EP1458475A2 - Optisch aktive trägermaterialien, herstellungsverfahren dafür und verwendung davon - Google Patents

Optisch aktive trägermaterialien, herstellungsverfahren dafür und verwendung davon

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Publication number
EP1458475A2
EP1458475A2 EP02805798A EP02805798A EP1458475A2 EP 1458475 A2 EP1458475 A2 EP 1458475A2 EP 02805798 A EP02805798 A EP 02805798A EP 02805798 A EP02805798 A EP 02805798A EP 1458475 A2 EP1458475 A2 EP 1458475A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
poly
optically active
support material
material according
ethylene
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP02805798A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Raphael Duval
Hubert Leveque
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nouryon Pulp and Performance Chemicals AB
Original Assignee
Eka Chemicals AB
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Eka Chemicals AB filed Critical Eka Chemicals AB
Publication of EP1458475A2 publication Critical patent/EP1458475A2/de
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D15/00Separating processes involving the treatment of liquids with solid sorbents; Apparatus therefor
    • B01D15/08Selective adsorption, e.g. chromatography
    • B01D15/26Selective adsorption, e.g. chromatography characterised by the separation mechanism
    • B01D15/38Selective adsorption, e.g. chromatography characterised by the separation mechanism involving specific interaction not covered by one or more of groups B01D15/265 - B01D15/36
    • B01D15/3833Chiral chromatography
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D15/00Separating processes involving the treatment of liquids with solid sorbents; Apparatus therefor
    • B01D15/08Selective adsorption, e.g. chromatography
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B01J20/02Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
    • B01J20/04Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising compounds of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals or magnesium
    • B01J20/041Oxides or hydroxides
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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    • B01J20/06Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising oxides or hydroxides of metals not provided for in group B01J20/04
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B01J20/10Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising silica or silicate
    • B01J20/14Diatomaceous earth
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    • B01J20/28054Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
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    • B01J20/3257Non-macromolecular compounds having a well defined chemical structure the functional group or the linking, spacer or anchoring group as a whole comprising at least one of the heteroatoms nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur together with at least one silicon atom, these atoms not being part of the carrier as such
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Definitions

  • optically active support materials constituted by one or more esters and / or one or more carbamates and / or one or more mixed ester and carbamate compounds of polysaccharide or oligosaccharide, and an organic support and / or mineral.
  • the invention also relates to their preparation process and their uses for the optical enrichment of chiral molecules, and more particularly for the separation of enantiomers by liquid, supercritical, gas or gas / liquid chromatography.
  • the support materials of the invention When used in a chromatographic process, the support materials of the invention, also called enantioselective chromatographic support materials, constitute unichiral stationary phases, or “PSCs”, also called enantioselective, or optically active stationary phases, and the the technique used is then called chiral or enantioselective chromatography.
  • PSCs unichiral stationary phases
  • enantioselective chromatographic support materials constitute unichiral stationary phases, or “PSCs”, also called enantioselective, or optically active stationary phases, and the technique used is then called chiral or enantioselective chromatography.
  • Enantioselective chromatography has experienced considerable growth during the last twenty armies, both for analytical applications, but also for the preparation on an industrial scale, of unichiral or optically active pharmaceutical molecules of high enantiomeric purity.
  • ester and carbamate derivatives of polysaccharides although very broad in terms of chromatographic resolution of molecules of extremely varied chemical structures, is limited by the fact that said ester and carbamate derivatives of polysaccharides are physically deposited and / or linked by covalent bond to silica.
  • silica and more particularly silica gels, which are soluble in basic aqueous media and in the presence of fluoride ions.
  • EP957358 describes stationary chiral phases whose performance is improved by the presence of a remaining quantity of solvent for deposition on the solid support.
  • the Depositing Company has found, quite surprisingly and unexpectedly, that the chemical nature of the support on which a polysaccharide ester or carbamate derivative is placed in order to form an enantioselective chromatographic support material, or PSC, has a direct influence on the enantioselectivity factor of the PSC thus constituted.
