Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
  • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
  • C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
  • C21C7/10—Handling in a vacuum
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
  • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
  • C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
  • C21C5/52—Manufacture of steel in electric furnaces
  • C21C5/5264—Manufacture of alloyed steels including ferro-alloys
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
  • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
  • C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
  • C21C5/52—Manufacture of steel in electric furnaces
  • C21C5/5294—General arrangement or layout of the electric melt shop
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
  • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
  • B21B1/00—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
  • B21B1/22—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling plates, strips, bands or sheets of indefinite length
  • B21B1/24—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling plates, strips, bands or sheets of indefinite length in a continuous or semi-continuous process
  • B21B1/26—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling plates, strips, bands or sheets of indefinite length in a continuous or semi-continuous process by hot-rolling, e.g. Steckel hot mill
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
  • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
  • B21B1/00—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
  • B21B1/46—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling metal immediately subsequent to continuous casting
  • B21B1/466—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling metal immediately subsequent to continuous casting in a non-continuous process, i.e. the cast being cut before rolling
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
  • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
  • B21B2201/00—Special rolling modes
  • B21B2201/14—Soft reduction
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
  • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
  • B21B3/00—Rolling materials of special alloys so far as the composition of the alloy requires or permits special rolling methods or sequences ; Rolling of aluminium, copper, zinc or other non-ferrous metals
  • B21B3/02—Rolling special iron alloys, e.g. stainless steel
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
  • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
  • B21B37/00—Control devices or methods specially adapted for metal-rolling mills or the work produced thereby
  • B21B37/74—Temperature control, e.g. by cooling or heating the rolls or the product
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
  • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
  • B21B37/00—Control devices or methods specially adapted for metal-rolling mills or the work produced thereby
  • B21B37/74—Temperature control, e.g. by cooling or heating the rolls or the product
  • B21B37/76—Cooling control on the run-out table
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
  • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
  • B21B45/00—Devices for surface or other treatment of work, specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, metal-rolling mills
  • B21B45/004—Heating the product
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
  • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
  • B21B45/00—Devices for surface or other treatment of work, specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, metal-rolling mills
  • B21B45/04—Devices for surface or other treatment of work, specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, metal-rolling mills for de-scaling, e.g. by brushing
  • B21B45/08—Devices for surface or other treatment of work, specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, metal-rolling mills for de-scaling, e.g. by brushing hydraulically
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
  • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
  • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
  • C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
  • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
  • Y02P10/20—Recycling
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T29/00—Metal working
  • Y10T29/51—Plural diverse manufacturing apparatus including means for metal shaping or assembling
  • Y10T29/5184—Casting and working

Definitions

• the invention relates to a method and a plant for producing steel products with the best surface quality, in particular with extremely low carbon contents (ULC or IF steel), nitrogen contents, total oxygen contents, high-strength and / or stainless steel grades, in each case by melting, treating in a secondary metallurgy , Continuous casting in slab format, rolling, cooling and, as a rule, winding up the rolling stock.
• extremely low carbon contents ULC or IF steel
• nitrogen contents total oxygen contents
• high-strength high-strength and / or stainless steel grades
• Such steel products from the various steel grades have hitherto been produced by melting in the converter, by treatment in secondary metallurgy with vacuum degassing and by casting off as thick slabs in a continuous casting machine and rolled in roughing and finishing mills.
• Manufacturing in other process routes such as the electric arc furnace process based on scrap, was not considered possible because then the extremely low content of elements, such as C, N, S, O_, ⁇ O>, and qua - Impurity-reducing trace elements, such as Cu and Zn, cannot be achieved or can only be achieved under difficult conditions.
• These process routes do not allow for the best surface quality. For example, it lacks the required geometric, physical and constitutional product properties of ULC and IF hot strip as a necessary prerequisite for effective microstructure control and targeted adjustment of the product properties.
• the invention is based on the object of producing the mentioned and other steel grades by means of new process routes in order to achieve the required extremely low contents of C, N, S, O, ⁇ O> and the quality-reducing trace elements.
• elements such as Cu and Zn, for steel products with the best surface quality.
