EP0957506B1 - Röntgenstrahler mit einem Flüssigmetall-Target - Google Patents
Röntgenstrahler mit einem Flüssigmetall-Target Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0957506B1 EP0957506B1 EP99201442A EP99201442A EP0957506B1 EP 0957506 B1 EP0957506 B1 EP 0957506B1 EP 99201442 A EP99201442 A EP 99201442A EP 99201442 A EP99201442 A EP 99201442A EP 0957506 B1 EP0957506 B1 EP 0957506B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- window
- ray source
- liquid metal
- electrons
- target
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J35/00—X-ray tubes
- H01J35/02—Details
- H01J35/16—Vessels; Containers; Shields associated therewith
- H01J35/18—Windows
- H01J35/186—Windows used as targets or X-ray converters
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J35/00—X-ray tubes
- H01J35/02—Details
- H01J35/04—Electrodes ; Mutual position thereof; Constructional adaptations therefor
- H01J35/08—Anodes; Anti cathodes
- H01J35/10—Rotary anodes; Arrangements for rotating anodes; Cooling rotary anodes
- H01J35/101—Arrangements for rotating anodes, e.g. supporting means, means for greasing, means for sealing the axle or means for shielding or protecting the driving
- H01J35/1017—Bearings for rotating anodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J35/00—X-ray tubes
- H01J35/02—Details
- H01J35/16—Vessels; Containers; Shields associated therewith
- H01J35/18—Windows
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J2235/00—X-ray tubes
- H01J2235/08—Targets (anodes) and X-ray converters
- H01J2235/081—Target material
- H01J2235/082—Fluids, e.g. liquids, gases
Definitions
- the invention relates to an X-ray source with an electron source for Emission of electrons and one upon impact of the electrons X-rays emitting target from a circulating in the operating state of the X-ray source liquid metal.
- Such an X-ray source is known from US Pat. No. 4,953,191.
- the liquid metal is contained in a pump circuit having a distributor head through which the liquid metal flows over a stainless steel plate into a catch pot, from where it is then again is pumped to the distributor head.
- the electron beam hits the over the Stainless steel plate flowing liquid metal and generates X-rays therein.
- gallium particles from the circulating gallium stream enter the vacuum space of the X-ray source because they This would endanger the high-voltage strength of the X-ray source.
- the gallium may only in a thin layer of flow much less than 1mm and at a much slower rate, as stated in said publication, whereby the expected load capacity of the X-ray source is significantly reduced.
- Object of the present invention is an X-ray source with an improved Constant load capacity to create. Starting from an X-ray source of the beginning mentioned type, this object is achieved in that between the electron source and the target an electron-penetrable, cooled by the target Window is located.
- this window allows the coolant to act as a turbulent flow pass the window. In a turbulent flow occurs a much better Mixing of the liquid metal as in a laminar flow, so that a better cooling results. It is also possible to make the liquid metal in a thicker one Layer and at a higher speed through the interaction area with to guide the electrons, as it is possible for a laminar flow. This is one much more effective cooling or a higher continuous load capacity possible.
- the separation of the vacuum space from the liquid metal allows Choice of a metal that has a higher vapor pressure than gallium, but also a higher one principlessiere and therefore a higher proportion of electron energy in X-ray radiation converts.
- JP-A 08 036 978 already an X-ray source is known, in which the emitted from an electron source electron through a Vacuum space of the X-ray through the final window to hit a target.
- the target - apparently a solid-state target - is located at a distance from the window in a rotatable holder. If there is a defect, it can easily get in through another target this bracket will be replaced.
- the X-ray source is only slightly resilient, making aggravating added that the outside of the window is under atmospheric conditions, so that it must be made of a material that does not react with oxygen when heated responding.
- the window must be designed so that it is on the one hand as stable as possible to the To withstand flow pressure of the circulating liquid metal, and on the other hand it should remove as much energy as possible from the electrons.
- a suitable material for the window is called in claim 2, wherein claim 3 describes a suitable embodiment.
- window materials may be used, e.g. out Beryllium or plastic.
- metals or alloys called which are suitable as a target.
- the term metal must therefore be used in conjunction with the Be widely interpreted invention. He should not only by chemical elements defined metals include but also their alloys.
