EP0286141B1 - Schmiermittel bzw. Schmiermittelkonzentrat - Google Patents

Schmiermittel bzw. Schmiermittelkonzentrat Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0286141B1
EP0286141B1 EP88105727A EP88105727A EP0286141B1 EP 0286141 B1 EP0286141 B1 EP 0286141B1 EP 88105727 A EP88105727 A EP 88105727A EP 88105727 A EP88105727 A EP 88105727A EP 0286141 B1 EP0286141 B1 EP 0286141B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
lubricant
mpa
weight
oil
viscosity
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP88105727A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0286141A1 (de
Inventor
Erasmus Dr. Froeschmann
Heide Froeschmann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Dr Erasmus Froeschmann Te Bremen Bondsrepubliek
Original Assignee
Max Grill Gesmbh
GRILL MAX GmbH
Froeschmann Erasmus Dr
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    • C10M169/00Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
    • C10M169/04Mixtures of base-materials and additives
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    • C10M135/12Thio-acids; Thiocyanates; Derivatives thereof
    • C10M135/14Thio-acids; Thiocyanates; Derivatives thereof having a carbon-to-sulfur double bond
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    • C10M2209/108Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups etherified
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Definitions

  • the invention relates to a new lubricant or lubricant concentrate based on mineral oil and / or synthetic oil with improved lubricating properties, in particular improved load bearing, sliding and corrosion protection properties.
  • solid lubricants were developed which were introduced between the moving metal parts, such as graphite, MoS2, TiO2, Ca3 (PO4) 2, Teflon and the like, which were introduced as lubricious outer layers, suspensions, pastes or greases. Thereby the friction partners were better separated and their resilience increased. With centripetal movements of higher peripheral speed and at higher temperature, however, the solid lubricants and carrier media separate sooner or later due to their different specific densities. This limited the long-term lubrication. In a further step, it was possible to apply suitable metal cations to rubbing surfaces during operation from chemical complexes dissolved in a lubricant.
  • DE-PS 941 678 discloses lubricating oils containing soluble reaction products of phosphorus pentasulfide with liquid or solid aliphatic hydrocarbons or terpene hydrocarbons.
  • a lubricating oil is known which contains metal-containing alkylphenol sulfide esters in combination with zinc sulfonates.
  • DE-AS 1 444 892 a lubricating oil is known which contains a salt of an aromatic zinc dithiophosphate and a zinc carboxylic acid salt in the presence of water. While the first two products are lubricating oil detergents, the latter product is intended to prevent corrosion of silver bearing surfaces.
  • a lubricating oil which contains a salt of a substituted succinic acid, optionally together with a salt of an alkylated or esterified phosphoric acid. It is an antioxidant with a detergent effect.
  • a combination of dithiophosphate and dithiophosphinate salts is known from DE-AS 1 271 878.
  • From DE-OS 15 94 555 cutting oils containing free sulfur, a dialkyldithiophosphate and a chlorinated hydrocarbon are known.
  • Lubricating oils containing zinc or antimondithiocarbamate are known from US Pat. No. 3,462,367. Lubricating oils are known from US Pat. No.
  • Lubricating oil additives are also known from US Pat. No. 2,734,864, which are formed from a dithiophosphate of the alkaline earth metal salts in combination with a complex reaction product of phosphorus sulfides, wool fat and alcohol esters.
  • the undefined product contains considerable amounts of barium and zinc.
  • Such a lubricating oil additive cannot be used in practice because of its unbearable odor, which also endangers the people who come into contact with it.
  • lubricants based on mineral oil or synthetic oil which, in addition to the mineral or synthetic oil, contain an ester of an epoxidized fatty acid having 10 to 18 carbon atoms with mono- or polyhydric alcohols, an alkyl -, Aralkyl- or aryldithiophosphate of zinc, lead, tin, tungsten, molybdenum, niobium or lanthanum and optionally contain a sulfur phosphorus compound.
  • lubricants based on mineral or synthetic oil or lubricant concentrates which, in addition to a lead, tungsten, molybdenum and / or vanadium dithiophosphate esterified with alkyl, aryl or aralkyl groups, also contain at least one zinc dialkyldithiophosphate - And contain a metal-free sulfur-phosphorus compound.
  • These last-mentioned lubricants which have found widespread use, no longer meet all of the requirements placed on modern long-term and high-performance lubricants. Their coefficient of friction and abrasion are too high, their shelf life is inadequate, and long-term use shows that the complaint rate in the lubrication area is too high.
  • the object of the invention was therefore to create a new lubricant or lubricant concentrate based on mineral or synthetic oil which is further improved with regard to its lubricating properties, in particular its friction and wear properties, thus noticeably reducing the energy and spare parts requirement and thus also meets the highest requirements.
  • this object can be achieved according to the invention by adding at least one compound to a mineral and / or synthetic oil in addition to the usual additives which has at least one quaternary carbon atom and at least one ester and / or ether bond in the molecule .
  • the lubricants or lubricant concentrates according to the invention have significantly improved properties compared to the known lubricants or lubricant concentrates, in particular with regard to friction and wear, and thus a reduced need for energy and spare parts. It is believed that this is due to the fact that when they are used in the rubbing and sliding area, metallic glass surfaces are formed from amorphously solidified metal melts, which no longer have metal crystal lattice structures.
  • the glass-like smooth friction and sliding surfaces which are probably generated with the lubricant or lubricant concentrate according to the invention, significantly improve the entire lubrication process, since the Coefficient of friction and with it the abrasion, oxidation and corrosion are significantly reduced.
  • the so-called fretting rust is also prevented by the lubricant or lubricant concentrate according to the invention.
  • the lubricants or lubricant concentrates according to the invention are extremely environmentally friendly since they contain no lead, no sulfurized whale sperm oil and hardly any phosphorus. This has been shown by fish tests and bacterial growth tests which were carried out with the lubricants or lubricant concentrates according to the invention. It was also found that they are 60% biodegradable in normal soil within 3 to 4 months, so that they can also be described as extremely environmentally friendly.
  • the compounds containing quaternary carbon atoms used according to the invention are thermally very stable and therefore allow high operating temperatures of up to 300 ° C. They therefore open up the possibility of lifetime lubrication of highly loaded motors, turbines, rolling bearings, constant velocity joints and other high-performance machine elements.
  • lubricant or lubricant concentrate based on mineral and / or synthetic oil used here means both lubricating oils and lubricating greases based on mineral and / or synthetic oil.
  • Compounds containing quaternary carbon atoms are to be understood here as those compounds in which the four main valences of at least one carbon atom per molecule are occupied by four carbon atoms.
