EP3386659B1 - Injektionsspitze für eine giessmaschine, giessmaschine und verfahren mit dieser spitze - Google Patents

Injektionsspitze für eine giessmaschine, giessmaschine und verfahren mit dieser spitze Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3386659B1
EP3386659B1 EP16808684.1A EP16808684A EP3386659B1 EP 3386659 B1 EP3386659 B1 EP 3386659B1 EP 16808684 A EP16808684 A EP 16808684A EP 3386659 B1 EP3386659 B1 EP 3386659B1
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European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
liquid metal
tip
injection
conduit
metal
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EP16808684.1A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3386659A1 (de
Inventor
Victor Shribman
Ori Ben David
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ADM28 SARL
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ADM28 SARL
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D17/00—Pressure die casting or injection die casting, i.e. casting in which the metal is forced into a mould under high pressure
    • B22D17/20—Accessories: Details
    • B22D17/2015—Means for forcing the molten metal into the die
    • B22D17/2023—Nozzles or shot sleeves
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D17/00—Pressure die casting or injection die casting, i.e. casting in which the metal is forced into a mould under high pressure
    • B22D17/02—Hot chamber machines, i.e. with heated press chamber in which metal is melted
    • B22D17/04—Plunger machines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D17/00—Pressure die casting or injection die casting, i.e. casting in which the metal is forced into a mould under high pressure
    • B22D17/20—Accessories: Details
    • B22D17/2015—Means for forcing the molten metal into the die
    • B22D17/2038—Heating, cooling or lubricating the injection unit
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D17/00—Pressure die casting or injection die casting, i.e. casting in which the metal is forced into a mould under high pressure
    • B22D17/20—Accessories: Details
    • B22D17/30—Accessories for supplying molten metal, e.g. in rations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D17/00—Pressure die casting or injection die casting, i.e. casting in which the metal is forced into a mould under high pressure
    • B22D17/02—Hot chamber machines, i.e. with heated press chamber in which metal is melted

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an injection nozzle with magnetic necking for a metal die-casting machine, and more particularly to such a nozzle which can be used for the metal die-casting of metal parts.
  • the invention also extends to a casting machine and method using this tip.
  • Metal die casting machines are generally used for metal die casting of metal parts, aluminum, zinc, magnesium, etc. and their alloys. This molding process allows high production rates and high precision of the parts obtained.
  • One of the most important parameters of the process is the pressure at which the molten metal in the liquid state is injected into the mold, particularly at the end of the injection. This pressure ranges from 5 to 30 MPa for so-called hot-chamber machines and from 25 to 200 MPa, or even 350 MPa for so-called cold-chamber machines.
  • liquid metal will be used to denote a molten metal in the liquid state, without prejudging the nature and / or the melting temperature of said metal.
  • JP2005-28429 also describes a similar injection machine comprising a heating sleeve in which metal bars are inserted and melted by a resistive coil surrounding the sleeve.
  • a shutter integral with the mold can be actuated to close the supply channel.
  • the injection pressure depends on the general supply pressure of the machine.
  • US 2002/189781 discloses a heated channel molten metal injection molding machine comprising an induction heating coil wound around the periphery of a metal outer tube surrounding a ceramic nozzle. US 2002/189781 also describes an induction heating coil wound around the channel formed in the nozzle, a space being provided between the nozzle and the fixed plate.
  • the invention therefore aims to provide an injection nozzle adapted to be associated with a casting machine, which allows simple adjustment of the quantity of metal injected and a high pressure at the end of injection.
  • the invention also relates to a casting machine comprising such a tip, particularly suitable for making it possible to obtain high performance.
  • the invention further relates to a method for casting metal, implemented by a casting machine equipped with an injection nozzle according to the invention, a method particularly suitable for metal die casting.
  • the invention relates to an injection nozzle according to claim 1.
  • the invention relates to an injection nozzle. of metal under pressure, of tubular shape, of electrically insulating refractory material, adapted to be inserted between a liquid metal supply pipe and an injection orifice of a mold, comprising an injection channel adapted for the circulation of liquid metal between a first end, called upstream end, adapted to be connected to said pipe and a second end, called downstream end adapted to be connected to the mold, characterized in that said end piece comprises an electromagnetic coil, placed between said ends, d 'axis coincident with at least one axis portion of the channel, adapted to be supplied by a current pulse from a high voltage generator and to generate electromagnetic necking in the injection channel.
  • this nozzle By virtue of this nozzle and particularly to the channel inside which the liquid metal circulates, it is possible to fill the mold placed at the downstream end of the nozzle.
