EP0286140B1 - Schmiermittel bzw. Schmiermittelkonzentrat - Google Patents
Schmiermittel bzw. Schmiermittelkonzentrat Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0286140B1 EP0286140B1 EP88105726A EP88105726A EP0286140B1 EP 0286140 B1 EP0286140 B1 EP 0286140B1 EP 88105726 A EP88105726 A EP 88105726A EP 88105726 A EP88105726 A EP 88105726A EP 0286140 B1 EP0286140 B1 EP 0286140B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- lubricant
- weight
- oil
- mpa
- viscosity
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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- C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
- C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
- C10M169/044—Mixtures of base-materials and additives the additives being a mixture of non-macromolecular and macromolecular compounds
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- C10M101/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a mineral or fatty oil
- C10M101/02—Petroleum fractions
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- C10M101/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a mineral or fatty oil
- C10M101/04—Fatty oil fractions
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- C10M105/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound
- C10M105/02—Well-defined hydrocarbons
- C10M105/06—Well-defined hydrocarbons aromatic
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- C10M105/18—Ethers, e.g. epoxides
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- C10M135/18—Thio-acids; Thiocyanates; Derivatives thereof having a carbon-to-sulfur double bond thiocarbamic type, e.g. containing the groups
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- C10M137/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus
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Definitions
- the invention relates to a new lubricant or lubricant concentrate based on mineral oil and / or synthetic oil with improved lubricating properties, in particular improved load bearing, sliding and corrosion protection properties.
- solid lubricants were developed which were introduced between the moving metal parts, such as graphite, MoS2, TiO2, Ca3 (PO4) 2, Teflon and the like, which were introduced as lubricious outer layers, suspensions, pastes or greases. Thereby the friction partners were better separated and their resilience increased. With centripetal movements of higher peripheral speed and at higher temperature, however, the solid lubricants and carrier media separate sooner or later due to their different specific densities. This limited the long-term lubrication. In a further step, it was possible to apply suitable metal cations to rubbing surfaces during operation from chemical complexes dissolved in a lubricant.
- DE-PS 941 678 discloses lubricating oils containing soluble reaction products of phosphorus pentasulfide with liquid or solid aliphatic hydrocarbons or terpene hydrocarbons.
- a lubricating oil is known which contains metal-containing alkylphenol sulfide esters in combination with zinc sulfonates.
- DE-AS 1 444 892 a lubricating oil is known which contains a salt of an aromatic zinc dithiophosphate and a zinc carboxylic acid salt in the presence of water. While the first two products are lubricating oil detergents, the latter product is intended to prevent corrosion of silver bearing surfaces.
- a lubricating oil which contains a salt of a substituted succinic acid, optionally together with a salt of an alkylated or esterified phosphoric acid. It is an antioxidant with a detergent effect.
- a combination of dithiophosphate and dithiophosphinate salts is known from DE-AS 1 271 878.
- From DE-OS 15 94 555 cutting oils containing free sulfur, a dialkyldithiophosphate and a chlorinated hydrocarbon are known.
- Lubricating oils containing zinc or antimondithiocarbamate are known from US Pat. No. 3,462,367. Lubricating oils are known from US Pat. No.
- Lubricating oil additives are also known from US Pat. No. 2,734,864, which are formed from a dithiophosphate of the alkaline earth metal salts in combination with a complex reaction product of phosphorus sulfides, wool fat and alcohol esters.
- the undefined product contains considerable amounts of barium and zinc.
- Such a lubricating oil additive cannot be used in practice because of its unbearable odor, which also endangers the people who come into contact with it.
- lubricants based on mineral oil or synthetic oil which, in addition to the mineral or synthetic oil, contain an ester of an epoxidized fatty acid having 10 to 18 carbon atoms with mono- or polyhydric alcohols, an alkyl -, Aralkyl- or aryldithiophosphate of zinc, lead, tin, tungsten, molybdenum, niobium or lanthanum and optionally contain a sulfur phosphorus compound.
- lubricants based on mineral or synthetic oil or lubricant concentrates which in addition to a lead, tungsten, molybdenum and / or vanadium dithiophosphate esterified with alkyl, aryl or aralkyl groups, also contain at least one zinc dialkyldithiophosphate and a metal-free sulfur-phosphorus compound.
- These last-mentioned lubricants which have found widespread use, no longer meet all of the requirements placed on modern long-term and high-performance lubricants. Their coefficient of friction and abrasion are too high, their shelf life is inadequate, and long-term use reveals a too high complaint rate in the area of lubrication technology
- the object of the invention was therefore to create a new lubricant or lubricant concentrate based on mineral or synthetic oil, which is further improved with regard to its lubricating properties, in particular its friction and wear properties, thus noticeably reducing the need for energy and spare parts and thus also meets the highest requirements.
- the lubricants or lubricant concentrates according to the invention have significantly improved properties compared to the known lubricants or lubricant concentrates, in particular with regard to friction and wear and thus a reduced need for energy and spare parts. It is believed that this is due to the fact that when they are used in the rubbing and sliding area, metallic glass surfaces are formed from amorphously solidified metal melts, which no longer have metal crystal lattice structures.
- the glass-like smooth friction and sliding surfaces which are presumably produced with the lubricant or lubricant concentrate according to the invention, significantly improve the entire lubrication process, since the coefficient of friction and with it the abrasion, oxidation and corrosion are significantly reduced.
- the so-called fretting rust is also prevented by the lubricant or lubricant concentrate according to the invention.
- the lubricants or lubricant concentrates according to the invention are extremely environmentally friendly since they contain no lead, no sulfurized whale sperm oil and hardly any phosphorus. This has been shown by fish tests and bacterial growth tests which were carried out with the lubricants or lubricant concentrates according to the invention. It was also found that they are 60% biodegradable in normal soil within 3 to 4 months, so that they can also be described as extremely environmentally friendly.
- the quaternary carbon atom-containing polyol ether compounds used according to the invention are thermally very stable and therefore allow high operating temperatures of up to 300 ° C. They therefore open up the possibility of lifetime lubrication of highly loaded motors, turbines, roller bearings, constant velocity joints and other high-performance machine elements.
- lubricant or lubricant concentrate based on mineral and / or synthetic oil used here means both lubricating oils and lubricating greases based on mineral and / or synthetic oil.
- Compounds containing quaternary carbon atoms are to be understood here as those compounds in which the four main valences of at least one carbon atom per molecule are occupied by four carbon atoms.
- Such compounds are mono-, di- and trimeric pentaerythritheres, other polyol ethers, pentaerythritol ethoxyethers and telomeric acid pentaerythritheres and the corresponding ethoxylated ethers.
- the lubricants or lubricant concentrates according to the invention have significantly improved properties compared to the known lubricants or lubricant concentrates, as the examples below show.
