EP3140472B1 - Paneel - Google Patents

Paneel Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3140472B1
EP3140472B1 EP15722520.2A EP15722520A EP3140472B1 EP 3140472 B1 EP3140472 B1 EP 3140472B1 EP 15722520 A EP15722520 A EP 15722520A EP 3140472 B1 EP3140472 B1 EP 3140472B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
hook
panel
locking
contour
arresting
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP15722520.2A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3140472A2 (de
Inventor
Hans-Jürgen HANNIG
Arne Loebel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Akzenta Paneele and Profile GmbH
Original Assignee
Akzenta Paneele and Profile GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Akzenta Paneele and Profile GmbH filed Critical Akzenta Paneele and Profile GmbH
Publication of EP3140472A2 publication Critical patent/EP3140472A2/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3140472B1 publication Critical patent/EP3140472B1/de
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F15/00—Flooring
    • E04F15/02—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements
    • E04F15/02038—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements characterised by tongue and groove connections between neighbouring flooring elements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
    • E04F13/07—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor
    • E04F13/08—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements
    • E04F13/0889—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements characterised by the joints between neighbouring elements, e.g. with joint fillings or with tongue and groove connections
    • E04F13/0894—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements characterised by the joints between neighbouring elements, e.g. with joint fillings or with tongue and groove connections with tongue and groove connections
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F15/00—Flooring
    • E04F15/02—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements
    • E04F15/10—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements of other materials, e.g. fibrous or chipped materials, organic plastics, magnesite tiles, hardboard, or with a top layer of other materials
    • E04F15/105—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements of other materials, e.g. fibrous or chipped materials, organic plastics, magnesite tiles, hardboard, or with a top layer of other materials of organic plastics with or without reinforcements or filling materials
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F2201/00—Joining sheets or plates or panels
    • E04F2201/01—Joining sheets, plates or panels with edges in abutting relationship
    • E04F2201/0138—Joining sheets, plates or panels with edges in abutting relationship by moving the sheets, plates or panels perpendicular to the main plane
    • E04F2201/0146—Joining sheets, plates or panels with edges in abutting relationship by moving the sheets, plates or panels perpendicular to the main plane with snap action of the edge connectors

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a panel according to claim 1, which is provided with at least one pair of complementary locking means on opposite panel edges, at least one pair of the locking means being provided with complementary hook profiles, at least one of the hook profiles having a compression region.
  • Such panels are used, for example, to produce floor coverings; they are particularly suitable for floating floor coverings.
  • a panel is known in which an outer surface of the receiving hook is always in contact with a surface of the locking hook near the fuselage when two panels are assembled.
  • the EP 2 339 092 A1 suggests a panel whose locking recess rests on a hook edge of the receiving hook when assembled.
  • the WO 2011/001326 A2 relates to a panel that has a bottom with cuts and from which EP 2 333 195 A1 A panel is known whose receiving hook has a form-fitting contour, which is designed as a separately insertable profile.
  • the invention is based on the object of proposing a panel whose complementary locking means can be better connected and locked both on a hard installation surface and on a soft impact sound-insulating surface.
  • the object is achieved by a panel according to claim 1.
  • the compression area of the hook profile has a positive effect on the lockability of the hook profiles. Because a hook profile can be compressed in the compression area, it simplifies the creation of the locked state. Because compression is an elastic deformation, the compressed state returns after the locking process has ended. The compression area then assumes a neutral, uncompressed shape again and develops a locking effect, which counteracts the movement of locked panels apart in a direction perpendicular to the panel plane.
  • the compression area is arranged on an outward-facing surface of a panel edge.
  • the panel comprises a top, a bottom, a body, complementary locking means which are provided in pairs on opposite panel edges, at least a pair of locking means with hook profiles, namely a receiving hook, and opposite this a locking hook, with the proviso that the receiving hook arranged away from the fuselage has a hook edge and arranged closer to the fuselage has a receiving recess, the receiving recess being open to the top, that the locking hook is arranged closer to the fuselage and is provided with a locking recess that is open to the underside and has a locking shoulder arranged away from the fuselage, which can be inserted into the receiving recess of the receiving hook in a joining direction provided perpendicular to the plane of the panel, so that the locking hook has a transverse joint surface away from the fuselage and also a vertically acting locking contour away from the fuselage, so that the receiving hook is closer to the fuselage a transverse joint surface and also a positive locking contour closer to the fuselage, which fits in
  • the compressibility of the locking contour and receiving contour is designed in such a way that a point load occurring in these areas is generated, or a locally limited surface pressure, which only causes a locally limited compression in these areas.
  • the compression essentially occurs in the material at the contact point where the point load/surface pressure acts.
  • the compressibility is increased to such an extent that any other deformation of the hook profiles that occurs away from the contact point mentioned is counteracted. For example, bending of the hook profiles is counteracted.
  • hook edge of the receiving hook and the locking recess of the locking hook form a lower locking device, in which a female locking element or male locking element is provided on the hook edge of the receiving hook away from the fuselage, and the locking recess has a complementary female locking element or male locking element close to the fuselage Has locking element.
  • the development mentioned can be further promoted in that the male latching element and/or the female latching element of the locking hook has a lower locking contour with increased compressibility, and in that the male latching element and/or the female latching element of the receiving hook has a lower receiving contour with increased compressibility.
  • the hull consists at least partially of a wood material or wood components.
  • the fuselage can at least partially consist of a plastic.
  • the fuselage is provided as a support plate which consists of a plastic or a wood-plastic composite material (WPC).