  • ester derivative or more ester derivatives, or else from one or more carbamate derivatives, or alternatively from one or more mixed ester and carbamate derivatives d oligosaccharide or polysaccharide, to have a whole range of different PSCs, made from support materials of different chemical nature, and having a different enantioselectivity factor with respect to the same racemic molecule, or else d '' a same mixture of enantiomers to separate.
  • the invention therefore relates to an optically active support material constituted by one or more ester derivatives, and / or by one or more carbamate derivatives, and / or by one or more mixed ester and carbamate derivatives of polysaccharides or oligosaccharides, and by a solid support of organic and / or mineral origin, said solid support not being able to be chosen from the group comprising silica gel, alumina, magnesia, titanium oxide, glass, kaolin , silicates, chromium oxide, boron oxide, zirconia, clay, polyvinyl alcohols, carbon, polyamide, polystyrene, polyacrylate and polyacrylamide.
  • the solid support is of organic origin, it is an organic polymer chosen from the group comprising in particular poly (substituted styrenes), polyolefins, polyvinyl ethers, polyalkylvinyl ketones, polyalkynes, polyisocyanates, polyisonitriles, polyoxiranes, polythiiranes, polyaziridines, polyesters, polythioesters, polyurethanes, polyureas, polysulfonamides, phenol / fomaldehyde, polyacenaphthylene, poly (acrylamide-co-acrylic acid), poly- (acrylamide-co-diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride) resins ), poly- (2- acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid), poly- (2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1- propane sulfonic acid -co-acrylonitrile), poly (2-acrylamido-2 acid -methyl-l- sulfonic
  • polyacrylonitrile poly (acrylonitrile-co-butadiene), poly (acrylonitrile-co-butadiene-co-acrylic acid), poly (acrylonitrile-co-butadiene-co-styrene), poly (acrylonitrile-co-methacrylonitrile), poly (acrylonitrile-co-methylacrylate), poly- (acrylonitrile-co-vinylidenechloride-co-methylmethacrylate), poly (allylamine), poly (amide-imide), polyaniline, poly (aspartic acid), poly (azelaic anhydride), polyaziridine, poly (benzyl methacrylate), poly (bisphenol A carbonate), poly (bisphenol A-co-epichlorohydrin), poly (4-bromostyrene), poly (l-butene), poly (tert-butyl acrylate-co-ethylacrylate-co- methacrylic acid), poly (1,4-butylene
  • polymer is used interchangeably for polymers and copolymers.
  • the solid support is of organic and mineral origin, it can be chosen from all types of existing organic and mineral-based composite materials, such as, for example, silica / dextran or hydroxyapatite / agarose composites.
  • the solid support is of mineral origin, it is chosen from the group comprising magnesium silicate, zeolites, diatomaceous earths, phosphates such as calcium, zirconium, titanium, hafiiium, germanium phosphates , tin or lead, arsenates such as titanium, zirconium or tin arsenates, ceramics such as titanium oxide / magnesium oxide, alumina / silicon oxide, zirconia / silicon oxide, apatites like fiuoroapatite or hydroxyapatite.
  • magnesium silicate such as calcium, zirconium, titanium, hafiiium, germanium phosphates , tin or lead
  • arsenates such as titanium, zirconium or tin arsenates
  • ceramics such as titanium oxide / magnesium oxide, alumina / silicon oxide, zirconia / silicon oxide, apatites like fiuoroapatite or hydroxyapatite.
  • the supports whether of organic or mineral origin, or both of organic and mineral origin (composite) can be in the form of particles having a diameter of 1 ⁇ m to 10 mm and pores having a diameter from 1 to 4000 ⁇ .
