Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
  • E01D—CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
  • E01D15/00—Movable or portable bridges; Floating bridges
  • E01D15/12—Portable or sectional bridges
  • E01D15/124—Folding or telescopic bridges; Bridges built up from folding or telescopic sections
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
  • E01D—CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
  • E01D15/00—Movable or portable bridges; Floating bridges
  • E01D15/12—Portable or sectional bridges
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
  • E01D—CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
  • E01D15/00—Movable or portable bridges; Floating bridges
  • E01D15/12—Portable or sectional bridges
  • E01D15/133—Portable or sectional bridges built-up from readily separable standardised sections or elements, e.g. Bailey bridges
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
  • E01D—CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
  • E01D21/00—Methods or apparatus specially adapted for erecting or assembling bridges

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a temporary bridge for crossing breaches, especially for the passage of pedestrians, vehicles or other mobile craft.
• Such bridges are known to allow the crossing of a gap by means of one or more joists assembled together.
• the dimensions of the bridges impose a clear ground to allow their deployment. A preparation of the ground by qualified operators may therefore be necessary prior to the deployment of the bridge, particularly as an example, when wooded areas are adjacent to said breach to cross.
• This runway is therefore rigid and integral with each of the bridges. It can be performed as examples, made of steel, wood or composite material. This track increases the total weight of the bridge to be transported.
• the weight of the deckboards thus assembled must be compensated for by the weight of the laying machine in order to avoid any imbalance of the latter when the deck is removed.
• the vehicle must have a suitable chassis and is not very mobile in rough terrain.
• the objective of the present invention is therefore to propose a bridging system, simple in its design and in its operating mode, particularly compact and lightweight to allow deployment in hard-to-reach areas and in all types of operational conditions. .
• This temporary bridge can in particular be stored and deployed from a tray or a container of reduced length which, once brought to the deployment zone, is placed on the surface of the ground.
• This length of the bridge element and its width make it advantageously compatible with a tray or ISO 20 feet container for road transport, or fluvial thereof.
• the solid structure of a container allows lifting from the top and protects the temporary bridge from external aggression.
• Another object of the present invention is a light temporary bridge allowing the implementation of less heavy laying gear, so more mobile and likely to move in areas of uneven terrain not accessible with the laying machines of the art prior. This objective is achieved with a light running track.
• the rolling track of the temporary bridge may, for example, be reported after deployment of the latter.
• the rollout of the bridge without its runway allows the implementation of a less complex and faster deployment system.
• the invention relates to a temporary bridge comprising bridge elements intended to be superimposed when said bridge is in a first position called non-deployed.
• each bridge element comprises at at least one of its ends a coupling face adapted to cooperate with the coupling face of another bridge element so as to assemble said bridge elements when they are put end to end,
• these bridge elements are articulated with respect to one another by being interconnected by at least one pair of parallel connecting arms and mounted laterally to said bridge elements, the ends of the arms being movable in rotation,
• the bridge comprises displacement members of each bridge element superimposed on another bridge element in said first position, between this first position and a second, so-called extended position, where the coupling faces of this bridge element and said another bridge element are placed vis-à-vis and coupled to form the bridge, and the temporary bridge has a track reported or not.
• the temporary bridge comprises in its non-deployed position a stack of bridge elements. These bridge elements are hinged together by means of connecting arms. Two successive bridge elements of the stack, that is to say two bridge elements intended to be put end to end to form a portion of the bridge are thus connected by at least one pair of connecting arms. The link arms of this pair are parallel and mounted laterally to said bridge elements.
• the connecting arms of the same pair can be mounted on either side of the bridge elements or alternately on the same edge of these elements. These connecting arms can be connecting rods.
• the temporary bridge can be deployed in at least two ways. A first is to move one after another each bridge member of the stack from the top end of the latter to place the bridge elements end to end to form the bridge. Another is, on the contrary, to move in a stack of n bridge elements, the penultimate bridge element of this stack by relative to the last bridge element of the stack, that is to say the one closest to the ground, to put end to end these bridge elements by coupling them.
• the (n-2) other bridge elements that are placed above the penultimate bridge element are, of course, displaced therewith. Then, this operation is repeated for the (n-2) th bridge element with respect to the assembly of bridge elements thus obtained, and so on until the temporary bridge is fully deployed.
• the displacement of a bridge element with respect to an immediately lower bridge element in the stack results in the combination of these bridge elements by at least one pair of link arms, a circular translation of said upper bridge member.
