EP3200603A1 - Aliment pour animaux contenant des acides gras polyinsaturés, à haute résistance à l'abrasion et à grande hydrostabilité - Google Patents

Aliment pour animaux contenant des acides gras polyinsaturés, à haute résistance à l'abrasion et à grande hydrostabilité

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Publication number
EP3200603A1
EP3200603A1 EP15766829.4A EP15766829A EP3200603A1 EP 3200603 A1 EP3200603 A1 EP 3200603A1 EP 15766829 A EP15766829 A EP 15766829A EP 3200603 A1 EP3200603 A1 EP 3200603A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
content
biomass
weight
feed
pufas
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP15766829.4A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Christian Rabe
Amelia Claudia Silva
Stefan Eils
Horst Priefert
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Evonik Operations GmbH
Original Assignee
Evonik Degussa GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Evonik Degussa GmbH filed Critical Evonik Degussa GmbH
Publication of EP3200603A1 publication Critical patent/EP3200603A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
    • A23K10/12—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes by fermentation of natural products, e.g. of vegetable material, animal waste material or biomass
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
    • A23K10/16—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
    • A23K20/147—Polymeric derivatives, e.g. peptides or proteins
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/163—Sugars; Polysaccharides
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K40/25—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by extrusion
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K40/30—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by encapsulating; by coating
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
    • A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
    • C12P7/00—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds
    • C12P7/64—Fats; Fatty oils; Ester-type waxes; Higher fatty acids, i.e. having at least seven carbon atoms in an unbroken chain bound to a carboxyl group; Oxidised oils or fats
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
    • Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
    • Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a feed comprising PUFAs (polyunsaturated fatty acids) having high abrasion resistance and high water stability.
  • PUFAs polyunsaturated fatty acids
  • a labyrinthulea biomass is used which has been obtained by cultivation at a sulphate concentration, so that in the resulting biomass, with respect to the dry matter, a sulphate content of 25 to 60 g / kg, in particular 25 to 50, 25 to 40 or 25 to 35 g / kg, a feed with a very high abrasion resistance and very high water stability can be obtained.
  • a first object of the present invention is therefore a feed containing PUFAs, characterized in that it has an abrasion resistance of at least 91%.
  • the abrasion resistance is preferably at least 92 or 93%, more preferably at least 94%.
  • Another object of the present invention is therefore also a feed containing PUFAs, characterized in that it has a water stability of at least 96%.
  • the water stability is preferably at least 97%, more preferably at least 98%.
  • the feed is produced by extrusion. After extrusion, coating of the extrudate with oil is preferably carried out.
  • the abrasion resistance of the feed was determined with the uncoated, the water stability of the feed, however, with the subsequently oil-coated extrudate.
  • Another object of the present invention is therefore also a method for
  • Abrasion resistance is determined by subjecting the sample to mechanical agitation, and then determining the amount of fines that has separated from the sample.
  • the abrasion resistance was determined according to the invention in the following manner: The dried extrudate (4 mm in diameter and 4 mm in length) was subjected to mechanical stress using the Holmen pellet tester NHP100 (Borregaard Lignotech, Hüll, UK). Prior to performing the test, the samples were screened to remove any adhering fines. The prepared samples (100 g) were then introduced into the pellet tester using a 2.5 mm filter screen. The pellets were then transported at high air velocity (about 70 mbar) for 30 seconds through a tube with a right-angled tube bend. The test parameters are specified by the device.
  • abrasion resistance was reported as PDI (Pellet Durability Index), defined as the amount of in the filter screen after the test was performed remaining sample in percent. The test was carried out in each case with three samples and then the mean value was formed.
  • PDI Port Durability Index
  • the feed according to the invention preferably has a bulk density of 400 to 600 g / l.
  • An inventive feed is preferably by extrusion of a
  • Labyrinthulea biomass contains.
  • the extrusion process is preferably carried out at a temperature of 80-220 ° C., in particular 80-130 ° C., especially 95-1 10 ° C., a pressure of 10-40 bar, and a wave circulation speed of 100-1,000 rpm, in particular 300 ° C. 700 rpm.
  • the residence time of the introduced mixture is preferably 5 to 30 seconds, in particular 10 to 20 seconds.
  • the extrusion process may optionally comprise a compaction and / or a compression step.
