EP0474915B1 - Détergent - Google Patents

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Publication number
EP0474915B1
EP0474915B1 EP90124033A EP90124033A EP0474915B1 EP 0474915 B1 EP0474915 B1 EP 0474915B1 EP 90124033 A EP90124033 A EP 90124033A EP 90124033 A EP90124033 A EP 90124033A EP 0474915 B1 EP0474915 B1 EP 0474915B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
liquid
foam
low
mixtures
carbon atoms
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP90124033A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0474915A1 (fr
EP0474915B2 (fr
Inventor
Dieter Dr. Balzer
Rudolf Beck
Willi Gasber
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sasol Germany GmbH
Wintershall Dea International AG
Original Assignee
Huels AG
Chemische Werke Huels AG
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/0005—Other compounding ingredients characterised by their effect
    • C11D3/0026—Low foaming or foam regulating compositions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D10/00—Compositions of detergents, not provided for by one single preceding group
    • C11D10/04—Compositions of detergents, not provided for by one single preceding group based on mixtures of surface-active non-soap compounds and soap
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D10/00—Compositions of detergents, not provided for by one single preceding group
    • C11D10/04—Compositions of detergents, not provided for by one single preceding group based on mixtures of surface-active non-soap compounds and soap
    • C11D10/045—Compositions of detergents, not provided for by one single preceding group based on mixtures of surface-active non-soap compounds and soap based on non-ionic surface-active compounds and soap
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
    • C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
    • C11D1/662—Carbohydrates or derivatives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
    • C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
    • C11D1/72—Ethers of polyoxyalkylene glycols