  • the carrier plate is made, for example, from a thermoplastic, elastomeric or thermosetting plastic. Furthermore, recycled materials made from the materials mentioned can be used within the scope of the invention.
  • Sheet material is preferably used, in particular made of thermoplastic, such as polyvinyl chloride, polyolefins (for example Polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyamides (PA), polyurethanes (PU), polystyrene (PS), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polycarbonate (PC), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyether ether ketone (PEEK ) or mixtures or co-polymers.
  • polyvinyl chloride polyolefins
  • PE Polyethylene
  • PP polypropylene
  • PA polyamides
  • PU polyurethanes
  • PS polystyrene
  • ABS acrylonitrile butadiene styrene
  • PMMA polymethyl methacrylate
  • PC polycarbonate
  • PET polyethylene terephthalate
  • PEEK polyether ether ketone
  • plasticizers can be provided, for example, which are approximately in a range from ⁇ 0% by weight to ⁇ 20% by weight, in particular ⁇ 10% by weight, preferably ⁇ 7% by weight, for example can be present in a range from ⁇ 5% by weight to ⁇ 10% by weight.
  • a suitable plasticizer includes, for example, the plasticizer sold by BASF under the trade name “Dinsch”.
  • copolymers, such as acrylates or methacrylates can be provided as a replacement for conventional plasticizers.
  • Thermoplastics in particular also offer the advantage that the products made from them can be recycled very easily. Recycled materials from other sources can also be used. This creates a further opportunity to reduce manufacturing costs.
  • Such carrier plates are very elastic or resilient, which allows for a comfortable impression when walking on and can also reduce the noise that occurs when walking on compared to conventional materials, so that improved impact sound insulation can be achieved.
  • the aforementioned carrier plates offer the advantage of good water resistance since they have a swelling of 1% or less. This surprisingly applies not only to pure plastic supports but also to WPC materials, as these are explained in detail below.
  • the carrier material can have or consist of wood-polymer materials (Wood Plastic Composite, WPC).
  • WPC Wood Plastic Composite
  • a wood and a polymer can be suitable, which can be present in a ratio of 40/60 to 70/30 , for example 50/50 .
  • Polypropylene, polyethylene or a copolymer made from the two aforementioned materials can be used as polymer components.
  • Such materials offer the advantage that they can be formed into a carrier plate in the above-described process at low temperatures, such as in a range of ⁇ 180 ° C to ⁇ 200 ° C, so that a particularly effective process control, for example with exemplary line speeds in a range of 6m / min, can be made possible.
  • a WPC product with a 50/50 distribution of wood and polymer components is possible with an exemplary product thickness of 4.1 mm, which can enable a particularly effective manufacturing process.
  • WPC materials can, for example, have stabilizers and/or other additives, which can preferably be present in the plastic content.
  • the carrier plate comprises or consists of a PVC-based material.
  • PVC-based materials for the carrier plate are also suitable for a particularly effective manufacturing process, as line speeds of around 8 m / min can be possible with an example product thickness of 4.1 mm, which can enable a particularly effective manufacturing process.
  • carrier plates also have advantageous elasticity and water compatibility, which can lead to the aforementioned advantages.
  • Mineral fillers can be advantageous for plastic-based panels as well as WPC-based panels.
  • Talc or calcium carbonate (chalk), aluminum oxide, silica gel, quartz powder, wood flour, gypsum are particularly suitable here.
  • chalk can be provided in a range of ⁇ 30% by weight to ⁇ 70% by weight, with the fillers, in particular the chalk, being able to improve the slippage of the carrier plate. They can also be colored in a known manner. In particular, it can be provided that the material of the carrier plates has a flame retardant.
  • the material of the carrier plate consists of a mixture of a PE / PP block copolymer with wood.
  • the proportion of PE / PP block copolymer and the proportion of wood can be between ⁇ 45% by weight and ⁇ 55% by weight.
  • the material of the carrier plate can have between ⁇ 0% by weight and ⁇ 10% by weight of other additives, such as flow aids, thermal stabilizers or UV stabilizers.
  • the particle size of the wood is between >0 ⁇ m and ⁇ 600 ⁇ m with a preferred particle size distribution D50 of ⁇ 400 ⁇ m.
  • the material of the carrier plate can have wood with a particle size distribution D10 of ⁇ 400 ⁇ m .
  • the particle size distribution is on the volumetric diameter and refers to the volume of the particles.
  • the material of the carrier plate is particularly preferably provided as a granulated or pelletized pre-extruded mixture of a PE / PP block copolymer with wood particles of the specified particle size distribution.
  • the granules and / or the pellets can preferably have a grain size in a range of ⁇ 400 ⁇ m to ⁇ 10 mm, preferably ⁇ 600 ⁇ m to ⁇ 10 mm, in particular ⁇ 800 ⁇ m to ⁇ 10 mm.
  • the carrier plate consists of a mixture of a PE / PP polymer blend with wood.
  • the proportion of the PE / PP polymer blend and the proportion of wood can be between ⁇ 45% by weight and ⁇ 55% by weight.
  • the material of the carrier plate can have between ⁇ 0% by weight and ⁇ 10% by weight of other additives, such as flow aids, thermal stabilizers or UV stabilizers.
  • the particle size of the wood is between >0 ⁇ m and ⁇ 600 ⁇ m with a preferred particle size distribution D50 of ⁇ 400 ⁇ m.
  • the carrier plate can have wood with a particle size distribution D10 of ⁇ 400 ⁇ m.
  • the particle size distribution is based on the volumetric diameter and refers to the volume of the particles.
  • the material of the carrier is particularly preferably provided as a granulated or pelletized pre-extruded mixture of a PE / PP polymer blend with wood particles of the specified particle size distribution.