  • the material of the tip being refractory, for example ceramic, it is little degraded by the heat of the metal circulating in the channel.
  • the electromagnetic coil which surrounds this conduit when it is traversed by a pulse of high amperage electric current, the liquid metal circulating in the channel is subjected on the one hand to a magnetic field oriented axially with respect to the coil and channel and on the other hand to an induced current opposite to the direction of the current in the coil.
  • the combination of these two phenomena generates Lorentz forces, oriented radially to the duct, in the direction of its axis.
  • the coil is adapted to be connected to the terminals of a current pulse generator.
  • a generator for example a Marx generator, is capable, by means of one or more spark gaps discharging a capacitor bank, of developing an electric current of the order of several tens of thousands of amperes at a voltage of several thousands of volts in a very short time, of the order of a few milliseconds.
  • the channel has a diameter comprising a constriction between the upstream end and the coil. Thanks to this narrowing which forms a converging nozzle, the speed of the liquid metal at the outlet of the metal supply pipe is increased in line with the electromagnetic coil due to the narrowing of the cross section of the channel. Therefore, when a current is injected into the coil, the necking carried out in the channel, to the right of the coil, in the narrowed part of the channel, projects the liquid metal with a speed which is added to the initial speed of circulation.
  • the coil is embedded in the material of the tip.
  • the electromagnetic coil is placed as close as possible to the liquid metal circulation stream by embedding it in the refractory material forming the tip.
  • the electromagnetic coil is less subject to the reaction forces exerted on its turn or turns during necking.
  • the metal injection conditions temperature, pressure, etc.
  • it it remains possible, particularly when the metal injection conditions (temperature, pressure, etc.) allow it, to use a tip having a thinner wall and therefore to place the electromagnetic coil around and outside the tip nozzle. In this variant, the maintenance of the coil is facilitated.
  • the coil is multi-turns.
  • the coil is a single turn.
  • the electromagnetic coil is made so as to have a plurality of turns extending from the narrow end of the narrowing of the channel towards its downstream end connected to the injection orifice of the mold in order to increase the width of the channel. the zone of striction of the liquid metal in the nozzle and therefore the volume of metal propelled towards the mold.
  • the coil can be a single turn coil, which makes it possible to achieve, for the same output stage of the generator of current pulses, higher frequencies (respectively shorter pulses) thus increasing the instantaneous power of the pulse, better energy transfer and improved lifespan.
  • the invention also extends to a casting machine according to claim 5.
  • the invention extends to a casting machine comprising a liquid metal reservoir, a liquid metal supply pipe connected to said reservoir and provided with an electromagnetic pump adapted to circulate the liquid metal in the pipe in the direction of a mold, characterized in that the machine comprises a nozzle having at least one of the above characteristics, between said pipe and an orifice injection of said mold.
  • the casting machine is more reliable and easier to maintain. Indeed, it is in the nozzle that the greatest pressure variations occur and therefore the phenomena of wear. Therefore, a removable tip allows reduced downtime during maintenance.
  • the electromagnetic pump comprises a plurality of induction coils coaxial with the pipe, adapted to inductively heat the metal circulating in the pipe.
  • the induction coils are supplied with polyphase current so as to generate a mobile magnetic field and drive the liquid metal towards the end piece.
  • Induction coils supplied with alternating currents for induction heating can form a magnetohydrodynamic induction accelerator when supplied with currents having a phase shift from one coil to another. Consequently, in addition to heating the liquid metal in the supply pipe, the coils make it possible to generate an axial magnetic field in the pipe and to impart movement to the liquid metal in the direction of the nozzle.
  • the machine comprises a device for cooling the induction coils interposed between said coils and the pipe.
  • a device for cooling the induction coils interposed between said coils and the pipe.
  • they are isolated from the pipe by an air or water cooling device, for example, for water cooling, by circulation of cooling liquid to the inside of a copper tube used as winding.
  • the resulting speed of circulation, in the direction of the pipe, is further reduced by the presence of the divergent formed by the narrowing of the section of the channel traversed in the opposite direction. It is thus possible to obtain an at least temporary stopping of the circulation of the liquid metal in the supply pipe.
  • the invention also relates to a tip, a casting machine and a casting process characterized in combination by all or some of the characteristics mentioned above or below.
  • the figure 1 shows a longitudinal section of a casting machine 10 comprising a reservoir 11, adapted to contain liquid metal to be injected into a mold 30.