- the embodiment according to claim 6 ensures effective cooling, the an increased continuous power allowed.
- the further embodiment according to claim 7 causes doing in the area of the window a turbulent flow, which is in the simplest way can realize according to claim 8.
- the embodiment according to claim 9 ensures that the enclosed by the piston Vacuum space and the space in which the liquid metal flows hermetically from each other are separated.
- the liquid metal therefore need not have a low vapor pressure, such as in the known X-ray source.
- the X-radiation generated in the liquid metal first passes through the window for the X-ray Electrons before it exits the X-ray exit window as useful radiation.
- the electron beam emitted from the electron source becomes elongated Has cross-section ("stroke focus principle"), then the plane should be through the Electron beam and the emergence of the Nutzstrahlenbündel is defined, perpendicular to the direction in which the liquid metal flows past the window.
- Fig. 1, 1 denotes an electrically preferably grounded tube piston, the through a window 2 is completed vacuum-tight.
- an electron source in the form of a cathode 3, which is in the operating state emits an electron beam 4 passing through the window 2 to a liquid Metal meets, which is in a system 5.
- the system 5 includes a Piping system 50, in which the liquid metal is driven by a pump 52, where it flows past in a section 51 on the outside of the window 2. To Passing the section 51, it passes into a heat exchanger 53 flows, from which the generated heat can be dissipated by means of a suitable cooling circuit.
- the electron beam 4 preferably has a cross-section which is based on the principle of the line focus in the direction perpendicular to the plane of Fig. 1 is substantially greater than in the direction of the drawing plane.
- the beam exit window 6 - As indicated by dashed lines - are in the direction of the circumference of the piston 1, in the dashed line shows, so in a section of the tube piston 1 above or below the drawing level.
- the window 2 has the task to complete the tube piston vacuum-tight and at the same time the section 51, which is traversed by the liquid metal.
- it must be for the electrons 4 (the cathode 3 leads opposite to the Tube piston negative high voltage) as "transparent" as possible, so that the Electrons generate as little heat as they pass through the window possible.
- the window should be made of a material with a good Thermal conductivity exist.
- a suitable material for the window is diamond.
- the electron with an energy of 150 keV in such a window is less than 1%, so that in the window caused by the electrons Heat flux is lower than 500 W, when the liquid metal through the electrons with 50 kW is heated.
- Another advantage of diamond is its high thermal Conductivity and the fact that it is in an oxygen-free environment up to 1500 ° C can be heated without irreversible changes.
- Fig. 2 shows the portion 51 of the system 5 with the diamond window 2.
- This Diamond window can be produced, for example, in the following manner. On a silicon carrier 22 with a thickness of 300 ⁇ m and a diameter of 6 mm becomes 1 ⁇ m thick Deposited diamond layer by a suitable CVD method. Subsequently, will in a suitable manner, e.g. by etching, in the area where the electron beam impinges, an opening 21 of e.g. 5mm x 0.8mm in the silicon substrate, so that in this area only the diamond window remains. The silicon carrier 22 then becomes connected in a suitable manner with the section 51 and the piston 1. Subsequently the silicon substrate 22 thus processed is provided with a thin metallization, so that he can not be charged by electrons.
- liquid metal metals or metal alloys can be used, the one have high atomic number and at a low temperature, preferably Room temperature, are liquid.
- a suitable metal is mercury, which is already liquid at -39 ° C.
- a suitable Metal alloy consists of 62.5% Ga / 21.5% In and 16% Sn (details in Weight percent). This alloy is liquid at 10.7 ° C.
- Another suitable Alloy consisting partly of elements with a higher atomic number consists of 43% Bi / 21.7% Pb / 18.3% In / 8% Sn / 5% Cd and 4% Hg. This alloy becomes liquid at 38 ° C. You must before commissioning the X-ray source therefore be heated until it is liquid.
- the piping system could then be designed so that the liquid metal from the tube 50 is narrowed with an internal dimension of eg 6 mm via suitable spacers to a cross section of 4 mm x 1 mm.
- the narrowing of the flow cross-section, the heating of the liquid metal by the electrons and the relatively high velocity of the liquid metal (25 ms -1 ) cause the flow in this area to be turbulent.
