EP0470436A2 - Rouleau de presse-tôle pour la suppression des brames dans une presse à refouler - Google Patents
Rouleau de presse-tôle pour la suppression des brames dans une presse à refouler Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0470436A2 EP0470436A2 EP91112376A EP91112376A EP0470436A2 EP 0470436 A2 EP0470436 A2 EP 0470436A2 EP 91112376 A EP91112376 A EP 91112376A EP 91112376 A EP91112376 A EP 91112376A EP 0470436 A2 EP0470436 A2 EP 0470436A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- slab
- roller
- channels
- rollers
- inlet
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 230000001603 reducing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000008719 thickening Effects 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003079 width control Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000284 resting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- IHQKEDIOMGYHEB-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium dimethylarsinate Chemical class [Na+].C[As](C)([O-])=O IHQKEDIOMGYHEB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B15/00—Arrangements for performing additional metal-working operations specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, metal-rolling mills
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F5/00—Elements specially adapted for movement
- F28F5/02—Rotary drums or rollers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B15/00—Arrangements for performing additional metal-working operations specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, metal-rolling mills
- B21B15/0035—Forging or pressing devices as units
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B27/00—Rolls, roll alloys or roll fabrication; Lubricating, cooling or heating rolls while in use
- B21B27/06—Lubricating, cooling or heating rolls
- B21B27/08—Lubricating, cooling or heating rolls internally
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B39/00—Arrangements for moving, supporting, or positioning work, or controlling its movement, combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, metal-rolling mills
- B21B39/006—Pinch roll sets
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J1/00—Preparing metal stock or similar ancillary operations prior, during or post forging, e.g. heating or cooling
- B21J1/04—Shaping in the rough solely by forging or pressing
Definitions
- the invention relates to an upsetting press for reducing the width of rolled material, in particular for reducing the slab width in hot wide strip roughing mills, with tool carriers accommodating pressing tools arranged on both sides of the slab edge.
- a compression press of the type mentioned at the outset is known, for example, from European Patent 0 112 516 and comprises a pair of pressing tools which are arranged on both broad sides of a slab feed line in such a way that their pressing surfaces point towards one another for pressing a slab.
- a vibration unit vibrates the pressing tools.
- This known upsetting press further comprises a width control unit for controlling the position of the pressing tool in the slab width direction and a control which detects that the front end of the slab is arranged between the parallel surfaces of the pressing tools and which then actuates the width control device and, after carrying out a predetermined pressing, the vibration unit .
- This press is intended to improve the compression effect with regard to the shape and surface of the slab.
- a device for substantially reducing the width of metallic slabs consisting of a pair of processing tools that work in the plane of the slab and detect the slab on opposite edges.
- a strong pressing force is generated by a hydraulic drive, which is connected to each of the processing tools, by means of which the width of the slab is reduced.
- An actuator which is connected to each processing tool, controls their relative distance from one another so that a slab of the desired thickness can be produced.
- the slab is gripped in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the pressing tools by a punch arranged above and below the slab in order to retain local thickenings of the workpiece, while the width of the slab is reduced by upsetting.
- the relative distance between the punches and the slab surface can be changed.
- the slabs still have temperatures of around 800 ° C and above on their metallic surface in the upsetting press.
- hold-down devices which are intended to hold back local thickening of the slab during the upsetting process, have to be permanently in contact with the slab surface in a continuously operating upsetting press and are exposed to high temperatures there, which is why they have to be cooled.
- Untargeted water cooling of the hold-down devices cannot be used because the thickening of the slab on the side prevents the cooling water from running off when it is compressed at the side; an evaporating water surface forms on the slab surface, which leads to strong uncontrolled local cooling.
- Different local cooling of the slab not only has a negative impact on the slab compression process in the upsetting press, but also has an increasingly negative effect in the subsequent horizontal stands for reducing the thickness of the rolling stock.
- the object of the invention is to protect the conveying devices or hold-down devices for the red-hot slab, which come into permanent contact with the hot slab surface, in particular in the case of a continuously operating upsetting press, against the effects of the high temperatures as a result of direct heat transfer or heat radiation, and to locally cool the slab during to avoid the upsetting process.