  • the components are preferably intimately mixed. This is preferably done in a drum with
  • Shovels is equipped. In this mixing step takes place in a preferred
  • Embodiment of a water vapor injection in particular to effect the swelling of the starch preferably contained.
  • the steam injection is preferably carried out at a pressure of 1 to 5 bar, more preferably at a pressure of 2 to 4 bar.
  • the other food or feed ingredients are preferably comminuted, if necessary, before mixing with the algal biomass to ensure that a homogeneous mixture is obtained in the mixing step.
  • the comminution of the other food or feed ingredients can be done, for example, using a hammer mill.
  • the extrudate produced preferably has a diameter of 1 to 14 mm, preferably 2 to 12 mm, in particular 2 to 6 mm, and preferably also has a length of 1 to 14 mm, preferably 2 to 12 mm, in particular 2 to 6 mm ,
  • the length of the extrudate is adjusted by using a cutting tool during extrusion.
  • the length of the extrudate is preferably selected to be approximately equal to the diameter of the extrudate.
  • the diameter of the extrudate is determined by selecting the sieve diameter.
  • the loading of the resulting extrudate with oil is preferably first dried to a moisture content of at most 5 wt .-%.
  • the loading of the extrusion product with oil can according to the invention
  • labyrinthulea biomasses usable according to the invention is described in detail in the prior art.
  • the invention particular is that for the production of feed according to the invention a Labyrinthulea biomass is used which has a very high sulfate content. In this way, a biomass with a very high content of exopolysaccharides is obtained. Presumably, this ultimately leads to that the extruded feed has such a high abrasion resistance and water resistance.
  • the cells of the taxon Labyrinthulea which can be used according to the invention are also provided.
  • Labyrinthulomycetes wormwood or mucus.
  • Labyrinthulea belong to the family of Thraustochytriaceae. To the family of
  • Thraustochytriaceae include the genera Althomia, Aplanochytrium, Elnia,
  • the biomass particularly preferably comprises cells of the genera
  • the species Aurantiochytrium limacinum (formerly also called Schizochytrium limacinum) is preferred according to the invention.
  • the strain Aurantiochytrium limacinum SR21 is used.
  • polyunsaturated fatty acids are fatty acids which have at least two, in particular at least three, C-C double bonds.
  • PUFAs polyunsaturated fatty acids
  • HUFAs highly unsaturated fatty acids
  • HUFAs are fatty acids which have at least four C-C double bonds.
  • the PUFAs can be present in the cell in free form or in bound form. Examples of the presence in bound form are phospholipids and esters of PUFAs,
  • a majority of PUFAs is in the form of triglycerides, preferably at least 50 wt .-%, in particular at least 75 wt .-% and in a particularly preferred embodiment, at least 90 wt .-% of the PUFAs contained in the cell in the form of triglycerides available.
  • Preferred PUFAs are omega-3 fatty acids and omega-6 fatty acids, omega-3 fatty acids being particularly preferred.
  • Preferred omega-3 fatty acids hereby comprise eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20: 5 ⁇ -3), in particular the (5Z, 8Z, 11Z, 14Z, 17Z) -ecoso-5,8,11,14,17-pentaenoic acid , and the docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22: 6 ⁇ -3), in particular the (4Z, 7Z, 10Z, 13Z, 16Z, 19Z) docosa-4,7, 10,13,16, 19-hexaenoic acid, wherein the EPA, 20: 5 ⁇ -3), in particular the (5Z, 8Z, 11Z, 14Z, 17Z) -ecoso-5,8,11,14,17-pentaenoic acid , and the docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22: 6 ⁇ -3), in particular the (4Z, 7
  • Docosahexaenoic acid is particularly preferred.
  • the cells contained in the biomass are preferably distinguished by the fact that they have a PUFA content, preferably DHA content, of at least 20% by weight, preferably at least 25% by weight, in particular at least 30% by weight, in each case to the cell dry mass, wherein preferably at least 50 wt .-%, in particular at least 75 wt .-% and in a particularly preferred embodiment, at least 90 wt .-% of the lipids contained in the cell in the form of triglycerides.
  • PUFA content preferably DHA content
  • the other feed ingredients are preferably selected from proteinaceous, carbohydrate-containing, nucleic acid-containing and lipid-soluble components and optionally other fatty components and further from other additives such as minerals, vitamins, pigments and amino acids.