• the liquid steel is generated from a process route selected according to the desired final structure on the basis of an electric arc furnace, in order to then cast it in the continuous casting mold into a thin slab, descaled, partially deformed, in partial lengths cut, usually descaled, heated to a rolling temperature and equalized in a compensating furnace, usually descaled and rolled in a finishing mill, in a first reel station immediately following the last finishing stand or alternatively wrapped behind a cooling section and the final structure in one
• the cooling section is set in accordance with the desired steel grade by cooling on an outfeed roller table and the rolling stock is generally wound up in a second reel station.
• Such steel products which can be more precisely influenced in the final structure, can be produced in different process routes after further steps.
• successive treatment steps be used as a first process route
• the advantages consist in the final structure of the above-mentioned ULC, IF, high-strength and stainless steel grades, which after vacuum treatment have values for C ⁇ 20-30 ppm, for O ⁇ 3 ppm, and for ⁇ O> ⁇ 15 ppm for N 20 - 30 ppm and for S values of ⁇ 100 ppm with which the steel is poured off in the continuous casting machine.
• C 400 - 600 ppm, S ⁇ 150 ppm, N ⁇ 35 ppm and oxygen-free ⁇ 600 ppm before the vacuum treatment. After the degassing treatment, these values drop to C ⁇ 15 ppm, S ⁇ 150 ppm, N ⁇ 35 ppm and O ⁇ 3ppm.
• the advantages are moderate foam formation during slag formation (100% DRJ required), slag-free tapping, the possible slag additives and a pre-reduction by FeMnHC.
• the molten steel in the electric arc furnace reaches the following values: C 500-800 ppm; O 500-700 ppm; N 60-100 ppm; S 160-300 ppm.
• the steel is cast in the following CSP continuous casting machine with the following values: C ⁇ 50 ppm;
• One embodiment provides that descaling is carried out directly under the continuous casting mold. This step serves to prepare the guarantee of the highest surface quality by controlling the scaling processes in the continuous casting machine, whereby special methods of descaling can be used.
• Another step in this direction is that controlled scaling is carried out in the compensating furnace by a controlled atmosphere.
• the further feature contributes to this by inductively heating the strand lengths behind the compensating furnace. This enables the heating to be transferred specifically and evenly and very quickly to the partial length of the strand. The most favorable temperature level is then achieved in that the strand lengths are cooled in a controlled manner in front of the first finishing stand of the finishing mill.
• the final structure can be determined in a targeted manner by controlled cooling of the strand material wound on the second reel station.
• Another improvement is that, as an electric arc furnace system, two furnace vessels are operated alternately with a swiveled electrode device and counter-swung top blowing lance and are operated with pig iron, directly reduced feedstocks, scrap and partly with electrical energy and / or chemical energy (so-called process of the CONARC brand).
• the process can be carried out in such a way that steels with a multi-phase structure (dual-phase steel or trip steel) are produced.
• the plant for producing steel products with the best surface quality is based on a state of the art with at least one melting plant, a secondary metallurgy, a continuous casting machine for slab strands, a rolling mill, an outfeed roller table and a reel station.
• the melting system consists of an electric arc furnace system with secondary metallurgy downstream in the material flow, that the continuous casting machine is provided with a continuous casting mold in thin slab format and that at least one descaling device, a pair of scissors, is incorporated in the material flow Compensating furnace, a finishing mill, at least one upstream of a reel station or downstream discharge roller table with a cooling section are provided.
• a feature that is particularly aimed at the highest surface quality of the finished steel product is that a descaling device is provided in the continuous casting machine immediately below the continuous casting mold.
• the quality of the surface of the steel product can also be ensured in that, in addition to a descaling device behind the continuous casting mold and behind the scissors, a further descaling device is provided in front of the first rolling stand of the finishing mill.
• a further embodiment is given in that a liquid-core reduction section or a soft reduction section is arranged in front of the scissors in the support roller stand of the continuous casting machine.
• the continuous casting mold is formed from a funnel continuous casting mold.
• the advantageous heating of the rolling stock takes place after a further improvement in that an induction heating device is provided in the material flow between the compensating furnace and the first rolling stand of the finishing mill or the descaling device.
• cooling section is formed from a laminar cooling section in combination with several intensive cooling boxes.
