EP1365870A1 - Verfahren zum entzundern von bändern - Google Patents
Verfahren zum entzundern von bändernInfo
- Publication number
- EP1365870A1 EP1365870A1 EP02700270A EP02700270A EP1365870A1 EP 1365870 A1 EP1365870 A1 EP 1365870A1 EP 02700270 A EP02700270 A EP 02700270A EP 02700270 A EP02700270 A EP 02700270A EP 1365870 A1 EP1365870 A1 EP 1365870A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- water
- belt
- strip
- finishing train
- scale
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B37/00—Control devices or methods specially adapted for metal-rolling mills or the work produced thereby
- B21B37/74—Temperature control, e.g. by cooling or heating the rolls or the product
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B45/00—Devices for surface or other treatment of work, specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, metal-rolling mills
- B21B45/04—Devices for surface or other treatment of work, specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, metal-rolling mills for de-scaling, e.g. by brushing
- B21B45/08—Devices for surface or other treatment of work, specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, metal-rolling mills for de-scaling, e.g. by brushing hydraulically
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B1/00—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
- B21B1/22—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling plates, strips, bands or sheets of indefinite length
- B21B1/24—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling plates, strips, bands or sheets of indefinite length in a continuous or semi-continuous process
- B21B1/26—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling plates, strips, bands or sheets of indefinite length in a continuous or semi-continuous process by hot-rolling, e.g. Steckel hot mill
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B45/00—Devices for surface or other treatment of work, specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, metal-rolling mills
- B21B45/02—Devices for surface or other treatment of work, specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, metal-rolling mills for lubricating, cooling, or cleaning
- B21B45/0203—Cooling
- B21B45/0209—Cooling devices, e.g. using gaseous coolants
- B21B45/0215—Cooling devices, e.g. using gaseous coolants using liquid coolants, e.g. for sections, for tubes
- B21B45/0218—Cooling devices, e.g. using gaseous coolants using liquid coolants, e.g. for sections, for tubes for strips, sheets, or plates
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for descaling strips in a rolling mill with a scale washer and a finishing train arranged behind the scale washer in the running direction of the strip, in which the belt is pressurized with water in the scale washer and inside the rolling mill on the top and bottom ,
- Tinder is an oxide layer that, among other things, when rolling steel on the strip.
- the scale growth essentially depends on the surface temperature of the strip, the scaling time, the ambient conditions and the material of the strip. A higher surface temperature, a longer scaling time and softer steels result in stronger scale growth.
- EP 0 920 929 A2 proposes to provide surface coolers in the running direction of the strip in front of the first, second and third stands of the finishing train, which are arranged opposite each other on both sides of the strip. Nete rows of nozzles. A controller determines the total amount of water that is sprayed onto the belt from each row of nozzles.
- the scale washer arranged in the running direction of the strip in front of the finishing train consists of two rows of nozzles arranged opposite each other on both sides of the strip.
- the invention is therefore based on the object of proposing a method which reduces the disadvantageous effects of different temperatures and different scale growth between the top and bottom of the strip within the finishing train.
- the solution to this problem is based on the idea of taking the necessary measures to avoid uneven temperatures and scale growth in the area of the scale washer by creating a symmetrical temperature distribution on the top and bottom of the belt there. As a result, more symmetrical conditions are formed, so that the disadvantages in the finishing train are avoided.
- the symmetrical temperature distribution between the top and bottom of the belt can advantageously be achieved by applying descaling pressure to the belt in the scale washer at several points arranged one behind the other in the running direction, with the last point on the underside at a distance from one another in the running direction the last place at the top and closer to the finishing train.
- the application of water at the various points on the belt takes place, for example, by means of rows of nozzles known per se.
- the distance to be selected for the last row of nozzles on the underside from the last row of nozzles on the top depends on the difference in cooling effect on the top and bottom and on the scale growth of the rolled material in the respective rolling mill.
- the bottom can be subjected to a larger amount of water under descaling pressure than the top of the belt.
- a smaller distance between the last two rows of nozzles may be necessary due to design constraints on the rolling mill.
- the amount of water on the underside is approximately 60% -80%, in particular 70%, of the total amount of water should be applied to the belt in the scale washer using the rows of nozzles on the bottom and top.
- an additional cooling is alternatively proposed on the underside of the belt with water under a lower pressure in the range between 4 bar and 10 bar. It is of course within the scope of the invention to provide these measures in addition to those according to claim 3.