  • Nutritional substances may also contain structuring substances, for example to improve the texture or the appearance of the feed.
  • binders can be used to influence the consistency of the feed.
  • a preferred component that is both a nutrient and a structurant is starch.
  • the extrudate obtained is subsequently coated with oil in a preferred embodiment.
  • oil in a preferred embodiment, it is to be distinguished according to the invention between uncoated extrudate and subsequently oil-coated extrudate.
  • the extrudate is, with respect to the final product, preferably coated with 3 to 18 wt .-%, in particular 5 to 15 wt .-%, especially 7 to 13 wt .-%, oil.
  • the oil coating of the extrudate is preferably carried out by vacuum evaporation.
  • a feed according to the invention which has an abrasion resistance of at least 91%, is characterized according to the invention preferably in that it has a
  • This feed preferably further has at least one, preferably all, of the following properties: a) a total protein content of 33 to 67% by weight, preferably 39 to 61
  • Wt .-% in particular 44 to 55 wt .-%;
  • PUFAs polyunsaturated fatty acids
  • omega-3 fatty acids 1 to 7 wt .-%, preferably 1, 5 to 5.5 wt .-%, in particular 2 to 5 wt .-%, especially 2.5 to 4.5 wt .-%;
  • a preferred article according to the invention is therefore a feed, in particular extrudate, which has an abrasion resistance of at least 91, 92, 93 or 94% and additionally has at least one, preferably all, of the following properties: a) a total protein content of 33 to 67 Wt .-%, preferably 39 to 61 wt .-%, in particular 44 to 55 wt .-%;
  • Wt .-% preferably 6 to 17 wt .-%, particularly preferably 8 to 14 wt .-%; d) a content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) of 2 to 13% by weight,
  • PUFAs polyunsaturated fatty acids
  • omega-3 fatty acids 1 to 7 wt .-%, preferably 1, 5 to 5.5 wt .-%, in particular 2 to 5 wt .-%, especially 2.5 to 4.5 wt .-%;
  • a preferred article according to the invention is therefore also a feed, in particular extrudate, which has an abrasion resistance of at least 91, 92, 93 or 94% and additionally has at least one, preferably all, of the following properties: a) a total protein content of 33 to 67 wt .-%, preferably 39 to 61 wt .-%, in particular 44 to 55 wt .-%, b) a total fat content of 5 to 25 wt .-%, preferably 8 to 22 wt .-%, in particular 10 to 20 wt .-%, especially 12 to 18 wt .-%;
  • PUFAs polyunsaturated fatty acids
  • omega-3 fatty acids 1 to 7 wt .-%, preferably 1, 5 to 5.5 wt .-%, in particular 2 to 5 wt .-%, especially 2.5 to 4.5 wt .-%;
  • a content of DHA of 0.5 to 3 wt .-%, preferably 0.8 to 2.8 wt .-%, in particular 1 to 2.8 wt .-%, especially 1, 3 to 2.4 Wt .-%, in particular 1, 3 to 2.2 wt .-%.
  • a preferred article according to the invention is therefore also a feed, in particular extrudate, which has an abrasion resistance of at least 91, 92, 93 or 94% and additionally has at least one, preferably all, of the following properties: a) a total protein content of 33 to 67% by weight, preferably 39 to 61
  • Wt .-% in particular 40 to 50 wt .-%;
  • limacinum biomass especially Aurantiochytrium limacinum SR21 biomass, from 2 to 24% by weight, preferably 4 to 22% by weight, in particular 9 to 20% by weight, especially 1 1 to 18% by weight;
  • PUFAs polyunsaturated fatty acids
  • omega-3 fatty acids 1 to 7 wt .-%, preferably 1, 5 to 5.5 wt .-%, in particular 2 to 5 wt .-%, especially 2.5 to 4.5 wt .-%; g) a content of DHA of 0.5 to 3 wt .-%, preferably 0.8 to 2.8 wt .-%, in particular 1 to 2.8 wt .-%, especially 1, 3 to 2.4 Wt .-%, in particular 1, 3 to 2.2 wt .-%.
  • Abrasion resistance preferably compositions used which have the features mentioned in the previously presented lists.