• the ends of the arms are rotatably mounted on the bridge elements.
• the pair of link arms being placed on one and the same edge of the two successive bridge elements which it connects, these arms form with these bridge elements a regular deformable parallelogram in a vertical plane during the displacement of the upper bridge element of the bridge. the undeployed position in its deployed position where it is placed end to end with the bridge element which was placed immediately below it in the stack.
• rolling track is meant here the external surface of the temporary bridge on which pedestrians, vehicles and other mobile equipment are intended to circulate.
• these elements are structurally able to support these vehicles and / or pedestrians.
• Such bridge elements are then constituted, for illustrative purposes, a lattice structure or a parallel beam assembly, these beams being spaced from each other regularly or not.
• said coupling faces are inclined faces, the inclination of the coupling faces of the same bridge element being different so that said bridge elements being deployed and coupled form an arch.
• each bridge element comprises at least one stop placed on at least one of its lateral edges to block the displacement of said link arm when the coupling face of said bridge element is placed opposite the face of coupling of another bridge element, the bridge element intended to constitute the lower end of the stack formed by said superimposed bridge elements comprises means for anchoring to the ground,
• the bridge can still be unloaded from its transport vehicle by a machine having lifting means.
• This elevator can be a telescopic mast carriage, this mast can be controlled in direction and inclination for example by means of a lifting jack connected to the telescopic arm.
• the machine comprising the lifting means then ensures the counterweight during the deployment of the temporary bridge.
• This machine is advantageously an all-terrain vehicle. It can be further embarked at the rear of the chassis of the transport vehicle of the temporary bridge.
• the bridge can thus be brought closer to its place of deployment by a truck, for example, and the machine comprising the lifting means brings said temporary bridge over its deployment area and provides the necessary counterweight during the deployment of the latter.
• the counterweight may also be provided by the transport vehicle used to carry the temporary bridge or by filling a liquid ballast tank by means of a pumping unit when the bridge is intended to allow the crossing of a gap comprising a water zone.
• the counterweight can also be provided by the bridge element forming the lower end of the stack constituted by said superimposed bridge elements in the unexpanded position of the temporary bridge, this bridge element having the necessary weight to serve as counterweight when deploying the bridge.
• the bridge element located at the upper end of the stack formed by the temporary bridge in its undeployed position may include a nosepiece comprising a ground anchor element at its end.
• This bridge element which is the one intended to bear on the opposite edge of the gap to be crossed, when the temporary bridge is placed on it, comprises a housing for receiving the front-beak.
• the nose-piece can be moved in translation partially out of this housing to form a projection in front of the temporary bridge.
• the displacement of the nose-piece between a first rest position where the nose-piece is received in its seat and a working position where it is partially out of its seat to form said projection at the front of the temporary bridge may be controlled manually or by hydraulic or pneumatic actuation.
• the displacement of the nose-piece can thus be obtained by at least one hydraulic, pneumatic, electrical cylinder connected at one of its ends to the body of the bridge element and at its other end to the nose-piece, this jack being placed inside the bridge element
• the nose-piece may also include a hollow section for receiving the cylinder rod.
• the cylinder can also be a telescopic jack thus ensuring a small footprint.
• the displacement of the nose-piece can still be controlled by a rack system.
• this system may comprise an electric or hydraulic motor driving in rotation a toothed wheel mounted in the housing of the nose-piece, this wheel being intended to cooperate with notches placed on the body of the nose-piece, for example on the beam, to drive the latter in translation.
• it may still be a belt drive system, chains or cables, this system then comprising pulleys and one or more motors.
• the wheel intended to cooperate with the notches is a freewheel.
• the nose is, for example, a rigid beam at the end of which is secured to the anchoring element on the ground.
• the anchoring element on the ground may comprise tips arranged radially on the surface of at least one half-cylinder. These tips may also be rectilinear and / or slightly curved to ensure the front-end a firm grip on the ground.
• the front nose is not necessarily fully received in its housing in its rest position. Only the beam can be inserted into the housing, the anchoring element projecting from the bridge element.
• the bridge element receiving the nose-piece may comprise guide members for guiding the translational movement of the forebear towards and out of its housing.
• a guide member may for example consist of a pair of plates placed vis-à-vis being spaced apart from each other to allow the passage between them of the nose. These plates being placed at the entrance of the housing of the nose, they can also ensure the recovery of efforts when the nose is out. These plates can be made of PTFE or in a self-lubricating material. It is also possible to implement these guide members so that the longitudinal axis of the nose is inclined relative to the longitudinal axis of the temporary bridge in its deployed position. This mode of implementation makes it easy to check the contact of the anchoring element with the ground. In order to launch the temporary bridge, the vertical stack of bridge elements is placed first on one edge of the breach to be crossed.