• Fig. 4 is a time-temperature conversion diagram for after the last
• Rolling stand of the finishing mill cooling structures obtained by cooling the rolling stock (austenitic, soft pearlite, bainite and martensite) and
• Fig. 5 is a strength / elongation diagram for multi-phase steel grades
• the steel product 1 can be produced as a hot strip for further processing (for example automotive outer skin sheets, sheets for welded tubes and the like).
• the melting 2 of liquid steel 1b takes place in a melting plant 2a, which is not formed by a steelworks converter, but by an electric arc furnace 2b.
• the tapped steel then passes through a secondary metallurgy 3, a continuous casting process 4 with a continuous casting machine 4a.
• the slab format 5 cast there does not consist of a thick slab, but instead of a thin slab 5a with usual thicknesses of ⁇ 100 mm.
• This is followed by rolling 6 in a finishing mill 6a.
• the rolling stock 1a in the form of continuous stock 1c (sheet metal, strip, long products and the like), is cooled in a controlled manner on an outfeed roller table 22.
• the cooling 7 takes place according to the essential criteria to be described.
• the extrudate 1c is usually, with a few exceptions, wound by winding 8 with a final structure 9 on reel stations.
• the melting plant 2a in each case consists of the electric arc furnace 2b, which can also be formed in the sense of the CONARC brand from a two-vessel electric arc furnace system 35.
• the desired extremely low carbon contents (ULC steel - steel with extremely low carbon content) or steel with controlled precipitations (IF steel - steel without interstitially dissolved foreign atoms in the mixed crystal), high-strength and / or stainless Steel, prepared.
• the liquid steel 1b is cast in the continuous casting machine 4a by means of a continuous casting mold 14 in thin slab format 5a.
• a continuous casting mold 14 in thin slab format 5a.
• a compensating furnace 16 an additional compensating furnace 16a
• the finishing mill 6a at least one run-out roller table 22 connected upstream or downstream of a first coiler station 20 are included a cooling section 21 is provided.
• a first descaling device 28a which is based on water jets, is provided for the descaling 28 immediately below the continuous casting mold 14.
• a further descaling device 28a is arranged in front of the first roll stand 17 of the finishing mill 6a.
• a controlled temperature control with oxidation protection 37 is provided in the equalization furnace 16 (possibly in FIG. 16 a).
• a liquid core reduction section 40 or a soft reduction section 41 can be used.
• the continuous casting mold 14 can be formed from a funnel continuous casting mold, as is usually provided in CSP systems.
• An induction heating device 42 can be used in the material flow 36 between the equalizing furnace 16 and the first finishing stand 17, which is followed by a plurality of finishing stands 18 and a last finishing stand 19, or the descaling device 28a.
• the cooling section 21 can also be designed from a laminar cooling section 21a in combination with a plurality of intensive cooling boxes 21b.
• the method for producing steel products 1 assumes that the liquid steel 1b is pretreated via alternative process routes 10, 11, 12 or 13, cast in the continuous casting mold 14 to form a thin slab 5a, then descaled, if necessary partially deformed, cut into strand lengths 15, subjected to descaling 28 several times, heated to rolling temperature and evened out in at least one compensating furnace 16 (or an additional compensating furnace 16a), generally descaled (with a few exceptions) and rolled in finishing train 6a , in a first reel station 20 immediately following the last finishing roll stand 19 or alternatively behind the cooling section 21 and the final structure 9 in the cooling section 21 is adjusted according to the desired steel quality by cooling on the outlet roller table 22 and the rolling stock 1a in a second reeling station 23 in usually wound up.
• the first process route 10 (FIG. 2A) provides feedstocks made of DRI / HBI (pellets or briquettes made of directly reduced iron) or scrap in the electric arc furnace 2b with the lowest sulfur input content.
• DRI / HBI pellet or briquettes made of directly reduced iron
• scrap in the electric arc furnace 2b with the lowest sulfur input content.
• C and nitrogen are reduced to the lowest values.
• the temperature is increased by • T in the ladle furnace 25 and the degree of purity is adjusted by reducing the ⁇ AI> content.