- the invention is characterized in that the upsetting press in the area between the pressing tools has at least one height-adjustable holding roller arranged above and below the slab, in that driving rollers are arranged above and below the slab in the inlet and outlet area of the upsetting press and that holding rollers and driver rollers are provided with internal cooling.
- the temperature on the surface of the rolls can be kept at approximately 550 to 650 ° C., that is to say below a maximum permissible temperature at which a risk to roll material and roll storage can be excluded.
- the internal cooling of the holding rollers and driving rollers it is also avoided that the slab is locally too strong is cooled, which would be the case with direct water cooling. The result of the measures mentioned thus leads to greater operational reliability of the machine elements guiding the slab in the upsetting press and to a more uniform and shock-reduced upsetting process between the pressing tools and between the rollers of the downstream horizontal rolling stands.
- the bearing housing of the holding roller and driving roller are additionally provided with internal cooling.
- a particularly advantageous embodiment of the internal cooling of the holding roller and driver roller consists in the fact that cooling channels are arranged in each of these rollers with axially extending inlet and outlet channels and with a plurality of peripheral peripheral channels in the peripheral region of the rollers and essentially parallel to the rolling surfaces of the rollers and with connecting channels between the inlet and outlet channels and the horizontal channels.
- cooling channels are arranged in each of these rollers with axially extending inlet and outlet channels and with a plurality of peripheral peripheral channels in the peripheral region of the rollers and essentially parallel to the rolling surfaces of the rollers and with connecting channels between the inlet and outlet channels and the horizontal channels.
- a further embodiment of the invention provides that at least the holding roller consists of an inner hub part provided with a bearing pin and an outer hollow cylindrical roller that can be connected to the hub part, and that the hub part or the roller inside has circumferential annular grooves, of which connecting channels to the horizontal channels or go to the inlet and outlet channels. If, due to the choice of material, for constructional reasons or for strength considerations, the holding roller or the driver roller should also be constructed in several parts, the solution proposed here nevertheless ensures the internal cooling of the rollers.
- the lower driver roller can be driven in the inlet area of the upsetting press and that the upper and lower driver rollers can be driven in the outlet area of the upsetting press.
- the inlet and outlet channels for the coolant are advantageously designed as a spaced double tube opposite the drive side, running in the middle of the axis, the inner tube being the inlet channel and the outer tube being the outlet channel, which is connected to the horizontal channels via connecting channels. In this way, the coolant can be guided in the shortest possible way to the peripheral horizontal channels that cool the roll surface.
- the double-tube arrangement thus also allows perfect cooling of the driven driver roller.
- the upset press is a flying upset press for reducing the width of slabs in a hot wide strip roughing mill, the slabs being connected almost continuously by one of the upset press Slab caster are fed.
- the upset press has horizontal scaffolding stands; a crankcase, which receives the crank mechanism, is adjustably guided in the scaffold stand. The crankcase is adjusted using a mechanical adjustment. Pressing tools are arranged on both sides of the slab; the pressing tool has a crank drive acting perpendicularly to the slab and a feed drive acting in the tangential direction, that is to say parallel to the slab.
- the movement sequences of the crank drive and feed drive are synchronized in accordance with the feed movement of the slab.
- the pressing tool is adjusted in rapid succession to the speed of the slab, sets (without relative movement to the slab) perpendicular to the slab edge, compresses the slab sideways and is then moved back laterally at a distance from the slab.
- Figure 1 shows that the upsetting press in the area between the pressing tools above and below the slab 1 has height-adjustable holding rollers 2, that in the inlet area 3 and in the outfeed area 4 of the upsetting press driving rollers 5 are arranged above and below the slab, and that holding rollers 2 and driving rollers 5 are provided with internal cooling, which is shown in more detail in FIGS. 2 and 3.
- the two holding rollers 2 are arranged approximately in the center of the slab width and seen in the slab feed direction 6 one behind the other and are vertically displaceable in a holding frame 7 and vertical guides 8 held.