- At most in a range of a few um from the window remains a layer with an approximately laminar flow. This laminar flow could, if necessary, be eliminated by roughening the window 2 on its side facing the flow.
- the pump 52 which drives the liquid metal through the conduit system 50, 51 may do so liquid metal with the help of magnetohydrodynamic forces through the lines 50.51 pumps, similar to that described in U.S. Patent 4,953,191. These Magnetohydrodynamic forces arise through the interaction between the Magnetic fields caused by electrical currents in the liquid metal be with external magnetic fields.
- the advantage is that such a pump no mechanically moving parts would have to - but it can also pumps with other principles of action are used.
- the invention allows the X-ray source with a continuous power of at least 10 kW to operate.
- Rotary anode X-ray tubes usually have a lower Continuous load capacity and have bearings for the rotary anode, which in movements, for. in one Computer tomographs can be damaged.
Landscapes
- X-Ray Techniques (AREA)
Description
- Fig. 1
- einen erfindungsgemäßen Röntgenstrahler in schematischer Darstellung und
- Fig. 2
- einen Teil dieses Röntgenstrahlers in einer vergrößerten Ansicht.
Claims (10)
- Röntgenstrahler mit einer Elektronenquelle (3) zur Emission von Elektronen und einem beim Auftreffen der Elektronen Röntgenstrahlung emittierenden Target aus einem im Betriebszustand des Röntgenstrahlers zirkulierenden flüssigen Metall, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sich zwischen der Elektronenquelle und dem Target ein von den Elektronen durchdringbares, durch das flüssige Metall gekühltes Fenster (2) befindet.
- Röntgenstrahler nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Fenster (2) aus Diamant besteht
- Röntgenstrahler nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Fenster einen der Elektronenquelle zugewandten, mit einer Diamantschicht (2) versehenen Träger (22) aufweist, der im Auftreffbereich der Elektronen mit einer Öffnung (21) versehen ist.
- Röntgenstrahler nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Target aus Quecksilber oder einer Quecksilberlegierung besteht.
- Röntgenstrahler nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Target aus einer Blei und Wismut enthaltenden Legierung besteht.
- Röntgenstrahler nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine Pumpe (52) vorgesehen ist, die das flüssige Metall in einem geschlossenen Kreislauf (50, 51) zirkulieren läßt, der im Bereich des Fensters (2) eine vorwiegend turbulente Strömung erzeugt
- Röntgenstrahler nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der von dem flüssigen Metall durchströmte Querschnitt (51) des Kreislaufs im Bereich des Fensters (2) wesentlich kleiner ist als in einem vom Fenster entfernten Bereich.
- Röntgenstrahler nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Kreislauf ein auf seinem Umfang mit dem Fenster versehenes Rohr (51) aufweist, das im Bereich des Fenster eine Querschnittsverengung (54) enthält.
- Röntgenstrahler nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Elektronenquelle (3) sich in einem evakuierten Kolben (1) befindet, der durch das Fenster abgedichtet wird.