• the bridge elements and the nose-piece are then deployed so that the temporary bridge thus formed is placed partly above said gap and is connected to the opposite edge of this gap only through the nose-piece. Then, the temporary bridge is raised so that the bridge is supported on the ground exclusively by the nose. For this purpose, it is possible, for example, to lift the temporary bridge on the side opposite the nose-nose with lifting means that can be placed on the transport vehicle used to convey the temporary bridge.
• the bridge elements are then moved in translation towards said opposite edge of the breach to be breached so as to return to its housing at the fore-nose, at least the end bridge element of the temporary bridge being then placed at above the ground surface of the opposite edge of the gap.
• the anchoring element on the ground allows the nose to not slide on the ground of the opposite edge which could lead to a risk of blockage on an obstacle (stone, mud, ).
• the displacement of the bridge elements can be obtained by moving the lifting means towards the edge of the gap, for example by moving the transport vehicle.
• This method of laying a temporary bridge is reversible, that is to say that it can also be implemented to recover a temporary bridge launched over a gap.
• the temporary bridge bearing on the opposite bank by a bridge element it is first ensured that the anchoring element on the ground is projecting from the temporary bridge.
• the previously described method is used with the difference, however, that instead of retracting the nose-piece into its housing to bring the end bridge element over the opposite bank, the nose-piece is out of this housing to place the end bridge element over the void.
• This method of laying / removing a temporary bridge simple in its implementation, advantageously makes it possible not to have to dismantle the nose-piece, once the launch of the bridge made. Indeed, it is inserted in his home. This method also does not require access to the opposite edge of the gap to launch the bridge.
• said temporary bridge having a reported track, said track is a flexible track and said deck comprises fastening elements for securing this flexible track to said bridge elements,
• said reported rolling track may comprise metal plates hinged together.
• the raceway comprises a plurality of track sections, each of these sections being secured to a bridge element, - the raceway is integral and removable, the flexible raceway comprises at least one woven structure,
• This raceway may also comprise an auxiliary woven structure comprising a sheet of warp yarns and a sheet of weft yarns, said woven structure being superimposed on said auxiliary woven structure and the connection between the two woven structures being made so as to constitute between the two structures from place to place, tubular pockets oriented according to the warp son or the weft son.
• these pockets when these pockets are oriented in the direction of the length of the bridge, they can serve as receiving housing of reported elements for various purposes. In particular, it is possible to pass one or more cables for supplying electrical energy to the means ensuring the relative displacement of the bridge elements. It is still possible to run communication or power cables for temporary bridge lighting.
• These pockets can also receive metal reinforcing bars or composite material. When these pockets are equipped with transverse reinforcement bars, the ends of these bars may form projections intended to cooperate with guide rail elements arranged on the bridge elements. The ends of these bars can thus slide in rails having a C-shaped or U-shaped section, which not only makes it possible to guide the running track along said bridge element but also allows it to be secured to that -this.
• the tread may comprise an upper face having the surface relief necessary for a good adhesion of the vehicles circulating on its surface such as the woven structure described by the present applicant in the patent application WO 95/26435 and a flat lower face ensuring the sliding of the raceway on the bridge elements.
• This lower face may be constituted by said auxiliary woven structure.
• This lower face may also include fixing elements necessary for securing said raceway to the bridge elements.
• this lower face may comprise eyelets intended to receive projections placed on the surface of the bridge elements. These projections may be lugs having at their upper end a stop, the lugs then being forced into the eyelets. These eyelets are preferably placed in the right pockets formed by the connection of the auxiliary structure and the woven structure to form housing capable of receiving said projections.
• each bridge element comprises on at least one of its lateral edges a guide rail element, these rail elements cooperating with each other to define a guide rail when the bridge elements are placed end to end to guide the movement of said track along said bridge,
• the displacement members comprise at least one actuator pivotally mounted, the end of this actuator being connected to one of the connecting arms so as to move a bridge element relative to another between a first non-deployed position where said bridge elements are superimposed and a second so-called extended position where the coupling faces of said bridge elements are placed vis-à-vis for their coupling
• this actuator is a hydraulic, electromagnetic or electrical cylinder
• the rotation of the connecting arms can still be provided by motors or a crank via a screw system without nut or worm.