  • a feed according to the invention which has an abrasion resistance of at least 91%, is according to the invention according to preferably by extrusion of a
  • An inventive feed which has a water stability of at least 96%, according to the invention preferably also by extrusion of a
  • a feed according to the invention which has a water stability of at least 96%, according to the invention is preferably characterized in that it has a
  • Labyrinthulea biomass in an amount of 2 to 22% by weight, preferably 4 to 20
  • This animal feed preferably furthermore has at least one, preferably all, of the following properties: a) a total protein content of from 30 to 60% by weight, preferably from 35 to 55% by weight, in particular from 40 to 50% by weight;
  • PUFAs polyunsaturated fatty acids
  • omega-3 fatty acids 1 to 6 wt .-%, preferably 1, 5 to 5 wt .-%, in particular 2 to 4.5 wt .-%, especially 2.5 to 4 wt. -%;
  • a preferred article according to the invention is therefore also a feed, in particular extrudate, which has a water stability of at least 96, 97 or 98% and additionally has at least one, preferably all, of the following properties: a) a total protein content of 30 to 60 wt .-%, preferably 35 to 55 wt .-%, in particular 40 to 50 wt .-%;
  • Wt .-% preferably 5 to 15 wt .-%, particularly preferably 7 to 13 wt .-%; d) a content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) of 2 to 12% by weight,
  • PUFAs polyunsaturated fatty acids
  • omega-3 fatty acids 1 to 6 wt .-%, preferably 1, 5 to 5 wt .-%, in particular 2 to 4.5 wt .-%, especially 2.5 to 4 wt. -%;
  • a preferred article according to the invention is therefore also a feed, in particular extrudate, which has a water stability of at least 96, 97 or 98% and additionally has at least one, preferably all, of the following properties: a) a total protein content of 30 to 60 wt .-%, preferably 35 to 55 wt .-%, in particular 40 to 50 wt .-%;
  • Wt .-% preferably 5 to 15 wt .-%, particularly preferably 7 to 13 wt .-%; d) a content of Labyrinthulea biomass, in particular Thraustochytriaceae biomass, of 2 to 22 wt .-%, preferably 4 to 20 wt .-%, in particular 8 to 18 wt .-%, especially 10 to 16 wt .-% ;
  • omega-3 fatty acids 1 to 6 wt .-%, preferably 1, 5 to 5 wt .-%, in particular 2 to 4.5 wt .-%, especially 2.5 to 4 wt. -%;
  • a content of DHA of 0.5 to 3 wt .-%, preferably 0.8 to 2.5 wt .-%,
  • a preferred article according to the invention is therefore also a feed, in particular extrudate, which has a water stability of at least 96, 97 or 98% and additionally has at least one, preferably all, of the following properties: a) a total protein content of 30 to 60 wt .-%, preferably 35 to 55
  • Wt .-% in particular 40 to 50 wt .-%;
  • Wt .-% preferably 5 to 15 wt .-%, particularly preferably 7 to 13 wt .-%; d) a content of Aurantiochytrien biomass, especially Aurantiochytrium
  • limacinum biomass especially Aurantiochytrium limacinum SR21 biomass, from 2 to 22% by weight, preferably 4 to 20% by weight, in particular 8 to 18% by weight, especially 10 to 16% by weight;
  • wt .-% preferably 3 to 10 wt .-%, in particular 4 to 9 wt .-%, especially 5 to 8 wt .-%; f) a content of omega-3 fatty acids of 1 to 6 wt .-%, preferably 1, 5 to 5 wt .-%, in particular 2 to 4.5 wt .-%, especially 2.5 to 4 wt. -%;
  • a content of DHA of 0.5 to 3 wt .-%, preferably 0.8 to 2.5 wt .-%,
  • fats in addition to the biomass to be used according to the invention, fats, in particular oils, animal as well as vegetable origin, can be used.
  • vegetable oils are particularly suitable as fatty components, for example soybean oil, rapeseed oil,
  • Sunflower seed oil flaxseed oil or palm oil and mixtures thereof.
  • fish oil can also be used as a fat-containing component in small amounts.
  • a feed according to the invention which has a water stability of at least 96, 97 or 98%, contains vegetable oils in an amount of 3 to 18 wt .-%, in particular 5 to 15 wt .-%, especially 7 to 13 wt. %.
