EP0479816A1 - Formstein. - Google Patents
Formstein.Info
- Publication number
- EP0479816A1 EP0479816A1 EP90909127A EP90909127A EP0479816A1 EP 0479816 A1 EP0479816 A1 EP 0479816A1 EP 90909127 A EP90909127 A EP 90909127A EP 90909127 A EP90909127 A EP 90909127A EP 0479816 A1 EP0479816 A1 EP 0479816A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- stones
- composite
- dadu
- esp
- gek
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
- E04C2/30—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure
- E04C2/34—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts
- E04C2/3405—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts spaced apart by profiled spacer sheets
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/16—Structures made from masses, e.g. of concrete, cast or similarly formed in situ with or without making use of additional elements, such as permanent forms, substructures to be coated with load-bearing material
- E04B1/161—Structures made from masses, e.g. of concrete, cast or similarly formed in situ with or without making use of additional elements, such as permanent forms, substructures to be coated with load-bearing material with vertical and horizontal slabs, both being partially cast in situ
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
- E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
- E04B2/42—Walls having cavities between, as well as in, the elements; Walls of elements each consisting of two or more parts, kept in distance by means of spacers, at least one of the parts having cavities
- E04B2/44—Walls having cavities between, as well as in, the elements; Walls of elements each consisting of two or more parts, kept in distance by means of spacers, at least one of the parts having cavities using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position; Spacers for cavity walls
- E04B2/46—Walls having cavities between, as well as in, the elements; Walls of elements each consisting of two or more parts, kept in distance by means of spacers, at least one of the parts having cavities using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position; Spacers for cavity walls by interlocking of projections or inserts with indentations, e.g. of tongues, grooves, dovetails
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
- E04B2/84—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ
- E04B2/86—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ made in permanent forms
- E04B2/8623—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ made in permanent forms with spacers and at least one form leaf being monolithic
- E04B2/8629—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ made in permanent forms with spacers and at least one form leaf being monolithic with both form leaves and spacers being monolithic
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
- E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
- E04B2002/0202—Details of connections
- E04B2002/0204—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections
- E04B2002/0215—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections with separate protrusions
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
- E04C2/30—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure
- E04C2/34—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts
- E04C2/3405—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts spaced apart by profiled spacer sheets
- E04C2002/3411—Dimpled spacer sheets
- E04C2002/3433—Dimpled spacer sheets with dimples extending from both sides of the spacer sheet
- E04C2002/3438—Dimpled spacer sheets with dimples extending from both sides of the spacer sheet with saddle-shaped dimples, e.g. eggcrate type spacer sheets
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
- E04C2/30—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure
- E04C2/34—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts
- E04C2002/3494—Apparatus for making profiled spacer sheets
Definitions
- the invention relates to a building system made of molded bricks and lightweight structures for the production of environmentally friendly buildings by industrial prefabrication and / or self-help, in particular those with large, column-free spans, the building system is suitable for the industrial plant prefabrication of individually dimensioned wall elements made of sand-lime bricks, those pre-stacked dry by a CNC-controlled robot and in the factory or on site, even by unskilled workers, e.g. self-builders, further processing, whereby using a lifting aid, square-meter-sized wall sections can be moved, the stones are then reinforced with reinforcements, installations and concrete, plaster, clay or the like.
- interior walls can be equipped with heating or cooling lines, exterior walls with absorber lines, wall and foundation masses being used as radiant heating surfaces and / or storage masses
- the lightweight frames consist of multi-axis stiffened sheet metal and / or rod frameworks, in particular machine-welded Structural steel.
- the former has the advantage of providing great freedom in terms of aesthetic and climatic design through the choice of varied and structurally advantageous materials (eg bricks) and through individual design, but has the disadvantage that the construction process is known to be relatively lengthy or is characterized by a jumble of numerous heterogeneous building materials.
- REPLACEMENT LEAF lightweight and resource-saving building
- the components In order to keep the transport costs and transport weights low, the components must be constructed as lightly as possible, the assembly and conveying costs at the construction site can also be kept low by means of easily manageable components with low weight.
- the principles of lightweight construction are as consistent as possible in industrial construction
- the use of lightweight components can be achieved through the use of lightweight construction, lightweight construction and its combination, as well as through the use of composite components, lower component weights and wall thicknesses also enable larger usable floor plans and room heights, as well as lighter foundations, all of the aforementioned options for lightweight construction are also important A prerequisite for building raw materials.
- the service life of the supporting structure is at least 80 to 120 years
- REPLACEMENT LEAF must be included. however, such a construction is not chosen, eg in self-construction. For example, it is desirable to insert ceiling structures without interrupting a self-adjusting masonry elevation in order to avoid the time-consuming re-erection of a wall, for example on a continuously cast ring anchor; this is only possible by perforating the wall, so that increased point loads through into the wall engaging binders are created which have to be distributed by horizontal reinforcement.