  • Such compounds are mono-, di- and trimeric Pentaerythritol esters, other polyol esters, pentaerythritol ethoxy esters, pentaerythrity ethers and pentaerythritol ethoxy ethers as well as adamantane ester or ether derivatives or telomeric acid diolesters or neopentyl polyol esters and the corresponding ethoxylated esters and ethers.
  • the lubricants or lubricant concentrates according to the invention have significantly improved properties compared to the known lubricants or lubricant concentrates, as the examples below show.
  • the glass-like smooth friction and sliding surfaces produced by the lubricant according to the invention save drive energy and lower the coefficient of friction per se and by building up a very adhesive boundary lubrication film which enables elastohydrodynamic lubrication even under point loads.
  • the friction temperature of the lubricant and lubrication point is reduced, the oxidation resistance of both is extended and the metallic friction partners are subjected to less specific alternating loads and temperatures. Overall, these effects greatly reduce wear and significantly increase the service life of the friction partners and the lubricant.
  • the lubricant or lubricant concentrate contains, as compound A, a compound having 1 to 3 quaternary carbon atoms and optionally additionally at least one free one Hydroxyl group in the molecule, the compound A preferably having a density d20 of at least 0.900 and an enthalpy H of at least 350 kcal / kg.
  • a 4-to 8-valent alcohol with at least one quaternary carbon atom and at least one ester and / or ether bond in the molecule with a density d20 of at least 0.900 and an enthalpy H of at least 350 kcal / kg is used as compound A according to the invention.
  • the compound A used according to the invention is selected from the mono-, di- and tripentaerythritol ester and / or ether derivatives, the adamantane esters and / or ether derivatives, the telomeric acid diesters and / or neopentyl polyol esters, preferably the telomeric acid neopentyl glycol, trimethylol propane and / / or pentaerythritol esters and their ethoxylated derivatives.
  • the lubricant or lubricant concentrate contains the compound A in an amount of 0.1 to 40% by weight, preferably 0.1 to 20% by weight, in particular 1 to 12% by weight, especially 1 , 5 to 8 wt .-%, based on the weight of the mineral and / or synthetic oil.
  • the lubricant or lubricant concentrate according to the invention preferably contains beet oil, natural oil and / or a synthetic oil with a viscosity in the range from 1.0 mPa.s at 20 ° C to 2.106 mPa.s at 20 ° C.
  • a mineral oil with a viscosity is particularly preferred from 1.0 mPa.s at 20 ° C to 540 mPa.s at 50 ° C as a natural oil and the use of an aromatic or aliphatic dicarboxylic acid ester, in particular poly- ⁇ -olefin dicarboxylic acid ester, especially butyl ester, with a molecular weight in the range from 1000 to 3000, preferably of diisocyanate phthalate, trimethyladipate and dioctyl sebacate, a polyisobutylene with a molecular weight of 1000 to 100,000 and a viscosity of 200 to 43,000 mPa.s at 100 ° C, a polymethacrylate with a viscosity of 1000 mPa.s at 100 ° C , a non-water-soluble polyglycol with a viscosity of 5 to 60 mPa.s at 100 ° C, an isoparaffin oil and /
  • lubricant according to the invention and lubricant concentrate preferably contains a sulfur carrier, particularly a thiazole, at least one metal dialkyldithiocarbamate and / or a metal dialkyldithiophosphate and / or a phosphorus carrier, in particular an organo phosphite, preferably a Dialkylarylphosphit, particularly didecyl or Didodecylphenylphosphit, and / or a metal dialkyldithiophosphate .
  • a sulfur carrier particularly a thiazole
  • at least one metal dialkyldithiocarbamate and / or a metal dialkyldithiophosphate and / or a phosphorus carrier in particular an organo phosphite, preferably a Dialkylarylphosphit, particularly didecyl or Didodecylphenylphosphit, and / or a metal dialkyldithiophosphate
  • the sulfur carrier is preferably present in the lubricant or lubricant concentrate in an amount of 0.5 to 10% by weight, in particular 1 to 3% by weight, while the phosphorus carrier is preferably present in an amount of 0.1 to 10 % By weight, in particular from 0.1 to 5% by weight, especially from 0.5 to 2% by weight.
  • the lubricant or lubricant concentrate according to the invention can contain conventional antioxidants, metal deactivators, detergents, dispersants, antifoams and / or viscosity index improvers as further conventional additives.
  • the additives according to the invention can be added individually or in the form of a composition as a concentrate to the carrier medium (base oil or base fat) in the amounts mentioned above.
  • pentaerythritol ester examples include pentaerythritol monohexyl, pentaerythritol monooctyl, pentaerythritol moncnonylester, pentaerythritol monodecylester, pentaerythritol monododecylester, pentaerythritol monomyristylester, pentaerythritol monohexadecylester, pentaerythritol monostearyl ester, pentaerythritol monooleylester, pentaerythritol monoisostearyl- and -isopalmitinklarester; the corresponding dihexyl, dioctyl, dinonyl, didecyl, didodecyl, dimyristyl, dihexadecyl, distearyl, dioleyl, diiso
  • telomeric acids are compounds with relatively high molecular weights and long-chain, star-branched structures which can be esterified in the usual way and whose esters are valuable lubricants (commercial product Kortacid T from Akzo Chemie).
  • Mineral oils which can be used according to the invention are all the usual mineral oils, from isoparaffin oil with a viscosity of 1.0 mPa.s at 20 ° C to thin spindle oil with a viscosity of 12 mPa.s at 20 ° C to highly viscous bright stock and cylinder oil with a viscosity of 540 mPa .s at 50 ° C.
  • Ucolub N9 with a viscosity of 5.7 mPa.s at 100 ° C
  • Ucolub N36A with a viscosity of 18 mPa.s at 100 ° C
  • Ucolub N 120A with a viscosity of 55 mPa.s at 100 ° C (all non-water-soluble polyglycols) from Union Carbide
  • Isopar J from Esso (an isoparaffin oil) with a viscosity at 20 ° C of 1.0 mPa.s.
  • organophosphorus compounds which can be used as phosphorus supports according to the invention are compounds of the formula in which R in each case denotes a straight-chain, branched or cyclic alkyl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms or phenyl group substituted in the o- or p-position by a lower alkyl radical having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
  • organophosphorus compounds of the above formula are monodecyl diphenyl phosphite, didecylphenyl phosphite, triphenyl phosphite, dioctyl phenyl phosphite, dihexyl phenyl phosphite, diisodecyl phenyl phosphite, diisooctyl phenyl phosphite, didecyl p-methylphenylphosphite.