  • ester or carbamate derivatives or the mixed ester and carbamate derivatives of polysaccharides and oligosaccharides used in the constitution of the optically active support material according to the invention have the following general formula: PS - (OZ) n (I)
  • PS represents a polysaccharide or an oligosaccharide having at least 6 sugar units
  • n varies from 12 to 30,000, each OZ group being able to represent independently of each other OH, -OC (O) -NH-R or -OC (O) - R, with R representing an alkyl, aryl, alkylaryl or arylalkyl group having 1 to 40 carbon atoms, optionally substituted by at least one heteroatom chosen from the group comprising in particular sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, chlorine, fluorine, bromine, iodine and silicon.
  • R is chosen from the group comprising phenyl, tolyl, 3,5-dimethylphenyl, 4-chlorophenyl, 3,5-dichlorophenyl and 4-tertio butylphenyl.
  • PS when in formula (I) PS represents a polysaccharide, it is chosen from the group comprising in particular cellulose, amylose, starch, chitosan, having an average degree of polymerization of 20 to 10,000 .
  • PS represents an oligosaccharide
  • this is preferably chosen from the group comprising ⁇ , ⁇ and ⁇ -cyclodextrins.
  • the optically active support material according to the invention comprises 2 to 70% by weight of the ester or carbamate derivative or of the mixed ester derivative and polysaccharide and oligosaccharide carbamate, and 30 to 98% by weight of said solid support.
  • the ester derivative (s), and / or the carbamate derivative (s), and / or the mixed ester and carbamate derivative (s) of polysaccharide or oligosaccharide are not linked by a covalent bond to the support d organic and / or mineral origin and are not chemically linked to each other, that is to say are not crosslinked.
  • the support of organic origin is one of the polymers mentioned above and can also be polyamide or a polyvinyl alcohol.
  • the support is of mineral origin, in this first embodiment, it is as described above and can also be chromium oxide, boron oxide, aluminum silicate, clay and carbon.
  • the enantioselective supports in accordance with this first embodiment are prepared by physical deposition of the ester or carbamate derivative or of the mixed ester and carbamate derivative of polysaccharide or oligosaccharide on the solid support of organic and / or mineral origin.
  • This physical deposition can be done in two different ways, namely: evaporation of a suspension, produced from the solid support and from a solution of said ester and / or carbamate derivative of polysaccharide or oligosaccharide, at ordinary pressure or under vacuum, at room temperature or by heating,
  • the invention also relates to a process for the preparation of the optically active support material in accordance with the first embodiment described above which presents the successive stages consisting in: dissolving a compound of formula (I) in a polar organic protic or aprotic solvent, adding to the solution obtained a solid support according to the invention and perfectly homogenize the suspension obtained, evaporate the solvent at ordinary pressure and / or under vacuum, at a temperature ranging from room temperature to approximately 100 ° C., or else gently add to the suspension obtained in the preceding step a non-solvent for the compound of formula (I), dry at room temperature or by heating, at ordinary pressure or under vacuum the optically active support material obtained.
  • the preferred organic solvents of the ester and / or carbamate derivatives of polysaccharide or oligosaccharide are tetrahydrofuran, 1,4-dioxane, pyridine, and the preferred non-solvents are heptane, hexane and alkanes in general , alcohol and water.
  • the compound of general formula (I) is dissolved preferably in a protic solvent, so as not to dissolve or excessively swell the part organic polymer, on the other hand, when the support is of mineral origin, the compound of formula (I) is dissolved either in a polar organic protic or aprotic solvent.
  • the ester derivative (s) and / or the carbamate derivative (s) and / or the mixed ester and carbamate derivative (s) of polysaccharide or oligosaccharide are linked by a covalent chemical bond to a support of organic and / or mineral origin, the solid support having optionally been chemically modified beforehand with a bifunctional agent.
  • the solid support is chemically modified beforehand if it does not contain groups capable of forming covalent bonds with the derivative ester or carbamate or the mixed ester and carbamate derivative of polysaccharide or oligosaccharide.