  • the granules and / or the pellets can preferably have a grain size in a range of ⁇ 400 ⁇ m to ⁇ 10 mm, preferably ⁇ 600 ⁇ m to ⁇ 10 mm, in particular ⁇ 800 ⁇ m to ⁇ 10 mm.
  • the material of the carrier plate consists of a mixture of a PP homopolymer and wood.
  • the proportion of PP homopolymer can be adjusted and the wood content is between ⁇ 45% by weight and ⁇ 55% by weight.
  • the material of the carrier plate can contain between ⁇ 0% by weight and ⁇ 10% by weight of other additives, such as flow aids, thermal stabilizers or UV stabilizers.
  • the particle size of the wood is between >0 ⁇ m and ⁇ 600 ⁇ m with a preferred particle size distribution D50 of ⁇ 400 ⁇ m.
  • the carrier plate can have wood with a particle size distribution D10 of ⁇ 400 ⁇ m. The particle size distribution is based on the volumetric diameter and refers to the volume of the particles.
  • the material of the carrier plate is particularly preferably provided as a granulated or pelletized pre-extruded mixture of a PP homopolymer with wood particles of the specified particle size distribution.
  • the granules and / or the pellets can preferably have a grain size in a range of ⁇ 400 ⁇ m to ⁇ 10 mm, preferably ⁇ 600 ⁇ m to ⁇ 10 mm, in particular ⁇ 800 ⁇ m to ⁇ 10 mm.
  • the material of the carrier plate consists of a mixture of a PVC polymer and chalk. The proportion of PVC polymer and the chalk proportion can be between ⁇ 45% by weight and ⁇ 55% by weight.
  • the material of the carrier plate can have between ⁇ 0% by weight and ⁇ 10% by weight of other additives, such as flow aids, thermal stabilizers or UV stabilizers.
  • the particle size of the chalk is between >0 ⁇ m and ⁇ 600 ⁇ m with a preferred particle size distribution D50 of ⁇ 400 ⁇ m.
  • the material of the carrier plate can have chalk with a particle size distribution D10 of ⁇ 400 ⁇ m.
  • the particle size distribution is based on the volumetric diameter and refers to the volume of the particles.
  • the material of the carrier plate is particularly preferred as a granulated or pelletized pre-extruded mixture a PVC polymer with chalk of the specified particle size distribution provided.
  • the granules and / or the pellets can preferably have a grain size in a range of ⁇ 400 ⁇ m to ⁇ 10 mm, preferably ⁇ 600 ⁇ m to ⁇ 10 mm, in particular ⁇ 800 ⁇ m to ⁇ 10 mm.
  • the material of the carrier plate consists of a mixture of a PVC polymer with wood.
  • the proportion of PVC polymer and the proportion of wood can be between ⁇ 45% by weight and ⁇ 55% by weight.
  • the material of the carrier plate can contain between ⁇ 0% by weight and ⁇ 10% by weight of other additives, such as flow aids, thermal stabilizers or UV stabilizers.
  • the particle size of the wood is between >0 ⁇ m and ⁇ 600 ⁇ m with a preferred particle size distribution D50 of ⁇ 400 ⁇ m.
  • the material of the carrier plate can have wood with a particle size distribution D10 of ⁇ 400 ⁇ m. The particle size distribution is based on the volumetric diameter and refers to the volume of the particles.
  • the material of the carrier plate is particularly preferably provided as a granulated or pelletized pre-extruded mixture of a PVC polymer with wood particles of the specified particle size distribution.
  • the granules and / or the pellets can preferably have a grain size in a range of ⁇ 400 ⁇ m to ⁇ 10 mm, preferably ⁇ 600 ⁇ m to ⁇ 10 mm, in particular ⁇ 800 ⁇ m to ⁇ 10 mm.
  • particle size distribution generally known methods such as laser diffractometry can be used. With this method, particle sizes in the range from a few nanometers to several millimeters can be determined. This can also be used to determine D50 or D10 values, which 50% or 10% of the measured particles are smaller than the specified one Value.
  • the material of the carrier plate can have hollow microspheres.
  • Such additives can in particular have the effect that the density of the carrier plate and thus of the panel produced can be significantly reduced, so that particularly simple and cost-effective transport and also particularly comfortable laying can be guaranteed.
  • the insertion of hollow microspheres can ensure stability of the panel produced, which is not significantly reduced compared to a material without hollow microspheres. The stability is therefore completely sufficient for the majority of applications.
  • Hollow microspheres can in particular be understood to mean structures which have a hollow base body and a size or a maximum diameter that is in the micrometer range.
  • usable hollow spheres can have a diameter that is in the range of ⁇ 5 ⁇ m to ⁇ 100 ⁇ m, for example ⁇ 20 ⁇ m to ⁇ 50 ⁇ m.
  • any material can be considered as the material of the hollow microspheres, such as glass or ceramic.
  • plastics such as the plastics also used in the carrier material, for example PVC, PE or PP, can be advantageous, although these can optionally be prevented from deforming during the manufacturing process, for example by suitable additives.
  • the hardness of the material of the carrier plate can have values in a range of 30-90 N/mm 2 (measured according to Brinell).
  • the modulus of elasticity can be in a range of 3,000 to 7,000 N/mm 2 .
  • the increased compressibility is through the selection of the material of the hull is provided, which has a hardness (according to Brinell) in the range of 30-90
  • the above-described method makes it possible to combine a particularly advantageous production, in particular of a carrier or a carrier plate for a wall or floor panel, with materials which are used to produce the carrier of the panel due to their outstanding properties are particularly preferred.