  • the metal dialkyldithiocarbamates which can be used according to the invention as sulfur carriers are compounds of the formula wherein Me is a metal from the group copper, silver, zinc, cadmium, boron, titanium, zirconium, tin, lead, vanadium, tantalum, antimony, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, cobalt and nickel, preferably boron, nickel, cobalt or Molybdenum means.
  • the metal dialkyldithiophosphates which can be used according to the invention both as a sulfur carrier and as a phosphorus carrier are compounds of the formula wherein Me for a metal from the group copper, silver, zinc, cadmium, boron, titanium, zirconium, tin, lead, vanadium, tantalum, antimony, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, cobalt and nickel, preferably for zinc, nickel, Titanium, vanadium, molybdenum, tungsten and manganese.
  • the alkyl group in the above-mentioned metal dialkyldithiocarbamates and metal dialkyldithiophosphates each preferably contain 4 to 8 carbon atoms, so that the metal salts mentioned are still soluble in the commercially available base oils.
  • particularly advantageous alkyl groups include the n-, i- and tert-butyl group, the n- and i-amyl group, the n- and i-hexyl group, the n- and i-heptyl group and the 2-ethylhexyl group.
  • the i-butyl group, the n- and i-amyl group and the 2-ethylhexyl group are very particularly preferred.

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Description

  • Die Erfindung betrifft ein neues Schmiermittel bzw. Schmiermittelkonzentrat auf der Basis von Mineralöl und/oder Syntheseöl mit verbesserten Schmiereigenschaften, insbesondere verbesserten Lasttrage-,Gleit- und Korrosionsschutzeigenschaften.
  • Während der letzten Jahrzehnte wurden zahlreiche Verfahren und Schmierstoffsysteme entwickelt, um bei bewegten Maschinenteilen die Reibung und den Verschleiß zu mindern, somit Energie und Ersatzteilkosten zu senken und die Lebensdauer der Schmierstoffe und Werkstoffe zu verlängern. Als idealer Schmierstoff gilt dabei der "Lifetime Lubricant", der auch den immer drängender werden ökologischen Forderungen entgegenkommt.
  • Auf dem Wege zu Langzeit- und Hochleistungs-Schmierstoffen, -Schmiersystemen und-Schmierverfahren wurde in der ersten Stufe die sogenannte chemische Verschleißschmierung entwickelt. Mit ihrer Hilfe konnte durch Aufbringung chemisch reaktiver Deckschichten auf Oberflächen oder durch Einbringung chemisch reaktiver Verbindungen in Grundschmiermittel der Metall-Metall-Kontakt durch Salzbildung an den Oberflächen der Mikrogebirge bewegter Teile weitgehend unterbunden werden. Auf diese Weise konnte das Festfressen der Maschinenteile verhindert werden. Gleichzeitig wurde aber der laufende Verschleiß durch Abscherung der Salzschichten bei der Bewegung der Metallteile gegeneinander gefördert. Die Lebensdauer der Werkstoffe blieb daher verhältnismäßig kurz. In einer weiteren Stufe wurden Festschmierstoffe entwickelt, die zwischen die bewegten Metallteile eingebracht wurden, wie z.B. Graphit, MoS₂, TiO₂, Ca₃(PO₄)₂, Teflon und dgl., die als schmierfähige Deckschichten, Suspensionen, Pasten oder Fette eingebracht wurden. Dadurch wurden die Reibpartner besser voneinander getrennt und ihre Belastbarkeit erhöht. Bei zentripetalen Bewegungen höherer Umfangsgeschwindigkeit und bei höherer Temperatur trennen sich jedoch die Festschmierstoffe und Trägermedien über kurz oder lang voneinander aufgrund ihrer unterschiedlichen spezifischen Dichten. Der Langzeitschmierung waren dadurch Grenzen gesetzt. In einem weiteren Schritt gelang es, aus in einem Schmierstoff gelösten chemischen Komplexen heraus geeignete Metallkationen auf reibende Oberflächen während des Betriebs aufzubringen. Sie bilden dort unter Druck und Temperatur der Reibpartner Eutektikas mit den Metallrandschichten, welche die Rauheitstäler glättend auffüllen und die Rauheitsspitzen zum Teil tribochemisch, zum Teil mikroplastisch abflachen. Der anionische Teil der metallorganischen Verbindungen bildet in situ schmier- und und haftfähige Reaktionsschichten auf den frisch umgeformten eutektoiden Reibflächen.
  • Neben einer noch zu langen Einlaufphase, einem zu hohen Reibungskoeffizienten und Abrieb hat sich bei diesen Schmiersystemen die Steuerung des Reaktionsablaufes als problematisch erwiesen. Entweder gelangte man zu werkstoffunabhängigen Eutektikas und Reaktionsschichten, die eine Feinabtragung herstellungsbedingter Werkstoffunebenheiten in engen Passungen nicht mehr ausreichend vornahmen, so daß an diesen Stellen Überlastungsbereiche entstanden, die zu späteren Metallausbrüchen an den Gleitflächen führten, oder es wurde die aggressive Komponente der metallorganischen Verbindungen vrstärkt und damit geriet man wieder in die Phase chemischer Verschleißschmierung mit einer zu hohen Abtragungsrate und somit zu kurzer Lebensdauer.
  • Aus der DE-PS 941 678 sind beispielsweise Schmieröle mit einem Gehalt an löslichen Umsetzungsprodukten von Phosphorpentasulfid mit flüssigen oder festen aliphatischen Kohlenwasserstoffen oder Terpenkohlenwasserstoffen bekannt. Aus der DE-PS 923 984 ist ein Schmieröl bekannt, das metallhaltige Alkylphenolsulfidester in Kombination mit Zinksulfonaten enthält. Aus der DE-AS 1 444 892 ist ein Schmieröl bekannt, das ein Salz aus einem aromatischen Zinkdithiophosphat und einem Zinkcarbonsäuresalz in Gegenwart von Wasser enthält. Während die beiden erstgenannten Produkte Schmieröldetergentien darstellen, soll das letztgenannte Produkt die Korrosion von Silberlagerflächen verhindern. Aus der DE-AS 1 296 730 ist ein Schmieröl bekannt, das ein Salz einer substituierten Bernsteinsäure enthält, gegebenenfalls zusammen mit einem Salz einer alkylierten oder veresterten Phosphorsäure. Dabei handelt es sich um ein Antioxidationsmittel mit Detergenswirkung. Aus der DE-AS 1 271 878 ist eine Kombination von Dithiophosphat-und Dithiophosphinatsalzen bekannt. Aus der DE-OS 15 94 555 sind Schneidöle mit einem Gehalt an freiem Schwefel, einem Dialkyldithiophosphat und einem chlorierten Kohlenwasserstoff bekannt. Aus der US-PS 3 462 367 sind Schmieröle mit einem Gehalt an Zink- oder Antimondithiocarbamat bekannt. Aus der US-PS 2 758 087 sind Schmieröle bekannt, die eine Schwefel-Phosphor-Verbindung enthalten, die durch Umsetzung von Phosphorpentasulfid mit einem Olefin bei höherer Temperatur erhalten wird, und die Zinkphthalat enthält. Alle diese bekannten Schmierölzusätze genügen den heutigen Anforderungen nicht mehr, insbesondere führen sie zu starken oxidischen Ablagerungen im Bereich der Schmierstelle und verursachen einen zu hohen Abrieb.