- the glass-like smooth friction and sliding surfaces produced by the lubricant according to the invention save drive energy and lower the coefficient of friction per se and by building up a very adhesive boundary lubrication film which enables elastohydrodynamic lubrication even under point loads.
- the friction temperature of the lubricant and lubrication point is reduced, the oxidation resistance of both is extended and the metallic friction partners are subjected to less specific alternating loads and temperatures. Overall, these effects greatly reduce wear and significantly increase the service life of the friction partners and the lubricant.
- the lubricant or lubricant concentrate contains, as component (b), mono-, di- or tripentaerythritol, the alcoholic hydroxyl group (s) of which is preferably an unbranched or branched alkyl, aralkyl or aryl group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms 6 to 12 carbon atoms, in particular 8 to 12 carbon atoms, is (are) etherified or ethoxy-etherified.
- component (b) mono-, di- or tripentaerythritol
- the lubricant or lubricant concentrate additionally contains a component with at least one free hydroxyl group.
- the lubricant or lubricant concentrate according to the invention contains component (b) in an amount of 0.1 to 40% by weight, preferably 0.1 to 20% by weight, in particular 1 to 12 % By weight, especially from 2 to 6% by weight, based on the weight of the mineral and / or synthetic oil.
- the lubricant or lubricant concentrate according to the invention contains as component (b) an ether and / or ethoxylated ether derivative of mono-, di- or tripentaerythritol and / or a telomeric acid pentaerythrity ether or an ethoxylated derivative thereof.
- the lubricant or lubricant concentrate according to the invention preferably contains beet oil, natural oil and / or a synthetic oil with a viscosity in the range from 1.0 mPa.s at 20 ° C to 2.106 mPa.s at 20 ° C.
- a mineral oil with a viscosity is particularly preferred from 1.0 mPa.s at 20 ° C to 540 mPa.s at 50 ° C as a natural oil and the use of an aromatic or aliphatic dicarboxylic acid ester, in particular poly- ⁇ -olefin-dicarboxylic acid ester, especially butyl ester, with a molecular weight in the range of 1000 to 3000, preferably of diisocyanate phthalate, trimethyladipate and dioctyl sebacate, a polyisobutylene with a molecular weight of 1000 to 100,000 and a viscosity of 200 to 43,000 mPa.s at 100 ° C, a polymethacrylate with a.
- lubricant according to the invention and lubricant concentrate preferably contains a sulfur carrier, particularly a thiazole, at least one metal dialkyldithiocarbamate and / or a metal dialkyldithiophosphate and / or a phosphor carrier, in particular a Organnophosphit, preferably a Dialkylarylphosphit, particularly didecyl or Didodecylphenylphosphit, and / or a metal dialkyldithiophosphate .
- a sulfur carrier particularly a thiazole
- at least one metal dialkyldithiocarbamate and / or a metal dialkyldithiophosphate and / or a phosphor carrier in particular a Organnophosphit, preferably a Dialkylarylphosphit, particularly didecyl or Didodecylphenylphosphit, and / or a metal dialkyldithiophosphate
- the sulfur carrier is preferably present in the lubricant or lubricant concentrate in an amount of 0.5 to 10% by weight, in particular 1 to 3% by weight, while the phosphorus carrier is preferably present in an amount of 0.1 to 10 % By weight, in particular from 0.1 to 5% by weight, especially from 0.5 to 2% by weight.
- the lubricant or lubricant concentrate according to the invention can contain conventional antioxidants, metal deactivators, detergents, dispersants, antifoams and / or viscosity index improvers as further conventional additives.
- polyol ether compounds used according to the invention with at least one quaternary carbon atom in the molecule include the following compounds:
- the underlying mono- and dipentaerythritol has the structure: in which the hydroxyl groups are partially or completely etherified, the ether groups of which are preferably straight or branched alkyl, aralkyl or aryl groups having 6 to 18, preferably 8 to 12, carbon atoms.
- Pentaerythrticianher examples include pentaerythritol monohexyläther, pentaerythritol monooctyläther, pentaerythritol monononyläther, pentaerythritol monodecyläther, pentaerythritol monododecyl, pentaerythritol monomyristyläther, pentaerythritol monohexadecyläther, pentaerythritol monostearyläther, pentaerythritol monooleyläther, pentaerythritol monoisostearyl- and -isopalmitinklaher; the corresponding dihexyl, dioctyl, dinonyl, didecyl, didodecyl, dimyristyl, dihexadecyl, distearyl, dioley
- T telomer
- R T or alkyl
- telomeric acids are compounds with relatively high molecular weights and Long-chain, star-branched structures, which can be etherified in the usual way and whose ethers are valuable lubricants.
- Mineral oils which can be used according to the invention are all the usual mineral oils, from isoparaffin oil with a viscosity of 1.0 mPa.s at 20 ° C to thin spindle oil with a viscosity of 12 mPa.s at 20 ° C to highly viscous bright stock and cylinder oil with a viscosity of 540 mPa .s at 50 ° C.
- organophosphorus compounds which can be used as phosphorus supports according to the invention are compounds of the formula in which R in each case denotes a straight-chain, branched or cyclic alkyl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms or phenyl group substituted in the o- or p-position by a lower alkyl radical having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
- organophosphorus compounds of the above formula are monodecyl diphenyl phosphite, didecylphenyl phosphite, Triphenyl phosphite, dioctyl phenyl phosphite, dihexyl phenyl phosphite, diisodecyl phenyl phosphite, diisooctyl phenyl phosphite, didecyl-o-methylphenyl phosphite and didecyl p-methylphenyl phosphite.
- the metal dialkyldithiocarbamates which can be used according to the invention as sulfur carriers are compounds of the formula wherein Me is a metal from the group copper, silver, zinc, cadmium, boron, titanium, zirconium, tin, lead, vanadium, tantalum, antimony, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, cobalt and nickel, preferably boron, nickel, cobalt or Molybdenum means.
- the metal dialkyldithiophosphates which can be used according to the invention both as a sulfur carrier and as a phosphorus carrier are compounds of the formula wherein Me for a metal from the group copper, silver, zinc, cadmium, boron, titanium, zirconium, tin, lead, vanadium, tantalum, antimony, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, cobalt and nickel, preferably for zinc, nickel, Titanium, vanadium, molybdenum, tungsten and manganese.
- the alkyl group in the above-mentioned metal dialkyldithiocarbamate and metal dialkyldithiophosphates each preferably contain 4 to 8 carbon atoms, so that the metal salts mentioned are still soluble in the commercially available base oils.
- particularly advantageous alkyl groups include the diene, i- and tert-butyl group, the n- and i-amyl group, the n- and i-hexyl group, the n- and i-heptyl group and the 2-ethylhexyl group.
- the i-butyl group, the n- and i-amyl group and the 2-ethylhexyl group are very particularly preferred.