  • the support of organic origin is one of the polymers mentioned above and can also be polyamide or a polyvinyl alcohol.
  • the support is of mineral origin, in this second embodiment, it is as described above and can also be clay or carbon.
  • the enantioselective supports in accordance with this second embodiment are prepared using a method as described above which further comprises, before or after the drying step, a reaction step consisting in creating a covalent bond between the solid support and the ester and / or carbamate derivative or the mixed ester and carbamate derivative, as described in "Journal of Chromatography A, 839, 15-21, 1999".
  • ester derivative (s) and / or the carbamate derivative (s) and / or the mixed ester and carbamate derivative (s) of polysaccharide or the oligosaccharide are not linked by a covalent bond to the original support organic and / or mineral but are chemically linked to each other, that is to say are crosslinked.
  • the support of organic origin is one of the polymers mentioned above and can also be polyamide.
  • the support is of mineral origin, in this third embodiment, it is as described above and can also be aluminum silicate, chromium oxide or boron oxide.
  • the enantioselective supports in accordance with this third embodiment are prepared using a process comprising the steps consisting in physically depositing the compounds of formula (I) on a solid support which is inert with respect to it. ci, that is to say a solid support which does not contain reactive functions making it possible to create a covalent bond with the compound of formula (I) as described in connection with the first embodiment, then with polymerize the compounds of formula (I) with one another, optionally using bi- or polyfunctional crosslinking agents.
  • the crosslinking step can be carried out using bifunctional agents as indicated in US patents 6,342,592, EP0985681 and US5,302,633.
  • the ester derivative (s) and / or the carbamate derivative (s) and / or the mixed ester and carbamate derivative (s) of polysaccharide or oligosaccharide are linked by a covalent chemical bond to the support of organic origin and / or mineral and are also chemically bonded to each other, that is to say crosslinked
  • the support is of mineral origin
  • it is as described above and can also be the aluminum silicate, chromium oxide or boron oxide.
  • the enantioselective supports in accordance with this fourth embodiment are prepared using a method as described in connection with the first embodiment which further comprises a step of forming a covalent bond, a step of crosslinking which are performed in any order before or after the drying step.
  • ester derivative (s) and / or the carbamate derivative (s) and / or the mixed ester and carbamate derivative (s) of polysaccharide or oligosaccharide are fixed by covalent bond to the solid support of organic and mineral origin, as described for example in the "Journal of chromatography A, 839,
  • the invention also relates to the use of an optically active support material, for removing from a mixture of at least two constituents, chosen from the group comprising organic, mineral or organo-mineral molecules, at least part of one of these constituents, or to separate the said constituents by a chromatographic method. It also relates to the use of the optically active support material, to remove from a mixture of at least two enantiomers, chosen from the group comprising organic, inorganic or organomineral molecules, at least part of one of these constituents , to enrich the mixture with one of the enantiomers and thus obtain the other enriched enantiomer, that is to say of a rotary power greater than that of the initial mixture.
  • the invention also relates to the use of the optically active support material, for separating enantiomers by a chromatographic method.
  • the invention is illustrated by the following examples which are not limiting.
  • Examples I to VI illustrate the first embodiment of the enantioselective supports in accordance with the invention.
  • EXAMPLE I a / Preparation of a tris-2,3,6- (3,5-dimethylphenyl carbamate cellulose
  • microcrystalline cellulose (average degree of polymerization n of 100), 75 ml of pyridine and 38 ml of heptane are placed in a reactor. Agitation and heating at reflux make it possible to dehydrate the cellulose by azeotropic entrainment. 8.15 g of 3,5-dimethylphenylisocyanate and 0.05 g of dimethylaminopyridine are added and the medium is brought to reflux for 24 hours.
  • a polyamide support marketed by Merck under the reference 32
  • CDMPC tetrahydrofuran
  • the THF is then slowly evaporated at ordinary pressure and then under vacuum until a perfectly dry and homogeneous powder is obtained.