- Röntgenstrahler nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sich in dem Kolben (1) zusätzlich ein Fenster (6) für den Austritt der im Target erzeugten Röntgenstrahlung befindet.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19821939A DE19821939A1 (de) | 1998-05-15 | 1998-05-15 | Röntgenstrahler mit einem Flüssigmetall-Target |
DE19821939 | 1998-05-15 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0957506A1 EP0957506A1 (de) | 1999-11-17 |
EP0957506B1 true EP0957506B1 (de) | 2005-11-16 |
Family
ID=7867950
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP99201442A Expired - Lifetime EP0957506B1 (de) | 1998-05-15 | 1999-05-07 | Röntgenstrahler mit einem Flüssigmetall-Target |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6185277B1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP0957506B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JPH11339702A (de) |
KR (1) | KR19990088266A (de) |
DE (2) | DE19821939A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (37)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE19905802A1 (de) * | 1999-02-12 | 2000-08-17 | Philips Corp Intellectual Pty | Röntgenröhre |
DE19934987B4 (de) * | 1999-07-26 | 2004-11-11 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Röntgenanode und ihre Verwendung |
US6831963B2 (en) | 2000-10-20 | 2004-12-14 | University Of Central Florida | EUV, XUV, and X-Ray wavelength sources created from laser plasma produced from liquid metal solutions |
DE19955392A1 (de) * | 1999-11-18 | 2001-05-23 | Philips Corp Intellectual Pty | Monochromatische Röntgenstrahlenquelle |
DE60143527D1 (de) * | 2000-07-28 | 2011-01-05 | Jettec Ab | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur erzeugung von röntgenstrahlung |
DE10050810A1 (de) * | 2000-10-13 | 2002-04-18 | Philips Corp Intellectual Pty | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines elektronenstrahltransparenten Fensters sowie elektronenstrahltransparentes Fenster |
DE10050811A1 (de) | 2000-10-13 | 2002-04-18 | Philips Corp Intellectual Pty | Elektronenstrahltransparentes Fenster |
JP4568850B2 (ja) * | 2000-11-15 | 2010-10-27 | 助川電気工業株式会社 | インバータ式核破砕ターゲットシステム |
DE10062928A1 (de) * | 2000-12-16 | 2002-06-20 | Philips Corp Intellectual Pty | Röntgenstrahler mit Flüssigmetall-Target |
DE10106740A1 (de) * | 2001-02-14 | 2002-08-22 | Philips Corp Intellectual Pty | Röntgenstrahler mit einem Target aus einem flüssigen Metall |
DE10129463A1 (de) | 2001-06-19 | 2003-01-02 | Philips Corp Intellectual Pty | Röntgenstrahler mit einem Flüssigmetall-Target |
DE10130070A1 (de) * | 2001-06-21 | 2003-01-02 | Philips Corp Intellectual Pty | Röntgenstrahler mit Flüssigmetall-Target |
DE10147473C2 (de) | 2001-09-25 | 2003-09-25 | Siemens Ag | Drehanodenröntgenröhre |
DE10210045C1 (de) * | 2002-03-07 | 2003-05-08 | Philips Corp Intellectual Pty | Lichtquelle und Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Folie für die Lichtquelle |
EP1485936B1 (de) * | 2002-03-08 | 2005-11-23 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Einrichtung zur erzeugung von röntgenstrahlen mit einer flüssigmetallanode |
US6961408B2 (en) * | 2002-03-08 | 2005-11-01 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Device for generating X-rays having a liquid metal anode |
US7180981B2 (en) * | 2002-04-08 | 2007-02-20 | Nanodynamics-88, Inc. | High quantum energy efficiency X-ray tube and targets |
EP1573774A2 (de) * | 2002-12-11 | 2005-09-14 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Röntgenstrhalungsquelle zur erzeugung monochromatischer röntgenstrahlung |
JP2007503703A (ja) * | 2003-05-19 | 2007-02-22 | コーニンクレッカ フィリップス エレクトロニクス エヌ ヴィ | 蛍光x線源 |
US6944270B1 (en) * | 2004-02-26 | 2005-09-13 | Osmic, Inc. | X-ray source |
DE102004013620B4 (de) * | 2004-03-19 | 2008-12-04 | GE Homeland Protection, Inc., Newark | Elektronenfenster für eine Flüssigmetallanode, Flüssigmetallanode, Röntgenstrahler und Verfahren zum Betrieb eines solchen Röntgenstrahlers |
DE102004013618B4 (de) * | 2004-03-19 | 2007-07-26 | Yxlon International Security Gmbh | Verfahren zum Betrieb einer magnetohydrodynamischen Pumpe, Flüssigmetallanode für eine Röntgenquelle sowie Röntgenstrahler |