  • a manufacturing process in particular of a support with outstanding materials for a decorated wall or floor panel, can be made possible with improved effectiveness, which process also allows the creation of highly adaptable and very stable panels, which at the same time which have material properties suitable for the locking means provided according to the invention with a compression area. This makes it easy to create panels that can have preferred properties.
  • a carrier or a core is produced.
  • the method described above includes, according to method step a), first providing a pourable carrier material.
  • the carrier material serves as a basis for producing, in particular, plate-shaped carriers for panels.
  • it can be present as a uniform material or as a material mixture of two or more materials.
  • the carrier material or at least a component of the carrier material should have a melting point or a softening point in order to shape the carrier material in a further process step by the action of heat, as explained in detail below.
  • the carrier material can be provided as a pourable solid or as granules, whereby the granules can, purely by way of example, have a grain size in a range of ⁇ 100 ⁇ m to ⁇ 10 mm, depending on the material used.
  • This enables problem-free storage and also particularly good adaptability to a desired material composition.
  • a particularly homogeneous mixture of different components can be produced, particularly in granular form, with a particularly defined mixture being available with a precisely adjustable composition.
  • so-called dry blends can be used, i.e. dry plastic powders with additives.
  • granules particularly in the size range described above, can be distributed very homogeneously and in a very defined manner on a substrate, so that a carrier with a highly defined property profile can be produced.
  • a preferred filling or distribution of the carrier material can have a deviation in the bulk density of ⁇ 5%, in particular ⁇ 3%.
  • the pourable, in particular granular, carrier material is arranged between two belt-like conveying means.
  • a lower belt-like conveyor is moved in a circumferential manner and an upper belt-like conveyor is moved in a circumferential manner at a defined distance from the lower conveyor.
  • the carrier material can thus be applied to the lower conveyor and then limited by the lower and upper conveyor. Thanks to precise scattering, there is no need for a lateral limitation.
  • the carrier material can thus be conveyed to or through individual processing stations and processed into a carrier. Furthermore, the carrier material can already be preformed in this process step.
  • the belt-like conveying means can therefore take on two functions, namely that of a means of transport and that of a form.
  • the belt-like conveying means can be at least partially made of Teflon or polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), at least in the area of the two-belt press, as described below.
  • the tapes can be formed entirely from polytetrafluoroethylene, or tapes provided with an outer coating of polytetrafluoroethylene can be used. In the latter case, glass fiber reinforced ones can be used Plastic straps or steel straps can be used. Due to the non-stick properties of this material, such funding can produce a particularly defined, for example smooth, surface of the carrier produced. In this way, it can be prevented that the conveyed carrier material adheres to the conveying means and thus negatively influences the surface structure directly or through adhering material in a next cycle.
  • polyterafluoroethylene is resistant to chemicals and decomposition even at high temperatures, so that, on the one hand, problem-free temperature treatment of the carrier material is possible and the conveying means are also stable for a long period of time.
  • the carrier material can be freely selected.
  • the funding means can run through the entire device, or can be interrupted and designed as several funding means.
  • the discharge of the carrier material according to method step b) can be realized in particular by means of one or a plurality of scattering heads, which can discharge the carrier material in a defined manner.
  • the spreading heads these can, for example, be part of a spreading unit and have at least one rotating spreading roller.
  • a funnel can be provided which can discharge the material to be discharged onto the spreading roller in a defined manner.
  • a squeegee can also be provided, which spreads the material into recesses in the roller.
  • the material can then be discharged from the spreading roller with the help of a rotating brush roller, whereby it hits an impact surface and from there slides onto the conveyor.
  • a spreading width adjustment can also be provided.
  • the carrier material can be discharged particularly homogeneously take place, which can also lead to a homogeneous carrier with a defined quality.
  • the carrier can be particularly tailor-made in a particularly simple manner, for example by providing a desired material mixture.
  • the mixture can be easily adjusted during the manufacturing process or between two batches, so that a particularly high degree of variability can be ensured.
  • equipping the individual scattering heads differently a mixture for the carrier material can only be created immediately before processing, so that a negative influence of the various components on one another and a resulting reduction in the quality of the carrier produced can be prevented.
  • the carrier material arranged between the belt-like conveying means is shaped under the influence of temperature or heat.
  • the heat or heat applied causes the carrier material or at least part of it to melt or soften, which can, for example, make the granules malleable. In this state, it can homogeneously fill the receiving space that forms between the conveying means and thus form a web-shaped carrier that can be further treated.
  • the web-shaped carrier formed in this way can be compressed simultaneously with or after process step c) following process step d).
  • This process step can be carried out in particular in a suitable press or roller. This is where the first compression takes place web-shaped carrier.
  • the carrier can already essentially obtain its desired thickness, so that only slight compaction needs to take place in subsequent processing steps and the further steps can therefore be carried out particularly gently, as will be explained in detail below.
  • it can be ensured that the temperature of the carrier has cooled down to such an extent that suitable compressibility can be achieved while obtaining the desired result.
  • the carrier is treated further under the influence of pressure using a two-belt press.
  • the surface properties of the carrier can be adjusted in this process step.
  • the surface can in particular be smoothed.
  • the previously compressed carrier can be treated under the influence of pressure, in particular the pressure can be chosen to be low so that this second compression only takes place in a very small area.
  • compression can take place in a range of ⁇ 10%, ⁇ 5%, in particular ⁇ 3% of the total thickness of the carrier before compression.
  • compaction can occur in a range of 0.2-0.3 mm with a plate thickness of 4.5 mm.
  • the design of the processing device in this process step can therefore be selected in particular depending on a desired setting of the surface properties, which can be particularly gentle.
