DK2484602T3 - Omsnøringsbånd af fornyelige råstoffer - Google Patents
Omsnøringsbånd af fornyelige råstoffer Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- DK2484602T3 DK2484602T3 DK11153390.7T DK11153390T DK2484602T3 DK 2484602 T3 DK2484602 T3 DK 2484602T3 DK 11153390 T DK11153390 T DK 11153390T DK 2484602 T3 DK2484602 T3 DK 2484602T3
- Authority
- DK
- Denmark
- Prior art keywords
- strapping
- raw material
- mol
- welding
- derivatives
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G63/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G63/02—Polyesters derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids or from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C63/00—Lining or sheathing, i.e. applying preformed layers or sheathings of plastics; Apparatus therefor
- B29C63/02—Lining or sheathing, i.e. applying preformed layers or sheathings of plastics; Apparatus therefor using sheet or web-like material
- B29C63/04—Lining or sheathing, i.e. applying preformed layers or sheathings of plastics; Apparatus therefor using sheet or web-like material by folding, winding, bending or the like
- B29C63/08—Lining or sheathing, i.e. applying preformed layers or sheathings of plastics; Apparatus therefor using sheet or web-like material by folding, winding, bending or the like by winding helically
- B29C63/10—Lining or sheathing, i.e. applying preformed layers or sheathings of plastics; Apparatus therefor using sheet or web-like material by folding, winding, bending or the like by winding helically around tubular articles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
- B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
- B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
- B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
- B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
- B29C66/1122—Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
- B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
- B29C66/43—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
- B29C66/432—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles for making tubular articles or closed loops, e.g. by joining several sheets ; for making hollow articles or hollow preforms
- B29C66/4322—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles for making tubular articles or closed loops, e.g. by joining several sheets ; for making hollow articles or hollow preforms by joining a single sheet to itself
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
- B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
- B29C66/43—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
- B29C66/432—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles for making tubular articles or closed loops, e.g. by joining several sheets ; for making hollow articles or hollow preforms
- B29C66/4324—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles for making tubular articles or closed loops, e.g. by joining several sheets ; for making hollow articles or hollow preforms for making closed loops, e.g. belts
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/71—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
- B29C66/737—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined
- B29C66/7371—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined oriented or heat-shrinkable
- B29C66/73711—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined oriented or heat-shrinkable oriented
- B29C66/73712—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined oriented or heat-shrinkable oriented mono-axially
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29D—PRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
- B29D29/00—Producing belts or bands
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
- B65B13/00—Bundling articles
- B65B13/02—Applying and securing binding material around articles or groups of articles, e.g. using strings, wires, strips, bands or tapes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D63/00—Flexible elongated elements, e.g. straps, for bundling or supporting articles
- B65D63/10—Non-metallic straps, tapes, or bands; Filamentary elements, e.g. strings, threads or wires; Joints between ends thereof
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C55/00—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor
- B29C55/02—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor of plates or sheets
- B29C55/04—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor of plates or sheets uniaxial, e.g. oblique
- B29C55/06—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor of plates or sheets uniaxial, e.g. oblique parallel with the direction of feed
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
- B29C65/06—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using friction, e.g. spin welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
- B29C65/08—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using ultrasonic vibrations
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
- B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
- B29C65/16—Laser beams