- metal dialkyldithiocarbamates which can be used according to the invention with particular advantage are the following: copper dialkyldithiocarbamates and copper bisdialkyldithiocarbamates; Silver dialkyldithiocarbamates; Zinc and cadmium bisdialkyldithiocarbamates; Boron trisdialkyldithiocarbamate; Titanium, zirconium, tin and lead tetrakisdialkyldithiocarbamates as well as tin and lead bisdialkyldithiocarbamates; Antimony, vanadium and tantalum tris dialkyldithiocarbamates, tetrakis and pentakis dialkyldithiocarbamates and the dialkyldithiocarbamates in which these metals are present in mixed oxidation states; Chromium, chromium tris, chromium tetrakis and chromium hexakisdialkyldithi
- Particularly preferred among these compounds are the boron trisdialkyldithiocarbamates, the nickeltrisdialkyldithiocarbamates and the molybdenum tetrakis and molybdenum oxytetrakisdialkyldithiocarbamates.
- Metal dialkyldithiophosphates which can be used with particular advantage according to the invention are the dialkyldithiophosphates of the same metals in the same oxidation states as those above for the metal dialkyldithiocarbamates have been enumerated.
- Zinc bisdialkyldithiophosphates, nickel bis and tris dialkyl dithiophosphates, titanium and vanadium tetrakis dialkyl dithiophosphates, molybdenum and tungsten tetrakis dialkyl dithiophosphates and molybdenum and tungsten oxytetrakis dialkyl dithiophosphates are very particularly advantageous.
- metal dialkyldithiophosphates used in accordance with the invention are zinc bisdi-2-ethylhexyldithiophosphate, nickel bis- and trisdi-2-ethylhexyldithiophosphate, titanium and vanadium tetrakisdi-2-ethylhexyldithiophosphate as well as molybdenum and tungsten tetrakis and molybdenum oxyethyldithiophosphate.
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Description
- Die Erfindung betrifft ein neues Schmiermittel bzw. Schmiermittelkonzentrat auf der Basis von Mineralöl und/oder Syntheseöl mit verbesserten Schmiereigenschaften, insbesondere verbesserten Lasttrage-,Gleit- und Korrosionsschutzeigenschaften.
- Während der letzten Jahrzehnte wurden zahlreiche Verfahren und Schmierstoffsysteme entwickelt, um bei bewegten Maschinenteilen die Reibung und den Verschleiß zu mindern,somit Energie und Ersatzteilkosten zu senken und die Lebensdauer der Schmierstoffe und Werkstoffe zu verlängern. Als idealer Schmierstoff gilt dabei der "Lifetime Lubricant", der auch den immer drängender werden ökologischen Forderungen entgegenkommt.
- Auf dem Wege zu Langzeit- und Hochleistungs-Schmierstoffen, Schmiersystemen und-Schmierverfahren wurde in der ersten Stufe die sogenannte chemische Verschleißschmierung entwickelt. Mit ihrer Hilfe konnte durch Aufbringung chemisch reaktiver Deckschichten auf Oberflächen oder durch Einbringung chemisch reaktiver Verbindungen in Grundschmiermittel der Metall-Metall-Kontakt durch Salzbildung an den Oberflächen der Mikrogebirge bewegter Teile weitgehend unterbunden werden. Auf diese Weise konnte das Festfressen der Maschinenteile verhindert werden. Gleichzeitig wurde aber der laufende Verschleiß durch Abscherung der Salzschichten bei der Bewegung der Metallteile gegeneinander gefördert. Die Lebensdauer der Werkstoffe blieb daher verhältnismäßig kurz. In einer weiteren Stufe wurden Festschmierstoffe entwickelt, die zwischen die bewegten Metallteile eingebracht wurden, wie z.B. Graphit, MoS₂, TiO₂, Ca₃(PO₄)₂, Teflon und dgl., die als schmierfähige Deckschichten, Suspensionen, Pasten oder Fette eingebracht wurden. Dadurch wurden die Reibpartner besser voneinander getrennt und ihre Belastbarkeit erhöht. Bei zentripetalen Bewegungen höherer Umfangsgeschwindigkeit und bei höherer Temperatur trennen sich jedoch die Festschmierstoffe und Trägermedien über kurz oder lang voneinander aufgrund ihrer unterschiedlichen spezifischen Dichten. Der Langzeitschmierung waren dadurch Grenzen gesetzt. In einem weiteren Schritt gelang es, aus in einem Schmierstoff gelösten chemischen Komplexen heraus geeignete Metallkationen auf reibende Oberflächen während des Betriebs aufzubringen. Sie bilden dort unter Druck und Temperatur der Reibpartner Eutektikas mit den Metallrandschichten, welche die Rauheitstäler glättend auffüllen und die Rauheitsspitzen zum Teil tribochemisch, zum Teil mikroplastisch abflachen. Der anionische Teil der metallorganischen Verbindungen bildet in situ schmier- und und haftfähige Reaktionsschichten auf den frisch umgeformten eutektoiden Reibflächen
- Neben einer noch zu langen Einlaufphase, einem zu hohen Reibungskoeffizienten und Abrieb hat sich bei diesen Schmiersystemen die Steuerung des Reaktionsablaufes als problematisch erwiesen. Entweder gelangte man zu werkstoffunabhängigen Eutektikas und Reaktionsschichten, die eine Feinabtragung herstellungsbedingter Werkstoffunebenheiten in engen Passungen nicht mehr ausreichend vornahmen, so daß an diesen Stellen Überlastungsbereiche entstanden, die zu späteren Metallausbrüchen an den Gleitflächen führten, oder es wurde die aggressive Komponente der metallorganischen Verbindungen verstärkt und damit geriet man wieder in die Phase chemischer Verschleißschmierung mit einer zu hohen Abtragungsrate und somit zu kurzer Lebensdauer.