• the actuator being an electric jack
• the bridge comprises an independent power source for supplying these electric actuators
• At least one of said bridge elements comprises at least one projection, said projection being placed in front of said bridge element below its coupling face and being intended to come supporting the bridge element fitted end-to-end with said bridge element,
• control unit for individually controlling the displacement of the bridge elements, said control unit comprising a transceiver for receiving remote control commands,
• each bridge element can be fixed in width or have an adjustable width. It may indeed be interesting to maintain reduced dimensions to these bridge elements for storage and transport, while having a large track width.
• each bridge element may comprise a beam assembly comprising a fixed central beam connected to side beams by a system for adjusting the spacing between the central beam and these lateral beams.
• this adjustment system may comprise jacks connected at their ends to said beams and placed therebetween. These cylinders are for example hydraulic cylinders.
• each of these track sections comprises at least two parts at least partially superimposed and capable of sliding relative to one another. to the other to fit the width variations of the bridge element.
• Each of these parts is, for example, made integral with a lateral beam. The displacement of this lateral beam with respect to the central beam causes a corresponding sliding of the section portion of the track.
• the invention also relates to a temporary bridge with multiple tracks.
• this bridge comprises at least two temporary bridges as described above, these bridges being preferably placed in parallel and contiguous to each other.
• one of the temporary bridges can serve as a counterweight during the deployment of the first bridge and the latter being deployed, the deployment of another bridge can be made by relying on the first bridge does not require and external counterweight.
• the invention relates to a laying machine equipped with a temporary bridge as described above.
• This laying machine preferably comprises a plate for receiving the superposed bridge elements when it is in the non-deployed position and a storage area of the raceway.
• the storage area may include a unwinder to ensure the unwinding variable speed of said woven structure.
• FIG. 1 shows schematically a temporary bridge being deployed according to a particular embodiment of the invention
• FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of the temporary bridge of Figure 1 after deployment of a portion thereof;
• FIG. 3 is a schematic representation of the temporary bridge of FIG. 1 deployed, the reported rolling track having been omitted for the sake of clarity;
• Figure 1 shows a temporary bridge in the non-deployed position according to a first embodiment. It comprises four bridge elements 1-4 which are superposed thus forming a vertical stack and articulated with respect to each other.
• bridge elements 1-4 are advantageously removably connected to each other to allow the length of this bridge to be varied and to be adapted to the gap to be crossed.
• Each bridge element is connected to a single 1, 4 for those intended to form the ends of the bridge, or two other bridge elements 2, 3 by two pairs of link arms each mounted on either side of these elements.
• bridge 1-4 that they connect (only one being represented for the sake of clarity).
• Each of these pairs of arms comprises two parallel arms 6, 7 mounted laterally on these bridge elements 1-4, their ends being rotatable to allow relative movement of the bridge elements 1-4.
• These arms describe the shape of a deformable parallelogram when a bridge member is in motion relative to the bridge member with which it is articulated.
• Each bridge element 1-4 thus has at its ends a coupling face 8 adapted to cooperate with the coupling face 9 of another bridge element so as to assemble these bridge elements when they are put end at the end.
• These coupling faces 8, 9 have a bevel profile but may have any other shape to block the mating faces 8, 9 when they are put end to end.
• These faces 8, 9 here also have a slope of equal value of a pair of bridge elements to another, but these slopes may also be different so as to form a curvature between two bridge elements 1-4. This curvature may in particular be progressive to form an arch. This latter geometry provides better mechanical strength of the temporary bridge by a recovery efforts and it can allow to overcome obstacles such as a pipe or other.
• Each bridge element 1-4 may further comprise mechanical locking members for locking the coupling faces 8, 9 in the coupled position.
• These locking members are for example spring.
• each bridge element 1-4 advantageously comprises at least one stop placed on each of its lateral edges to block the movement of at least one of the connecting arms 6, 7 when the coupling face 8 of said bridge element 3 is placed in facing relation with the coupling face 9 of another bridge element 4 and thus has finished its authorized movement (Fig. 1).
• the bridge comprises displacement members of each of the bridge elements 1-3 which is superimposed on another bridge element 2-4 in a first position, said not deployed.
• the stack formed by the three bridge elements 1-3 placed on the last bridge element is first displaced.
• the displacement members comprise an actuator 10 pivotally and laterally mounted on each bridge element 2-4 for supporting a bridge element 1-3 in the first so-called unexpanded position.