  • the two-belt press can thus serve as a calibration zone, in particular for adjusting the final surface properties as well as the thickness of the carrier.
  • the use of a two-belt press can be used be advantageous because particularly gentle compression steps are possible with such a press and the surface quality can also be adjusted particularly effectively and in a defined manner.
  • the use of a belt press in particular can enable high line speeds, so that the entire process can enable a particularly high throughput.
  • such a belt press which usually has a fairly long processing space in the conveying direction of the carrier, can have a plurality of temperature control zones, which can allow a temperature profile and thus an effective adjustment of the surface properties even at high line speeds.
  • the belt press can include steel belts, for example without a coating or coated with polyterafluoroethylene, and/or can be tempered using a thermal oil heater.
  • Smoothing or adjusting the surface quality in this step can mean that although the top surface is smoothed, structures or pores that have already been introduced are not influenced or only influenced in a defined area, so that they are still in the desired manner even after this process step can be available if this is desired. This can be made possible in particular by using a belt press with a suitable temperature profile and with suitable pressure values.
  • the wearer is in front of or in the two-belt press and thus in particular during or before process step e), in particular below the melting point or the softening point of a plastic component of the carrier material. Cooling can only take place in a limited range, so that the carrier still has an increased temperature compared to room temperature (22 ° C), but is below the previously set elevated temperature and preferably and depending on the plastic used, below the melting point or softening point of the plastic contained in the carrier material. This can be done, for example, by a suitable choice of the temperature of the temperature control devices which are located in the two-belt press, or the carrier can be cooled or heated less in particular by temperature control means arranged in front of the two-belt press.
  • a particularly high-quality surface image can be produced, since the belts of the two-belt press, which can be made of polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon), are protected. Furthermore, bowling or the occurrence of voids or pores can be prevented, so that the surface of the carrier can be of particularly high quality.
  • Suitable temperatures are, for example and not limiting, in a range of below 130 ° C, for example in a range from ⁇ 80 ° C to ⁇ 115 ° C, for example from 120 ° C, for polyethylene.
  • the web-shaped carrier is optionally further cooled.
  • the carrier can be cooled, in particular by providing a cooling device with defined cooling stages, to a temperature which corresponds to room temperature or, purely by way of example, is in a range of up to 20 ° C above.
  • a cooling device with defined cooling stages
  • the carrier After the carrier produced has cooled, the carrier can initially be stored in a web-like form or as individual plate-like carriers and the process can initially be completed. Preferably, however, further treatment steps immediately follow, which can be implemented without sanding, in particular in order to process the carrier provided in such a way as to produce a finished panel, as will be explained in detail below.
  • the increased surface pressure creates a greater compression path.
  • material recesses can be created like tooth gaps.
  • the underside of the receiving hook preferably lies in a plane that is identical to the plane of the underside of the panel.
  • Each female latching element conveniently has a latching surface directed towards the top or bottom of the panel, and each male latching element has a complementary latching surface directed towards the other side of the panel, so that the latching surface of the female latching element is together with the latching surface of the male Locking element in the locked state of two panels counteracts a movement apart of locked panels perpendicular to the panel plane.
  • a gap is provided between the locking surface of the female locking element and the locking surface of the associated male locking element in the locked state of two panels, which is a few tenths of a millimeter, preferably 0.1 mm. This can simplify the assembly process if, for example, a relative displacement between the transverse edges is to be carried out.
  • the panels can be designed in such a way that during the joining movement, first the upper latching and then the lower latching are completely joined together.
  • the horizontal locking surfaces of the hook profiles are preferably inclined at an angle of 0° to 25° relative to the surface normal of the top side and are arranged essentially parallel to one another in the locked state of two panels.
  • the angle of inclination essentially depends on the configuration of the locking contour and the positive locking contour, in particular on where the female or male locking element is arranged. An angle of inclination between 7° and 25° has proven to be beneficial. A smaller inclination tends to be provided if the locking contour is provided with the female locking element and the form-fitting contour has the matching male locking element. The smaller the angle of inclination, the The holding force against pulling apart is higher in the plane of the assembled panels and perpendicular to the relevant transverse edges.
  • Angles of inclination ⁇ 7° are therefore preferred and an angle of inclination of approximately 3° is particularly favorable.
  • a negative angle of inclination of the two horizontal locking surfaces is also possible. This would achieve a locking effect perpendicular to the panel plane. If the female and male locking elements are swapped, a larger angle of inclination is usually advisable so that the locking contour can be connected to the positive locking contour.
  • the hook edge of the receiving hook can have a sliding slope away from the fuselage. This is a surface that is inclined relative to the panel plane and which simplifies the insertion of the hook edge into the locking recess of the locking hook.
  • the locking heel has a sliding slope on its side remote from the fuselage.
  • the sliding bevel is a surface that is inclined relative to the panel plane and which simplifies the insertion of the locking shoulder into the receiving recess of the receiving hook. It is expediently designed so that it comes into contact with the form-fitting contour. At the same time, the horizontal locking surface of the locking hook slides down on the horizontal locking surface of the receiving hook and forms an abutment. In this way, surface pressure is created during the joining movement due to the contact between the sliding bevel and the form-fitting contour. In particular, there is a compression of the locking contour and the receiving contour. The compression of these areas makes it possible to create a positive fit.
  • the sliding slope makes it easier to lock two panels.
  • the compressible areas of the receiving contour and locking contour are elastically compressed.
  • the locking contour passes the form-fitting contour until both have reached a position in which they fit into one another in a form-fitting manner. In this way, a closed joint can be achieved.