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to liquid or powdery preparations for washing textiles, the surfactants of which are largely produced from renewable raw materials.
  • Liquid detergents today mainly consist of anionic surfactants, especially alkylbenzenesulfonate, fatty alcohol oxyethylate and soap, whereas washing powders contain not only the surfactants alkylbenzenesulfonate and fatty alcohol oxyethylate, but also builder substances, bleaching agents and other electrolytes as essential active ingredients.
  • surfactants in particular those based on petrochemicals, are used.
  • the object of the invention was therefore to find a surfactant combination for low-foaming detergents which are largely made from renewable raw materials and which, in addition to very good washing results, are outstandingly biodegradable.
  • surfactant combination consisting essentially of alkyl polyglycosides, fatty alcohol oxyethylates and soap.
  • alkyl polyglycoside in combination with fatty alcohol oxyethylates and also with anionic surfactants is known per se.
  • DE-OS 593 422 already mentions the washing effect-enhancing effect of alkylglycoside in soaps.
  • Later documents such as EP-A 0 075 994, 075 995, 075 996, 094 118 and 317 614 describe the use of alkyl polyglycoside in combination with anionic and / or nonionic surfactants in detergents.
  • the alkyl polyglycoside used is a mixture of at least 2 components which, on the one hand, differ greatly in terms of the chain length of their alkyl groups and, on the other hand, are used in different concentrations.
  • the main components are alkyl polyglycosides, the alkyl groups of which contain 12 to 18 carbon atoms; Secondary components are those whose alkyl group contains 7 to 11 carbon atoms. According to the invention in the above.
  • the surfactant content is a short-chain alkyl polyglycoside content of 1 to 10% and a long-chain content of 2 to 20%.
  • fatty alcohol oxyethylates and other surfactants in small amounts, complexing agents, bleaching agents, optical brighteners, graying inhibitors, corrosion inhibitors, foam regulators, stabilizers, enzymes, enzyme stabilizers, electrolytes, hydrotropic substances, solubilizers, etc.
  • the alkyl polyglycosides used according to the invention can be produced by known processes based on renewable raw materials.
  • dextrose is reacted with n-butanol to give butylpolyglycoside mixtures in the presence of an acidic catalyst, which are transglycosidated with long-chain alcohols, likewise in the presence of an acidic catalyst, to give the desired alkylpolyglycoside mixtures.
  • dextrose is immediately reacted with the desired long-chain alcohol.
  • the structure of the products can be varied within certain limits.
  • the alkyl radical R or R ' is determined by the choice of the long-chain alcohol.
  • Favorable for economic reasons are the industrially accessible alcohols with 7 to 18 carbon atoms, in particular native alcohols from the hydrogenation of carboxylic acids or carboxylic acid derivatives.
  • Ziegler alcohols or oxo alcohols can also be used.
  • the polyglycosyl radicals Z n and Z ' m are determined on the one hand by the selection of the carbohydrate and on the other hand by setting the average degree of polymerization n or m. B. according to DE-OS 19 43 689.
  • polysaccharides e.g. B. starch, maltodextrins, dextrose, galactose, mannose, xylose, etc.
  • the industrially available carbohydrates starch, maltodextrins and especially dextrose are preferred.
  • alkyl polyglycosides are always mixtures of oligomers, which in turn represent mixtures of different isomeric forms. They are present side by side with a- and ß-glycosidic bonds in pyranose and furanose form. The junctions between two Saccachrid residues are also different.
  • Alkyl polyglycosides used according to the invention can also be prepared by mixing alkyl polyglycosides with alkyl monoglycosides.
  • the latter can e.g. B. according to EP-A 0 092 355 using polar solvents, such as acetone, from alkyl polyglycosides.
  • polar solvents such as acetone
  • the degree of glycosidation is expediently determined by means of 1 H-NMR.
  • the detergents according to the invention contain 1 to 10% short-chain alkyl polyglycoside, preferably 2 - 8%, and 2 - 20% long-chain alkyl polyglycoside, preferably 3 - 15%, the ratio of short-chain to long-chain fraction 1:10 to 2: 1, preferably 2: Is 10 to 1: 1.
  • the alkyl polyglycosides are considered to be extremely environmentally compatible.
  • the degree of biodegradation for the alkyl polyglycosides according to the invention determined by means of a sewage plant simulation model / DOC analysis, is 96 ⁇ 3%. This number can be seen against the background that with this test method (total degradation) a degree of degradation 70% already indicates that the substance is readily degradable.
  • the acute oral toxicity LD 50 (rat) with> 10,000 mg / kg as well as the aquatic toxicity LC 50 (gold orfe) with approx. 12 mg / I and EC 50 (daphnia) with 30 mg / I are by a factor of 3 to 5 cheaper than the corresponding values of today's most important surfactants. The same applies to skin and mucous membrane compatibility.