• the second process route 11 (FIG. 2A) is based on the use of DRI / HBI, scrap, liquid pig iron or pig iron pellets, each with a low sulfur content, in an electric furnace system 35.
• the electric arc furnace system 35 can consist both of an electric arc furnace 2b and of such a system 35 for the process under the CONARC brand.
• the next treatment step 24 takes place in the ladle furnace 25 with an increase in temperature.
• decarburization, desulfurization, denitrification and an increase in the degree of purity take place in the vacuum degassing device 27 by reducing the ⁇ AI> content to low values.
• the third process route 12 (FIG. 2B) provides for batching of DRI / HBI, scrap, liquid pig iron or pig iron masses, each with low sulfur input levels, in an electric arc furnace system 35 or in an electric arc furnace 2b.
• a differential pressure vacuum degassing 43 is provided, in which the degradation to the lowest values of carbon C, sulfur S, nitrogen N and an increase in the degree of purity are achieved Degradation of the AI ⁇ 3 substances (• ⁇ AI>) is carried out.
• the fourth process route 13 (FIG. 2B) provides for charging in an electric arc furnace system 35 or in a single electric arc furnace 2b, each with a low sulfur input content of DRI / HBI, scrap, liquid pig iron or pig iron pellets. Subsequently, in the Most treatment step 24 in the ladle furnace 25 a temperature increase • T and immediately afterwards in the vacuum degassing device 27 a partial amount degassing 27a, the degradation taking place to the lowest values of carbon C and nitrogen N. In the last treatment step 24, pan degassing is carried out in the vacuum degassing device 27 to break down to low values of sulfur S and an increase in the degree of purity is achieved by breaking down Al 2 O 3 (• ⁇ AI>).
• the choice of the cheapest or desired process route 10, 11, 12 or 13 is based on economic considerations with regard to the cost of the feed material and the quality of the end product, whereby the casting of thick or thin slabs and the energies to be used or the required plant investments must be taken into account ,
• the descaling 28 is carried out under the continuous casting mold 14.
• a controlled scaling 29 is carried out in the compensating furnace 16 by a controlled atmosphere.
• the partial strand lengths 15 can be inductively heated behind the equalizing furnace 16.
• additional compensation heating can be used in a further compensation furnace 16a.
• the strand partial lengths 15 are further inductively heated in the induction heating device 42 behind the compensating furnace 16.
• the ladle furnace 25 works with an electrode device 31 and / or with a top blowing lance 32.
• the strand lengths 15 can be cooled in a controlled manner.
• each between the finishing stands 17, 18, 19 Intensive coolers 21b may be arranged.
• An edger 44 can be arranged in front of the first finishing stand 17.
• the wound extrudate 1c is cooled in a controlled manner on the second reel station 23.
• the multi-phase structure is set in the cooling section 21 or on the reel 23.
• the cooling curve of the solid material behind the last roll stand 19 while the rolling stock 1a is being wound up on the second reel station 23 runs through the conversion point AC3.
• the resulting end structure 9 can appear austenitic, pearlitic soft, as bainite or martensite. The final structure 9 is thus generated during the rolling and cooling.
• Fig. 5 is a graph of strength (N / mm 2) versus extension (I / 1 0) for multi-phase steel, such as, dual-phase steel and TRIP steel 33 34 shown.
• the lower curve shows a normal behavior of the steel with high strength and low elongation.
• Coiler station a controlled cooling device for coils
• Vacuum degassing device a partial degassing
• Furnace vessel (converter or electric arc furnace)

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• 2003
  • 2003-06-07 DE DE10325955A patent/DE10325955A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 2004
  • 2004-05-14 TW TW093113645A patent/TW200516154A/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2004-05-25 WO PCT/EP2004/005580 patent/WO2004108971A2/de active Application Filing
  • 2004-05-25 CN CNA2004800158217A patent/CN1820084A/zh active Pending
  • 2004-05-25 RU RU2005141563/02A patent/RU2351658C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2004-05-25 EP EP04739328A patent/EP1631691A2/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2004-05-25 US US10/559,802 patent/US7998237B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2004-06-03 MY MYPI20042157A patent/MY146928A/en unknown
• 2009
  • 2009-02-13 US US12/378,305 patent/US8021599B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related

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