  • the horizontal locking surfaces of the two hook profiles are then preferably nestled together.
  • a pair of pivoting profiles can be provided, namely a groove profile with an undercut in a groove wall and a matching tongue profile with an undercut on the corresponding side of the tongue.
  • the pivoting movement also lowers the locking hook of the new panel in a scissor-like movement essentially in a vertical plane and inserts it into the receiving hook of a panel lying in the same row of panels.
  • the locking shoulder initially only protrudes into the receiving opening at one end of the panel edge.
  • the locking heel comes step by step into the receiving opening.
  • a transparent cover layer can be provided on the top and/or a decorative layer, with the fuselage or the decorative layer being visible through the transparent cover layer.
  • the transparent top layer serves to protect the layer underneath. It can be provided with means that reduce wear, for example corundum particles, glass particles, etc. and/or itself consist of chemically hardening resistant material, for example a lacquer hardened by ultraviolet light or a curable resin layer, such as a melamine-containing resin layer.
  • a counter-pull layer can be provided on the underside of the panel. This acts as a balance to the layers provided on the top to counteract distortion of the panel.
  • a possibility and thus a method is proposed as to how a new square panel, which is provided with two longitudinal edges and two transverse edges, can be locked simultaneously to a previous row of panels already assembled from identical panels and to an already assembled identical panel from the same row of panels with the proviso that a first longitudinal edge is positively connected to the previous row of panels by pivoting the new panel into the plane of the assembled panels, at the same time a first transverse edge of the new panel being positively engaged with a second transverse edge of the assembled panel of the same by a scissor-like movement Row of panels is brought, with the further proviso that the first transverse edge of the panels each has a first transverse joint surface and the second transverse edge of the panels each has a second transverse joint surface, the first transverse joint surface being brought into contact at the end which faces the first longitudinal edge with the second transverse joint surface of the assembled panel of the same Row of panels, whereby the positive connection of the longitudinal edge and the transverse edge of the new panel is created by creating a longitudinal joint gap and a
  • the transverse edges Due to the transverse joint gap, the transverse edges are slightly shifted/offset in their longitudinal direction.
  • the offset corresponds to the gap dimension at the widest point of the transverse joint gap.
  • the transverse edges must be movable/displaceable relative to each other. It is advantageous if at least one catch, for example the lower catch, is designed in such a way that a small gap, for example 0.1 mm, is provided between catch surfaces in order to facilitate the mobility of the transverse edges.
  • the longitudinal joint gap can be created by temporarily moving the new panel out of its parallel alignment with the previous row of panels and creating the wedge tip of the longitudinal joint gap at the distal end of the first longitudinal edge of the new panel.
  • the longitudinal joint gap can be created by temporarily moving the new panel out of its flat shape by arching it out of its panel plane towards its top side.
  • Fig. 1 shows a first pair of edges of a panel 1 or 1 'according to the invention.
  • a pair of longitudinal edges of a rectangular panel The pair of longitudinal edges has complementary swivel profiles S.
  • all form-fitting profiles known in the prior art can be provided, which can be connected in a form-fitting manner by placing a new panel obliquely on a previous row of panels and then pivoting a new panel 1 'into the plane of the mounted panels.
  • the complementary swivel profiles S according to Fig. 1 include a groove profile 2 and a tongue profile 3.
  • the groove profile 2 has an upper groove wall 2a, which is shorter than the lower groove wall 2b.
  • the lower groove wall is also provided with an undercut recess 2c for the spring profile 3.
  • the recess 2c also has a horizontal locking surface 2d.
  • the spring profile 3 is provided with a spring top 3a and a spring bottom 3b, which is arranged essentially parallel to the top 4 'of the new panel 1'.
  • the underside of the spring has an undercut 3c and a horizontal locking surface 3d, which cooperates with the horizontal locking surface 2d of the lower groove wall 2b.
  • the inclination of the new panel 1' is in Fig.
  • a second pair of edges of a different type is in the Figures 2a to 2c each shown in excerpts. This pair of edges is provided on the transverse edges of the panel 1 and 1 '. Panels 1 and 1' are identical panels. Each Individual panels have complementary profiles 5 and 6 on opposite transverse edges of a pair of edges. In panel 1, the edge not shown therefore has a profile that is identical to profile 5 of panel 1 'and in panel 1' the edge not shown is identical to profile 6 of panel 1.
  • first pair of edges (pair of longitudinal edges) of which is designed with complementary profiles that are identical to the profiles of the second pair of edges (pair of transverse edges).
  • each panel 1 and 1 ' form complementary locking means in the form of hook profiles H.
  • the hook profile of the panel 1 forms a receiving hook 7 and the hook profile of the profile 1' forms a locking hook 8, which fits into the receiving hook.
  • the two hook profiles are designed in such a way that a locking or upper locking takes place, which counteracts the panels moving apart in the opposite direction.
  • the panels 1 and 1 ' cannot be released from each other again perpendicular to the plane of the mounted panels after they have been locked/latched.
  • Each panel 1 or 1' comprises a body 9 or 9' on which the mentioned complementary locking means are arranged.
  • the top 4 of the panels each forms a usable surface.
  • the fuselage which can also be referred to as a carrier plate, has a wood-plastic composite material (WPC) in the present exemplary embodiment.
  • WPC wood-plastic composite material
  • the carrier plate can be made from a plastic, for example a thermoplastic, elastomeric or thermosetting plastic or a recycled material made from the materials mentioned.
  • a hook edge 10 is provided on the receiving hook 7 far from the fuselage and a receiving recess 11 is provided closer to the fuselage.
  • the receiving recess 11 is open to the top 4.