  • the compounds are generally prepared by addition of ethylene oxide onto longer-chain alcohols in the presence of basic or acidic catalysts.
  • basic or acidic catalysts For economic reasons, commercially available alcohols with 8 to 22 carbon atoms from the hydrogenation of carboxylic acids or carboxylic acid derivatives are favorable.
  • Ziegler alcohols or oxo alcohols can also be used.
  • the alcohol oxyethylates are known to be readily biodegradable; Their data regarding aquatoxicity, skin and mucous membrane compatibility are also favorable.
  • the detergents according to the invention contain 3 to 30% fatty alcohol oxyethylates, which can also be mixtures. A content of 5 to 20% is preferred.
  • Fatty acid salts or their acids according to the invention correspond to formula IV in which R '"is a saturated or unsaturated alkyl radical having 8 to 22 carbon atoms and P being hydrogen, alkali, ammonium or alkanolammonium.
  • the detergents according to the invention contain 5 to 30%, preferably 7 to 20% soap, which will usually be a mixture of different components.
  • anionic, nonionic, zwitterionic and ampholytic surfactants are to be used.
  • these are alkanesulfonates, olefinsulfonates, alkylbenzenesulfonates, a-sulfofatty acid esters, fatty alcohol sulfates, fatty alcohol ether sulfates, sulfosuccinic esters, fatty acid alkanolamides, amine oxides, betaines, sulfobetaines, etc.
  • Builders are primarily to be mentioned as non-surfactant components.
  • water-soluble builders such as different polyphosphates, phosphonates, carbonates, polycarboxylates, citrates, polyacetates such as NTA and EDTA, etc. or mixtures thereof are used. These compounds are usually used as alkali salts, preferably as sodium salts. Although not complexing, sodium sulfate should also be mentioned here.
  • water-insoluble builders such as aluminosilicates of suitable particle size, is also according to the invention (cf. EP-A 0 075 994).
  • the concentration of the builders in the detergent is 0 to 70%, preferably 0 to 50%.
  • Bleaching agents such as sodium perborate, optionally combined with bleach activators such as tetraacetylethylene diamine etc. or percarbonate, are also used according to the invention; Other bleaching agents are of course also possible (cf. K. Engel, Tenside Surfactants 25, p. 21 (1988).
  • concentration of the bleaching agents is 0 to 40%, preferably 0 to 30%.
  • Adjusting agents such as low molecular weight monohydric or dihydric alcohols, alkyl ethers of polyhydric alcohols, hydrotropics such as alkylbenzenesulfonates with 1 to 3 carbon atoms in the alkyl radical, alkanolamines or urea, enzymes such as in particular proteases and enzyme stabilizers, corrosion inhibitors such as alkali silicates, optical are optionally used according to the invention
  • the total use concentration in the machine detergents according to the invention is 0.3-20 g / l for the surfactant fraction. 0.5-10 g / l are preferred.
  • the invention is illustrated by the following examples.
  • the liquid detergent formulations listed in Table 1 each contain 6% triethanolamine, 12% ethanol, 6% 1,2-propylene glycol and water ad 100% in addition to the surfactant components mentioned according to the invention.
  • the powders listed in Tab. 2 contain, in addition to the surfactant constituents mentioned according to the invention, each 10% sodium perborate, 4.5% Na, Mg silicate, 14% Na 2 SO 4 , 24% Wessalith P, 3% Sokalan CP 5, 8 % Na 2 CO 3 , 3.5% TAED and 0.4% phosphonate.
  • the foaming power was determined in accordance with DIN 53 902, Part 1.
  • the concentration of detergent substance was 1 g / I in each case, the foam volume was registered after 5 minutes.
  • the washability was measured both in the Linitest laboratory washing machine (i.e. with moderate mechanical stress) and in a normal household washing machine, and the foam development was also checked, which corresponded approximately to the DIN values.
  • Tab. 1 shows the comparison of the properties of the detergents according to the invention as a liquid formulation with those of other known combinations and with a liquid brand detergent, in which one can presuppose a formulation optimization.
  • the clear point and viscosity correspond approximately to the standard customary for liquid detergents.
  • the foaming power of the formulations according to the invention shows favorable values without further regulating additives. This applies in particular to the washing ability.
  • the detergents according to the invention behave far superior in their washing activity.
  • Tab. 2 shows the comparison of the properties of powdery detergent formulations according to the invention with those of a known combination or with a branded detergent. Bulk density and foaming power were determined according to DIN methods.
  • the solubility can be estimated by plotting the electrical conductivity over time, 80% of an average final conductivity being taken as the measured value when 3 g powder is dissolved in 800 ml drinking water (13 ° dH).
  • the measured values contain an error of ⁇ 5%.
  • the powders according to the invention behave very similarly and have a much better washing value.