  • the vegetable oil here is preferably subsequently applied to the extrudate, in particular by vacuum coating.
  • soy protein pea protein, wheat gluten or corn gluten and mixtures thereof can be used as the proteinaceous component.
  • a feed according to the invention comprises marine flour, preferably fishmeal, in an amount of from 3 to 18% by weight, in particular from 5 to 15% by weight, especially 7 to 13 wt .-%.
  • carbohydrate-containing component for example, wheat flour,
  • Sunflower meal or soybean meal as well as mixtures thereof.
  • the food or feed is preferably an aquaculture agent or food or feed for use in poultry, pig breeding or cattle breeding.
  • the feed may also be a feed used to grow micro-organisms that can be used as feed in aquaculture.
  • the microorganisms may be, for example, nematodes, crustaceans or rotifers.
  • the feed is preferably flaked, spherical or tablet-shaped. An available by extrusion
  • Feed preferably has a moisture content of less than 5% by weight, more preferably from 0.2 to 4% by weight.
  • the feed for use in aquaculture is preferably used to
  • fin fish and crustaceans which are preferably used to nourish humans. These include in particular carp, tilapia, catfish, tuna, salmon, trout, baramundi, bream, perch, cod, shrimp, lobster, crab, shrimp and crayfish. Particularly preferred is a feed for salmon farming.
  • the preferred salmon species are Atlantic salmon, red salmon, masu salmon, king salmon, keta salmon, silver salmon, Danube salmon, pacific salmon and humpback salmon.
  • it may be a feed intended for the cultivation of Fish, which are then processed into fishmeal or fish oil.
  • the fish are preferably herring, pollack, menhaden, anchovies, capelin or cod.
  • the fish meal or fish oil thus obtained can in turn be used in aquaculture for the breeding of food fish or crustaceans.
  • the aquaculture can take place in ponds, tanks, basins or even in delimited areas in the sea or in lakes, in particular in cages or net pens. Aquaculture can be used to grow the ready-made food fish, but can also be used to raise juvenile fish, which are then released to feed the fish
  • a further subject of the present invention is accordingly also a method for breeding animals, in particular fin fish or crustaceans, preferably salmon, in which a feed according to the invention is used.
  • Another subject of the present invention furthermore relates to an animal, in particular finfish or shellfish, obtainable by such a method according to the invention.
  • a method for producing the biomass, in particular such biomass, which comprises lipids, in particular PUFAs, containing cells, in particular the order Thraustochytriales, are described in detail in the prior art.
  • the preparation is usually carried out by culturing cells in the presence of a carbon source and a nitrogen source in a fermenter. It can biomass densities of more than 100 grams per liter and production rates of more than 0.5 grams of lipid per liter per hour can be achieved.
  • the process is preferably carried out as a so-called fed-batch process, i. that the carbon and nitrogen sources incrementally during the
  • Fermentation be supplied.
  • the lipid production can be induced after reaching the desired biomass by different means, for example by limiting the nitrogen source, the carbon source or the oxygen content or combinations thereof.
  • the fermentation of the cells is preferably carried out in a medium with low salinity, in particular to prevent corrosion. This can be achieved in that, instead of sodium chloride, chlorine-free sodium salts, such as, for example, sodium sulfate,
  • Chloride is preferably used in amounts of less than 3 g / l, in particular less than 500 mg / l, particularly preferably less than 100 mg / l, in the fermentation.
  • the source of carbon is both alcoholic and non-alcoholic
  • alcoholic carbon sources are methanol, ethanol and isopropanol.
  • non-alcoholic carbon sources are fructose, glucose, sucrose, molasses, starch and corn syrup.
  • Suitable sources of nitrogen include both inorganic and organic nitrogen sources.
  • inorganic nitrogen sources are nitrates and ammonium salts, especially ammonium sulfate and ammonium hydroxide.
  • organic nitrogen sources are nitrates and ammonium salts, especially ammonium sulfate and ammonium hydroxide.
  • Nitrogen sources are amino acids, especially glutamate, and urea.
  • inorganic or organic phosphorus compounds and / or known growth stimulants such as yeast extract or corn steep liquor, may also be added to positively affect the fermentation.