  • the reservoir 11 may include heating means (not shown) to maintain the metal at its temperature of melting, or be shaped like a hopper into which liquid metal is poured from a crucible.
  • the liquid metal is then conveyed in a pipe 12 for supplying the metal in the direction of a tip 20 fixed between the pipe 12 and the mold 30.
  • Line 12 is equipped with an electromagnetic pump 50 comprising a plurality of induction coils 51 regularly spaced along line 12.
  • Each of the induction coils 51 is connected to an inverter 53 adapted to supply the coils 51 with a alternating current.
  • the induction coils 51 fulfill a dual role: on the one hand, they operate as induction heating coils making it possible to keep the liquid metal stream circulating in the pipe 12 in the liquid state, and on the other hand, supplied with power.
  • in polyphase alternating current adapted to the number and to the order of the coils 51, they generate a mobile magnetic field circulating from the reservoir 11 towards the end piece 20, this magnetic field making it possible to circulate the liquid metal in the pipe in the direction of the mold 30 with a speed V0.
  • the induction coils are supplied with three-phase current at a voltage of 400V at a frequency of the order of 50 Hz to 10 kHz with a current which can vary between 50 A and 10,000 A.
  • the coils 51 also include a cooling circuit 52, for example using a cooling liquid circulating in copper tubes forming the coils 51, making it possible to limit their heating.
  • a cooling circuit 52 for example using a cooling liquid circulating in copper tubes forming the coils 51, making it possible to limit their heating.
  • an air cooling system by forced convection, implementing one or more fans and cooling fins integral with the coils.
  • the nozzle 20 is fixed to the end of the pipe 12 by its upstream end 23 (thus marked with respect to the direction of flow of the liquid metal in the pipe and in the nozzle ) by means of flanges 25.
  • the end piece 20 is also fixed at its opposite end, called the downstream end 24, to the mold 30 by flanges 25.
  • the end piece 20 comprises a body 21 made of refractory material and electrically insulating, preferably of ceramic, and more particularly alumina / zirconium nitride. Other refractory materials can also be used, for example ceramics based on alumina, zirconium, yttrium, titanium or nickel oxide, or else a mixture of these constituents in various proportions.
  • the body 21 of the nozzle is crossed by a channel 22 going from the upstream end 23 to the downstream end 24 at which the channel 22 opens into the injection orifice 33 of the mold 30.
  • the channel 22 is preferably of cylindrical shape of revolution and comprises at the level of the upstream end 23 a conical part forming a constriction 27 between a large section of a diameter corresponding to the end of the pipe 12 and a smaller section of the channel 22 corresponding to the section of the injection orifice 33 of the mold 30.
  • the body 21 also comprises, downstream of the constriction 27, an electromagnetic coil 26, surrounding the channel 22 and overmolded in the body 21.
  • the coil 26 is preferably a multi-turn coil, made of copper or other highly conductive material, for example aluminum, cupro -berylium alloy copper-chromium-zirconium, tungsten or tungsten-copper alloy ...
  • the coil 26 is adapted to be connected to a generator 40 of current pulses generally comprising a bank 41 of capacitors charged by an external DC power source (not shown) and discharged into the electromagnetic coil 26 via a spark gap 42.
  • the coil 26 may also be formed from a single turn.
  • the coil 26 has an axis of revolution substantially coincident with at least a portion of the axis of the channel 21, on the part of the latter that it surrounds.
  • the coil 26 thus delimits in the channel 21 a zone, called the necking zone 28, inside which the electromagnetic field created by the coil 26 develops when the latter is supplied by the generator 40.
  • the coil 26 which can be used when the injection conditions allow it, that is to say if the injection pressure and / or the temperature and / or the metal to be injected are compatible with a nozzle whose body 21 comprises sufficiently thin walls, it is possible to place the coil 26 around the body 21.
  • the coil 26 For example, for the injection of zinc alloys (without aluminum) having a melting point less than 450 ° C, it is possible to use a non-magnetic refractory austenitic stainless steel tip which allows satisfactory resistance with thicknesses reduced to a few millimeters.
  • a single or multi-turn electromagnetic coil 26 can then be threaded onto the body 21 and fixed by any suitable means. This variant allows easy removal of the coil while retaining the body 21 of the end piece.
  • the reservoir 11 is filled with a liquid metal, for example a zinc or magnesium alloy.
  • the liquid metal flows from the reservoir 11 into the pipe 12.