Claims (8)

1. Détergent liquide ou pulvérulent pour machine, à faible pouvoir moussant, renfermant
3 à 30 % d'un alkyl-poly-glycoside,
3 à 30 % d'un oxéthylat d'alcool gras,
5 à 30 % de savon, et
0 à 5 % d'autres surfactifs,
caractérisé en ce que l'alkyl-poly-glycoside renferme un mélange constitué par au moins deux composants des formules (I) et (II)
Figure imgb0019
Figure imgb0020
dans lesquelles R représente un radical alkyle linéaire ou ramifié, saturé ou non-saturé, comportant de 8 à 11 atomes de carbone, ou de mélanges de ceux-ci, Zn représente un radical poly-glycosyle avec n = 1 à 3 unités hexose ou pentose ou des mélanges de ceux-ci, R' représente un radical alkyle linéaire ou ramifié, saturé ou non-saturé, comportant de 12 à 18 atomes de carbone ou des mélanges de ceux-ci et Z'm représente un radical poly-glycosyle avec m = 1 à 3 unités hexose ou pentose ou des mélanges de ceux-ci.
2. Détergent liquide ou pulvérulent, à faible pouvoir moussant, selon la revendication 1 ,
caractérisé en ce que les composants alkyl-poly-glycoside selon la formule (I) ou la formule (II) sont utilisés dans une proportion de 1 : 10 à 2 : 1.
3. Détergent liquide ou pulvérulent, à faible pouvoir moussant, selon les revendications 1 et 2,
caractérisé en ce que les alkyl-poly-glycosides sont des glucosides d'alcool gras avec n = 1,1 à 2 et m = 1,1 à 2.
4. Détergent liquide ou pulvérulent, à faible pouvoir moussant, selon les revendications 1 à 3,
caractérisé en ce que l'oxéthylat d'alcool gras de la formule (III) répond à la formule
Figure imgb0021
dans laquelle R" représente un radical alkyle linéaire ou ramifié, saturé ou non-saturé, comportant de 8 à 22 atomes de carbone, et x a une valeur de 2 à 20.
5. Détergent liquide ou pulvérulent, à faible pouvoir moussant, selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que R" dans la formule (III) représente un radical alkyle comportant de 10 à 20 atomes de carbone et x a une valeur de 3 à 15.
6. Détergent liquide ou pulvérulent, à faible pouvoir moussant, selon les revendications 1 à 5,
caractérisé en ce que le savon de la formule (IV) répond à la formule
Figure imgb0022
dans laquelle R'" représente un radical alkyle saturé ou non-saturé, comportant de 8 à 22 atomes de carbone, et P représente de l'hydrogène, un alcali, de l'ammonium ou un alcanol-ammonium.
7. Détergent liquide ou pulvérulent, à faible pouvoir moussant, selon les revendications 1 à 6,
caractérisé en ce que comme constituants non-surfactifs, sont contenus des épaississants, des agents de blanchiment, des agents de fixage, des enzymes, des stabilisants, des inhibiteurs de grisaille, des inhibiteurs de corrosion, des éclaircissants optiques, des colorants, des huiles parfumées et éventuellement d'autres additifs.
8. Détergent liquide ou pulvérulent, à faible pouvoir moussant, selon les revendications 1 à 7,
caractérisé en ce que la concentration de la fraction surfactive est de 0,3 à 20 g par litre.
EP90124033A 1990-09-13 1990-12-13 Détergent Expired - Lifetime EP0474915B2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4029035A DE4029035A1 (de) 1990-09-13 1990-09-13 Waschmittel
DE4029035 1990-09-13

Publications (3)

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EP0474915A1 EP0474915A1 (fr) 1992-03-18
EP0474915B1 true EP0474915B1 (fr) 1995-06-21
EP0474915B2 EP0474915B2 (fr) 1998-06-10

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EP90124033A Expired - Lifetime EP0474915B2 (fr) 1990-09-13 1990-12-13 Détergent

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Country Link
US (1) US5370816A (fr)
EP (1) EP0474915B2 (fr)
JP (1) JP3132731B2 (fr)
AT (1) ATE124084T1 (fr)
CA (1) CA2051189A1 (fr)
DE (2) DE4029035A1 (fr)
DK (1) DK0474915T3 (fr)
ES (1) ES2076285T5 (fr)
GR (2) GR3017036T3 (fr)
NO (1) NO178232C (fr)

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US5118440A (en) * 1990-03-05 1992-06-02 The Procter & Gamble Company Light-duty liquid dishwashing detergent composition containing alkyl polysaccharide and alpha-sulfonated fatty acid alkyl ester surfactants
DE4029035A1 (de) * 1990-09-13 1992-03-19 Huels Chemische Werke Ag Waschmittel

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JP3132731B2 (ja) 2001-02-05
NO913615L (no) 1992-03-16
CA2051189A1 (fr) 1992-03-14
DE4029035A1 (de) 1992-03-19
EP0474915A1 (fr) 1992-03-18
GR3017036T3 (en) 1995-11-30
DK0474915T3 (da) 1995-11-20
GR3027759T3 (en) 1998-11-30
ATE124084T1 (de) 1995-07-15
NO178232C (no) 1996-02-14
NO178232B (no) 1995-11-06
ES2076285T5 (es) 1998-11-01
DE59009299D1 (de) 1995-07-27
US5370816A (en) 1994-12-06
NO913615D0 (no) 1991-09-12
ES2076285T3 (es) 1995-11-01
EP0474915B2 (fr) 1998-06-10
JPH04234499A (ja) 1992-08-24

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