  • the amount of sulfate added during the fermentation is chosen so that in the resulting biomass, with respect to the dry matter, a sulfate content of 25 to 60 g / kg, in particular 25 to 50, 25 to 40 or 25 to 35 g / kg.
  • the adjustment of the sulfate content in the resulting biomass can be carried out according to the invention in different ways.
  • the required amount of sulfate can already be completely submitted at the beginning.
  • the amount of sulfate needed is easily calculated as the cells used to form the biomass almost completely assimilate the sulfate.
  • the amount of sulfate required in the course of the fermentation can be added or submitted according to a part of the sulfate and the remainder be metered in the course of the fermentation.
  • Biomass contains the required amount of sulfate.
  • the sulfate salt used is preferably sodium sulfate.
  • the chloride content in the fermentation is preferably less than 3 g / l, in particular less than 500 mg / l, more preferably less than 100 mg / l.
  • other salts in particular selected from sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, soda ash or
  • inorganic phosphorus compounds are used. If further salts are used, these are preferably also used in each case in an amount of less than 3 g / l, in particular less than 500 mg / l, particularly preferably less than 100 mg / l.
  • the total salt content in the fermentation medium is preferably 15 to 25 g / l, in particular 17 to 21 g / l.
  • the sulfate salt used is preferably sodium sulfate, ammonium sulfate or magnesium sulfate and mixtures thereof.
  • the chloride content is during the fermentation, with respect to the liquid
  • Fermentation medium including the biomass contained, preferably always below 3 g / kg, in particular less than 1 g / kg, more preferably less than 400 mg / kg
  • salts in particular selected from sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, soda ash or inorganic phosphorus compounds, may optionally also be used in the fermentation.
  • further salts are preferably used in an amount such that each individual during the fermentation, with respect to the liquid fermentation medium including the biomass contained, in each case in an amount of less than 10 g / kg, in particular less than 5 g / kg, more preferably less than 3 g / kg is present in the fermentation medium.
  • the total salt content in the fermentation medium, including the biomass contained is always below 35 g / kg, in particular below 30 g / kg, during the entire fermentation.
  • the total salt content during the entire fermentation, with respect to the liquid fermentation medium including the biomass contained between 10 and 35 kg / g, in particular between 12 and 30 g / kg.
  • the sulphate content in the fermentation medium including the biomass contained according to the invention is preferably always between 5 and 16 g / kg in the course of the entire fermentation.
  • sulfate content is to be understood as meaning the total content of sulfate, ie the content of free and bound, in particular organically bound, sulfate It is to be assumed that the majority of the sulfate contained in the biomass is known as
  • Component of exopolysaccharides is involved, which are involved in the formation of the cell wall of the microorganisms.
  • the determination of the sulfate content is carried out according to the invention preferably by determining the sulfur content of the resulting biomass, since the majority of the sulfur contained in the biomass is due to the sulfate contained. Sulfur due to other sources is negligible due to the amount of sulphate it contains. From the amount of sulfur detected can thus be determined easily the amount of sulfate contained.
  • the sulfur content of the biomass is determined here preferably by elemental analysis according to DIN EN ISO 1 1885. For the analysis of the sulfur content of the biomass, appropriate aliquots of the sample are preferably digested with nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide at 240 ° C prior to analysis to ensure the free accessibility of the sulfur contained therein.
  • a PUFA-containing biomass is therefore preferably used for the production of the feed, which is characterized in that by elemental analysis according to DIN EN ISO 1 1885 a sulfur content of 8 to 20 g / kg, based on the dry matter, can be detected ,
  • the sulfur content in the biomass is in this case preferably 8 to 17 g / kg, in particular 8 to 14 g / kg, particularly preferably 8 to 12 g / kg, in each case based on the dry matter.
  • the phosphorus content of biomasses used according to the invention is preferably 1 to 6 g / kg, in particular 2 to 5 g / kg, relative to the dry matter.
  • the phosphorus content is preferably also determined by elemental analysis according to DIN EN ISO 1 1885.
  • the fermentation of the cells is preferably carried out at a pH of 3 to 1 1, in particular 4 to 10, and preferably at a temperature of at least 20 ° C, in particular 20 to 40 ° C, particularly preferably at least 30 ° C.