- the demand for the use of solar energy and environmental heat for heating buildings must be listed, whereby the functional integration of the three principles: solar collector, solar cell and heat absorber must also be the goal , especially in areas where cloudy skies are not uncommon.
- the solution strategy here is basically as follows: -
- the system is based on a building block type with its variants, which is relatively small in size, therefore handy, precise in shape, and also high in aesthetics and building physics: the building blocks are relocated without mortar due to rounded, gliding and break-resistant alliances - oroane can be positioned easily and immovably: this composite stone is much faster to process than existing methods and can be installed by unskilled workers as well as by robots; the composite stone consists in particular of lime sand stone or naturally colored artificial sand stone in octa etrical or euro standard-compliant format (e.g. 125
- the composite stone acts as a permanent, statically effective form for the filling compound, usually flow concrete or grout, so that complex formwork work is not necessary;
- the aesthetic quality of the building block also leads to a significant reduction in technical expenditure: the possibility of saving time-consuming and expensive plastering by means of mortar-free exposed masonry or the elimination of complex scaffolding on site or the saving of time-consuming expansion work (plastering) through precise, flat brickwork surfaces, which can easily be further processed into wallpapering or painting ground by filling the joint joints; aesthetically effective shadow gaps also serve as an opportunity to insert dowels in exposed masonry without destroying the optical quality; however, plasters can also be used in a simplified process, especially applied in the factory and mechanically on walls with a rough surface and - in the case of sand-lime brick or aggregate-porous concrete - with high absorbency and therefore under ideal adhesion conditions, so that only on-site joints need to be filled;
- the building block is designed in such a way that it can be assembled in the factory to produce armable and fully equipped wall panels that only need to be assembled on site; the problem of building moisture is avoided by appropriate storage or drying of the parts, so that the building can be moved into as quickly as possible.
- - Walls and foundations are made of prefabricated, reinforced molded stone elements and with specially automatically pre-produced elements such as reinforcement mats and - mesh panels with connection elements reinforced to size and to facilitate assembly;
- Polvaxial panels make it possible to construct high-rise building structures and halls in a cost-effective manner, which firstly requires that they span large, column-free spans, and secondly that their vertical structural parts on the one hand absorb large loads and themselves weigh a lot, especially in the base area of high-rise buildings, and that on the other hand they weigh less and less upwards, so that the use of lightweight structures that are in line with the system, also for vertical structures, represents an important technical advance; also structuralist designs. in which
- REPLACEMENT LEAF vertical and horizontal structural parts should be variable, are made practical by lightweight panels;
- the wide-ranging light-weight structural panels are also suitable separately from molded stone structures for the complete construction of all types of prefabricated buildings, especially for light, translucent, highly insulated, flying halls - structures;
- the planning of the different building materials takes place on the basis of different dimensional grids, which allow the construction of any angles and curves and on whose dimensional steps and angles the composite blocks and all other elements are coordinated; in particular, a Pythagorean grid is proposed that allows planning with five base angles without having to cut stones; Since the walls can also be dimensioned as required, there is no need to restrict the design freedom to the grid;
- REPLACEMENT LEAF (20 by 40, suitable for example for kitchen furnishings in 120 cm increments);
- REPLACEMENT LEAF - Factory surface finishing and processing eg plastic glazing, tiles (finished walls for wet areas). sandblasting, hydrofobing, pre-mortaring shadow gaps, plastering etc .;
- REPLACEMENT LEAF can expand and so seals the joints of the walls and forms a load-bearing wall core
- the convex composite elements in particular the spring knobs (fig 3-8) or the central knobs (fig 18,19) on the stones ensure that the stones are precisely positioned when they are moved; the stones slide into each other in a self-adjusting manner due to the rounded shape of the convex composite elements and their counterparts, which means that they can be moved quickly; when filling the stacked walls, the composite elements secure the stones against lateral movement; the arrangement of the spring knobs e.g. enables corner stones, which are closed at the top, to be displaced at right angles to one another, as a result of which the walls that meet meet interlocking;
- the positioning grooves (fig 3-6,9,10) allow the insertion of reinforcing steel in clearly defined positions, either directly or through spacers; this is necessary so that the reinforcing steel has a sufficient corrosion-protecting concrete cover; at the same time, the grooves create a good connection between the underside of the web and the concrete core, since any bubbles cannot expand over a large area, but only take up a small space between the groove ridges, the ridge height lines connecting with the concrete core;
- the result is that the trapezoidal transition parts are cut into a wedge shape by the webs in the stone walls of the positioning grooves (viewed from the side); if the entire wall comes under bending pressure, the dovetails prevent the stone walls from flaking off; Furthermore, the grooves that form the swallowtails, especially in the version with right-angled vertical channels, distribute the water that is injected before the concrete is poured in for the purpose of pre-wetting;
- the all-round bezel (fig 3-10) of the visible surfaces can be used in the production of aesthetically high-quality, unplastered exposed masonry to be filled with sealing compounds, thereby eliminating the risk of concrete milk flowing out through the cracks between the stones;
- reinforcement channels The wider ones are so wide that there is enough space to fill in filling compound with a certain grain size and liquid in addition to inserted, vertical reinforcement remains: reinforcement channels;
- the narrower ones are so narrow that the filling compound can still flow into them and flow past webs or other composite elements that protrude into the narrow casting channels without conflict with vertical reinforcement: montaqe channels;
- a runner stone contains in particular four webs with two narrow filling channels between the webs and a wide, entire filling channel in the middle of the stone and two half, wide filling channels on the abutting surfaces;
- dadu. . that composite stones as filling channel reveal stones dadu. k. are that at least on one side the horizontal-half-channels are closed by extending a web and its web bases up and down;
- dadu. . that isopolygon angle stones for the construction of symmetrical polygons ground plans from the same angles and in particular with more than six corners without stone cutting, both in single-shell and in double-shell construction dadu. are.