- water is applied at a lower pressure in the direction of travel of the belt by means of rows of nozzles in front of and / or behind the last point on the underside of the belt at which water is subjected to descaling pressure.
- the amount of water required for a symmetrical temperature distribution depends on the feed speed before the finishing train, the wear of the descaling nozzles in the nozzle rows, the pressure level and the width of the belt. In order to be able to adapt to the changing boundary conditions on the rolling mill, the amount of water applied to the strip under descaling pressure and low pressure is preferably adjustable.
- the symmetrical temperature distribution on the top and bottom of the belt is monitored by measuring the temperatures on the top and bottom of the belt without contact, in particular with pyrometers arranged behind the scale washer in the running direction of the belt.
- the amount of water under lower pressure can then be changed as a manipulated variable of a control loop so that on the upper and
- the rolling moments can be measured as a control variable on at least one stand of the finishing train above and below the strip.
- one embodiment of the invention provides that the strip is acted upon with water at least between the first two stands of the finishing train, the bottom side being exposed to a larger amount of water than the top side of the strip ,
- the upper and lower bars can also be arranged offset from one another with the distance y.
- the measures taken within the finishing train can also be monitored with the help of a control circuit, with the measured temperatures on the top and bottom of the strip as the control variable and the amount of water supplied as the control variable.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram to illustrate the method according to the invention
- Figure 2 is a side view of a scale washer in a rolling mill
- Figure 3 is a side view of a scale washer in a rolling mill with additional cooling.
- FIG. 1 shows a finishing train 1 with a scale washer 3 arranged in front of it in the running direction 2 in a hot strip rolling mill.
- the strip 4 passing through the hot strip rolling mill is in the scale washer 3 on the top 5 and the bottom 6 of a total of four rows of nozzles 7, 8 with water underneath Descaling pressure of about 200 bar.
- the last row of nozzles 8 on the underside 6 in the running direction 2 is closer to the finishing train 1 than the last row of nozzles 7 in the running direction on the top 5 in order to achieve a symmetrical temperature distribution on the top and bottom 5, 6 of the belt 4.
- the distance 11 between the last row of nozzles 7 on the upper side and the last row of nozzles 8 on the underside of the belt is to be determined in principle so that the cooling effect corresponds to that on the upper side 5 of the belt of the lower side 6.
- the distance 11 can be limited for constructional reasons, for example the space requirement of the scale washer, the arrangement of rollers or pipes. For this reason, the cooling of the underside 6 of the band is supported by the nozzle rows 9 with low pressure.
- an excessively large distance 11 would be disadvantageous since, due to the longer path from the last row of nozzles 7 on the upper side 5 to the entry into the finishing train 1, an overall thicker scale layer can be formed on the upper side.
- the effectiveness of the cooling due to the descaling by means of the nozzle rows 7, 8 and the additional cooling by the nozzle rows 9 is determined by pyrometers 12 arranged on the top and bottom 5, 6 before entering a first stand F1 of the finishing train or by the pyrometers inside the finishing train 12 'monitored. Finally, the moments occurring on the upper and lower spindles 13 of the work rolls are measured on the first three stands F1-F3 of the finishing train 1. The temperatures T 0 , T u measured by the pyrometers 12 and 12 'as well as the moments M w iu 3 u measured on the work rolls.
- M ⁇ o-3o flow as a control variable into a computer-aided control circuit which, as the control variable, is applied via the nozzle rows 9
- Amount of water V z or the amount of water V 0 i, V U j, and V 0 j, V Uj used in the street of the rows of nozzles 17, 17 'and 18, 18' is influenced by the desired symmetrical temperature distribution on the top and bottom 5 , 6 of the tape or to influence the moment distribution.
- the rows of nozzles 17, 17 'and 18, 18' can be arranged offset at the distance 10.
- the system data 15 and the process data 16 are read in to adapt the computer 14 to the respective production conditions.
- the following adaptation data are internal for determining the amount of water required for additional cooling via the nozzle rows 9 or for trimming the amounts of water V 0 j, V U j, and V 0 j, V UJ - of the nozzle graters 17, 17 "and 18, 18 ' - required halfway through the finishing train:
- the feed speed of the strip in front of the finishing train 1 changes depending on the finished strip thickness and the strip material
- the nozzles in the nozzle rows 7, 8 are subject to wear, so that the amount of water changes over time
- Figure 2 shows a schematic side view of a scale washer 3, but without rows of nozzles 9 for low pressure water.