  • a pH of 3 to 1 1, in particular 4 to 10 and preferably at a temperature of at least 20 ° C, in particular 20 to 40 ° C, particularly preferably at least 30 ° C.
  • Fermentation process takes up to about 100 hours.
  • the cells are preferably fermented according to the invention up to a biomass density of at least 50, 60 or 70 g / l, in particular at least 80 or 90 g / l, particularly preferably at least 100 g / l.
  • the data refer here to the content of dry biomass with respect to the total volume of the fermentation broth after completion of the fermentation.
  • the content of organic dry matter is determined by filtering off the biomass from the fermentation broth, followed by washing with
  • the biomass is harvested.
  • pasteurization of the cells occurs to kill the cells and to inactivate enzymes that might promote the breakdown of the lipids.
  • the pasteurization takes place preferably by heating the biomass to a temperature of 50 to 121 ° C for a period of 5 to 60 minutes.
  • antioxidants are BHT, BHA, TBHA, ethoxyquin, beta-carotene, vitamin E and vitamin C.
  • the antioxidant if used, is preferably added in an amount of from 0.01 to 2% by weight.
  • Fermentation medium separated from the biomass and thus the solids content can be increased. This can be done in particular by centrifugation, flotation, filtration, in particular ultrafiltration or microfiltration, decantation and / or solvent evaporation.
  • the solvent evaporation is preferably carried out using a
  • Rotary evaporator a thin film evaporator or a falling film evaporator in a one-stage or multi-stage process.
  • the reverse osmosis for the purpose of narrowing the fermentation broth into consideration.
  • the fermentation broth is preferably concentrated to a solids content of at least 10 or 15% by weight, preferably of at least 20 or 25% by weight, in particular 10 to 50 or 15 to 45% by weight. -%, particularly preferably 15 to 40 wt .-% or 20 to 40 wt .-%.
  • That the biomass to be dried is preferably present in the form of a suspension having the previously stated solids content, the suspension preferably being a fermentation broth or a narrowed fermentation broth.
  • the biomass is now dried, preferably by spray drying, in particular nozzle spray drying, spray granulation, fluidized-bed granulation, in particular fluid bed granulation, or in a drum dryer.
  • the biomass may also be subjected to the drying step immediately after harvesting without prior constriction, especially if the obtained
  • Fermentation broth already has a high solids content, preferably as stated above.
  • this is preferably to a residual moisture content of at most 10 wt .-%, in particular 0 to 10 wt .-%, particularly preferably at most 8 wt .-%, in particular 0.5 to 8 wt .-%, especially not more than 6 or 5 wt .-%, in particular 0.5 to 6 or 0.5 to 5 wt .-%, dried.
  • dry mass is correspondingly preferably to be understood as meaning a product which has a moisture content of less than 10% by weight, in particular less than 5% by weight.
  • a free-flowing, finely divided or coarse-grained product preferably granules
  • a product having the desired grain size can be obtained from the granules obtained by sieving or dust separation.
  • a free-flowing finely divided powder has been obtained, this can optionally be converted by suitable compacting or granulation processes into a coarse-grained, free-flowing, storable and substantially dust-free product.
  • this subsequent granulation or compaction may optionally conventional organic or inorganic excipients or carriers such as starch, gelatin, cellulose derivatives or similar substances that are commonly used in food or feed processing as binders, gelling or thickening used.
  • "Free-flowing" according to the invention is to be understood as meaning a powder which can flow out of a series of glass outlet vessels with differently sized outlet openings at least from the vessel with the opening 5 mm (Klein: Soaps, Oils, Fats, Wachse 94, 12 (1968)) ,
  • finely divided is meant according to the invention a powder with a predominant proportion (> 50%) of a particle size of 20 to 100 micrometers in diameter.
  • Dust-free is to be understood according to the invention as a powder which contains only small amounts ( ⁇ 10%, preferably ⁇ 5%) of particle sizes below 100 micrometers.
  • the determination of the grain or particle sizes is carried out according to the invention preferably by methods of laser diffraction spectrometry.