    Aus der US-PS 2 734 865 ist es bekannt, ein Schmieröladditiv zu verwenden, das aus einem Dithiophosphat der Erdalkalisalze in Kombination mit einem komplexen Umsetzungsprodukt aus Phosphorsulfiden, Tallölfettsäurealkoholestern, Zinkchlorid und Bariumhydroxid gebildet wird. Die damit erzielbaren Reibbeiwerte und Abriebswerte sind jedoch für die heutigen Anforderungen zu hoch, darüber hinaus ist ihr Flächenpressungswert zu niedrig. Aus der US-PS 2 734 864 sind ferner Schmieröladditive bekannt, die aus einem Dithiophosphat der Erdalkalisalze in Kombination mit einem komplexen Umsetzungsprodukt aus Phosphorsulfiden, Wollfett und Alkoholestern gebildet werden. Das undefinierte Produkt enthält beträchtliche Mengen an Barium und Zink. Ein solches Schmieröladditiv ist schon wegen seines unerträglichen Geruches, der auch die damit in Kontakt kommenden Personen gesundheitlich gefährdet, in der Praxis nicht verwendbar. Aus der DE-PS 1 954 452 sind Schmiermittel auf der Basis von Mineralöl- oder Syntheseöl bekannt, die neben dem Mineral- oder Syntheseöl als Zusätze einen Ester einer epoxidierten Fettsäure mit 10 bis 18 C-Atomen mit ein- oder mehrwertigen Alkoholen, ein Alkyl-, Aralkyl- oder Aryldithiophosphat von Zink, Blei, Zinn, Wolfram, Molybdän, Niob oder Lanthan und gegebenenfalls eine Schwefelphosphorverbindung enthalten. Aus der DE-PS 2 108 780 sind Schmiermittel auf der Basis von Mineral- oder Syntheseöl bzw. Schmiermittelkonzentrate bekannt, die neben einem mit Alkyl-, Aryl- oder Aralkylgruppen veresterten Blei-, Wolfram-, Molybdän und/oder Vanadindithiophosphat noch mindestens eine Zinkdialkyldithiophosphat- und eine metallfreie Schwefel-Phosphor-Verbindung enthalten. Auch diese zuletzt genannten Schmiermittel, die eine weit verbreitete Anwendung gefunden haben, genügen den Anforderungen, die an moderne Langzeit- und Hochleistungsschmierstoffe gestellt werden, nicht mehr in allen Belangen. Ihr Reibungskoeffizient und Abrieb liegen zu hoch, ihre Lagerbeständigkeit ist unzureichend, im Langzeiteinsatz zeigt sich eine zu hohe Reklamationsquote im schmiertechnischen Bereich.
  • Aufgabe der Erfindung war es daher, ein neues Schmiermittel bzw. Schmiermittelkonzentrat auf der Basis von Mineral-oder Syntheseöl zu schaffen, das hinsichtlich seiner Schmiereigenschaften, insbesondere seiner Reib- und Verschleißeigenschaften, weiter verbessert ist, somit den Energie-und Ersatzteilbedarf spürbar verringert und damit auch den höchsten gestellten Anforderungen gerecht wird.
  • Es wurde nun gefunden, daß diese Aufgabe erfindungsgemäß überraschenderweise dadurch gelöst werden kann, daß einem Mineral- und/oder Syntheseöl neben den üblichen Zusätzen mindestens eine Verbindung zugegeben wird, die im Molekül mindestens ein quartäres Kohlenstoffatom und mindestens eine Ester- und/oder Ätherbindung aufweist.
  • Es würde nun gefunden, daß diese Aufgabe erfindungsgemäß überraschenderweise gelöst werden kann, durch ein Schmiermittel, bzw. Schmiermittelkonzentrat nach Anspruch 1.
  • Die erfindungsgemäßen Schmiermittel bzw. Schmiermittelkonzentrate weisen gegenüber den bekannten Schmiermitteln bzw. Schmiermittelkonzentraten wesentlich verbesserte Eigenschaften insbesondere in bezug auf Reibung und Verschleiß und somit einen erniedrigten Energie- und Ersatzteilbedarf auf. Es wird angenommen, daß dies darauf zurückzuführen ist, daß bei ihrer Verwendung im Reib- und Gleitbereich metallische Glasflächen aus amorph erstarrten Metallschmelzen, die keine Metallkristallgitterstrukturen mehr aufweisen, entstehen. Die glasartigen glatten Reib- und Gleitflächen, die mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Schmiermittel bzw. Schmiermittelkonzentrat vermutlich erzeugt werden, verbessern deutlich den gesamten Schmiervorgang, da der Reibkoeffizient und mit ihm der Abrieb, die Oxidation und die Korrosion erheblich gesenkt werden. Auch der sogenannte Passungsrost wird durch das erfindungsgemäße Schmiermittel bzw. Schmiermittelkonzentrat verhindert. Hinzu kommt, daß die erfindungsgemäßen Schmiermittel bzw. Schmiermittelkonzentrate außerordentlich umweltfreundlich sind, da sie kein Blei, kein geschwefeltes Walspermöl und kaum Phosphor enthalten. Dies haben Fischtests und Bakterienwachstumstests, die mit den erfindungsgemäßen Schmiermitteln bzw. Schmiermittelkonzentraten durchgeführt wurden, gezeigt. Außerdem wurde festgestellt, daß sie schon innerhalb von 3 bis 4 Monaten in normaler Erde zu 60 % biologisch abbaubar sind, so daß sie auch als außerordentlich umweltverträglich bezeichnet werden können. Sie sind besonders gut geeignet für die Verwendung in homokinetischen Gelenken für Fahrzeuge, d.h. kleinenGelenkenmit einer hohen Drehzahl und einer hohen Belastung, und sie kommen dem als idealen Schmierstoff angesehenen "Lifetime Lubricant" wesentlich näher als alle bisher bekannten Schmiermittel. Hinzu kommt, daß die erfindungsgemäß eingesetzten, quartäre Kohlenstoffatome enthaltenden Verbindungen thermisch sehr stabil sind und daher hohe Betriebstemperaturen von bis zu 300°C erlauben. Sie eröffnen daher die Möglichkeit zur Lebensdauerschmierung höchst-belasteter Motoren, Turbinen, Wälzlager, Gleichlaufgelenke und anderer Hochleistungsmaschinenelemente.