- the holding frame 7 and the adjusting device 9 for the height shifting of the holding rollers are connected to a crossbar 10, which in each case rests firmly on the upper or lower spars 11, 11 'of the horizontal stand of the upsetting press.
- the driver rollers 5 are held in a swivel arm 12, the pivot pins of which are arranged on a vertical crossbar 13.
- the vertical crossbar is screwed firmly to the upper spars 11 and to the lower spars 11 'of the scaffold stand and is located laterally outside the infeed roller table 14 and the outfeed roller table 15 for the slab 1.
- the lower drive roller 5 can be driven and in the outfeed area Both the upper and the lower driver roller can be driven in the upsetting press.
- the slab 1 is continuously and controllably controlled in speed through the press and thus through the area of action of the pressing tools.
- the holding rollers 2 resting on the surface of the slab at the top and bottom, thickening or deflection of the slab upwards or downwards is avoided.
- both the holding rollers and the driving rollers are driven permanently and sometimes with considerable pressure against the hot slab surface, which still has a temperature of approx. 1050 to 1280 ° C., and roll there. So that the slab maintains a temperature that is as uniform as possible and so that the holding rolls and driving rolls are protected against the contact heat with the slab and against its radiant heat, the rolls mentioned are provided with internal cooling, the design of which is described below.
- FIG. 2 shows a holding roller 2, which consists of an inner hub part 17 provided with a bearing pin 16 and an outer hollow cylindrical roller 18 which can be connected to the hub part, the hub part on the outside or the roller on the inside having circumferential annular grooves 19, of which connecting channels 20 the horizontal channels 21 or to the inlet channels 22 or outlet channels 23.
- the inlet and outlet channels run axially.
- a plurality of the horizontal channels 21 are arranged peripherally evenly distributed in the circumferential area of the rollers and essentially parallel to their run-off surfaces 24.
- the bearing housing of the holding roller in particular its bearing cover 25 pointing to the slab surface, is additionally provided with internal cooling, which in the present case is shaped into an elongated cooling pocket 26.
- the connections for the coolant are not shown in detail.
- the coolant flows through the cooling channels in the direction of the arrows shown.
- the cooling device for the holding roller and the cooling device for its bearing housing or bearing cover are connected to one another by pipes, which are not shown in detail, but can correspond to conventional pipeline construction. It can be seen that the arrangement of the coolant channels designed in this way ensures optimal internal cooling of the holding rollers, in particular the rolling surfaces of the holding rollers that are in contact with the high-temperature slab surface.
- FIG. 3 shows the design of the coolant channels in the driven driver roller 5, the inlet and outlet channels 22, 23 being designed as a spaced double tube 27 opposite the drive side and running in the middle of the axis, the inner tube 28 being the inlet channel and the outer tube 29 is the outlet channel, which is connected to the horizontal channels 21 via the connecting channels 20.
- the bearing cover 25 are provided with an internal cooling, as in the holding roller 2, which is shaped as a cooling pocket 26.
- the coolant is supplied with the coolant via the coolant connection 30, from which a pipe connection to the bearing cover 25 extends.