- the symmetrical temperature distribution on the upper and lower sides 5, 6 of the band 4 is achieved only by the arrangement of the last rows of nozzles 7 in the running direction 2 offset at the distance 11.
- so-called water collecting channels 17 are located on the top 5 of the belt are arranged, which additionally reduce the cooling effect on the belt top 5 and can be used to a limited extent as an actuator.
- FIG. 3 finally shows a scale washer 3, in which the band 4 is exposed to water at a lower pressure with a row of nozzles 9 in front and two rows of nozzles 9 behind the last row of nozzles 7 on the underside of the band, to which water is subjected to descaling pressure ,
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metal Rolling (AREA)
- Cleaning By Liquid Or Steam (AREA)
- Cigarettes, Filters, And Manufacturing Of Filters (AREA)
- Manufacturing Of Electric Cables (AREA)
- Organic Insulating Materials (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Strip Materials And Filament Materials (AREA)
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE10110324A DE10110324A1 (de) | 2001-03-03 | 2001-03-03 | Verfahren zum Entzundern von Bändern |
| DE10110324 | 2001-03-03 | ||
| PCT/EP2002/001927 WO2002070157A1 (de) | 2001-03-03 | 2002-02-23 | Verfahren zum entzundern von bändern |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1365870A1 true EP1365870A1 (de) | 2003-12-03 |
| EP1365870B1 EP1365870B1 (de) | 2004-10-20 |
Family
ID=7676228
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP02700270A Expired - Lifetime EP1365870B1 (de) | 2001-03-03 | 2002-02-23 | Verfahren zum entzundern von bändern |
Country Status (11)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US7181943B2 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP1365870B1 (de) |
| JP (1) | JP4136662B2 (de) |
| CN (1) | CN1269584C (de) |
| AT (1) | ATE280003T1 (de) |
| CZ (1) | CZ298608B6 (de) |
| DE (2) | DE10110324A1 (de) |
| RU (1) | RU2281174C2 (de) |
| TW (1) | TW505549B (de) |
| UA (1) | UA76744C2 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2002070157A1 (de) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110538882A (zh) * | 2019-09-05 | 2019-12-06 | 首钢京唐钢铁联合有限责任公司 | 带钢翘头抑制方法、装置及带钢精轧设备 |
| WO2020053268A1 (de) | 2018-09-12 | 2020-03-19 | Sms Group Gmbh | Verfahren zu herstellung eines metallischen gutes |
Families Citing this family (27)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7077724B1 (en) | 2005-06-06 | 2006-07-18 | The Material Works, Ltd. | Sheet metal scale removing water jet process |
| DE102005047936A1 (de) * | 2005-10-06 | 2007-04-12 | Sms Demag Ag | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Reinigen von Brammen, Dünnbrammen, Profilen oder dergleichen |
| DE102006001195A1 (de) * | 2006-01-10 | 2007-07-12 | Sms Demag Ag | Verfahren zum Gieß-Walzen mit erhöhter Gießgeschwindigkeit und daran anschließendem Warmwalzen von relativ dünnen Metall-,insbesondere Stahlwerkstoff-Strängen,und Gieß-Walz-Einrichtung |
| US8066549B2 (en) * | 2006-09-14 | 2011-11-29 | The Material Works, Ltd. | Method of producing rust inhibitive sheet metal through scale removal with a slurry blasting descaling cell having improved grit flow |
| US8128460B2 (en) * | 2006-09-14 | 2012-03-06 | The Material Works, Ltd. | Method of producing rust inhibitive sheet metal through scale removal with a slurry blasting descaling cell |
| US8062095B2 (en) * | 2006-09-14 | 2011-11-22 | The Material Works, Ltd. | Method of producing rust inhibitive sheet metal through scale removal with a slurry blasting descaling cell having improved grit flow |
