cyclization via SN 2 Ar reaction, e.g. analogous to CN108727396. Typical yields 40-80%.
  • IT IT 2.6 Alternative Method E: Synthesis from 2,6-dichloroanilines by Buchwald coupling and Pd-catalyzed intramolecular cyclization: Level 1 and level 2: e.g. analogous to US 2021/0005826. Typical yields over both stages 20-50%. Measurement of Photoluminescence Spectra (PL Spectra): FIG.
  • the PL spectrum shows the PL spectrum of the compounds ES79 according to the invention, measured with a PL spectrometer from Hitachi, F-4500 PL, in about 10 -5 molar, degassed toluene solution Room temperature (approx. 25 °C).
  • the PL spectrum has a very narrow emission band with a low FWHM value ( ⁇ 0.2 eV) and leads to particularly pure color emission. In addition, it shows a shoulder in the long-wave emission flank that is less than 50% of the intensity of the main maximum.
  • OLED Components 1) Vacuum-Processed Components: The compounds according to the invention can be used, inter alia, as a dopant in the emission layer in fluorescence and in hyperphosphorescence OLED components.
  • OLEDs (organic light emitting diodes) according to the invention and OLEDs according to the prior art are produced using a general method according to WO 2004/058911, which is adapted to the conditions described here (layer thickness variation, materials used).
  • the precise layer structure of the electroluminescent OLEDs can be found in the examples.
  • the materials required to produce the OLEDs are shown in Table 10.
  • the OLEDs are characterized by default. For this purpose, the electroluminescence spectra, the current efficiency (measured in cd/A), the power efficiency (measured in lm/W) and the external quantum efficiency (EQE, measured in percent) as a function of the luminance, calculated from current-voltage-luminance curves ( IUL characteristics) assuming a Lambertian radiation characteristic.
  • the electroluminescence spectra are determined at a luminance of 100 or 1000 cd/m2 and from this the emission color and the EL-FWHM Values (ELectroluminescence - Full Width Half Maximum - width of the EL emission spectra at half peak height in eV, for better comparability over the entire spectral range) taken.
  • Fluorescence OLED components All materials are thermally vapor-deposited in a vacuum chamber.
  • the emission layer (EML) always consists of at least one matrix material (host material, host material) SMB and an emitting dopant (dopant, emitter) ES or EAS, which is added to the matrix material or matrix materials by co-evaporation in a certain proportion by volume.
  • a specification such as SMB:ES or EAS (97:3%) means that the material SMB is present in the layer in a volume proportion of 97% and the dopant ES or EAS in a proportion of 3%.
  • the electron transport layer can also consist of a mixture of two materials, for example ETM1 (50%) and ETM2 (50%), see Table 1.
  • ETM1 50%)
  • ETM2 50%
  • the materials used to produce the OLEDs are shown in Table 10.
  • the compounds D-Ref.1 to D-Ref.4, see Table 10, are used as a comparison according to the prior art.
  • the OLEDs basically have the following layer structure: substrate - hole injection layer 1 (HIL1) made of HTM1 doped with 5% NDP-9 (commercially available from Novaled), 20 nm - hole transport layer 1 (HTL1) made of HTM1, 160 nm - Hole transport layer 2 (HTL2), see Table 1 - Emission layer (EML), see Table 1 - Electron transport layer (ETL2), see Table 1 - Electron transport layer (ETL1) from ETM1 (50%) and ETM2 (50 %), 30 nm - Electron injection layer (EIL) made of ETM2, 1 nm - Cathode made of aluminum, 100 nm Table 1: Structure of blue fluorescent OLED devices Table 2: Results Hyperphosphorescent OLED devices: All materials are thermally evaporated in a vacuum chamber.
  • the emission layer (EML) or the emission layers always consists of at least one matrix material (host material, host material) TMM, a (phosphorescent) sensitizer PS and one fluorescent emitter ES or EAS.
  • the matrix material (host material, host material) TMM can consist of two components which are vaporized as a mixture (premixed host, eg TMM2), the components and the composition are also shown in Table 10.
  • Sensitizer PS and fluorescent emitter ES or EAS are added to the host material TMM by co-evaporation in a certain proportion by volume.