- Aus der DE-PS 941 678 sind beispielsweise Schmieröle mit einem Gehalt an löslichen Umsetzungsprodukten von Phosphorpentasulfid mit flüssigen oder festen aliphatischen Kohlenwasserstoffen oder Terpenkohlenwasserstoffen bekannt. Aus der DE-PS 923 984 ist ein Schmieröl bekannt, das metallhaltige Alkylphenolsulfidester in Kombination mit Zinksulfonaten enthält. Aus der DE-AS 1 444 892 ist ein Schmieröl bekannt, das ein Salz aus einem aromatischen Zinkdithiophosphat und einem Zinkcarbonsäuresalz in Gegenwart von Wasser enthält. Während die beiden erstgenannten Produkte Schmieröldetergentien darstellen, soll das letztgenannte Produkt die Korrosion von Silberlagerflächen verhindern. Aus der DE-AS 1 296 730 ist ein Schmieröl bekannt, das ein Salz einer substituierten Bernsteinsäure enthält, gegebenenfalls zusammen mit einem Salz einer alkylierten oder veresterten Phosphorsäure. Dabei handelt es sich um ein Antioxidationsmittel mit Detergenswirkung. Aus der DE-AS 1 271 878 ist eine Kombination von Dithiophosphat und Dithiophosphinatsalzen bekannt. Aus der DE-OS 15 94 555 sind Schneidöle mit einem Gehalt an freiem Schwefel, einem Dialkyldithiophosphat und einem chlorierten Kohlenwasserstoff bekannt. Aus der US-PS 3 462 367 sind Schmieröle mit einem Gehalt an Zink- oder Antimondithiocarbamat bekannt. Aus der US-PS 2 758 087 sind Schmieröle bekannt, die eine Schwefel-Phosphor-Verbindung enthalten, die durch Umsetzung von Phosphorpentasulfid mit einem Olefin bei höherer Temperatur erhalten wird und die Zinkphthalat enthält. Alle diese bekannten Schmierölzusätze genügen den heutigen Anforderungen nicht mehr, insbesondere führen sie zu starken oxidischen Ablagerungen im Bereich der Schmierstelle und verursachen einen zu hohen Abrieb. Aus der US-PS 2 734 865 ist es bekannt, ein Schmieröladditiv zu verwenden, das aus einem Dithiophosphat der Erdalkalisalze in Kombination mit einem komplexen Umsetzungsprodukt aus Phosphorsulfiden, Tallölfettsäurealkoholestern, Zinkchlorid und Bariumhydroxid gebildet wird. Die damit erzielbaren Reibbeiwerte und Abriebswerte sind jedoch für die heutigen Anforderungen zu hoch, darüber hinaus ist ihr Flächenpressungswert zu niedrig. Aus der US-PS 2 734 864 sind ferner Schmieröladditive bekannt, die aus einem Dithiophosphat der Erdalkalisalze in Kombination mit einem komplexen Umsetzungsprodukt aus Phosphorsulfiden, Wollfett und Alkoholestern gebildet werden. Das undefinierte Produkt enthält beträchtliche Mengen an Barium und Zink. Ein solches Schmieröladditiv ist schon wegen seines unerträglichen Geruches, der auch die damit in Kontakt kommenden Personen gesundheitlich gefährdet, in der Praxis nicht verwendbar. Aus der DE-PS 1 954 452 sind Schmiermittel auf der Basis von Mineralöl- oder Syntheseöl bekannt, die neben dem Mineral- oder Syntheseöl als Zusätze einen Ester einer epoxidierten Fettsäure mit 10 bis 18 C-Atomen mit ein- oder mehrwertigen Alkoholen, ein Alkyl-, Aralkyl- oder Aryldithiophosphat von Zink, Blei, Zinn, Wolfram, Molybdän, Niob oder Lanthan und gegebenenfalls eine Schwefelphosphorverbindung enthalten.Aus der DE-PS 2 108 780 sind Schmiermittel auf der Basis von Mineral- oder Syntheseöl bzw. Schmiermittelkonzentrate bekannt, die neben einem mit Alkyl-, Aryl- oder Aralkylgruppen veresterten Blei-, Wolfram-, Molybdän und/oder Vanadindithiophosphat noch mindestens eine Zinkdialkyldithiophosphat- und eine metallfreie Schwefel-Phosphor-Verbindung enthalten. Auch diese zuletzt genannten Schmiermittel, die eine weit verbreitete Anwendung gefunden haben, genügen den Anforderungen, die an moderne Langzeit- und Hochleistungsschmierstoffe gestellt werden, nicht mehr in allen Belangen. Ihr Reibungskoeffizient und Abrieb liegen zu hoch, ihre Lagerbeständigkeit ist unzureichend, im Langzeiteinsatz zeigt sich eine zu hohe Reklamationsquote im schmiertechnischen Bereich
- Aufgabe der Erfindung war es daher, ein neues Schmiermittel bzw. Schmiermittelkonzentrat auf der Basis von Mineral- oder Syntheseöl zu schaffen, das hinsichtlich Seiner Schmierereigenschaften, insbesondere seiner Reib- Und Verschleißeigenschaften, weiter verbessert ist , somit den Energie- und Ersatzteilbedarf spürbar verringert und damit auch den höchsten gestellten Anforderungen gerecht wird.
- Es wurde nun gefunden, daß diese Aufgabe erfindungsgemäß überraschenderweise gelöst werden kann, durch ein Schmiermittel, bzw. Schmiermittelkonzentrat, nach Anspruch 1.
- Die erfindungsgemäßen Schmiermittel bzw. Schmiermittelkonzentrate weisen gegenüber den bekannten Schmiermitteln bzw. Schmiermittelkonzentraten wesentlich verbesserte Eigenschaften, insbesondere in bezug auf Reibung und Verschleiß und somit einen erniedrigten Energie- und Ersatzteilbedarf, auf. Es wird angenommen, daß dies darauf zurückzuführen ist, daß bei ihrer Verwendung im Reib- und Gleitbereich metallische Glasflächen aus amorph erstarrten Metallschmelzen, die keine Metallkristallgitterstrukturen mehr aufweisen, entstehen. Die glasartigen glatten Reib- und Gleitflächen, die mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Schmiermittel bzw. Schmiermittelkonzentrat vermutlich erzeugt werden, verbessern deutlich den gesamten Schmiervorgang, da der Reibkoeffizient und mit ihm der Abrieb, die Oxidation und die Korrosion erheblich gesenkt werden. Auch der sogenannte Passungsrost wird durch das erfindungsgemäße Schmiermittel bzw. Schmiermittelkonzentrat verhindert. Hinzu kommt, daß die erfindungsgemäßen Schmiermittel bzw. Schmiermittelkonzentrate außerordentlich umweltfreundlich sind, da sie kein Blei, kein geschwefeltes Walspermöl und kaum Phosphor enthalten. Dies haben Fischtests und Bakterienwachstumstests, die mit den erfindungsgemäßen Schmiermitteln bzw. Schmiermittelkonzentraten durchgeführt wurden, gezeigt. Außerdem wurde festgestellt, daß sie schon innerhalb von 3 bis 4 Monaten in normaler Erde zu 60 % biologisch abbaubar sind, so daß sie auch als außerordentlich umweltverträglich bezeichnet werden können. Sie sind besonders gut geeignet für die Verwendung in komokinetischen Gelenken für Fahrzeuge, d.h. kleinenGelenkenmit einer hohen Drehzahl und einer hohen Belastung, und sie kommen dem als idealen Schmierstoff angesehenen "Lifetime Lubricant" wesentlich näher als alle bisher bekannten Schmiermittel. Hinzu kommt, daß die erfindungsgemäß eingesetzten, quartäre Kohlenstoffatome enthaltenden Polyoläther-Verbindungen thermisch sehr stabil sind und daher hohe Betriebstemperaturen von bis zu 300°C erlauben. Sie eröffnen daher die Möglichkeit zur Lebensdauerschmierung höchst belasteter Motoren, Turbinen, Wälzlager, Gleichlaufgelenke und anderer Hochleistungsmaschinenelemente.