  • Unter dem hier verwendeten Ausdruck "Schmiermittel bzw. Schmiermittelkonzentrat auf der Basis von Mineral- und/oder Syntheseöl" sind sowohl Schmieröle als auch Schmierfette auf Mineral- und/oder Syntheseölbasis zu verstehen.
  • Unter quartäre Kohlenstoffatome enthaltenden Verbindungen sind hier solche Verbindungen zu verstehen, in denen die vier Hauptvalenzen mindestens eines Kohlenstoffatoms je Molekül mit vier Kohlenstoffatomen besetzt sind. Solche Verbindungen sind mono-, di- und trimere Pentaerythritester, andere Polyolester, Pentaerythritethoxyester, Pentaerythritäther und Pentaerythritethoxyäther sowie Adamantanester- oder -ätherderivate oder Telomersäurediolester oder -neopentylpolyolester und die entsprechenden ethoxylierten Ester und Äther.
  • Die erfindungsgemäßen Schmiermittel bzw. Schmiermittelkonzentrate weisen gegenüber den bekannten Schmiermitteln bzw. Schmiermittelkonzentraten deutlich verbesserte Eigenschaften auf, wie die weiter unten folgenden Beispiele zeigen. Die durch den erfindungsgemäßen Schmierstoff erzeugten glasartigen glatten Reib- und Gleitflächen ersparen Antriebsenergie und erniedrigen den Reibungskoeffizienten per se und durch Aufbau eines sehr haftfesten Grenzschmierfilms, der eine elastohydrodynamische Schmierung auch bei punktförmiger Belastung ermöglicht. Hierdurch wird die Reibtemperatur von Schmierstoff und Schmierstelle herabgesetzt, die Oxidationsbeständigkeit beider verlängert und die metallischen Reibungspartner weniger spezifisch wechsellast-und temperaturbeansprucht.
    Insgesamt werden durch diese Effekte der Verschleiß außerordentlich erniedrigt und die Lebensdauer der Reibpartner und des Schmierstoffs deutlich erhöht. Erfindungsgemäß werden diese Verbesserungen innerhalb eines sehr breiten Viskositätsbereiches erzielt, so daß nunmehr auch Öle mit niedriger Viskosität dort verwendet werden können, wo bisher hohe oder mittlere Viskositätsgrade als unbedingt erforderlich angesehen wurden, beispielsweise bei Getrieben, Differentialgetrieben oder Turbinenuntersetzungsgetrieben. Auch erlaubt die thermische Beständigkeit des erfindungsgemäßen Schmiermittels bzw. Schmiermittelkonzentrats seine Verwendung an Schmierstellen hoher Betriebstemperatur, beispielsweise in Dieselmotoren und Flugturbinen.
  • Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausgestaltung der Erfindung enthält das Schmiermittel bzw. Schmiermittelkonzentrat als Verbindung A eine Verbindung mit 1 bis 3 quartären Kohlenstoffatomen sowie gegebenenfalls zusätzlich mindestens einer freien Hydroxylgruppe im Molekül, wobei die Verbindung A vorzugsweise eine Dichte d₂₀ von mindestens 0,900 und eine Enthalpie H von mindestens 350 kcal/kg aufweist.
  • Als Verbindung A wird erfindungsgemäß ein 4-bis 8-wertiger Alkohol mit mindestens einem quartären Kohlenstoffatom sowie mindestens einer Ester- und/oder Ätherbindung im Molekül mit einer Dichte d₂₀ von mindestens 0,900 und einer Enthalpie H von mindestens 350 kcal/kg verwendet.
  • Die erfindungsgemäß verwendete Verbindung A wird ausgewählt aus den Mono-, Di- und Tripentaerythritester- und/oder-ätherderivaten, den Adamantanester-und/oder -ätherderivaten, den Telomersäurediolestern und/oder -neopentylpolyolestern, vorzugsweise den Telomersäureneopentylglykol-, -trimethylolpropan- und/oder -pentaerythritestern und ihren ethoxylierten Derivaten.
  • Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausgestaltung der Erfindung enthält das Schmiermittel bzw. Schmiermittelkonzentrat die Verbindung A in einer Menge von 0,1 bis 40 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise 0,1 bis 20 Gew.-%, insbesondere 1 bis 12 Gew.%, speziell 1,5 bis 8 Gew.-%, bezogen auf das Gewicht des Mineral- und/oder Syntheseöls.
  • Als Grundöl enthält das erfindungsgemäße Schmiermittel bzw. Schmiermittelkonzentrat vorzugsweise Rüböl, Naturöl und/oder ein Syntheseöl mit einer Viskosität in dem Bereich von 1,0 mPa.s bei 20°C bis 2.10⁶ mPa.s bei 20°C. Besonders bevorzugt ist die Verwendung eines Mineralöls mit einer Viskosität von 1,0 mPa.s bei 20°C bis 540 mPa.s bei 50°C als Naturöl sowie die Verwendung eines aromatischen oder aliphatischen Dicarbonsäureesters, insbesondere Poly-α-olefindicarbonsäureesters, speziell -butylesters, mit einem Molekulargewicht im Bereich von 1000 bis 3000, vorzugsweise von Phthalsäurediisodecylester, Trimethyladipinsäuredidecylester und Sebacinsäuredioctylester, eines Polyisobutylens mit einem Molekulargewicht von 1000 bis 100 000 und einer Viskosität von 200 bis 43 000 mPa.s bei 100°C, eines Polymethacrylats mit einer Viskosität von 1000 mPa.s bei 100°C, eines nicht-wasserlöslichen Polyglykols mit einer Viskosität von 5 bis 60 mPa.s bei 100°C, eines Isoparaffinöls und/oder Alkylbenzols mit einem Flammpunkt von über 50°C und einer Viskosität im Bereich von 1,0 mPa.s bei 20°C bis 2 000 000 mPa.s bei 20°C und eines Telomersäureesters, vorzugsweise eines Neopentylglykol- oder Trimethylolpropanesters der Telomersäure.
  • Als weiteren Zusatz enthält das erfindungsgemäße Schmiermittel bzw. Schmiermittelkonzentrat vorzugsweise einen Schwefelträger, insbesondere ein Thiazol, mindestens ein Metalldialkyldithiocarbamat und/oder ein Metalldialkyldithiophosphat und/oder einen Phosphorträger, insbesondere ein Organophosphit, vorzugsweise ein Dialkylarylphosphit, speziell Didecylphenylphosphit oder Didodecylphenylphosphit, und/oder ein Metalldialkyldithiophosphat.