DE102004015590B4 (de) * | 2004-03-30 | 2008-10-09 | GE Homeland Protection, Inc., Newark | Anodenmodul für eine Flüssigmetallanoden-Röntgenquelle sowie Röntgenstrahler mit einem Anodenmodul |
WO2005101450A1 (en) * | 2004-04-13 | 2005-10-27 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | A device for generating x-rays having a liquid metal anode |
US7629593B2 (en) * | 2007-06-28 | 2009-12-08 | Asml Netherlands B.V. | Lithographic apparatus, radiation system, device manufacturing method, and radiation generating method |
US8300770B2 (en) | 2010-07-13 | 2012-10-30 | Varian Medical Systems, Inc. | Liquid metal containment in an x-ray tube |
HUP1000635A2 (en) | 2010-11-26 | 2012-05-29 | Ge Hungary Kft | Liquid anode x-ray source |
US9330879B2 (en) * | 2011-08-04 | 2016-05-03 | John Lewellen | Bremstrahlung target for intensity modulated X-ray radiation therapy and stereotactic X-ray therapy |
US9368316B2 (en) | 2013-09-03 | 2016-06-14 | Electronics And Telecommunications Research Institute | X-ray tube having anode electrode |
CA2935900A1 (en) * | 2014-01-07 | 2015-07-16 | Jettec Ab | X-ray micro imaging |
EP3214635A1 (de) * | 2016-03-01 | 2017-09-06 | Excillum AB | Flüssig-target-röntgenquelle mit strahlmischwerkzeug |
US10748736B2 (en) * | 2017-10-18 | 2020-08-18 | Kla-Tencor Corporation | Liquid metal rotating anode X-ray source for semiconductor metrology |
WO2020218952A1 (ru) | 2019-04-26 | 2020-10-29 | Общество С Ограниченной Ответственностью "Эуф Лабс" | Источник рентгеновского излучения с вращающейся жидкометаллической мишенью |
WO2021011209A1 (en) * | 2019-07-15 | 2021-01-21 | Sigray, Inc. | X-ray source with rotating anode at atmospheric pressure |
US11170965B2 (en) | 2020-01-14 | 2021-11-09 | King Fahd University Of Petroleum And Minerals | System for generating X-ray beams from a liquid target |
US11719652B2 (en) | 2020-02-04 | 2023-08-08 | Kla Corporation | Semiconductor metrology and inspection based on an x-ray source with an electron emitter array |
CN115020172A (zh) * | 2022-07-01 | 2022-09-06 | 成都理工大学 | 一种环形电子束反射式液态金属阳极装置 |
Family Cites Families (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3586244T2 (de) * | 1984-12-26 | 2000-04-20 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung von Weich-Röntgenstrahlen durch ein Hochenergiebündel. |
JPS61153936A (ja) * | 1984-12-26 | 1986-07-12 | Toshiba Corp | プラズマx線発生装置 |
US4737647A (en) * | 1986-03-31 | 1988-04-12 | Siemens Medical Laboratories, Inc. | Target assembly for an electron linear accelerator |
JPH02138900A (ja) * | 1988-11-18 | 1990-05-28 | Nikon Corp | 電子線透過窓 |
US4953191A (en) * | 1989-07-24 | 1990-08-28 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy | High intensity x-ray source using liquid gallium target |
US5052034A (en) * | 1989-10-30 | 1991-09-24 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | X-ray generator |
JPH05101797A (ja) * | 1991-10-04 | 1993-04-23 | Olympus Optical Co Ltd | X線光源装置 |
EP0651398A1 (de) * | 1993-10-26 | 1995-05-03 | W.R. Grace & Co. | Flüssigkeitsverdampfungskühlung des Fensters eines Teilbeschleunigers |
JPH0836978A (ja) | 1994-07-26 | 1996-02-06 | Toshiba Corp | X線発生装置 |
JPH08138594A (ja) * | 1994-11-11 | 1996-05-31 | Olympus Optical Co Ltd | 軟x線光源装置 |
-
1998
- 1998-05-15 DE DE19821939A patent/DE19821939A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1999
- 1999-05-07 DE DE59912786T patent/DE59912786D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-05-07 US US09/307,156 patent/US6185277B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-05-07 EP EP99201442A patent/EP0957506B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-05-12 JP JP11131444A patent/JPH11339702A/ja active Pending
- 1999-05-13 KR KR1019990017208A patent/KR19990088266A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE59912786D1 (de) | 2005-12-22 |
US6185277B1 (en) | 2001-02-06 |
DE19821939A1 (de) | 1999-11-18 |
JPH11339702A (ja) | 1999-12-10 |
KR19990088266A (ko) | 1999-12-27 |
EP0957506A1 (de) | 1999-11-17 |
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