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
- B29C65/18—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
- B29C65/18—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools
- B29C65/20—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools with direct contact, e.g. using "mirror"
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
- B29C66/731—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined
- B29C66/7316—Surface properties
- B29C66/73161—Roughness or rugosity
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
- B29C66/737—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined
- B29C66/7371—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined oriented or heat-shrinkable
- B29C66/73711—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined oriented or heat-shrinkable oriented
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
- B29C66/737—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined
- B29C66/7379—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined degradable
- B29C66/73791—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined degradable biodegradable
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2995/00—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds
- B29K2995/0037—Other properties
- B29K2995/0059—Degradable
- B29K2995/006—Bio-degradable, e.g. bioabsorbable, bioresorbable or bioerodible
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions mitigation
- Y02W90/10—Bio-packaging, e.g. packing containers made from renewable resources or bio-plastics
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Package Frames And Binding Bands (AREA)
- Biological Depolymerization Polymers (AREA)
- Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)
- Shaping By String And By Release Of Stress In Plastics And The Like (AREA)
- Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Adhesive Tapes (AREA)
Description
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BESKRIVELSE
Opfindelsen angår et ekstruderet omsnøringsbånd, der kan svejses sammen med sig selv, af et materiale, der indeholder et fomyeligt råstof, såvel som en fremgangsmåde til fremstilling af dette og en fremgangsmåde til omsnøring af et objekt. I midten af 90’eme blev der udviklet bånd til emballeringsformål, der var fremstillet af materialer, der er fuldstændigt biologisk nedbrydelige. Disse bånd indeholdt overvejende stivelse. Disse bånd kunne ganske vist i princippet svejses sammen med sig selv. Men på grund af den dårlige termiske bestandighed ved stivelse var disse bånd imidlertid helt uegnede som omsnøringsbånd, da svejsestedet bristede ved den for omsnøringsbånd sædvanlige trækbelastning. Fordi stivelse hører til gruppen af polysacharider var disse tidligere bånd heller ikke hydrolysebestandige og fremviste en lav varmeformbestandighed. Teknisk stivelse er desuden sædvanligvis tilsat andre komponenter som for eksempel polyhydroxysmørsyre i en meget høj andel, hvilket medfører yderligere ulemper. De dengang udviklede bånd var uegnede som omsnøringsbånd (jf. DE 295 20 448 Ul, DE 295 20 449 U1 eller også EP 0 799 335 Bl). DE 196 54 030 C2 beskriver en tekstil vækstbærer, ved hvilken der er tilvejebragt en wirelignende tredimensional maskestruktur af polyethylen. Denne polyethylen beskrives i spalte 2, linje 35 som typisk materiale i omsnøringsbånd til emballeringsautomater. Foruden dette materiale til maskestrukturen er den ansøgte vækstbærer desuden forsynet med en tekstil struktur, der skal tjene som vækstflade til mikroorganismer. Denne tekstile struktur kan af bestå af nedbrydelige organiske substanser (spalte 1, linje 18). På trods af den entydigt definerede tekniske opgave faldt det ikke den daværende fagmand ind også at anvende et nedbrydeligt organisk materiale som materiale til den wirelignende maskestruktur. Dette viser, at der tilsyneladende fandtes fordomme mod at anvende organiske nedbrydelige materialer til omsnøringsbånd. DE 44 46 054 Al beskriver tråde med høj styrke af fomyelige råstoffer baseret på stivelse. Som mulig anvendelse nævnes på side 4 i linje 46 også blandt andet omsnøringsbanderoler. Vævede omsnøringsbanderoler indebærer foruden deres komplekse fremstillingsmåde imidlertid forskellige ulemper, således at de ikke kunne slå igennem. JP-A-2001019027 beskriver et ekstruderet omsnøringsbånd, der kan svejses sammen med sig selv, af et materiale, der indeholder et fomyeligt råstof såsom polymælkesyre. 2 WO-A-9300210 beskriver et ekstruderet omsnøringsbånd, der kan svejses sammen med sig selv, af et materiale, hvor det fomyelige råstof er modificeret med vinylacetatderivater. JP 2002 358445 A, DE 94 19 475 Ul, JP 2004 034994 A, DE 295 20 449 U1 beskriver et ekstruderet omsnøringsbånd, der kan svejses sammen med sig selv.
Formålet med den foreliggende opfindelsen er således at tilvejebringe et omsnøringsbånd, der kan svejses sammen med sig selv på en sådan måde, at det efterfølgende også fremviser den nødvendige trækstyrke til anvendelse som omsnøringsbånd og den nødvendige varmeformbestandighed og hydrolysestabilitet og på den anden side er så biologisk nedbrydelig som muligt.