  • the locking hook 8 is provided with a locking recess 13 which is arranged closer to the fuselage and is open to the underside 12 and has a locking shoulder 14 away from the fuselage.
  • the locking shoulder fits in the vertical joining direction T into the receiving recess 11 of the receiving hook 7.
  • the locking hook 8 has a transverse joint surface 15 away from the fuselage and also a vertically locking locking contour 16 away from the fuselage.
  • the receiving hook 5 has a transverse joint surface 17 near the fuselage and also a form-fitting contour 18 near the fuselage, which fits together in a form-fitting manner with the locking contour 16 of the locking hook 8. In this way, an upper locking V O is formed, with which a locking perpendicular to the panel plane can be effected.
  • the locking hook 8 has a horizontal locking surface 19 arranged close to the fuselage, which is arranged on its locking shoulder 14.
  • the receiving hook 7, arranged away from the fuselage in the receiving recess 11, has a horizontal locking surface 20, which cooperates with the horizontal locking surface 19 of the locking hook 8.
  • the receiving hook 7 is provided with a narrowed receiving opening 21 at its receiving recess 11.
  • the locking shoulder 14 can be inserted into the receiving recess 11 essentially in the vertical joining direction T, that is to say in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the locked panels.
  • the panel 1 with the receiving hook 7 is arranged on a solid surface (not shown).
  • the locking shoulder 14 of the panel 1 ' is lowered perpendicular to the panel plane (vertical) in order to lock the panel edges.
  • the locking contour 16 of the locking hook 7 remote from the fuselage has an upper locking contour 23a, which is designed to be compressible and is provided with a female locking element 16a (recess).
  • the female locking element 16a has a locking surface 16b which is directed towards the top 4 'of the panel 1' and which stands behind the plane of the transverse joint surface 15 of the locking hook 6.
  • the form-fitting contour 18 of the receiving hook 7 near the fuselage has an upper receiving contour 22a, which is designed to be compressible and is provided with a male locking element 18a.
  • the male locking element 18a has a locking surface 18b, which is directed towards the underside 12 of the panel 1 and protrudes above the plane of the transverse joint surface 17 of the receiving hook 7. In the locked state, the locking surface 18b engages behind the female locking element 16a of the locking hook 8.
  • the upper receiving contour 22a includes the male locking element 18a.
  • the compressibly designed upper locking contour 23a includes the female locking element 16a of the locking hook 8.
  • the upper locking contour 23a thus essentially includes that material area which forms the locking surface 16b.
  • the female locking element forms a free tip.
  • the free tip gives way under a point load acting on the outside from the outside; it is elastically compressed and flattened. This happens when the compressibly designed male locking element 18a is brought into point contact with the free tip of the female locking element 16a.
  • the male locking element 18a is in turn flattened.
  • the compressibility of the male locking element 18a and the female locking element created in this way is essentially based on the material properties of the material of the fuselage. In the present example, this has a hardness (according to Brinell) of 40 N/mm 2 and an elastic modulus of 4,000 N/mm 2 .
  • the locking contour 16 of the locking hook 8 can be inserted particularly easily into the form-fitting contour 18 of the receiving hook 7.
  • FIG. 2b shows Fig. 2b that the receiving hook 7 has an outer surface on its hook edge 10, which has no contact with an opposite surface of the locking hook 8 near the fuselage when two panels are assembled.
  • FIGS. 3a-3c show a further development of the above-described exemplary embodiment, in which an additional lower locking Vu is provided, which improves the locking effect perpendicular to the plane of the panels.
  • Identical reference numbers are used in all following figures for identical design features.
  • the locking hook 8 - for producing a lower locking Vu - is provided with a female locking element 13a.
  • This has a locking surface 13b, which is directed towards the top 4 'of the panel 1'.
  • the receiving hook 7 is provided with a male locking element 10a.
  • This has a locking surface 10b, which is directed towards the underside 12 of the panel 1, so that it can cooperate with the locking surface 13b of the female locking element 13a.
  • the locking hook 8 is designed so that the locking recess 13 of the locking hook 8 is expanded during the joining process and at the same time the hook edge 10 is compressed.
  • the lower locking contour 23b is essentially the material area which forms the female locking element 13a with the locking surface 13b. It has a free tip provided far from the fuselage on the locking surface 13b, which can be easily flattened elastically when it comes into contact with the male locking element 10a of the lower receiving contour 22b at certain points. In contact with each other, both sides flatten, namely the male locking element 10a as well as the female locking element at the free tip of the locking surface 13b.
  • the group of figures 4a-4c shows an alternative to the previous group of figures that is not according to the invention.
  • the female and male locking elements are swapped, that is, the upper locking V O has been modified so that the locking hook 8 has a compressible upper locking contour 23a, the locking element 16c of which is male and has an upward-pointing locking surface 16d.
  • the form-fitting contour of the receiving hook 7 has a compressible upper receiving contour 22a with a female locking element 18c and a downward-pointing locking surface 18d.
  • the locking surfaces 16d/18d touch each other in the locked state and prevent the connected panels from coming loose in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the panels.
  • the lower locking Vu is identical to the lower locking that was proposed in the group of figures 3a-3c.
  • FIG. 5a-5c Another alternative is shown in figure group 5a-5c. This differs from the previous group of figures in that the male and female locking elements of the lower locking element Vu are swapped.
  • the compressible lower locking contour 23b of the locking hook 8 has a male locking element 13c
  • the compressible lower receiving contour 22b of the receiving hook 7 also has a female locking element 10c is provided, which includes a locking surface 10d.
  • the compressibility of the lower locking contour 22b is essentially based on that material area which forms the locking surface 10d.