  • Der Schwefelträger ist vorzugsweise in einer Menge von 0,5 bis 10 Gew.-%, insbesondere von 1 bis 3 Gew.-%, in dem Schmiermittel bzw. Schmiermittelkonzentrat enthalten, während es den Phosphorträger vorzugsweise in einer Menge von 0,1 bis 10 Gew.-%, insbesondere von 0,1 bis 5 Gew.-%, speziell von 0,5 bis 2 Gew.-%, enthält.
  • Als weitere übliche Zusätze kann das erfindungsgemäße Schmiermittel bzw. Schmiermittelkonzentrat gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausgestaltung der Erfindung übliche Antioxidantien, Metalldesaktivatoren, Detergentien, Dispergiermittel, Antischaummittel und/oder Viskositätsindexverbesserer enthalten.
  • Die erfindungsgemäßen Zusätze können einzeln oder in Form einer Komposition als Konzentrat dem Trägermedium (Grundöl oder Grundfett) in den obengenannten Mengen zugegeben werden.
  • Weitere Merkmale und Vorteile der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung.
  • Zu den erfindungsgemäß verwendeten Verbindungen A mit mindestens einem quartären Kohlenstoffatom im Molekül gehören die folgenden drei Gruppen von Verbindungen:
    • a) Mono-, Di- und Tripentaerythritester und/oder -äther und ihre ethoxylierten Ester- und ethoxylierten Ätherderivate. Der ihnen zugrunde liegende Mono- und Dipentaerythrit hat die Struktur:
      Figure imgb0001
      in denen die Hydroxylgruppen teilweise oder vollständig verestert oder veräthert sind, deren Ester- oder Äthergruppen vorzugsweise gerade oder verzweigte Alkyl-, Aralkyl- oder Arylgruppen mit 6 bis 18, vorzugsweise 8 bis 12, Kohlenstoffatome darstellen.
  • Diese Verbindungen lassen sich leicht herstellen und zahlreiche Vertreter dieser Verbindungen sind im Handel erhältlich, beispielsweise von der Firma Ciba-Geigy unter den Handelsbezeichnungen Reolube LP 3600 (Pentaerythrittetrapelargonat), Reolube LPE 504 (Pentaerythrittetraoctylester), Reolube LPE 602 (Pentaerythrittetraheptylester), von der Firma Akzo unter der Handelsbezeichnung Ketjenlube 12 (Pentaerythrittetradecyl/dodecylester mit statistischer C₁₀/C₁₂-Verteilung), und von der Firma Henkel AG unter der Handelsbezeichnung Edenor Ke 230 (Pentaerythrittetraisopalmitinsäureester) und Pentaerythrittetraisostearylsäureester.
    Beispiele für geeignete Pentaerythritester sind Pentaerythrit-monohexylester, Pentaerythrit-monooctylester, Pentaerythrit-moncnonylester, Pentaerythrit-monodecylester, Pentaerythrit-monododecylester, Pentaerythrit-monomyristylester, Pentaerythrit-monohexadecylester, Pentaerythrit-monostearylester, Pentaerythrit-monooleylester, Pentaerythrit-monoisostearyl- und -isopalmitinsäureester; die entsprechenden Dihexyl-, Dioctyl-, Dinonyl-, Didecyl-, Didodecyl-, Dimyristyl-, Dihexadecyl-, Distearyl-, Dioleyl-, Diisostearyl- und Diisopalmitinsäureester des Pentaerythrits; die entsprechenden Trihexyl-, Trioctyl-, Trinonyl-, Tridecyl-, Tridodecyl-, Trimyristyl-, Trihexadecyl-, Tristearyl-, Trioleyl-, Triisostearyl- und Triisopalmitinsäureester des Pentaerythrits sowie die entsprechenden Tetrahexyl-, Tetraoctyl-, Tetranonyl-, Tetradecyl-, Tetradodecyl-, Tetramyristyl-, Tetrahexadecyl-, Tetrastearyl-, Tetraoleyl-, Tetraisostearyl- und Tetraisopalmitinsäureester des Pentaerythrits.
  • Beispiele für geeignete Pentaerythritäther sind Pentaerythrit-monohexyläther, Pentaerythrit-monooctyläther, Pentaerythrit-mononomyläther, Pentaerythrit-monodecyläther, Pentaerythrit-monododecyläther, Pentaerythrit-monomyristyläther, Pentaerythrit-monohexadecyläther, Pentaerythrit-monostearyläther, Pentaerythrit-monooleyläther, Pentaerythrit-monoisostearyl- und -isopalmitinsäureäther; die entsprechenden Dihexyl-, Dioctyl-, Dinonyl-, Didecyl-, Didodecyl-, Dimyristyl-, Dihexadecyl-, Distearyl-, Dioleyl-, Diisostearyl- und Diisopalmitinsäureäther des Pentaerythrits; die entsprechenden Trihexyl-, Trioctyl-, Trinonyl-, Tridecyl-, Tridodecyl-, Trimyristyl-, Trihexadeyl-, Tristearyl-, Trioleyl-, Triisostearyl- und Triisopalmitinsäureäther des Pentaerythrits sowie die entsprechenden Tetrahexyl-, Tetraoctyl-, Tetranonyl-, Tetradecyl-, Tetradodecyl-, Tetramyristyl-, Tetrahexadecyl-, Tetrastearyl-, Tetraoleyl-, Tetraisostearyl- und Tetraisopalmitinsäureäther des Pentaerythrits.
    • b) Adamantanderivate mit dem Adamantan-Grundgerüst
      Figure imgb0002
      das in 1- oder 2-Stellung durch COOH, CH₂OH oder C₂H₅OH substituiert ist, wobei die OH-Gruppe des Substituenten verestert oder veräthert sein kann, gegebenenfalls unter Zwischenschaltung einer oder mehrerer Ethoxygruppen. Die Ester- oder Äthergruppen stellen vorzugweise verzweigte oder unverzweigte Alkylgruppen mit 1 bis 10, vorzugsweise 2 bis 6 Kohlenstoffatomen oder Aralkyl oder Arylgruppen mit 6 bis 18, vorzugsweise 8 bis 12 Kohlenstoffatomen dar.
    • c) Pentaerythrittelomersäurederivate mit der folgenden Grundstruktur
      Figure imgb0003
      worin bedeuten:
      T = Telomer,
      R = T oder Alkyl.