  • the column is inserted into an HPLC system and the entire system is then balanced under the following conditions: temperature 20 ° C., elution rate 1 ml / min, detection wavelength 254 nm, variable eluting mobile phase ( see table of results), quantity of racemic mixture injected: 1 ⁇ g, 25 ⁇ l injection loop, ethanol injection solvent.
  • elution rate 1 ml / min
  • detection wavelength 254 nm
  • variable eluting mobile phase see table of results
  • quantity of racemic mixture injected 1 ⁇ g, 25 ⁇ l injection loop, ethanol injection solvent.
  • microcrystalline cellulose (average degree of polymerization n of 100), 75 ml of pyridine and 38 ml of heptane are placed in a reactor. Agitation and heating at reflux make it possible to dehydrate the cellulose by azeotropic entrainment. 10.42 g of 3,5-dichlorophenylisocyanate and 0.05 g of dimethylaminopyridine are added and the medium is brought to reflux for 24 hours.
  • the solution is cooled and then poured onto 100 ml of methanol.
  • the precipitate is washed with 300 ml of methanol and then dried under vacuum at 50 ° C.
  • Biosepra is dried at 150 ° C under vacuum.
  • CDMPCs prepared in step a / of Example I, are then dissolved in 40 ml of tetrahydrofuran or THF. 3 g of previously dried titanium support are added to the previous solution and the suspension obtained is perfectly homogenized with stirring.
  • the solid is dried at ordinary pressure and then under vacuum until a perfectly dry and homogeneous powder is obtained.
  • PSCs were prepared from cellulose tris-2,3,6- (3,5-dimethylphenyl) carbamate, or CDMPC, which was synthesized as in step a / of Example I and various references solid supports.
  • the solid supports used are magnesium silicate and titanium oxide. They are of chromatographic quality and consist of irregular particles of 5 to 15 ⁇ m having a pore diameter varying from 200 to 2000 ⁇ .
  • the cellulose carbamate derivative obtained, or CDMPC was physically deposited by evaporation from a tetrahydrofuran solution, at a content of 15% by weight relative to the support.
  • each enantioselective chromatographic support material obtained was conditioned in a chromatographic column of dimensions 100 ⁇ 4.6 mm (length ⁇ internal diameter).
  • PSCs were prepared from cellulose tris-2,3,6- (3,5-dimethylphenyl) carbarnate, or CDMPC, which was synthesized as in step a / of Example I and from different supports solid.
  • the solid supports used are silica gel, magnesium silicate and zeolite.
  • Silica gel consists of irregular particles of 5 to 15 ⁇ m having a pore diameter varying from 200 to 2000 ⁇ .
  • the magnesium silicate used is Florisil (Supelco / Aldrich catalog reference 288705) sieved between 5 and 10 ⁇ m.
  • the zeolite comes from FLUKA (reference 9606).
  • the cellulose carbamate derivative obtained, or CDMPC was physically deposited by evaporation from a tetrahydrofuran solution, at a content of 15% by weight relative to the support silica gel and magnesium silicate and at a content of 5 % by weight relative to the zeolite support.
  • each enantioselective chromatographic support material obtained was conditioned in a chromatographic column of dimensions 250 x 4.6 mm (length x internal diameter).
  • Example V The procedure is the same as in Example V, except that a solid support is used, a polystyrene / divinylbenzene from the company Purolite (5 ⁇ m / 2000 ⁇ ).
  • test conditions are identical to those described above and the eluting mobile phase consists of a heptane / isopropanol 90/10 mixture:
  • EXAMPLE VII Enantioselective solid support in accordance with the fourth embodiment of the invention a / Preparation of a mixed tris-2 amyloidosis. 3, 6- (3, 5-dimethylphenylcarbamate and 4-vinylbenzoate).