  • a free tip is pronounced at one end of the locking surface 10d of the female locking element.
  • the free tip gives way under a point load acting on the outside from the outside; it is elastically compressed and flattened. This happens when the compressibly designed male locking element 13c is brought into point contact with the free tip of the female locking element 10c.
  • the male locking element 13c in turn gives way and is flattened.
  • FIG. 6a-6c A final alternative is shown in group of figures 6a-6c.
  • the upper latching corresponds to that of the exemplary embodiment of the figure groups 2a-2c/3a-3c, while the lower latching Vu is identical to the lower latching, which is based on the Figures 5a-5c has been explained.
  • FIG. 7 an example of a further development of the panel according to the figure group 2a-2c.
  • the panel edge with the receiving hook 7 is shown in detail from this panel.
  • the hook edge 10 remote from the fuselage has a flat outer surface.
  • a compressible upper receiving contour 22a with a male locking element 18e is provided.
  • the special feature of this exemplary embodiment is that the male locking element 18e is provided with material recesses 18f.
  • the male locking element 18e has the basic shape of a rib with an approximately triangular cross section.
  • the material recesses 18f are designed as groove-shaped gaps. The gaps alternate with the remaining rib pieces of the male locking element 18e from. This results in a “comb-like” design of the male locking element. This design increases the compressibility of the male locking element.
  • the rib pieces when compressed, can expand into the gaps.
  • the groove walls of the material recesses 18f are arranged parallel to one another and perpendicular to the plane of the panel.
  • the material recesses 18f can have any other design that increases the compressibility of the male locking element 18e.
  • a variant, not shown, provides that the groove walls of the material recesses are arranged in planes, which are each inclined at an acute angle with respect to the plane of the panel.
  • Another variant provides for the material recesses to be arranged in such a way that they form cavities inside the compressible material area. These can be designed so that they are not visible from the outside.
  • those material areas that have to be compressed for locking can be provided with additional material recesses, which also increase the compressibility in the area of the respective female locking element.
  • the Figures 8a-8c show the production of a floor covering from panels according to the invention.
  • the panel rows P1-P3 are shown in detail.
  • the new square panel 24 is shown only schematically.
  • the panels used are an exemplary embodiment with a pair of longitudinal edges 24a/24b, which are provided with complementary positive pivot profiles S, and with a pair of transverse edges 24c/24d, which have complementary hook profiles H.
  • the swivel profiles S are used to connect panels from different panel rows together.
  • the hook profiles H serve to connect panels of the same panel row P3 to one another.
  • the hook profiles H of the pair of transverse edges can be designed as in one of the exemplary embodiments according to Figures 2a to 6c .
  • Fig. 8a shows how a new panel 24 is mounted in the front row of panels P3, which is to be locked both with the previous row of panels P2 and with a transverse edge 25d of an adjacent panel 25 of the same row of panels P3.
  • the new panel 24 is inclined with respect to the plane of the assembled panels and is attached to the front row of panels P2 with one of its pivot profiles S. It is then locked with the previous row of panels P2 by pivoting into the plane of the assembled panels.
  • the hook profile (locking hook 8) provided on the transverse edge 24c of the new panel 24 also locks with the hook profile (receiving hook 7) provided on the transverse edge 25d of the panel 25 of the same panel row P3. While the new panel 24 is pivoted into the plane of the assembled panels, the locking hook 8 is simultaneously brought into engagement with the receiving hook 7 in a scissor-like joining movement.
  • the positive connection of the longitudinal edge 24a and the transverse edge 24c of the new panel 24 is according to Fig. 8c produced by creating a longitudinal joint gap L between the new panel 24 and the previous row of panels P2 and a transverse joint gap Q between the transverse edge 25d of the panel 25 and the transverse edge 24c of the new panel 24.
  • the wedge tip of the transverse joint gap Q points in the direction of the previous row of panels P2 and the wedge tip of the longitudinal joint gap L points in the direction of the free second transverse edge 24d of the new panel 24.
  • the longitudinal joint gap L is created by temporarily moving the new panel 24 out of its parallel alignment to the previous row of panels P2 and creating the wedge tip of the longitudinal joint gap L at the distal end of the first longitudinal edge 24a of the new panel 24.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Floor Finish (AREA)
  • Finishing Walls (AREA)
  • Dry Formation Of Fiberboard And The Like (AREA)
  • Joining Of Building Structures In Genera (AREA)
  • Packaging Of Annular Or Rod-Shaped Articles, Wearing Apparel, Cassettes, Or The Like (AREA)
  • Connection Of Plates (AREA)
  • Casting Or Compression Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Casings For Electric Apparatus (AREA)
EP15722520.2A 2014-05-08 2015-05-08 Paneel Active EP3140472B1 (de)

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DE102014106492.5A DE102014106492A1 (de) 2014-05-08 2014-05-08 Paneel
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CA2952703A1 (en) 2015-11-12
RU2673573C2 (ru) 2018-11-28
US11230846B2 (en) 2022-01-25
RU2016147960A (ru) 2018-06-08
US20170067261A1 (en) 2017-03-09
DE102014106492A1 (de) 2015-11-12
RU2016147960A3 (ru) 2018-06-08
US10711466B2 (en) 2020-07-14
US20200332532A1 (en) 2020-10-22
PT3140472T (pt) 2024-04-03
CN106460395B (zh) 2020-07-10
WO2015169960A2 (de) 2015-11-12
CN106460395A (zh) 2017-02-22
CA2952703C (en) 2019-06-04
WO2015169960A3 (de) 2016-03-17
EP3140472A2 (de) 2017-03-15

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