  • Blue hyperphosphorescence OLED components BH The OLEDs basically have the following layer structure: substrate - hole injection layer 1 (HIL1) made of HTM2 doped with 5% NDP-9 (commercially available from Novaled), 20 nm - hole transport layer 1 (HTL1) made of HTM2, 30 nm - Hole transport layer 2 (HTL2), see Table 3 - Emission layer (EML), see Table 3 - Electron transport layer (ETL2), see Table 3 - Electron transport layer (ETL1) from ETM1 (50%) and ETM2 (50 %), 20 nm - ETM2 electron injection layer (EIL), 1 nm - aluminum cathode, 100 nm Table 3: Structure of blue hyperphosphorescent OLED devices Table 4: Results Green hyper
  • the structure used is as follows: - substrate - ITO, 50 nm - PEDOT, 20 nm - hole transport layer HIL-Sol, made of HTM-Sol, 20 nm - emission layer made of SMB4(97%) and ES(3%) or EAS (3%), 50 nm - electron transport layer (ETL1) made of ETM1 (50%) and ETM2 (50%), 25 nm - cathode made of aluminum, 100 nm Glass flakes coated with structured ITO (indium tin oxide) are used as the substrate. coated with a thickness of 50 nm.
  • PEDOT buffer (PEDOT) Clevios P VP AI 4083 (Heraeus Clevios GmbH, Leverkusen) PEDOT is at the top.
  • the spin-coating takes place in air from water.
  • the layer is then heated at 180° C. for 10 minutes.
  • the hole transport layer and the emission layer are applied to the glass flakes coated in this way.
  • the hole transport layer is the polymer HTM sol of the structure shown in Table 10, which was synthesized according to WO2010/097155.
  • the polymer is dissolved in toluene so that the solution typically has a solids content of approx.
  • the layers are spun on in an inert gas atmosphere, in the present case argon, and baked at 180° C. for 60 minutes.
  • the emission layer is always made up of at least one matrix material (host material, host material) and one emitting dopant (dopant, emitter).
  • An indication such as SMB4 (97%) and ES or EAS (3%) means that the material SMB4 in one Weight proportion of 97% and the dopant ES or EAS is present in a weight proportion of 3% in the emission layer.
  • the mixture for the emission layer is dissolved in toluene or chlorobenzene.
  • the typical solids content of such solutions is around 18 g/l if, as here, the layer thickness of 50 nm typical for a device is to be achieved by means of spin coating.
  • the layers are spun on in an inert gas atmosphere, in the present case argon, and baked at 140° to 160° C. for 10 minutes.
  • the materials used are shown in Table 10.
  • the materials for the electron transport layer and for the cathode are thermally evaporated in a vacuum chamber.
  • the electron transport layer can consist of more than one material, which are admixed to one another by co-evaporation in a certain proportion by volume.
  • ETM1 50%) and ETM2 (50%) means that the materials ETM1 and ETM2 are each present in a volume proportion of 50% in the layer.
  • the materials used in the present case are shown in Table 10.
  • Table 9 Results of the solution-processed OLEDs at 1000 cd/m 2
  • Table 10 Structural formulas of the materials used
  • EQE values Extra Quantum Efficients
  • the EQE values are significantly higher and the operating voltages are lower compared to the reference, which leads to significantly improved performance efficiencies of the device and thus to lower power consumption.
  • Production of components for color conversion General production procedure for the composition and derived layers: 0.5 g of the compound ES or EAS according to the invention, 0.2 g of titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ToyoColor, Toyo Ink Group) and 10 g OE-6550 Optical Encapsulant (Dow Corning ) are homogenized with very good stirring (magnetic stirrer) under the action of ultrasound (ultrasonic bath) at 40 °C. Layers with a layer thickness of approx.

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Abstract

La présente invention porte sur des composés azotés qui se prêtent à une utilisation dans des dispositifs électroniques et sur des dispositifs électroniques, en particulier des dispositifs électroluminescents organiques contenant lesdits composés.
EP21823946.5A 2020-12-18 2021-12-15 Composés azotés pour dispositifs électroluminescents organiques Pending EP4263543A1 (fr)

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