- a longitudinal axis distance between the back and facing masonry is fixed, which defines the space between the two wall shells, preferably so that the grid-like spacing of the underlying grid is maintained, e.g. with a backing of 12.5 cm thick and a facing of 7.5 cm thick, a center distance of 22.5 cm, resulting in a space of 12.5 cm;
- This further results in a distance between two corners of rounded 12.06 cm for a twelve corner with the peripheral inner angles between the legs of 50 ° and the central angles at the angle base of the diagonal of 30 °, if the bisector between two corners forming the center angle does not exist Is 22.5 cm long, or a length of the opposite catheter to half the central angle in the right-angled triangles from a central angle eye, bisector and half the line between the corners ( opposite catheter) of 6.03 cm; If the length of the bisector or the height in the equilateral triangle between two legs is now doubled, the distance is also doubled
- the length of an isopolygonal stone basic element is therefore characterized in that it is a simple one of the counter-catheter length of the selected, right-angled module triangle (with a catheter to half the central angle in the length of the selected center distance);
- the isopolygonal bricks are characterized in that a rectangular gusset-based gusset base is added to the right-angled basic element, the length of which results from the selected wall thickness: the thicker the wall, the shorter the length of the gusset base. since the length-limiting "butt joint" line is set at right angles to the opposite catheter in such a way that its end point facing the inside of the polygon lies on the hypothenuse of the module triangle;
- the isopolygonal stones are characterized in that isopolygonal runner stones have a length of a multiple of the basic element between the corners of the polygon and
- the stones are constructed on the basis of a square grid with symmetrical octagons; the kit consists of the following stone types:
- - 45 ° angle stone formed from an octagon, from which one of its marginal trapezoids is removed, so that a flank is created at a 45 ° angle; otherwise the stone is built like an angle stone;
- REPLACEMENT LEAF can be; the bridge piece is particularly equipped with 4 pairs of composite elements in the middle of each half;
- a wall opening is to be inserted in a 45 ° wall, in which e.g. frames can be used in grid square dimensions, especially the octa etric dimensions, this wall opening must be designed in grid square sohritten; from this it follows that the bridge pieces of the 45 ° runner stone must be removed and lined up at the edges of the opening so that the opening, framed by such fitting stones, remains in the grid;
- the bridge sections which are 5.177 cm wide in the octametric grid, must be added in a number of x plus a half if the length of the wall opening is to be built up from an even number of squares, between which there is then an odd number of bridge sections that are must be divided again if the wall breakthrough is to be in the middle;
- the fit stones are therefore in particular of two types, one and a half times or even three and a half times the length of the bridge piece, with a knob or pan in the middle of each theoretical half piece, so that the stones can cling
- the first type of stone consists of an angle bracket and a fitting between the angle bracket and the next system-related, preferably octametric butt joint;
- the second type of stone also carries a tie-in element in grid length, preferably 12.5 cm; e.g. is an outside corner angle stone of type one for a 7.5 cm thick facing wall with an intermediate layer thickness of 12.5 cm 14.016 cm long; a suitable type 1 inner eok angle stone is 7.876 cm long; for the 45 ° front wall, there are two 45 ° front wall angle fitting types for inside and outside corners:
- Type two the fitting plus integration element; on the inside and outside corners, the angle fitting is supplemented with a simple 45 ° runner fitting in the width of the wall as an integration element; in the example with the 7.5 em pre-wall, the inside corner angle fitting is 4,219 cm minus expansion joint; the 5,169 cm minus expansion joint on the outside corner angle;
- the 45 ° pretext angle keys are reduced to two types. a different expansion joint is created;
- REPLACEMENT LEAF 10 embodiment of the building system, dadu. k. that composite stones as rotatable articulated stones for curved walls are characterized by the following features (fig 12):
- a joint element has a circular groove on one side. in which convex composite organs with a congruently circular arrangement can be moved in a circular manner;
- the joint element is round
- the joint element corresponds to a counterpart on the other side of the stone, which is form-fitting, especially quarter-circle;
- pillar core stones for filling pillar cores in pillars made of more than two special pillar stones for inserting reinforcement bars have walls with the same recesses as the bars;
- multi-layer stones are used as plug-in insulation stones or heating stones, in particular for filling a layer with insulation cuttings or for heating them with air;
- dadu. that a device for two-stage press-forming of stone and calcium silicate insulation. dadu. is. that
- the calcium-silicate insulation is then poured into the resulting cavity and compressed by a further stamp, thereby forming the load-bearing stone part, which in particular has a profiled surface to promote adhesion;
- the thickness of the composite stone walls can also be composed of several stones of different widths; are either
- 1st layer a stone of width a) on the left next to a stone of width b) on the right is followed by a stone of width a) on the right and a stone of width b) on the left, etc .;
- 2nd layer the same arrangement as above, offset in length, especially by half a stone length;
- 3rd layer like 1st layer etc.