| EP2028290A1 (de) * | 2007-08-21 | 2009-02-25 | ArcelorMittal France | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur sekundären Entzunderung der metallischen bandförmigen Behandlungsgut mit Wassersprühen unter niedrigen Druck |
| US7585206B2 (en) * | 2008-01-22 | 2009-09-08 | Royal Master Grinders, Inc. | Spool to spool continuous through feed system |
| CN101618406B (zh) * | 2008-06-30 | 2012-02-01 | 鞍钢股份有限公司 | 一种热轧酸洗板表面色差控制方法 |
| DE102008047029A1 (de) * | 2008-09-13 | 2010-03-18 | Sms Siemag Aktiengesellschaft | Entzunderungsvorrichtung |
| AT507663B1 (de) * | 2009-04-09 | 2010-07-15 | Siemens Vai Metals Tech Gmbh | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum aufbereiten von warmwalzgut |
| GB2471120B (en) * | 2009-06-18 | 2011-10-05 | Siemens Vai Metals Tech Ltd | Descaler for variable thickness metal |
| TWI420108B (zh) * | 2009-09-21 | 2013-12-21 | China Steel Corp | Evaluation Method for Impact Capacity of High Pressure Water Sprayer and Sprayer |
| JP5834852B2 (ja) * | 2010-12-14 | 2015-12-24 | Jfeスチール株式会社 | 鋼板のスケール除去用ノズルおよび鋼板のスケール除去装置並びに鋼板のスケール除去方法 |
| CN102266868B (zh) * | 2011-08-05 | 2013-06-19 | 河北钢铁股份有限公司邯郸分公司 | 一种减酸洗钢的生产方法 |
| CN103191937B (zh) * | 2012-01-10 | 2014-12-03 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | 热连轧机分段除鳞控制方法 |
| CN103042055B (zh) * | 2012-12-27 | 2015-06-10 | 攀钢集团西昌钢钒有限公司 | 热轧钢坯粗轧除鳞方法 |
| DE102013019698A1 (de) | 2013-05-03 | 2014-11-06 | Sms Siemag Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines metallischen Bandes |
| EP3009205B1 (de) * | 2014-10-14 | 2018-12-26 | Primetals Technologies Germany GmbH | Berücksichtigung einer Referenzgeschwindigkeit beim Ermitteln einer Leitgeschwindigkeit |
| CN107249767B (zh) * | 2015-02-09 | 2019-03-01 | 东芝三菱电机产业系统株式会社 | 除锈系统及其控制装置及控制方法 |
| JP6233614B2 (ja) * | 2016-01-27 | 2017-11-22 | Jfeスチール株式会社 | 熱延鋼帯の製造設備列および熱延鋼帯の製造方法 |
| DE102016217562A1 (de) * | 2016-03-18 | 2017-09-21 | Sms Group Gmbh | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Entzundern eines bewegten Werkstücks |
| US10245627B2 (en) | 2016-08-19 | 2019-04-02 | The Material Works, Ltd. | Width and speed control for sheet metal descaler and methods of using same |
| EP3653312B1 (de) * | 2017-09-28 | 2022-08-17 | JFE Steel Corporation | Anlage zur herstellung von stahlplatten und verfahren zur herstellung von stahlplatten |
| JP2021514303A (ja) * | 2018-02-19 | 2021-06-10 | ザ マテリアル ワークス,リミテッド | 金属薄板デスケーラのための幅及び速度コントロールならびにそれを使用する方法 |
| DE102019216261A1 (de) * | 2019-07-02 | 2021-01-07 | Sms Group Gmbh | Verfahren zur Steuerung einer Kühleinrichtung in einer Walzstraße |
| CN113198857A (zh) * | 2021-04-14 | 2021-08-03 | 首钢集团有限公司 | 一种提高带钢上下表面质量一致性的方法 |
Family Cites Families (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3779054A (en) * | 1972-03-02 | 1973-12-18 | Wean United Inc | Coolant control for hot strip mill |
| JPS6289515A (ja) * | 1985-10-14 | 1987-04-24 | Nippon Steel Corp | 熱間圧延材の温度制御方法および装置 |
| JPH01205810A (ja) | 1988-02-12 | 1989-08-18 | Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd | デスケーリング後のスケール生成防止方法 |
| JPH0673694B2 (ja) * | 1988-09-20 | 1994-09-21 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 圧延材のデスケーリング装置及び熱間圧延設備並びに圧延材 |
| JPH0659493B2 (ja) * | 1989-09-26 | 1994-08-10 | 新日本製鐵株式会社 | 熱間圧延材の圧延機出側温度制御方法 |
| RU2033873C1 (ru) * | 1989-12-19 | 1995-04-30 | Арендное объединение "Новокраматорский машиностроительный завод" | Устройство для гидравлического удаления вторичной окалины с проката в линии прокатного стана |