  • the methods to be used are described in the textbook “Particle Size Measurement in Laboratory Practice” by RH Müller and R. Schuhmann, Stuttgart (1996) and in the textbook “Introduction to Particle Technology” by M. Rhodes, Verlag Wiley & Sons (1998). If different methods are applicable, preference is given to the first applicable methodology from the textbook of RH Müller and R. Schuhmann
  • the biomass obtained by drying preferably has a proportion of at least 80 wt .-%, in particular at least 90 wt .-%, particularly preferably at least 95
  • Wt .-% of particles having a particle size of 100 to 3500 micrometers, preferably 100 to 3000 micrometers, especially 100 to 2500 micrometers.
  • the cultivation of the cells was carried out for about 75 h in a feed process using a steel fermenter with a fermenter volume of 2 liters with a total starting mass of 712 g and a total final mass of 1, 3 - 1, 5 kg. During the process, a glucose solution (570 g / kg glucose) was added ("fed-batch process").
  • composition of the starting medium was as follows:
  • Ammonium sulfate 2.46 g / kg of magnesium sulfate (heptahydrate); 0.45 g / kg potassium chloride; 4.5 g / kg potassium dihydrogen phosphate; 0.1 g / kg thiamine (HCl); 5 g / kg trace element solution.
  • the composition of the trace element solution was as follows: 35 g / kg hydrochloric acid (37%); 1.86 g / kg manganese chloride (tetrahydrate); 1, 82 g / kg zinc sulfate (heptahydrate); 0.818 g / kg sodium EDTA; 0.29 g / kg boric acid; 0.24 g / kg of sodium molybdate (dihydrate); 4.58 g / kg Calcium chloride (dihydrate); 17.33 g / kg iron sulfate (heptahydrate); 0.15 g / kg copper chloride (dihydrate).
  • the cultivation was carried out under the following conditions: culturing temperature 28 ° C;
  • the fermentation took place up to a biomass density of 1 16 g / l.
  • the fermentation broths were heated for 20 minutes at 60 ° C to prevent further activity of the cells.
  • the feed mixtures shown in Table 1 were prepared.
  • two other commercially available Labyrinthulea biomasses and fish oil were tested as the currently still common source of omega-3 fatty acids for comparison.
  • the preparation of the feed mixtures was carried out in each case by mixing the
  • Screw diameter of 55.5 mm and a maximum flow rate of 90-100 kg / h performed.
  • the extruder was equipped with a high-speed cutter in order to convert the product into the intended pellet size.
  • SME The size "SME” is the specific mechanical energy calculated as follows:
  • Max SS maximum speed (267 rpm) of the rotating screw
  • Qs inlet flow rate of the feed pulp (kg / h)
  • Abrasion resistance was evaluated as follows: The dried extrusion was subjected to mechanical stress prior to loading with oil using the Holmen Pellet Tester (Borregaard Lignotech, Hüll, UK). Prior to performing the test, the samples were screened to remove any adhering fines. The prepared samples (100 g) were then introduced into the pellet tester using a 2.5 mm filter screen. The pellets were then treated with high
  • PDI Port Durability Index
  • a feed according to the invention has a significantly higher abrasion resistance and water stability than feed containing a commercially available labyrinthulea biomass or fish oil as a source of omega-3 fatty acids.

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Abstract

Selon l'invention, on a découvert de manière surprenante que pour produire un aliment pour animaux, l'utilisation d'une biomasse contenant des acides gras polyinsaturés, à haute teneur en sulfates, permet d'obtenir un aliment pour animaux présentant une très importante résistance à l'abrasion et une très grande hydrostabilité.
EP15766829.4A 2014-10-02 2015-09-22 Aliment pour animaux contenant des acides gras polyinsaturés, à haute résistance à l'abrasion et à grande hydrostabilité Withdrawn EP3200603A1 (fr)

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PCT/EP2015/071666 WO2016050554A1 (fr) 2014-10-02 2015-09-22 Aliment pour animaux contenant des acides gras polyinsaturés, à haute résistance à l'abrasion et à grande hydrostabilité

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US11464244B2 (en) 2022-10-11
CA2958439C (fr) 2022-09-20
DK201770209A1 (en) 2017-04-03
CN106793798A (zh) 2017-05-31
BR112017006833A2 (pt) 2018-07-03
US20170295823A1 (en) 2017-10-19
CA2958439A1 (fr) 2016-04-07
WO2016050554A1 (fr) 2016-04-07
CL2017000750A1 (es) 2017-12-15
DK180016B1 (da) 2020-01-22

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