  • Bei Telomersäuren handelt es sich bekanntlich um Verbindungen mit verhältnismäßig hohen Molekulargewichten und langkettigen, sternartig verzweigten Strukturen, die auf übliche Weise verestert werden können und deren Ester wertvolle Schmierstoffe darstellen (Handelsprodukt Kortacid T der Firma Akzo Chemie).
  • Erfindungsgemäß verwendbare Mineralöle sind alle üblichen Mineralöle vom Isoparaffinöl mit einer Viskosität von 1,0 mPa.s bei 20°C über dünnes Spindelöl mit einer Viskosität von 12 mPa.s bei 20°C bis zu hochviskosem Brightstock und Zylinderöl mit einer Viskosität von 540 mPa.s bei 50°C.
  • Viele der erfindungsgemäß verwendbaren Syntheseöle sind im Handel erhältlich, beispielsweise von der Firma BP unter der Handelsbezeichnung "Hyvis 10" (ein Polyisobutylen mit einer Viskosität bei 100°C von 200 mPa.s), "Hyvis 200" (ein Polyisobutylen mit einer Viskosität bei 100°C von 4300 mPa.s) und "Hyvis 2000" (ein Polyisobutylen mit einer Viskosität bei 100°C von 43 000 mPa.s), Viscoplex 4-95 der Firma Röhm (ein Polymethacrylat) mit einer Viskosität von 1000 mPa.s bei 100°C , Ucolub N9 mit einer Viskosität von 5,7 mPa.s bei 100°C, Ucolub N36A mit einer Viskosität von 18 mPa.s bei 100°C, Ucolub N 120A mit einer Viskosität von 55 mPa.s bei 100°C (alles nicht-wasserlösliche Polyglykole) der Firma Union Carbide, sowie "Isopar J" der Firma Esso (ein Isoparaffinöl) mit einer Viskosität bei 20°C von 1,0 mPa.s .
  • Bei den erfindungsgemäß als Phosphorträger verwendbaren Organophosphorverbindungen handelt es sich um Verbindungen der Formel
    Figure imgb0004


    worin R jeweils eine geradkettige, verzweigte oder cyclische Alkylgruppe mit 6 bis 12 Kohlenstoffatomen oder in o- oder p-Stellung durch einen niederen Alkylrest mit 1 bis 6 Kohlenstoffatomen substituierte Phenylgruppe bedeuten.
  • BevorzugteBeispiele für Organophosphorverbindungen der obengenannten Formel sind Monodecyl-diphenylphosphit, Didecylphenylphosphit, Triphenylphosphit, Dioctyl-phenylphosphit, Dihexyl-phenyl-phosphit, Diisodecyl-phenylphosphit, Diisooctyl-phenyl-phosphit, Didecyl-o-methylphenyl-phosphit und Didecyl-p-methylphenylphosphit.
  • Bei den erfindungsgemäß als Schwefelträger verwendbaren Metalldialkyldithiocarbamaten handelt es sich um Verbindungen der Formel
    Figure imgb0005

    worin Me ein Metall aus der Gruppe Kupfer, Silber, Zink, Cadmium, Bor, Titan, Zirkonium, Zinn, Blei, Vanadin, Tantal, Antimon, Chrom, Molybdän, Wolfram, Mangan, Kobalt und Nickel, vorzugsweise Bor, Nickel, Kobalt oder Molybdän, bedeutet.
  • Bei den erfindungsgemäß sowohl als Schwefelträger als auch als Phosphorträger verwendbaren Metalldialkyldithiophosphaten handelt es sich um Verbindungen der Formel
    Figure imgb0006

    worin Me für ein Metall aus der Gruppe Kupfer, Silber, Zink, Cadmium, Bor, Titan, Zirkonium, Zinn, Blei, Vanadin, Tantal, Antimon, Chrom, Molybdän, Wolfram, Mangan, Kobalt und Nickel, vorzugsweise für Zink, Nickel, Titan, Vanadin, Molybdän, Wolfram und Mangan, steht.
  • Die Alkylgruppe in den obengenannten Metalldialkyldithiocarbamaten und Metalldialkyldithiophosphaten enthält jeweils vorzugsweise 4 bis 8 Kohlenstoffatome, so daß die genannten Metallsalze in den handelsüblichen Grundölen noch löslich sind. Zu Beispielen für besonders vorteilhalfte Alkylgruppen gehören die n-, i- und tert-Butylgruppe, die n- und i-Amylgruppe, die n- und i-Hexylgruppe, die n- und i-Heptylgruppe und die 2-Ethylhexylgruppe. Ganz besonders bevorzugt sind die i-Butylgruppe, die n- und i-Amylgruppe und die 2-Ethylhexylgruppe.

Claims (8)

  1. Schmiermittel bzw. Schmiermittelkonzentrat auf der Basis von Mineral- und/oder Syntheseöl, das mindestens eine Verbindung mit mindestens einem quartären Kohlenstoffatom und mindestens einer Ester- und/oder Ätherbindung im Molekül sowie weitere übliche Zusätze enthält,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es enthält
    (a) mindestens eine Verbindung mit 1 bis 3 quartären Kohlenstoffatomen und mindestens einer freien Hydroxylgruppe im Molekül mit einer Dichte d₂₀ von mindestens 0,900 und einer Enthalpie ΔH von mindestens 350 kcal/kg, ausgewählt aus der Gruppe der Mono-, Di- und Tripentaerythritester und -äther, der Adamantanester und -äther, der Adamanthanester und -äther von Adamantanderivaten, die in 1- oder 2-Stellung durch -COOH, -CH₂OH oder -C₂H₅OH substituiert sind, und der Telomersäurediolester und -neopentylglycolester und ihren ethoxylierten Derivaten, wobei die Ester- und Äthergruppen Alkyl-, Aralkyl- oder Arylgruppen mit 6 bis 18 Kohlenstoffatomen darstellen,
    (b) mindestens ein Metalldialkyldithiocarbamat der allgemeinen Formel
    Figure imgb0007
    worin bedeuten:
    Me   ein Metall aus der Gruppe Kupfer, Silber, Zink, Cadmium, Bor, Titan, Zirkonium, Zinn, Blei, Vanadin, Tantal, Antimon, Chrom, Molybdän, Wolfram, Mangan, Kobalt und Nickel und
    Alkyl   eine Alkylgruppe mit 4 bis 8 Kohlenstoffatomen, und
    (c) als weitere übliche Zusätze an sich bekannte Antioxidationsmittel, Metalldesaktivatoren, Detergentien, Dispergiermittel, Antischaummittel und/oder Viskositätsindexverbesserungsmittel.