Formålet, der ligger til grund for opfindelsen, opnås i en første udførelsesform ved hjælp af et ekstruderet omsnøringsbånd, der kan svejses sammen med sig selv, af et materiale, der indeholder et fomyeligt råstof og i givet fald er biologisk nedbrydeligt, hvor polymælkesyren for i det mindste 90 vægtprocents vedkommende er fremstillet af L-mælkesyre, og hvor det fomyelige råstof er modificeret med en koblingsreagens, der er udvalgt fra gruppen maleinsyrederivater, glycidylmethacrylatderivater, methacrylsyrederivater, organiske siliciumforbindelser, vinylacetatderivater eller blandinger af disse.
For første gang kunne der på denne måde stilles biologisk nedbrydelige omsnøringsbånd til rådighed, der medfører den nødvendige hydrolysestabilitet og varmeformbestandighed til anvendelsen som omsnøringsbånd såvel som trækstyrken.
Fortrinsvis er det fomyelige råstof udvalgt fra gruppen cellulose, alifatisk polyester, polyamid, alifatisk polyesteramid, polyhydroxyalkanoat, polyvinylalkohol, polyalkylenglycol, lignin eller en copolymer, der i det mindste indeholder en af forbindelserne, eller blandinger eller derivater af disse. I modsætning til de hidtil kendte pakkebånd, der var baseret på stivelse, kunne der på denne måde for første gang opnås biologisk nedbrydelige omsnøringsbånd, der fremviser en særligt høj hydrolysestabilitet og høj varmeformbestandighed. Stivelse indebar som polysacharid også den yderligere ulempe, at pakkebåndene af stivelse eksempelvis blev nedbrudt termisk i forbindelse med sammensvejsningen, hvorved svejsepunkteme så at sige blev til brudsteder. Disse ulemper kunne overvindes med denne foretrukne udførelsesform. Således ligger andelen af stivelse i omsnøringsbåndet ifølge opfindelsen også fortrinsvis på højst 10 vægtprocent, særligt højst 5 vægtprocent. Ganske særligt foretrukket indeholder omsnøringsbåndet ifølge opfindelsen slet ingen stivelse. En yderligere ulempe ved emballeringsbåndene, der var baseret på stivelse og kendes fra teknikkens stade, var desuden, at teknisk stivelse sædvanligvis for over 50 vægtprocents vedkommende eksempelvis består af polyhydroxysmørsyre. 3
Fortrinsvis er det fomyelige råstof en alifatisk polyester, særligt foretrukket polymælkesyre (PLA), polybutylen-succinat (PBS) eller blandinger eller derivater af disse. Disse særlige alifatiske polyestere har vist sig at være særligt egnede, da de på denne måde opnåede omsnøringsbånd fremviser en særligt god hydrolysestabilitet og en høj varmeformbestandighed.
Polymælkesyren er for mindst 90 vægtsprocents vedkommende fremstillet af L-mælkesyre. Det har nemlig på overraskende vis vist sig, at der på denne måde kunne opnås en særligt høj krystallisationsgrad, således at disse bånd kunne strækkes særligt godt. Bånd med en højere andel af D-syre syntes snarere at resultere i en amorf polymer, der ikke var særligt egnet til strækning.
Det fomyelige råstof er modificeret med en koblingsreagens, der er udvalgt lfa gruppen maleinsyrederivater, glycidylmethacrylatderivater, methacrylsyrederivater, organiske siliciumforbindelser, vinylacetatderivater eller blandinger af disse. De organiske siliciumforbindelser kan frem for alt være silanderivater som eksempelvis VTMS (vinyltrimethoxysilan). På denne måde kan der opnås et helt nyt råstof, der er overraskende velegnet til anvendelse som omsnøringsbånd. Frem for alt kan stivelsen, der ellers er forbundet med ulemper, herved modificeres på en sådan måde, at den endda kan være egnet til anvendelse som omsnøringsbånd. På fordelagtig vis indeholder omsnøringsbåndets materiale mindst 10 vægtprocent, særligt foretrukket mindst 70 vægtprocent af fomyelige råstoffer. På denne måde kan det garanteres, at omsnøringsbåndet særligt nemt kan nedbrydes biologisk.