- Unter dem hier verwendeten Ausdruck "Schmiermittel bzw. Schmiermittelkonzentrat auf der Basis von Mineral- und/oder Syntheseöl" sind sowohl Schmieröle als auch Schmierfette auf Mineral- und/oder Syntheseölbasis zu verstehen.
- Unter quartäre Kohlenstoffatome enthaltenden Verbindungen sind hier solche Verbindungen zu verstehen, in denen die vier Hauptvalenzen mindestens eines Kohlenstoffatoms je Molekül mit vier Kohlenstoffatomen besetzt sind. Solche Verbindungen sind mono-, di- und trimere Pentaerythritäther, andere Polyoläther, Pentaerythritethoxyäther sowie Telomersäurepentaerythritäther und die entsprechenden ethoxylierten Äther.
- Die erfindungsgemäßen Schmiermittel bzw. Schmiermittelkonzentrate weisen gegenüber den bekannten Schmiermitteln bzw. Schmiermittelkonzentraten deutlich verbesserte Eigenschaften auf, wie die weiter unten folgenden Beispiele zeigen. Die durch den erfindungsgemäßen Schmierstoff erzeugten glasartigen glatten Reib- und Gleitflächen ersparen Antriebsernergie und erniedrigen den Reibungskoeffizienten per se und durch Aufbau eines sehr haftfesten Grenzschmierfilms, der eine elastohydrodynamische Schmierung auch bei punktförmiger Belastung ermöglicht. Hierdurch wird die Reibtemperatur von Schmierstoff und Schmierstelle herabgesetzt, die Oxidationsbeständigkeit beider verlängert und die metallischen Reibungspartner weniger spezifisch wechsellast-und temperaturbeansprucht.
Insgesamt werden durch diese Effekte der Verschleiß außerordentlich erniedrigt und die Lebensdauer der Reibpartner und des Schmierstoffs deutlich erhöht. Erfindungsgemäß werden diese Verbesserungen innerhalb eines sehr breiten Viskositätsbereiches erzielt, so daß nunmehr auch Öle mit niedriger Viskosität dort verwendet werden können, wo bisher hohe oder mittlere Viskositätsgrade als unbedingt erforderlich angesehen wurden, beispielsweise bei Getrieben, Differentialgetrieben oder Turbinenuntersetzungsgetrieben. Auch erlaubt die thermische Beständigkeit des erfindungsgemäßen Schmiermittels bzw. Schmiermittelkonzentrats seine Verwendung an Schmierstellen hoher Betriebstemperatur, beispielsweise in Dieselmotoren und Flugturbinen. - Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausgestaltung der Erfindung enthält das Schmiermittel bzw. Schmiermittelkonzentrat als Komponente (b) Mono-, Di- oder Tripentaerythrit, dessen alkoholische Hydroxylgruppe(n) durch eine unverzweigte oder verzweigte Alkyl-, Aralkyl- oder Arylgruppe mit 6 bis 18 Kohlenstoffatomen, vorzugsweise 6 bis 12 Kohlenstoffatomen, insbesondere 8 bis 12 Kohlenstoffatomen, veräthert oder ethoxyveräthert ist (sind).
- Gemäß der Erfindung enthält das Schmiermittel bzw. Schmiermittelkonzentrat zusätzlich eine Komponente mit mindestens einer freien Hydroxylgruppe.
- Das erfindusngsgemäße Schmiermittel bzw. Schmiermittelkonzentrat enthält die Komponente (b) gemäß einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausgestaltung der Erfindung in einer Menge von 0,1 bis 40 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise von 0,1 bis 20 Gew.-%, insbesondere von 1 bis 12 Gew.-%, speziell von 2 bis 6 Gew.-%, bezogen auf das Gewicht des Mineral- und/oder Syntheseöls.
- Gemäß einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausgestaltung der Erfindung enthält das erfindungsgemäße Schmiermittel bzw. Schmiermittelkonzentrat als Komponente (b) ein Äther- und/oder ethoxyliertes Ätherderivat von Mono-, Di- oder Tripentaerythrit und/oder einen Telomersäurepentaerythritäther oder ein ethoxyliertes Derivat davon.
- Als Grundöl enthält das erfindungsgemäße Schmiermittel bzw. Schmiermittelkonzentrat vorzugsweise Rüböl, Naturöl und/oder ein Syntheseöl mit einer Viskosität in dem Bereich von 1,0 mPa.s bei 20°C bis 2.10⁶ mPa.s bei 20°C. Besonders bevorzugt ist die Verwendung eines Mineralöls mit einer Viskosität von 1,0 mPa.s bei 20°C bis 540 mPa.s bei 50°C als Naturöl sowie die Verwendung eines aromatischen oder aliphatischen Dicarbonsäureesters, insbesondere Poly-α-olefin-dicarbonsäureesters, speziell -butylesters, mit einem Molekulargewicht im Bereich von 1000 bis 3000, vorzugsweise von Phthalsäurediisodecylester, Trimethyladipinsäuredidecylester und Sebacinsäuredioctylester, eines Polyisobutylens mit einem Molekulargewicht von 1000 bis 100 000 und einer Viskosität von 200 bis 43 000 mPa.s bei 100°C, eines Polymethacrylats mit einer. Viskosität von 1000 mPa.s bei. 100°C, eines nicht-wasserlöslichen Polyglykols mit einer \Viskosität von 5 bis 60 mPa.s bei 100°C, eines Isoparaffinöls und/oder Alkylbenzols mit einem Flammpunkt von über 50°C und einer Viskosität im Bereich von 1,0 mPa.s bei 20°C bis 2 000 000 mPa.s bei 20°C und eines Telomersäureesters, vorzugsweise eines Neopentylglykol- oder Trimethylolpropanesters der Telomersäure.
- Als weiteren Zusatz enthält das erfindungsgemäße Schmiermittel bzw. Schmiermittelkonzentrat vorzugsweise einen Schwefelträger, insbesondere ein Thiazol, mindestens ein Metalldialkyldithiocarbamat und/oder ein Metalldialkyldithiophosphat und/oder einen Phosphorträger, insbesondere ein Organnophosphit, vorzugsweise ein Dialkylarylphosphit, speziell Didecylphenylphosphit oder Didodecylphenylphosphit, und/oder ein Metalldialkyldithiophosphat.
- Der Schwefelträger ist vorzugsweise in einer Menge von 0,5 bis 10 Gew.-%, insbesondere von 1 bis 3 Gew.-%, in dem Schmiermittel bzw. Schmiermittelkonzentrat enthalten, während es den Phosphorträger vorzugsweise in einer Menge von 0,1 bis 10 Gew.-%, insbesondere von 0,1 bis 5 Gew.-%, speziell von 0,5 bis 2 Gew.-%, enthält.