• the end of this actuator 10 is connected to the foremost connecting arm of said bridge element 1-4 so that a linear displacement of the end of this actuator 10 causes a rotational movement of the superposed bridge element or elements. to bring the coupling faces 8, 9 facing each other.
• This actuator 10 is for example a hydraulic cylinder, electromagnetic or electric. Since this actuator 10 is a hydraulic cylinder, the bridge comprises a fluid reservoir, a hydraulic pump and a fluid distribution circuit comprising sections of pipe capable of adapting to the movement of the bridge elements 1-4 relative to each other. other. Each of these sections may, for example, comprise two portions of rigid pipes interconnected by a section of flexible pipe placed at a joint such as a pivot point of a connecting rod.
• the bridge comprises a control and control unit for individually controlling the displacement of the bridge elements 1 -4, this control unit comprising a transceiver for receiving remote control commands.
• the bridge having its own power source and being autonomous, can be advantageously positioned near the gap 5 to be crossed to be deployed at a distance, which avoids exposing a possible engineering crew in conflict areas.
• This control and control unit may further comprise electronic means for shifting the displacement of each of said elements in time so that said bridge elements are deployed and successively placed end to end.
• These electronic means may comprise a retarder. Alternatively, these bridge elements can be deployed simultaneously.
• the control and control unit may also include sensors verifying the correct positioning of the bridge elements 1 -4 relative to each other.
• the bridge elements 1 -4 each comprise two projections 11, 12 respectively placed forward of said bridge element below its coupling face 8 and back above its other coupling face. 9. These projections 11, 12 are intended to support the bridge element or elements 1-4 placed end to end with this bridge element 1-4. These projections 11, 12 are for example made of a rectangular plate.
• the bridge element 4 intended to constitute the lower end of the stack formed by said bridge elements 1-4 superimposed in said first position advantageously comprises ground anchoring means (not shown).
• the temporary bridge has a reported raceway (not shown) which is a flexible raceway and fasteners for securing the flexible track to the bridge elements 1-4.
• This rolling track advantageously has a longitudinal dimension greater than the length of the bridge once deployed so as to cover an adjacent ground zone 13, 14 to said bridge.
• This rolling track is, for example, a woven structure which is formed of warp son arranged in a single layer and weft son also arranged in a single layer, the weave of said woven structure being such that each warp intersects with the following weft threads, preferably and very approximately, half of the intersections of the rows and columns of the armor, the warp thread being left in the remaining intersections, so that for each warp thread, obtain at least one zone of simple and tight armor followed by a zone of floats, the alternation of the various aforesaid zones causing tightening of the weft threads creating an important relief of the fabric thus produced.
• preferably and very approximately is meant an equality of takings and leashs of each warp which is not absolute but which on the contrary can deviate from 10 to 15% for example, or even more, it being understood that the further we go from strict equality, the more the profession will require adjustments.
• the weft threads advantageously have a diameter of the order of 50 to 200 hundredths of a millimeter and the warp threads preferably have a diameter smaller than that of the weft threads.
• the bridge members 1-4 comprise beams 15 assembled in parallel spaced apart. These beams 15 are made of a hard material selected from the group consisting of steel, titanium, an aluminum alloy or a composite material. These beams 15 may have a rectangular or I-shaped section with a flat surface at each end to support the raceway. These beams 15 may further be connected by a bottom 16 which can be pierced for the evacuation of water.
• the gap between these beams 15 defines a pipe element capable of receiving a traction element of the raceway when it is unwound after deployment or as the deployment of the bridge.
• the bridge may therefore include an engine for unwinding or winding this track.
• Each bridge element 1-4 comprises at one end, at least one return member capable of receiving said traction element. This return member may be a pulley.
• the first and the last of these bridge elements 1, 4 forming the bridge in the deployed position advantageously comprise at their free end an access ramp to said bridge.
• This ramp can be mounted in an articulated manner to adapt the ramp to the devices or pedestrians brought to move on the surface of the temporary bridge.
• the bridge elements 1-4 being identical or not, they have a longitudinal dimension of between about 2 m and 6 m +/- 10% and a width between about 1, 5 and 3 m +/- 10%.
• their length being 6 m and their width of 2 m approximately, a rolling track having a width of 3.4 m +/- 10% is obtained by joining two temporary bridges placed in parallel.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Architecture (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Bridges Or Land Bridges (AREA)

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• 2006
  • 2006-05-31 FR FR0651976A patent/FR2901817B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2007
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  • 2007-05-31 US US12/302,528 patent/US8955184B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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