  2. Schmiermittel bzw. Schmiermittelkonzentrat nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es als weitere Komponente enthält
    (d) mindestens ein Metalldialkyldithiophosphat der allgemeinen Formel
    Figure imgb0008
    worin bedeuten:
    Me   ein Metall aus der Gruppe Kupfer, Silber, Zink, Cadmium, Bor, Titan, Zirkonium, Zinn, Blei, Vanadin, Tantal, Antimon, Chrom, Molybdän, Wolfram, Mangan, Kobalt und Nickel und
    Alkyl   eine Alkylgruppe mit 4 bis 8 Kohlenstoffatomen.
  3. Schmiermittel bzw. Schmiermittelkonzentrat nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es die Komponente (a) in einer Menge von 0,1 bis 40 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise 0,1 bis 20 Gew.-%, insbesondere 1 bis 12 Gew.-%, speziell 1,5 bis 8 Gew.-%, bezogen auf das Gewicht des Mineral- und/oder Syntheseöls, enthält.
  4. Schmiermittel bzw. Schmiermittelkonzentrat nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es als Grundöl Rüböl, Naturöl und/oder ein Syntheseöl mit einer Viskosität in dem Bereich von 1,0 mPa.s bei 20°C bis 2 x 10⁶ mPa.s bei 20°C enthält.
  5. Schmiermittel bzw. Schmiermittelkonzentrat nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es als Naturöl ein Mineralöl mit einer Viskosität von 1,0 mPa.s bei 20°C bis 540 mPa.s bei 50°C enthält.
  6. Schmiermittel bzw. Schmiermittelkonzentrat nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es als Syntheseöl einen aromatischen oder aliphatischen Dicarbonsäureester, insbesondere Poly-α-olefin-dicarbonsäureester, speziell -butylester, mit einem Molekulargewicht im Bereich von 1 000 bis 3 000, vorzugsweise Phthalsäurediisodecylester, Trimethyladipinsäuredidecylester und Sebacinsäuredioctylester, ein Polyisobutylen mit einem Molekulargewicht von 1 000 bis 100 000 und einer Viskosität von 200 bis 43 000 mPa.s bei 100°C, ein Polymethacrylat mit einer Viskosität von 100 mPa.s bei 100°C, ein nicht-wasserlösliches Polyglycol mit einer Viskosität von 5 bis 60 mPa.s bei 100°C, ein Isoparaffinöl und/oder Alkylbenzol mit einem Flammpunkt von über 50°C und einer Viskosität im Bereich von 1,0 mPa.s bei 20°C bis 2 000 000 mPa.s bei 20°C enthält.
  7. Schmiermittel bzw. Schmiermittelkonzentrat nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es die Schwefel enthaltende(n) Verbindung(en) in einer Menge von 0,5 bis 10 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise von 1 bis 3 Gew.-%, enthält.
  8. Schmiermittel bzw. Schmiermittelkonzentrat nach einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es die Phosphor enthaltende(n) Verbindung(en) in einer Menge von 0,1 bis 10 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise von 0,1 bis 5 Gew.-%, speziell von 0,5 bis 2 Gew.-%, enthält.
EP88105727A 1987-04-10 1988-04-11 Schmiermittel bzw. Schmiermittelkonzentrat Expired - Lifetime EP0286141B1 (de)

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JPH0816230B2 (ja) * 1988-10-20 1996-02-21 日本石油株式会社 2サイクルエンジン油組成物
EP0430657A1 (de) * 1989-11-29 1991-06-05 Asahi Denka Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Schmiermittel für Kühlgeräte
DE4214653A1 (de) * 1992-05-02 1993-11-04 Henkel Kgaa Motorengrundoele mit verbesserter dichtungsvertraeglichkeit
DE69319884T2 (de) * 1992-12-07 1998-12-10 Idemitsu Kosan Co. Ltd., Tokio/Tokyo Flammfestes Hydrauliköl
FR2986801B1 (fr) * 2012-02-15 2014-09-05 Total Raffinage Marketing Compositions lubrifiantes pour transmissions
JP6544953B2 (ja) * 2014-05-29 2019-07-17 株式会社リコー 画像形成装置及びグリース組成物
EP3476922B1 (de) 2016-06-23 2021-08-25 JXTG Nippon Oil & Energy Corporation Schmierfettzusammensetzung für gleichlaufgelenke und gleichlaufgelenk mit darin verschlossener schmierfettzusammensetzung

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FR1543830A (fr) * 1966-11-10 1968-10-25 Mobil Oil Corp Compositions lubrifiantes contenant des additifs anti-corrosion perfectionnés
FR2051665A1 (de) * 1969-07-10 1971-04-09 Ethyl Corp
JPS5328862B2 (de) * 1972-04-18 1978-08-17
US3843542A (en) * 1972-07-31 1974-10-22 Chevron Res Hydraulic oil
IT1010487B (it) * 1974-05-08 1977-01-10 Snam Progetti Esteri come componenti di lubrifi canti
US3896050A (en) * 1974-07-05 1975-07-22 Texaco Inc Lubricating oil additives
US3962105A (en) * 1975-03-25 1976-06-08 The Lubrizol Corporation Lubricating compositions
US4097388A (en) * 1976-10-12 1978-06-27 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force Linear fluorinated polyether lubricant compositions containing perfluoroalkylether substituted phosphines
AT381719B (de) * 1979-10-15 1986-11-25 Elf France Schmiermittel oder schmiermittelzusaetze
GB2065148A (en) * 1979-12-14 1981-06-24 Cooper & Co Ltd Edwin Lubricating composition
JPS59133297A (ja) * 1983-01-20 1984-07-31 Idemitsu Kosan Co Ltd 高温用潤滑油組成物
FR2540104B1 (fr) 1983-02-01 1987-07-17 Elf France Synthese des ethers de polyols
GB8422562D0 (en) * 1984-09-06 1984-10-10 Exxon Research Engineering Co Hot forming lubricant compositions
IT1188166B (it) * 1985-04-24 1988-01-07 Montefluos Spa Stabilizzanti a struttura arilfosfinica per olii e grassi perfluoropolieterei
DE3682715D1 (de) * 1985-07-08 1992-01-16 Nippon Oil Co Ltd Schmiermittelzusammensetzungen.
JPS6210193A (ja) * 1985-07-08 1987-01-19 Nippon Oil Co Ltd トラクシヨンドライブ用流体組成物

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ATE111151T1 (de) 1994-09-15
ES2063743T3 (es) 1995-01-16
JPH01503789A (ja) 1989-12-21
EP0286141A1 (de) 1988-10-12
DE3851357D1 (de) 1994-10-13
DE3712132A1 (de) 1988-10-20
DE3712132C2 (de) 1993-07-08

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