- Als weitere übliche Zusätze kann das erfindungsgemäße Schmiermittel bzw. Schmiermittelkonzentrat gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausgestaltung der Erfindung übliche Antioxidantien, Metalldesaktivatoren, Detergentien, Dispergiermittel, Antischaummittel und/oder Viskositätsindexverbesserer enthalten.
- Weitere Merkmale und Vorteile der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung.
- Zu den erfindungsgemäß verwendeten Polyoläther-Verbindungen mit mindestens einem quartären Kohlenstoffatom im Molekül gehören die folgenden Verbindungen:
-
- Diese Verbindungen lassen sich leicht herstellen und zahlreiche Vertreter dieser Verbindungen sind im Handel erhältlich.
- Beispiele für geeignete Pentaerythritäther sind Pentaerythrit-monohexyläther, Pentaerythrit-monooctyläther, Pentaerythrit-monononyläther, Pentaerythrit-monodecyläther, Pentaerythrit-monododecyläther, Pentaerythrit-monomyristyläther, Pentaerythrit-monohexadecyläther, Pentaerythrit-monostearyläther, Pentaerythrit-monooleyläther, Pentaerythrit-monoisostearyl- und -isopalmitinsäureäther; die entsprechenden Dihexyl-, Dioctyl-, Dinonyl-, Didecyl-, Didodecyl-, Dimyristyl-, Dihexadecyl-, Distearyl-, Dioleyl-, Diisostearyl- und Diisopalmitinsäureäther des Pentaerythrits; die entsprechenden Trihexyl-, Trioctyl-, Trinonyl-, Tridecyl-, Tridodecyl-, Trimyristyl-, Trihexadeyl-, Tristearyl-, Trioleyl-, Triisostearyl- und Triisopalmitinsäureäther des Pentaerythrits, sowie die entsprechenden Tetrahexyl-, Tetraoctyl-, Tetranonyl-, Tetradecyl-, Tetradodecyl-, Tetramyristyl-, Tetrahexadecyl-, Tetrastearyl-, Tetraoleyl-, Tetraisostearyl- und Tetraisopalmitinsäureäther des Pentaerythrits.
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- Bei Telomersäuren handelt es sich bekanntlich um Verbindungen mit verhältnismäßig hohen Molekulargewichten und langkettigen, sternartig verzweigten Strukturen, die auf übliche Weise veräthert werden können und deren Äther wertvolle Schmierstoffe darstellen.
- Erfindungsgemäß verwendbare Mineralöle sind alle üblichen Mineralöle vom Isoparaffinöl mit einer Viskosität von 1,0 mPa.s bei 20°C über dünnes Spindelöl mit einer Viskosität von 12 mPa.s bei 20°C bis zu hochviskosem Brightstock und Zylinderöl mit einer Viskosität von 540 mPa.s bei 50°C.
- Viele der erfindungsgemäß verwendbaren Syntheseöle sind im Handel erhältlich, beispielsweise von der Firma BP unter der Handelsbezeichnung "Hyvis 10" (ein Polyisobutylen mit einer Viskosität bei 100°C von 200 mPa.s), "Hyvis 200" (ein Polyisobutylen mit einer Viskosität bei 100°C von 4300 mPa.s) und "Hyvis 2000" (ein Polyisobutylen mit einer Viskosität bei 100°C von 43 000 mPa.s), Viscoplex 4-95 der Firma Röhm. (ein Polymethacrylat) mit einer Viskosität von 1000 mPa.s bei 100°C , Ucolub N9 mit einer Viskosität von 5,7 mPa.s bei 100°C, Ucolub N36A mit einer Viskosität von 18 mPa.s bei 100°C, Ucolub N 120A mit einer Viskosität von 55 NPa.s bei 100°C (alles nicht-wasserlösliche Polyglykole) der Firma Union Carbide, sowie "Isopar J" der Firma Esso (ein Isoparaffinöl)mit einer Viskosität bei 20°C von 1,0 mPa.s .
Bei den erfindungsgemäß als Phosphorträger verwendbaren Organophosphorverbindungen handelt es sich um Verbindungen der Formel
worin R jeweils eine geradkettige, verzweigte oder cyclische Alkylgruppe mit 6 bis 12 Kohlenstoffatomen oder in o- oder p-Stellung durch einen niederen Alkylrest mit 1 bis 6 Kohlenstoffatomen substituierte Phenylgruppe bedeuten. - Bevorzugte Beispiele für Organophosphorverbindungen der obengenannten Formel sind Monodecyl-diphenylphosphit, Didecylphenylphosphit, Triphenylphosphit, Dioctyl-phenylphosphit, Dihexyl-phenyl-phosphit, Diisodecyl-phenylphosphit, Diisooctyl-phenyl-phosphit, Didecyl-o-methylphenylphosphit und Didecyl-p-methylphenylphosphit.
- Bei den erfindungsgemäß als Schwefelträger verwendbaren Metalldialkyldithiocarbamaten handelt es sich um Verbindungen der Formel
worin Me ein Metall aus der Gruppe Kupfer, Silber, Zink, Cadmium, Bor, Titan, Zirkonium, Zinn, Blei, Vanadin, Tantal, Antimon, Chrom, Molybdän, Wolfram, Mangan, Kobalt und Nickel, vorzugsweise Bor, Nickel, Kobalt oder Molybdän, bedeutet. - Bei den erfindungsgemäß sowohl als Schwefelträger als auch als Phosphorträger verwendbaren Metalldialkyldithiophosphaten handelt es sich um Verbindungen der Formel
worin Me für ein Metall aus der Gruppe Kupfer, Silber, Zink, Cadmium, Bor, Titan, Zirkonium, Zinn, Blei, Vanadin, Tantal, Antimon, Chrom, Molybdän, Wolfram, Mangan, Kobalt und Nickel, vorzugsweise für Zink, Nickel, Titan, Vanadin, Molybdän, Wolfram und Mangan, steht. - Die Alkylgruppe in der obengenannten Metalldialkyldithiocarbamaten und Metalldialkyldithiophosphaten enthält jeweils vorzugsweise 4 bis 8 Kohlenstoffatome, so daß die genannten Metallsalze in den handelsüblichen Grundölen noch löslich sind. Zu Beispielen für besonders vorteilhafte Alkylgruppen gehören dien-, i- und tert-Butylgruppe, die n- und i-Amylgruppe, die n- und i-Hexylgruppe, die n- und i-Heptylgruppe und die 2-Ethylhexylgruppe. Ganz besonders bevorzugt sind die i-Butylgruppe, die n- und i-Amylgruppe und die 2-Ethylhexylgruppe.