| US5235840A (en) * | 1991-12-23 | 1993-08-17 | Hot Rolling Consultants, Ltd. | Process to control scale growth and minimize roll wear |
| JP3307771B2 (ja) * | 1993-08-23 | 2002-07-24 | ハンス‐ユルゲン、ガイドール | 熱間圧延鋼板のデスケーリング手段 |
| US5517842A (en) * | 1994-08-02 | 1996-05-21 | Danieli United, Inc. | Roll and strip cooling system for rolling mills |
| US5661884A (en) * | 1996-02-20 | 1997-09-02 | Tippins Incorporated | Offset high-pressure water descaling system |
| DE19744503A1 (de) * | 1997-10-09 | 1999-04-15 | Schloemann Siemag Ag | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Beeinflussung der Reibungsverhältnisse zwischen einer oberen und einer unteren Walze eines Walzgerüstes |
| JP3784948B2 (ja) * | 1997-12-05 | 2006-06-14 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | 熱間仕上圧延時の表面酸化皮膜抑制方法及び装置 |
| JP3475785B2 (ja) * | 1998-05-15 | 2003-12-08 | Jfeスチール株式会社 | 薄鋼板の熱間圧延方法およびその装置 |
| DE19900427A1 (de) * | 1999-01-08 | 2000-07-13 | Sms Demag Ag | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Entzundern einer Oszillationsmarken aufweisenden Oberfläche eines Gußstranges aus einer Stranggießanlage |
| JP2000246325A (ja) * | 1999-02-24 | 2000-09-12 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | 熱間圧延におけるスケール疵防止装置及び防止方法 |
| DE19938705A1 (de) * | 1999-08-14 | 2001-02-15 | Sms Demag Ag | Entzunderungsvorrichtung für ein stranggegossenes Metallband |
-
2001
- 2001-03-03 DE DE10110324A patent/DE10110324A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2002
- 2002-02-19 TW TW091102763A patent/TW505549B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-02-23 EP EP02700270A patent/EP1365870B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-02-23 AT AT02700270T patent/ATE280003T1/de active
- 2002-02-23 DE DE50201360T patent/DE50201360D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-02-23 WO PCT/EP2002/001927 patent/WO2002070157A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2002-02-23 CZ CZ20032377A patent/CZ298608B6/cs not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-02-23 UA UA2003108944A patent/UA76744C2/uk unknown
- 2002-02-23 JP JP2002569317A patent/JP4136662B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-02-23 CN CNB028059255A patent/CN1269584C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-02-23 RU RU2003129452/02A patent/RU2281174C2/ru active
- 2002-02-23 US US10/469,378 patent/US7181943B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO02070157A1 * |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2020053268A1 (de) | 2018-09-12 | 2020-03-19 | Sms Group Gmbh | Verfahren zu herstellung eines metallischen gutes |
| CN110538882A (zh) * | 2019-09-05 | 2019-12-06 | 首钢京唐钢铁联合有限责任公司 | 带钢翘头抑制方法、装置及带钢精轧设备 |
| CN110538882B (zh) * | 2019-09-05 | 2021-07-09 | 首钢京唐钢铁联合有限责任公司 | 带钢翘头抑制装置及带钢精轧设备 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP4136662B2 (ja) | 2008-08-20 |
| WO2002070157A1 (de) | 2002-09-12 |
| DE10110324A1 (de) | 2002-09-05 |
| JP2004529771A (ja) | 2004-09-30 |
| RU2003129452A (ru) | 2005-02-10 |
| US20040069034A1 (en) | 2004-04-15 |
| EP1365870B1 (de) | 2004-10-20 |
| UA76744C2 (uk) | 2006-09-15 |
| US7181943B2 (en) | 2007-02-27 |
| ATE280003T1 (de) | 2004-11-15 |
| DE50201360D1 (de) | 2004-11-25 |
| CN1494466A (zh) | 2004-05-05 |
| RU2281174C2 (ru) | 2006-08-10 |
| CZ20032377A3 (cs) | 2004-02-18 |
| CZ298608B6 (cs) | 2007-11-21 |
| TW505549B (en) | 2002-10-11 |
| CN1269584C (zh) | 2006-08-16 |
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