- the combined stone widths are selected so that in the middle of the wall the storage areas of the stones with different widths do not match
- REPLACEMENT LEAF hit but rather in the longitudinally offset offset, preferably overhanging by half the length;
- a profile bridges the spaces between the hardening carriage and the underside of the shell of green stone blocks and in the stack between the stone webs and especially as a two-part profile is adjustable via slots and wing screws;
- profiles for polyaxial panels either low-stiffening profiles, i.e. not extremely flat or steep, are selected, such as e.g. corrugated, zigzag (fig 22) or trapezoidal profiles with a profile inclination of approximately 45 ° +/- 20 °, whereby the crossing of the direction of the profile of a surface results in a three-dimensional profile and multi-axis stiffening; - or steeper profiles are also used for pure spacer, cable or seed carrier function (e.g. hollow floor, absorber roof);
- pure spacer, cable or seed carrier function e.g. hollow floor, absorber roof
- a parallel, top-view straight-axis and side-view profile-axis polyaxial panel is defined by the following operation: a template profiled on the edge, e.g. A corrugated or trapezoidal-shaped template is being guided along two, preferably identical, profile templates, which are not parallel to the first, but rather at right angles, the profiles being selected such that the template during its presented, surface-shaping, profile-following displacement can always be vertical, and the two templates are profiled the same or different, eg three templates with corrugated profile, which - in contrast to a simple, uniaxial corrugated sheet - creates a crossed or biaxial profile, e.g. a cross-well profile or in short: sinus profile:
- the moving template is set according to the above claim at a different angle than the right one, whereby, viewed in the direction of leadership, a perspective shortened profile with a smaller profile or wavelength, but with the same amplitude arises, the amplitude peaks or hamlets of which, seen transversely to the direction of the tour, are shifted or staggered against each other like a summit panorama;
- a supervisory profile axially and laterally straight profile operationally as follows the following is defined: a profile template for surface shaping, eg a zigzag template, is shifted on a level along a profiled profile or axis, eg a shaft, or a second ziek-zag line, resulting in a double ziek -zack profile or herringbone panel or eg a zig-zag profile running in lines of sight, in short: zig-zag-snake-panel (fig 22) is created;
- the supervisory axis shows in particular an amplitude that is at least half the professional or wavelength, so that the panel experiences undirected stiffening due to the sliding of parallel waves, for example, with continuous contour lines, in particular for welding flat sheets;
- the paraboloids extend in one direction from a flat plane
- interfering polyaxial panels with discontinuous contour lines in the form of cross panels form a pattern of parallel crosses offset from one another, with complementary elements between their bars. especially in square and circular form, which fill the space between the beams; the contour lines of crosses and additional elements lie on one level; in between are valleys, the bottoms of which form the contour lines of the other level of the panel, so that the supplementary elements, in particular pyramid and cone-shaped forms;
- REPLACEMENT LEAF 35 embodiment of the building system, dadu. . that in the case of interfering polyaxial panels with discontinuous contour lines in the form of double-ax panels (fig 24), elements with contour lines in the form of double axes are compiled in the following way:
- the circular segment-shaped edges of the double-ax shapes are homologous, especially parallel, to the circular segment-shaped flanks; the axes of the double-ax elements are thus rotated 90 ° against each other; the contour lines lie on one level;
- the device has two tightly closable, especially hydraulically movable mold halves; the mold halves encompass the panel to be preformed in a form-fitting seal that is still undeformed on the input side and already fully deformed on the output side;
- the upper half of the mold contains the profile to be molded, with a transition from the flat entrance profile to the full-spatial profile running continuously, which is then followed by one or more tracks of profile units at full height; likewise towards the side edges;
- the forming liquid e.g. water or oil or esp. a substance f. that sticks to the panel as a coating, e.g. a lacquer, pressed in, which runs out when the mold is opened or is pumped out again;
- the device contains conveyors on both sides, which advance the panel intermittently when the mold halves are open, to the extent that an already deep-drawn passage of the panel can be positively pressed between the profiled mold edges;
- REPLACEMENT LEAF lie vertically and / or not perpendicular to the planes to be connected, but inclined, preferably so that the folds of two adjacent zigzag rods touch;