- Beispiele für erfindungsgemäß mit besonderem Vorteil verwendbare Metalldialkyldithiocarbamate sind folgende: Kupferdialkyldithiocarbamate und Kupferbisdialkyldithiocarbamate; Silberdialkyldithiocarbamate; Zink- und Cadmiumbisdialkyldithiocarbamate; Bortrisdialkyldithiocarbamate; Titan-, Zirkonium-, Zinn- und Bleitetrakisdialkyldithiocarbamate sowie Zinn- und Bleibisdialkyldithiocarbamate; Antimon-, Vanadin- und Tantaltrisdialkyldithiocarbamate, -tetrakis- und -pentakisdialkyldithiocarbamate sowie die Dialkyldithiocarbamate, in denen diese Metalle im gemischten Oxidationsstufen vorliegen; Chrombis-, Chromtris-, Chromtetrakis- und Chromhexakisdialkyldithiocarbamate, Molybdän- und Wolframtetrakis-, -hexakis- und -oxybis- und -oxytetrakisdialkyl-dithiocarbamate; Manganbis-, -tris- und -hexakisdialkyldithiocarbamate; und Kobalt- und Nickelbis- und -tris-dialkyldithiocarbamate.
- Unter diesen Verbindungen besonders bevorzugt sind die Bortrisdialkyldithiocarbamate, die Nickeltrisdialkyldithiocarbamate und die Molybdäntetrakis- und Molybdänoxytetrakisdialkyldithiocarbamate.
- Metalldialkyldithiophosphate, die erfindungsgemäß mit besonderem Vorteil verwendet werden können, sind die Dialkyldithiophosphate der gleichen Metalle in den gleichen Oxidationsstufen wie sie oben für die Metalldialkyldithiocarbamate aufgezählt worden sind.
- Ganz besonders vorteilhaft sind Zinkbisdialkyldithiophosphate, Nickelbis- und -trisdialkyldithiophosphate, Titan- und Vanadintetrakisdialkyldithiophosphate, Molybdän- und Wolframtetrakisdialkyldithiophosphate und Molybdän- und Wolframoxytetrakisdialkyldithiophosphate.
- Besonders bevorzugte Vertreter der erfindungsgemäß verwendeten Metalldialkyldithiocarbamate sind:
- Bortrisdiiosbutyldithiocarbamat, Brotrisdiamyldithiocarbamat, Bortrisdi-2-ethylhexyldithiocarbamat, Nickeltrisdiisobutyldithiocarbamat, Nickeltrisdiamyldithiocarbamat, Nickeltrisdi-2-ethylhexyldithiocarbamat, Molybdäntetrakisdi-2-ethylhexyldithiocarbamat, Molybdänoxytetrakisdi-2-ethylhexyldithiocarbamat und Kobaltbisdiisobutyldithiocarbamat.
- Besonders bevorzugte Vertreter der erfindungsgemäß verwendeten Metalldialkyldithiophosphate sind Zinkbisdi-2-ethylhexyldithiophosphat, Nickelbis- und -trisdi-2-ethylhexyldithiophosphat, Titan- und Vanadintetrakisdi-2-ethylhexyldithiophosphat sowie Molybdän- und Wolframtetrakis- und Molybdänoxy- und Wolframoxytetrakisdi-2-ethylhexyldithiophosphat.
Claims (9)
- Schmiermittel bzw. Schmiermittelkonzentrat auf der Basis von Mineral- und/oder Syntheseöl, das eine Verbindung mit mindestens einem quartären Kohlenstoffatom und mindestens einer Ätherbindung im Molekül sowie weitere übliche Zusätze enthält, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es enthält(a) mindestens einen 4- bis 8-wertigen Alkohol mit mindestens einem quartären Kohlenstoffatom und mindestens einer Ätherbindung im Molekül mit einer Dichte d₂₀ von mindestens 0,900 und einer Enthalpie ΔH von mindestens 350 kcal/kg, ausgewählt aus der Gruppe der Mono-, Di- und Tripentaerythrite, deren alkoholische Hydroxylgruppen durch eine unverzweigte oder verzweigte Alkyl-, Aralkyl- oder Arylgruppe mit 6 bis 18 Kohlenstoffatomen veräthert oder ethoxyveräthert sind,(b) eine zusätzliche Komponente mit mindestens einer freien Hydroxylgruppe im Molekül,(c) mindestens ein Metalldialkyldithiocarbamat der FormelMe ein Metall aus der Gruppe Kupfer, Silber, Zink, Cadmium, Bor,Titan, Zirkonium, Zinn, Blei, Vanadin, Tantal, Antimon, Chrom, Molybdän, Wolfram, Mangan, Kobalt und Nickel undAlkyl eine Alkylgruppe mit 4 bis 8 Kohlenstoffatomen,(d) mindestens ein Dialkylaryl-, Monoalkyldiaryl-, Trialkyl- oder Triarylphosphit, in dein die Alkylgruppe unverzweigt, verzweigt oder zyklisch ist und 8 bis 12 Kohlenstoffatome aufweist und die Arylgruppe einen in o- oder p-Stellung durch einen Alkylrest mit 1 bis 6 Kohlenstoffatomen substituierten Phenylrest darstellt,(e) ein Thiazol und(f) als weitere übliche Zusätze an sich bekannte Antioxidationsmittel, Metalldesaktivatoren, Detergentien, Dispergiermittel, Antischaummittel und/oder Viskositätsindexverbesserungsmittel.
- Schmiermittel bzw. Schmiermittelkonzentrat nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es als weitere Komponente enthält(g) mindestens ein Metalldialkyldithiophosphat der allgemeinen FormelMe ein Metall aus der Gruppe Kupfer, Silber, Zink, Cadmium, Bor, Titan, Zirkonium, Zinn, Blei, Vanadin, Tantal, Antimon, Chrom, Molybdän, Wolfram, Mangan, Cobalt und Nickel undAlkyl eine Alkylgruppe mit 4 bis 8 Kohlenstoffatomen.
- Schmiermittel bzw. Schmiermittelkonzentrat nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es mindestens ein Dialkyldithiocarbamat von Bor, Nickel, Cobalt und Molybdän und/oder mindestens ein Dialkyldithiophosphat von Zink, Nickel, Molybdän, Wolfram, Titan, Vanadin und Mangan enthält.
- Schmiermittel bzw. Schmiermittelkonzentrat nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es Bortrisdiisobutyldithiocarbamat und/oder Bortrisdi-2-ethylhexyldithiocarbamat in Kombination mit Nickeltrisdiisobutyldithiocarbamat, Nickeltrisdiamyldithiocarbamat und/oder Nickeltrisdi-2-ethylhexyldithiocarbamat sowie Zinkbisdi-2-ethylhexyldithiophosphat, Nickeltrisdi-2-ethylhexyldithiophosphat, Titantetrakisdi-2-ethylhexyldithiophosphat, Vanadintetrakisdi-2-ethylhexyldithiophosphat, Molybdäntetrakis- oder Molybdänoxytetrakisdi-2-ethylhexyldithiophosphat, Wolframtetrakis- und/oder Wolframoxytetrakisdi-2-ethylhexyldithiophosphat enthält.