  • the inverter 53 supplies the induction coils 51 with a polyphase alternating current (for example three-phase) so as to inductively heat the liquid metal in the pipe 12 to avoid any ignition. solidification or the formation of lumps.
  • Each coil induction 51 also develops a magnetic field whose field lines are oriented along the axis of the induction coils and of the pipe 12. The phase shift of the magnetic field of the induction coils generates a mobile magnetic field in the pipe 12 which moves the liquid metal contained therein towards its end opposite to the reservoir 11, with a substantially constant speed V0.
  • the liquid metal passage section decreases in the constriction 27 and therefore the speed of movement of the metal increases as a function of the section ratio between the upstream end 23 of the nozzle and the section channel 22 to reach a speed V1 at the end of the narrowing, at the entry into the necking zone 28 located under the electromagnetic coil 26.
  • the liquid metal progresses at the speed V1 in the channel 22 then in the injection orifice 33 of the mold 30 to fill one or more indentations 32 formed between the shells 31 of the mold 30.
  • the pulse generator 40 When the indentations 32 are filled, for example at after a predetermined injection time as a function of the speed V1, of the section of the channel 22 and / or of the injection orifice 33 which define the flow of metal and the volume of the cavity (s) 32, the pulse generator 40 is activated and delivers a current pulse, for example with an intensity of the order of 20 kA at 1 MA, with a duration of 40 ⁇ s to 2 ms which circulates in the coil 26.
  • a current pulse for example with an intensity of the order of 20 kA at 1 MA, with a duration of 40 ⁇ s to 2 ms which circulates in the coil 26.
  • the significant variation in the flux of the magnetic field generated by the coil 26 when it is traversed by this current pulse gives rise to a radial magnetic force which is exerted on the liquid metal 13 in the necking zone 28.
  • the liquid metal 13 is thus compressed radially and, due to its incompressibility, is ejected axially t on either side of the necking zone 28 with an ejection speed V2.
  • the combination of this ejection speed V2 with the circulation speed V1 of the liquid metal in the direction of the mold 30 gives the metal a speed corresponding to V1 + V2.
  • this speed V1 + V2 is transformed into an increase in the injection pressure in the mold 30.
  • the metal circulation speed following the combination of the circulation and ejection speeds is V1-V2.
  • the ejection speed V2 is greater in absolute value than the circulation speed V1, which gives the liquid metal a movement in the direction of the pipe 12 of the machine. Thanks to the constriction 27 which behaves in divergence in this direction, the speed of the liquid metal is reduced in the ratio of the sections and does not generate a large shock wave in the pipe 12 liable to damage the machine but simply a pressure wave. which promotes mixing of the metal in the pipe.
  • the dosage of the quantity of metal to be injected into the impressions of the mold may be adjusted by an injection duration before triggering of the pulse generator or by adjusting the speed of transfer of the liquid metal by the frequency and the induction coil supply phase.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Continuous Casting (AREA)
  • Casting Support Devices, Ladles, And Melt Control Thereby (AREA)
  • Moulds For Moulding Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Claims (9)

  1. Injektionsspitze (20) für unter Druck stehendes flüssiges Metall (13), in Röhrenform, aus elektrisch isolierendem, feuerfestem Material, die ausgeführt ist, um zwischen eine Leitung (12) zum Zuführen von flüssigem Metall und eine Injektionsöffnung (33) einer Form (30) eingesetzt zu werden, einen Injektionskanal (22) beinhaltend, der für die Zirkulation von flüssigem Metall zwischen einem ersten Ende, stromaufwärtiges Ende (23) genannt, das ausgeführt ist, um an die Leitung angeschlossen zu werden, und einem zweiten Ende, stromabwärtiges Ende (24) genannt, ausgeführt ist, das ausgeführt ist, um an die Form angeschlossen zu werden,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass:
    - die Spitze eine elektromagnetische Spule (26) beinhaltet, die zwischen den Enden, mit einer gemeinsamen Achse mit mindestens einem Achsabschnitt des Kanals, platziert ist, die ausgeführt ist, um durch einen aus einem Hochspannungsgenerator (40) stammenden Stromimpuls versorgt zu werden, und eine elektromagnetische Einschnürung in dem Injektionskanal (22) zu erzeugen,
    - die elektromagnetische Spule (26) in dem Spitzenmaterial eingelassen ist.
  2. Spitze nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Injektionskanal (22) einen Durchmesser aufweist, der eine Verengung (27) zwischen dem stromaufwärtigen Ende (23) und der elektromagnetischen Spule (26) beinhaltet.