  • zeolite from FLUKA, reference 9606 are dehydrated by azeotropic entrainment at reflux in 50 ml of toluene. 3 g of ⁇ -mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane are added all at once and the reaction suspension is brought to reflux for 72 hours. The suspension is filtered and the solid is washed with 2 x 50 ml of toluene. After drying at 60 ° C. under vacuum, 6.25 g of mercaptopropyl derivative zeolite are obtained.
  • the solid is taken up in 20 ml of tetrahydrofuran and 80 ml of heptane and 2 ml of ethanedithiol are added as well as 10 mg of AIBN (azo-bis-isobutyronitrile). The suspension is brought to reflux for 10 minutes.
  • AIBN azo-bis-isobutyronitrile
  • the precipitate is filtered and then washed with 3 x 20 ml of boiling tretrahydrofuran then 3 x 20 ml of heptane.
  • the solid is then suspended in 30 ml of heptane and is then conditioned in a chromatographic column of 100 mm x 4.6 mm (length x diameter).
  • the column is conditioned in heptane / isopropanol 90/10 at a flow rate of 1 ml / mm and the detection is carried out at 254 nm. 10 ⁇ g of racemic solutes are injected.
  • the enantioselectivity of the separation is calculated after measurement of the chromatographic parameters and the calculation of the selectivity factor ⁇ .
  • magnesium silicate (reference 288705, absorbent Florisil from the company SUPELCO) are dehydrated by azeotropic entrainment at reflux in 50 ml of toluene.
  • the column obtained is conditioned in pure chloroform.
  • the eluting phase and pure chloroform which is percolated through the column at a flow rate of 1 ml / min.
  • the enantioselectivity of the separation is calculated after measurement of chromatographic parameters and calculation of the selectivity factor ⁇ .
  • EXAMPLE IX Enantioselective support in accordance with the second embodiment of the invention a / Preparation of a mixed tris-2 amyloidosis. 3, 6- (3, 5-dimethylphenylcarbamate and 4-vinylbenzoate. 2.5 g of amylose (average degree of polymerization of 100), 75 ml of pyridine and 38 ml of heptane are placed in a reactor. amylose is dehydrated by azeotropic entrainment, the suspension medium is cooled, then 6 g of 3,5-dimethylphenyl isocyanate and 3 g of 4-vinylbenzoyl chloride are successively added.
  • the solid is taken up in 20 ml of tetrahydrofuran and 80 ml of heptane and 10 mg of AIBN (azo-bis-isobutyronitrile) are added. The suspension is brought to reflux for 10 minutes. The precipitate is filtered and then washed with 3 x 20 ml of boiling tretrahydrofuran then 3 x 20 ml of heptane. The solid is then suspended in 30 ml of heptane and is then conditioned in a chromatographic column of 100 mm x 4.6 mm (length x diameter). The column is conditioned in pure chloroform at a flow rate of 1 ml / mm and the detection is carried out at 254 nm. 10 ⁇ g of racemic solutes are injected. The enantioselectivity of the separation is calculated after measurement of the chromatographic parameters and the calculation of the selectivity factor ⁇ .
  • AIBN azo-bis-isobutyronitrile

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EP02805798A 2001-12-27 2002-12-17 Optisch aktive trägermaterialien, herstellungsverfahren dafür und verwendung davon Ceased EP1458475A2 (de)

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FR0116933A FR2834227A1 (fr) 2001-12-27 2001-12-27 Materiaux supports optiquement actifs, leur procede de preparation et leurs utilisations
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US7597804B2 (en) 2009-10-06
KR20040078656A (ko) 2004-09-10
CN1617762A (zh) 2005-05-18
WO2003055594A2 (fr) 2003-07-10
AU2002364659B2 (en) 2008-02-28
NO20043125L (no) 2004-09-27
FR2834227A1 (fr) 2003-07-04
US20050209100A1 (en) 2005-09-22
WO2003055594A3 (fr) 2003-12-24
JP2005513492A (ja) 2005-05-12

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