- the object on which the invention is based is achieved in full by avoiding the slab from deflecting or bulging during a continuous width reduction and preventing uncontrolled local cooling of the slab, which would always occur if instead of that According to the invention provided internal cooling of the holding rollers and the driver rollers, an open water cooling would be carried out
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Forging (AREA)
- Metal Rolling (AREA)
- Press Drives And Press Lines (AREA)
- Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE4025389A DE4025389C2 (de) | 1990-08-10 | 1990-08-10 | Gekühlte Förder- bzw. Niederhaltevorrichtung für eine Stauchpresse zur Breitenreduktion von Walzgut |
DE4025389 | 1990-08-10 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0470436A2 true EP0470436A2 (fr) | 1992-02-12 |
EP0470436A3 EP0470436A3 (en) | 1992-04-08 |
EP0470436B1 EP0470436B1 (fr) | 1994-12-14 |
Family
ID=6412015
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP91112376A Expired - Lifetime EP0470436B1 (fr) | 1990-08-10 | 1991-07-24 | Rouleau de presse-tôle pour la suppression des brames dans une presse à refouler |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5313813A (fr) |
EP (1) | EP0470436B1 (fr) |
KR (1) | KR920004049A (fr) |
CN (1) | CN1034634C (fr) |
AT (1) | ATE115443T1 (fr) |
DE (2) | DE4025389C2 (fr) |
ES (1) | ES2066288T3 (fr) |
RU (1) | RU1831386C (fr) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2005123293A1 (fr) * | 2004-06-16 | 2005-12-29 | Danieli & C. Officine Meccaniche S.P.A. | Dispositif de changement de vitesse d'une barre |
WO2008067886A1 (fr) * | 2006-12-09 | 2008-06-12 | Sms Siemag Ag | Galet d'entraînement, notamment pour rognage à la cisaille |
CN103785689A (zh) * | 2014-02-12 | 2014-05-14 | 武汉科技大学 | 一种基于导热油的恒温轧辊 |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR100548606B1 (ko) | 1997-09-16 | 2006-01-31 | 이시카와지마-하리마 주고교 가부시키가이샤 | 판 두께 줄임 압연방법과, 판 두께 줄임 압연장치 및 그 방법 |
US7137283B2 (en) | 1997-10-14 | 2006-11-21 | Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Industries Co., Ltd. | Plate reduction press apparatus and methods |
US6971174B2 (en) | 2003-01-08 | 2005-12-06 | Alcoa Inc. | Method of manufacturing a caster roll |
US6892793B2 (en) * | 2003-01-08 | 2005-05-17 | Alcoa Inc. | Caster roll |
KR101878872B1 (ko) * | 2015-03-20 | 2018-07-16 | 제이디씨 가부시키가이샤 | 슬릿 스트립의 권취 장력 부여 장치 |
CN113333472B (zh) * | 2021-08-08 | 2021-10-12 | 常州市坚力橡胶有限公司 | 一种橡胶轧辊及其装配的机床 |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE683932C (de) * | 1937-12-24 | 1939-11-18 | Kleinewefers Soehne J | Heiz- und kuehlbare Walze, insbesondere fuer Papier- und Textilkalander |
DE2017306A1 (fr) * | 1969-04-17 | 1970-10-29 | ||
EP0112516A2 (fr) * | 1982-12-01 | 1984-07-04 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Dispositif pour réduire la largeur de brame |
DE3819391A1 (de) * | 1987-06-15 | 1989-01-05 | Escher Wyss Gmbh | Vorrichtung mit einer mit einem waermetraegermedium beheizten arbeitsflaeche |
DE3837643A1 (de) * | 1988-11-05 | 1990-05-10 | Schloemann Siemag Ag | Stauchpresse zur schrittweisen querschnittsaenderung von strangfoermigen metallkoerpern, bspw. brammen |
DE3900668A1 (de) * | 1989-01-09 | 1990-07-12 | Mannesmann Ag | Presse zum seitlichen stauchen von werkstuecken, insbesondere brammenstauchpresse |
Family Cites Families (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3446275A (en) * | 1966-09-10 | 1969-05-27 | Tokyo Shibaura Electric Co | Cooled roller |
US3604237A (en) * | 1967-04-03 | 1971-09-14 | Takao Kawanami | Work rolls and cooling method thereof |
AT359671B (de) * | 1978-06-23 | 1980-11-25 | Voest Alpine Ag | Treibwalzengeruest fuer eine stranggiessanlage |