- the belt grids are either arranged offset from one another at a distance, so that the crossing points of the one are at right angles above or below the center points of the preferably rectangular meshes of the other, or
- screwable steel rods e.g. smooth steel with incised thread ends, or preferably threaded construction steel rods with flattened flanks;
- the marginal composite organs can be more numerous and smaller, e.g. only 2.5 mm high, so that a) the abrasion stress on the molded parts is reduced and the uniform compaction of the stone mass is better guaranteed, and b) any dimensional tolerances between composite elements (e.g. pimples that are too high. pans that are too shallow) are better distributed; It should also be noted that the advantageous design of concave composite elements as hollow wedges for wedging the concrete core and support shell
- REPLACEMENT LEAF stone walls or to expand the composite core cross-section is just as little known as an offset groove for shortening molded stone walls without destroying the vertical, vertical grouting half-channel - which is crucial for the assembly of finished parts - . or the possibility of making stones rotatable to create storage areas without convex connecting elements - which interfere with certain tasks, such as when placing dimensionally inaccurate falls, or finished ceiling parts - whereby the convex connecting elements of the upper storage area are accommodated in the offset grooves, and the smooth lower storage surface is swept up.
- REPLACEMENT LEAF Formwork blocks not only influence (is) the load-bearing capacity of the finished walls, but also (are of interest) for the susceptibility of the stones to damage during transport and laying, for the usability of the stones in the earth area (see DIN 1053 part 1, November 1st editions) 1974. Section 2.3.3.3., Paragraph 4: only masonry made of stones with compressive strengths ⁇ 5 N / mm may be used for the outer walls of the basement and plinths up to 50 cm above ground level) and for the other strength properties associated with the compressive strength, which allow the formwork blocks to be filled up to certain wall section heights with simultaneous mechanical compaction measures, without the stones being damaged (tearing, breaking).
- the dimensional stability of the stones is important for the strength of formwork stone walls, which is why the formwork stones usually have plane-milled bearing surfaces with nominal deviations of +/- 0.5 mm: these more precise fits, especially in the height and bearing surface area, are of a special design the masonry also influences the load-bearing capacity of the walls. From all of this it now follows that walls made of the formwork block made of sand-lime brick proposed according to the system with its relatively small dimensions and the resulting minimal dimensional tolerances of 0.1375 mm. as well as the stone strength classes of lime sandstone, which can be adapted to any concrete, and a flow concrete core will show incomparably higher compressive and fracture strengths from the outset than with conventional formwork stone walls.
- the shrinkage of concrete and lime sandstone is about the same;
- the elasticity of the lime sandstone is higher than that of the concrete, which is important for the outer shell under bending pressure and prevents premature shearing of the formwork stone walls.
- the monolithic bond between core concrete and formwork stone is already largely created on the bridges of the system-conforming stone, so that this alone justifies a new type of formwork stone, the tr ag-sch alen stone.
- ceilings are placed in normal masonry, e.g. in the form of beams, which replace one or more stones in the rear and whose heads end in the rear-ventilated, insulated area between the back and front wall (load distribution of the beams and the rest of the wall over intermediate stones and continuous horizontal reinforcement above and below the beams );
- insulation cuttings are inserted, which fill in a comb-like manner, preferably the upper horizontal channel and the vertical channels, and continue the profile of the positioning notches, so that a dense, toothed insulation filler ununo results, in which only the webs remain as cold bridges, this tightness is above all important for non-grouted masonry.
- this solution is only an optimized solution for lower insulation requirements and for space-saving, thin masonry, e.g. for houses that are not permanently occupied. such as. vacation homes, or southern climates. otherwise the double-shell construction is preferable.
- a very advantageous solution is the proposed gluing of insulation materials without thermal bridges in the case of adhesive insulation bricks, which is known per se and is only permitted up to eight meters in height due to wind forces.
- This problem is remedied by the proposed dowel made of a non-heat-conductive, aging-resistant material (glass fiber reinforced synthetic resin). Calcium silicate insulation materials are known. especially in fire protection. but not in integral connection with stones.
- the proposed articulated stones have the advantage that they can not only be used to achieve any curvature, but also straight and right-angled masonry , which also shows the quality of decorative masonry.