  3. Spitze nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die elektromagnetische Spule (26) mit mehreren Windungen ist.
  4. Spitze nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die elektromagnetische Spule (26) mit einer Windung ist.
  5. Gießmaschine (10), die einen Behälter (11) für flüssiges Metall, eine Leitung (12) zum Zuführen von flüssigem Metall, die an den Behälter angeschlossen ist, und mit einer elektromagnetischen Pumpe (50) versehen ist, die ausgeführt ist, um das flüssige Metall in der Leitung in Richtung einer Form (30) zirkulieren zu lassen, beinhaltet, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Maschine eine Spitze (20) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4 zwischen der Leitung und einer Injektionsöffnung (33) der Form beinhaltet.
  6. Maschine nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die elektromagnetische Pumpe (50) eine Vielzahl von zur Leitung (12) zum Zuführen von flüssigem Metall koaxialen Induktionsspulen (51) beinhaltet, die ausgeführt sind, um durch Induktion das in der Leitung zirkulierende Metall zu erhitzen.
  7. Maschine nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Induktionsspulen (51) mit mehrphasigem Strom versorgt werden, um ein mobiles Magnetfeld zu erzeugen, und das flüssige Metall in Richtung der Spitze (20) anzutreiben.
  8. Maschine nach einem der Ansprüche 6 oder 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine Kühlvorrichtung (52) der Induktionsspulen (50) zwischen den Spulen und der Leitung (12) eingeschoben ist.
  9. Verfahren zum Gießen von unter Druck stehendem flüssigem Metall in eine metallische Form (30), wobei:
    - eine Gießmaschine (10) verwendet wird, die einen Behälter (11) für flüssiges Metall beinhaltet, eine Leitung (12) zum Zuführen von flüssigem Metall, die an den Behälter angeschlossen ist, mit einer elektromagnetischen Pumpe (50) versehen ist, die ausgeführt ist, um das flüssige Metall in der Leitung in Richtung einer Form (30) zirkulieren zu lassen, beinhaltet,
    - die elektromagnetische Pumpe (50) mit mehrphasigem Strom versorgt wird, um das flüssige Metall vom Behälter zur Injektionsöffnung der Form umzulagern,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Gießmaschine (10) eine Spitze (20) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4 umfasst, eine elektromagnetische Spule (26) beinhaltend, die einen Injektionskanal (22) zwischen der Leitung und einer Injektionsöffnung (33) der Form umgibt, und dadurch, dass am Ende der Injektion die elektromagnetische Spule (26) der Spitze (20) mit einem aus einem Hochspannungsgenerator (40) stammenden elektrischen Stromimpuls versorgt wird, um eine elektromagnetische Einschnürung in dem Injektionskanal (22) zu erzeugen, und das unter Druck stehende flüssige Metall zur Injektionsöffnung (33) der Form zu schleudern.
EP16808684.1A 2015-12-11 2016-12-09 Injektionsspitze für eine giessmaschine, giessmaschine und verfahren mit dieser spitze Active EP3386659B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1562245A FR3044943B1 (fr) 2015-12-11 2015-12-11 Embout d'injection pour machine de coulee, machine et procede de coulee faisant usage d'un tel embout
PCT/EP2016/080396 WO2017097961A1 (fr) 2015-12-11 2016-12-09 Embout d'injection pour machine de coulée, machine et procédé de coulée faisant usage d'un tel embout

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3386659A1 EP3386659A1 (de) 2018-10-17
EP3386659B1 true EP3386659B1 (de) 2020-12-02

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Country Link
US (1) US20190001407A1 (de)
EP (1) EP3386659B1 (de)
JP (1) JP6840166B2 (de)
CN (1) CN108367344A (de)
FR (1) FR3044943B1 (de)
WO (1) WO2017097961A1 (de)

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CN113927014A (zh) * 2021-09-09 2022-01-14 仁兴机械（佛山）有限公司 一种射料装置及其压铸机及其压铸方法
CN115863125A (zh) * 2022-10-31 2023-03-28 西北核技术研究所 一种一体化高压真空绝缘堆栈

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FR3044943A1 (fr) 2017-06-16
FR3044943B1 (fr) 2020-12-04
US20190001407A1 (en) 2019-01-03
JP6840166B2 (ja) 2021-03-10
WO2017097961A1 (fr) 2017-06-15
CN108367344A (zh) 2018-08-03
JP2018537296A (ja) 2018-12-20
EP3386659A1 (de) 2018-10-17

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