AT368442B (de) * | 1981-01-26 | 1982-10-11 | Alber Franz | Anschlusstutzen |
JPS57165355U (fr) * | 1981-04-13 | 1982-10-18 | ||
US4506727A (en) * | 1982-06-14 | 1985-03-26 | Usm Corporation | Converted temperature control roll |
FI67726C (fi) * | 1983-01-27 | 1985-05-10 | Outokumpu Oy | Anordning foer uppbaerande av foer behandling avsett material vid kontinuerligt arbetande vaermebehandlingsugnar |
US4603729A (en) * | 1983-06-17 | 1986-08-05 | Kabushiki Kaisha Kobe Seiko Sho | Piping assembly for use in roll section of continuous casting line |
JPS60121001A (ja) * | 1983-12-02 | 1985-06-28 | Hitachi Ltd | 幅圧延装置 |
JPH0192401A (ja) * | 1987-09-29 | 1989-04-11 | Tatsuji Nakajima | パンツの製造法 |
JPH0824940B2 (ja) * | 1988-03-18 | 1996-03-13 | 石川島播磨重工業株式会社 | 幅圧下プレスの座屈防止装置 |
JP2593534B2 (ja) * | 1988-11-11 | 1997-03-26 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 熱間圧延設備 |
-
1990
- 1990-08-10 DE DE4025389A patent/DE4025389C2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1991
- 1991-07-24 EP EP91112376A patent/EP0470436B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-07-24 ES ES91112376T patent/ES2066288T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-07-24 AT AT91112376T patent/ATE115443T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-07-24 DE DE59103867T patent/DE59103867D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-08-06 KR KR1019910013588A patent/KR920004049A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1991-08-09 RU SU915001251A patent/RU1831386C/ru active
- 1991-08-10 CN CN91105468A patent/CN1034634C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1992
- 1992-09-25 US US07/951,376 patent/US5313813A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE683932C (de) * | 1937-12-24 | 1939-11-18 | Kleinewefers Soehne J | Heiz- und kuehlbare Walze, insbesondere fuer Papier- und Textilkalander |
DE2017306A1 (fr) * | 1969-04-17 | 1970-10-29 | ||
EP0112516A2 (fr) * | 1982-12-01 | 1984-07-04 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Dispositif pour réduire la largeur de brame |
DE3819391A1 (de) * | 1987-06-15 | 1989-01-05 | Escher Wyss Gmbh | Vorrichtung mit einer mit einem waermetraegermedium beheizten arbeitsflaeche |
DE3837643A1 (de) * | 1988-11-05 | 1990-05-10 | Schloemann Siemag Ag | Stauchpresse zur schrittweisen querschnittsaenderung von strangfoermigen metallkoerpern, bspw. brammen |
DE3900668A1 (de) * | 1989-01-09 | 1990-07-12 | Mannesmann Ag | Presse zum seitlichen stauchen von werkstuecken, insbesondere brammenstauchpresse |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2005123293A1 (fr) * | 2004-06-16 | 2005-12-29 | Danieli & C. Officine Meccaniche S.P.A. | Dispositif de changement de vitesse d'une barre |
US7559220B2 (en) | 2004-06-16 | 2009-07-14 | Danieli & C. Officine Meccanicite S.p.A. | Bar speed changing device |
WO2008067886A1 (fr) * | 2006-12-09 | 2008-06-12 | Sms Siemag Ag | Galet d'entraînement, notamment pour rognage à la cisaille |
JP2010511516A (ja) * | 2006-12-09 | 2010-04-15 | エス・エム・エス・ジーマーク・アクチエンゲゼルシャフト | 特にエッジカッター(Besaeumscheren)用の駆動ローラ |
CN103785689A (zh) * | 2014-02-12 | 2014-05-14 | 武汉科技大学 | 一种基于导热油的恒温轧辊 |
CN103785689B (zh) * | 2014-02-12 | 2016-01-13 | 武汉科技大学 | 一种基于导热油的恒温轧辊 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
RU1831386C (ru) | 1993-07-30 |
DE4025389A1 (de) | 1992-02-13 |
DE4025389C2 (de) | 1999-01-07 |
CN1034634C (zh) | 1997-04-23 |
EP0470436A3 (en) | 1992-04-08 |
DE59103867D1 (de) | 1995-01-26 |
EP0470436B1 (fr) | 1994-12-14 |
KR920004049A (ko) | 1992-03-27 |
ATE115443T1 (de) | 1994-12-15 |
CN1058735A (zh) | 1992-02-19 |
ES2066288T3 (es) | 1995-03-01 |
US5313813A (en) | 1994-05-24 |
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