- articulated stone stones is particularly advantageous for the construction of protective walls, borders for flower beds, plant containers, plant terraces, because the stones can be reinforced to form earth pressure-resistant walls that do not have to be buried deeply into the earth like the usual palisades to get the necessary stability;
- Shaped stone components with each other and connecting them with foundations via the reinforcement and sleeves is unknown: screw and press-fitting sleeves are proven in on-site concrete construction; The proposed method is particularly useful if pillars, skeletons or walls of great height are to be erected, in which the ceilings will be hung later.
- uniaxial ceilings are known and common, eg made of lattice girders in conjunction with infill panels for the production of concrete ceilings, entire deeken slabs that are stiffened with lattice girders and can be used as lost formwork for in-situ concrete, reinforced hollow channel ceilings made of concrete, reinforced deeken slabs made of special bricks, panels.
- the invention also does not include the other variants of the buttress, the strapping design and the stiffened multi-shoe structures proposed here, which are merely a "light, double-shell ceiling or support structure with a fabric-free axis" or a filling with "large-scale perforation in” one of the two formwork surfaces "provides, the proposed reinforcements of the struts are important, however, when working with the thinnest possible wire or thin bending roll diameter, that is, an approximately sharp kink is to be achieved, so that the pressure and tensile force acting in the struts is as straight as possible be transferred to the belts, in each case the straightness of the struts is achieved with doubled belting, since the bend of the zigzag rods is usually outside the belt plane.
- the proposed variants also offer the advantages of biaxial or non-directional lightweight structures, which are stiffened by filigree, multi-layer construction with minimal, function-specific, differentiated material expenditure, as well as being fire and corrosion-protected, which can be installed without installation support and formwork expenditure and which are also advantageous connect with composite stone walls.
- Non-slip step gratings made from punch-deep-drawn perforated plate are also common are stiffened in one or two axes, which come close to the polyaxial arch profiles, but whose stiffening surface is undermined by the perforations.
- flat, so-called sandwich panels with insulating fillers have also been proposed or commercially available, and the state of the art also includes this the principle of the "stre ⁇ sed-skin-panel", mostly with honeycomb-shaped lamellas, rarely with stiffening panels made from a surface that is easy to deep-draw, in no case such panels that themselves are stiffened biaxially
- mirror-symmetrical pattern-rib-stripe panels made from serpentine-zigzag profiles, in which super-serpentine corrugated zigzag profiles are used, are particularly advantageous. e.g. made of sheet metal in connection with welded flat sheets, the principle of the stressed skin panel: 1. there is no straight line, e.g. with hump panels, in the one
- the consistently corrugated, sloping slats are excellent against pressure and shear forces;
- the advantageous properties of lightweight panels according to the system are further supported by the proposed stiffening fillings, be they heavy fillings in the extreme zones or foam fillings in the zero zone. which provide additional corrosion and fire protection.
- the basic advantage of light panels made of sheet metal is that the roof structure is significantly reduced and the assembly is simplified if you roll out a steel girder into sheet metal, making a panel with a span of several meters and so e.g. This saves trapezoidal sheets, which are usually designed as a useless weight between the supports. this design is particularly advantageous if lightweight panels are connected to undirected structures using expander rods.
- the proposed liquid-mechanical cycle deep-drawing process is comparable to the rubber-cushion deep-drawing or hydro-mec process, which, however, is not suitable for cycle deep-drawing and is significantly more prone to wear and tear (rubber wear , pressure chamber).
- the problems of tearing and crumpling that arise during mechanical deep drawing are minimized here, while a simultaneous corrosion protection coating of the panels integrates two work steps.
- the solution of the keba wedge head system is also bulky, the heads of which are welded all around, but no simultaneous fixation of both pipe ends by rotating the entire pipe. in particular, this shape allows very compact knots, since the usual external nut and the mounting space are not necessary for this.
- the wrapping of tubes with fins is known for heat exchanger purposes, but not in connection with double-shell tubes and the known hydraulic expansion method for the purpose of stiffening.
- spacers in an almost feather-nub-shaped design are known, but these spacers do not form joints that are adequately dimensioned for plant growth or heat exchanger pipes, see below for more details spacer pieces made of lei wood shavings or plastic, which have to be installed time-consuming by hand or cannot be moved by machine, the integration of the spacers in the stone represents an improvement.
- An opposite groove is unknown, which makes the plaster bandage immovable, Likewise, the shortening of the spring nub to nub, which gives the plaster bandage an articulation, is an improvement.
- joints can be formed by inserting absorber lines, lie in the fact that such a plaster is used both as an absorber to use, as well as for short term behe icing for defrosting, which increases absorber performance and road safety.
- ponds and water beds with heat exchanger lines can be built advantageously with joint stones by laying them in a trough-shaped and curved manner, provided with heat exchanger lines and, if necessary, with reinforcement and grouted with mortar, straight-axis troughs with a reinforced wall finish can be designed using masonry joint bricks (reinforcement network) or, for example tubs with a circular axis, the joints widening outwards;
- the structure lends itself to the fact that the joints of the stones make it easy to insert hoses and reinforcements, or if a storage pond floor is to be used for embankment and / or gehweq paving and if no expensive shotcrete machine is to be used.