- Schmiermittel bzw. Schmiermittelkonzentrat nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es die Komponente (a) in einer Menge von 0,1 bis 40 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise 0,1 bis 20 Gew.-%, insbesondere 1 bis 12 Gew.-%, speziell 2 bis 6 Gew.-%, bezogen auf das Gewicht des Mineral- und/oder Syntheseöls, enthält.
- Schmiermittel bzw. Schmiermittelkonzentrat nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es als Grundöl Rüböl, Naturöl und/oder ein Syntheseöl mit einer Viskosität im Bereich von 1,0 bis 2 x 10⁶ mPa.s bei 20°C enthält.
- Schmiermittel bzw. Schmiermittelkonzentrat nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es als Naturöl ein Mineralöl mit einer Viskosität von 1,0 mPa.s bei 20°C bis 540 mPa.s bei 50°C und/oder als Syntheseöl einen aromatischen oder aliphatischen Dicarbonsäureester, insbesondere Poly-α-olefin-dicarbonsäureester, speziell -butylester, mit einem Molekulargewicht im Bereich von 1 000 bis 3 000, vorzugsweise Phthalsäurediisodecyläther, Trimethyladipinsäuredidecylester und Sebacinsäuredioctylester, ein Polyisobutylen mit einem Molekulargewicht von 1 000 bis 100 000 und einer Viskosität von 200 bis 43 000 mPa.s bei 100°C, ein Polymethacrylat mit einer Viskosität von 1 000 mPa.s bei 100°C, ein nicht-wasserlösliches Polyglycol mit einer Viskosität von 5 bis 60 mPa.s bei 100°C, ein Isoparaffinöl und/oder Alkylbenzol mit einem Flammpunkt von über 50°C und einer Viskosität im Bereich von 1,0 bis 2 000 000 mPa.s bei 20°C enthält.
- Schmiermittel bzw. Schmiermittelkonzentrat nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es die Schwefel enthaltende(n) Verbindung(en) in einer Menge von 0,5 bis 10 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise 1 bis 3 Gew.-%, enthält.
- Schmiermittel bzw. Schmiermittelkonzentrat nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es die Phosphor enthaltende(n) Verbindung(en) in einer Menge von 0,1 bis 5 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise 0,5 bis 2 Gew.-%, enthält.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19873712134 DE3712134A1 (de) | 1987-04-10 | 1987-04-10 | Schmiermittel bzw. schmiermittelkonzentrat |
DE3712134 | 1987-04-10 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0286140A1 EP0286140A1 (de) | 1988-10-12 |
EP0286140B1 true EP0286140B1 (de) | 1994-09-07 |
Family
ID=6325306
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP88105726A Expired - Lifetime EP0286140B1 (de) | 1987-04-10 | 1988-04-11 | Schmiermittel bzw. Schmiermittelkonzentrat |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0286140B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP3211959B2 (de) |
AT (1) | ATE111150T1 (de) |
CA (1) | CA1339121C (de) |
DE (2) | DE3712134A1 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2063742T3 (de) |
WO (1) | WO1988008022A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH06200270A (ja) * | 1992-12-29 | 1994-07-19 | Tonen Corp | 終減速機用潤滑油組成物 |
WO1995019411A1 (en) * | 1994-01-13 | 1995-07-20 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Additives for lubricants |
US5500107A (en) * | 1994-03-15 | 1996-03-19 | Betz Laboratories, Inc. | High temperature corrosion inhibitor |
TW340870B (en) * | 1995-04-07 | 1998-09-21 | Nippon Nogen Co Ltd | Lubricating oil additive, lubricating oil and working fluid for refrigerators |
CA2223256A1 (en) * | 1995-08-30 | 1997-03-06 | Hirotaka Tomizawa | Lubricating oil composition |
WO1997015644A1 (fr) * | 1995-10-23 | 1997-05-01 | Nsk Ltd. | Composition lubrifiante |
GB9813071D0 (en) | 1998-06-17 | 1998-08-19 | Exxon Chemical Patents Inc | Lubricant compositions |
EP3476922B1 (de) | 2016-06-23 | 2021-08-25 | JXTG Nippon Oil & Energy Corporation | Schmierfettzusammensetzung für gleichlaufgelenke und gleichlaufgelenk mit darin verschlossener schmierfettzusammensetzung |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR1543830A (fr) * | 1966-11-10 | 1968-10-25 | Mobil Oil Corp | Compositions lubrifiantes contenant des additifs anti-corrosion perfectionnés |
US3843542A (en) * | 1972-07-31 | 1974-10-22 | Chevron Res | Hydraulic oil |
FR2467186A1 (fr) * | 1979-10-15 | 1981-04-17 | Elf France | Alkylethers de polyols, leur preparation et leurs emplois |
AT381719B (de) * | 1979-10-15 | 1986-11-25 | Elf France | Schmiermittel oder schmiermittelzusaetze |
GB2065148A (en) * | 1979-12-14 | 1981-06-24 | Cooper & Co Ltd Edwin | Lubricating composition |
JPS5861189A (ja) * | 1981-10-07 | 1983-04-12 | Hitachi Ltd | 塑性加工用潤滑剤組成物 |
JPS5975995A (ja) * | 1982-10-25 | 1984-04-28 | Showa Shell Sekiyu Kk | 耐摩耗性、極圧性及び摩擦特性にすぐれた潤滑組成物 |
FR2540104B1 (fr) * | 1983-02-01 | 1987-07-17 | Elf France | Synthese des ethers de polyols |
-
1987
- 1987-04-10 DE DE19873712134 patent/DE3712134A1/de active Granted
-
1988
- 1988-04-08 CA CA000563729A patent/CA1339121C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1988-04-11 AT AT88105726T patent/ATE111150T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-04-11 EP EP88105726A patent/EP0286140B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-04-11 WO PCT/EP1988/000301 patent/WO1988008022A1/de unknown
- 1988-04-11 JP JP50365188A patent/JP3211959B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1988-04-11 ES ES88105726T patent/ES2063742T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-04-11 DE DE3851356T patent/DE3851356D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPH01503545A (ja) | 1989-11-30 |
DE3712134C2 (de) | 1993-07-15 |
CA1339121C (en) | 1997-07-29 |
DE3851356D1 (de) | 1994-10-13 |
WO1988008022A1 (en) | 1988-10-20 |
ES2063742T3 (es) | 1995-01-16 |
JP3211959B2 (ja) | 2001-09-25 |
ATE111150T1 (de) | 1994-09-15 |
EP0286140A1 (de) | 1988-10-12 |
DE3712134A1 (de) | 1988-10-27 |
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