- FIGURE LIST is a diagrammatic representation of FIGURE LIST
- the stronger, solid lines represent in all figures - except for fig 12 visible edges, the finer visible contour lines or boundaries of wave profiles or curves, the dashed lines show invisible contour lines, curve and wave boundaries and edges especially on the underside of the stones; in fig 12 dashed lines rounding u. Wave boundary lines, dotted invisible edges and boundary lines; hatching indicates cut areas or shadows.
- REPLACEMENT LEAF - fig 1 wall made of shell stones with polyaxial panel, underside and edge with sheet metal, top side with structural steel mat and concrete layer, filled with light bulk material. inserted into the wall via a steel binding element, which is placed on a T-egg in the middle
- - fig 2 wall made of central pebbles with lattice girder reinforced with a ceiling made of lattice panels with a concrete layer underneath and lattice girder-reinforced beams as self-supporting formwork for in-situ concrete grouting
- - fig 12 looks up on a rock with knobs, mortar cannulas, vertical filling channels, bars, positioning grooves and chamfer
- - fig 1 side view of a double-shell wall made of shell stones with reinforcement, insulation, composite element between the front and rear wall and the absorber lines inserted in the front wall
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Finishing Walls (AREA)
- Revetment (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Furnace Housings, Linings, Walls, And Ceilings (AREA)
- Conveying And Assembling Of Building Elements In Situ (AREA)
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT90909127T ATE103358T1 (de) | 1989-06-19 | 1990-06-19 | Formstein. |
EP93250255A EP0634534A1 (de) | 1989-06-19 | 1990-06-19 | Paneel |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE3920357 | 1989-06-19 | ||
DE3920357 | 1989-06-19 |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP93250255.2 Division-Into | 1993-09-18 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0479816A1 true EP0479816A1 (de) | 1992-04-15 |
EP0479816B1 EP0479816B1 (de) | 1994-03-23 |
Family
ID=6383262
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP90909127A Expired - Lifetime EP0479816B1 (de) | 1989-06-19 | 1990-06-19 | Formstein |
EP93250255A Withdrawn EP0634534A1 (de) | 1989-06-19 | 1990-06-19 | Paneel |
Family Applications After (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP93250255A Withdrawn EP0634534A1 (de) | 1989-06-19 | 1990-06-19 | Paneel |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (2) | EP0479816B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JPH07504240A (de) |
AU (1) | AU5819990A (de) |
CA (1) | CA2062722A1 (de) |
DD (1) | DD296522A5 (de) |
DE (1) | DE59005135D1 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2054359T3 (de) |
WO (1) | WO1990015905A2 (de) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US10358819B2 (en) | 2015-07-16 | 2019-07-23 | Yonathan TANAMI | Construction block, a wall structure comprising the same, and a method for manufacture of said construction block and of said wall structure |
Families Citing this family (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6939599B2 (en) | 1996-09-13 | 2005-09-06 | Brian H. Clark | Structural dimple panel |
US6004652A (en) * | 1996-09-13 | 1999-12-21 | Clark; Brian Hall | Structural dimple panel |
CN1323216C (zh) * | 2003-12-19 | 2007-06-27 | 宁波双联五金有限公司 | 一种保温空心砖及其框架式保温住宅建筑方法 |
ES2296493B1 (es) * | 2005-12-05 | 2009-03-16 | Carlos Perez Aranda | Ladrilleria polivalente. |
DE102008031523B4 (de) | 2008-07-03 | 2012-08-02 | Manfred Wahls | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Mauer-Dämmstoff-Verbandes |
BR102014024902A2 (pt) * | 2014-10-06 | 2016-05-24 | Manoel Joaquim Pereira Pinto | sistema construtivo com blocos de gesso para edificação de vedações internas e externas |
CN106378888B (zh) * | 2016-12-07 | 2018-10-02 | 苏州普瑞兹模型科技有限公司 | 一种塑料模型的生产加工工艺 |
FR3096379B1 (fr) * | 2019-05-21 | 2022-12-02 | Dominique Rossi | Elément de construction |
Family Cites Families (26)
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FR587765A (fr) * | 1924-01-12 | 1925-04-24 | Perfectionnements aux briques creuses | |
US2699599A (en) * | 1949-06-08 | 1955-01-18 | Haskelite Mfg Corp | Structural sheet |
US2738297A (en) * | 1952-06-10 | 1956-03-13 | Pfistershammer Joseph | Honeycomb-type structural materials and method of making same |
US2858247A (en) * | 1955-08-04 | 1958-10-28 | Swart Dev Company De | Panel material |
US3131789A (en) * | 1961-04-26 | 1964-05-05 | Budd Co | Non-cellular honeycomb structure |
US3154038A (en) * | 1963-02-05 | 1964-10-27 | Olin Mathieson | Method of embossing sheet metal |
DE1659206A1 (de) * | 1967-04-27 | 1971-02-11 | Regehr Ulrich | Profilbauelement und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung |
US3757481A (en) * | 1970-09-18 | 1973-09-11 | J Skinner | Monolithic structural member and systems therefor |
US3618279A (en) * | 1970-10-26 | 1971-11-09 | True F Sease | Building block |
DE2203206A1 (de) * | 1971-01-28 | 1972-08-10 | Mario Panontin | Warzenplatte mit offenen Zellen,zur Herstellung von Bauplatten,Waenden u.dgl. geeignet,sowie Verfahren zur Herstellung derselben |
US3950585A (en) * | 1972-11-17 | 1976-04-13 | Hale Jesse R | Sandwich panel structure |
US3876492A (en) * | 1973-05-21 | 1975-04-08 | Lawrence A Schott | Reinforced cellular panel construction |
DE2420864C2 (de) * | 1974-04-30 | 1984-02-16 | Rolf D. 3167 Burgdorf Jachmann | Knotenpunktverbindung für lösbar miteinander verbindbare, zylinderförmige Stäbe |
DE2736921A1 (de) * | 1977-08-16 | 1979-03-01 | Borsdorf Heinz Dipl Ing | Biegebeanspruchtes mauerwerk |
US4314431A (en) * | 1979-12-31 | 1982-02-09 | S & M Block System Of U.S. Corporation | Mortar-less interlocking building block system |
GB2085502A (en) * | 1980-01-22 | 1982-04-28 | Transfloors Pty Ltd | Building units for forming permanent formwork |
IT1129828B (it) * | 1980-11-10 | 1986-06-11 | Keybrick System Srl | Sistema di costruzione edilizia |
DE3125367A1 (de) * | 1981-06-27 | 1983-01-20 | Vereinigte Flugtechnische Werke Gmbh, 2800 Bremen | "verfahren zur umformung von blechteilen sowie vorrichtung zur durchfuehrung des verfahrens" |
US4622796A (en) * | 1981-12-30 | 1986-11-18 | Aziz Edward M | Structural connection for cavity wall construction |
DE3344038A1 (de) * | 1983-12-06 | 1985-07-25 | Jürgen Dipl.-Ing. 6607 Quierschied Unterländer | Stahlblechverbundtragsysteme |
EP0146667A2 (de) * | 1983-12-29 | 1985-07-03 | Regeltechnische Geräte P. Lüthge GmbH | Hohlbaustein |
US4741139A (en) * | 1985-10-02 | 1988-05-03 | Henry Fred Campbell | Prefabricated building panel |
FR2593211B1 (fr) * | 1986-01-22 | 1989-03-03 | Parriaux Claude | Element de construction par assemblage du type " double cloison " avec " vide-sanitaire " |
WO1987005262A1 (fr) * | 1986-03-10 | 1987-09-11 | Hiroo Ichikawa | Corps compose ondule et appareil et procede pour sa fabrication |
US4789264A (en) * | 1986-09-25 | 1988-12-06 | Galan Inchaurbe Jose M J | Pipe socket connection for a spacial structure |
FR2609483A1 (fr) * | 1987-01-13 | 1988-07-15 | Derozieres Daniel | Maison d'habitation a isolation thermique amelioree |
-
1990
- 1990-06-19 ES ES90909127T patent/ES2054359T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-06-19 EP EP90909127A patent/EP0479816B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-06-19 WO PCT/DE1990/000472 patent/WO1990015905A2/de active IP Right Grant
- 1990-06-19 DE DE90909127T patent/DE59005135D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-06-19 EP EP93250255A patent/EP0634534A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 1990-06-19 AU AU58199/90A patent/AU5819990A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1990-06-19 CA CA002062722A patent/CA2062722A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1990-06-19 DD DD90341825A patent/DD296522A5/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-06-19 JP JP2508614A patent/JPH07504240A/ja active Pending
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO9015905A3 * |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US10358819B2 (en) | 2015-07-16 | 2019-07-23 | Yonathan TANAMI | Construction block, a wall structure comprising the same, and a method for manufacture of said construction block and of said wall structure |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO1990015905A3 (de) | 1991-06-13 |
ES2054359T3 (es) | 1994-08-01 |
JPH07504240A (ja) | 1995-05-11 |
DD296522A5 (de) | 1991-12-05 |
CA2062722A1 (en) | 1990-12-20 |
DE59005135D1 (de) | 1994-04-28 |
EP0479816B1 (de) | 1994-03-23 |
AU5819990A (en) | 1991-01-08 |
EP0634534A1 (de) | 1995-01-18 |
WO1990015905A2 (de) | 1990-12-27 |
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