Fortrinsvis er omsnøringsbåndet strakt, særligt strakt monoaksialt, ganske særligt foretrukket strakt i det mindste i forholdet 1 til 3. På denne måde kan egenskaberne, der er særligt vigtige for et omsnøringsbånd, såsom trækstyrke, rivestyrke og udvidelsesforhold påvirkes på særligt fordelagtig vis. Bredden af omsnøringsbåndet ifølge opfindelsen ligger eksempelvis inden for et område på 3 mm til 50 mm, særligt inden for et område på 4 mm til 32 mm. Tykkelsen af omsnøringsbåndet ifølge opfindelsen ligger eksempelvis inden for et område på 0,2 mm til 2 mm, særligt inden for et område på 0,4 mm til 1,5 mm. I den forbindelse kan båndets overflade eksempelvis enten være glat eller opruet ved hjælp af en prægeprofil. Omsnøringsbåndet opvikles på en rulle med en båndlængde på for det meste 1000 m til 8000 m. Disse dimensioner medfører en særlig høj egnethed af omsnøringsbåndet til dets bestemmelse, nemlig den automatiske omsnøring af genstande ved hjælp af halvautomatiske eller fuldautomatiske omsnøringsanordninger. 4
Smeltemassens volumenstrøm (MVR) i henhold til DIN EN ISO 1133 ligger ved 190 °C og 2,16 kg ekempelvis inden for et område på 3 til 8. Glasovergangstemperaturen af det fomyelige råstof ligger eksempelvis inden for et område på 50 °C til 80 °C. Tætheden af det fomyelige råstof ligger eksempelvis inden for et område på 1,1 g/cm3 til 1,4 g/cm3. Smeltepunktet for det fomyelige råstof ligger eksempelvis inden for et område på 130 °C til 200 °C. Disse egenskaber ved det fomyelige råstof har vist sig at være særligt egnede til at opnå et omsnøringsbånd, der let kan fremstilles, med gode mekaniske egenskaber.
Fortrinsvis ligger den gennemsnitlige molare masse Mw af det fomyelige råstof inden for et område på 20.000 g/mol til 300.000 g/mol, særligt inden for et område på 100.000 g/mol til 220.000 g/mol. Sådanne fomyelige råstoffer resulterer på overraskende vis i omsnøringsbånd med et særligt afbalanceret forhold mellem lav skørhed og høj trækstyrke. Sædvanlige tilsætningsstoffer, additiver og andre modifikatorer kan eksempelvis være indeholdt i en andel mellem 0 vægtprocent og 10 vægtprocent, særligt i en andel mellem 0,5 vægtprocent og 2 vægtprocent.
Materialet af omsnøringsbåndet kan foruden det fomyelige råstof i en andel på mellem 0 vægtprocent og 90 vægtprocent indeholde yderligere termoplastiske og eventuelt biologisk nedbrydelige materialer.
Hvad det fomyelige råstof angår, kan det også dreje sig om en copolymer, særligt om en copolymer af polymælkesyre. I den forbindelse udgår monomerandelen af L-mælkesyre i forstadiet til polymælkesyre fortrinsvis mere end 10 %, særligt mere end 50 %, ganske særligt foretrukket mere end 90 %.
Fortrinsvis udgør fiberindholdet i omsnøringsbåndet ifølge opfindelsen højst 10 vægtprocent, særligt højst 1 vægtprocent. Ganske særligt foretrukket indeholder omsnøringsbåndet ifølge opfindelsen ingen fibre. På denne måde kan uhomogeniteter ved egenskaberne særligt ved forarbejdningen af fibre sammen med termoplastiske materialer eksempelvis som følge af luftindeslutninger undgås.
Omsnøringsbåndet ifølge opfindelsen kan eksempelvis svejses sammen ved hjælp af ultralydssvejsning, lasersvejsning, friktionssvejsning og/eller kontaktsvejsning.
Omsnøringsbåndet ifølge opfindelsen kan eksempelvis være præget eller også være glat. 5 I en yderligere udførelsesform opnås formålet, der ligger til grund for opfindelsen, ved hjælp af en fremgangsmåde til fremstilling af et omsnøringsbånd ifølge opfindelsen, kendetegnet ved, at man i det mindste udfører følgende trin: a) smeltning og ekstrudering af et materiale, der indeholder det fomyelige råstof, og b) afkøling af smeltemassen i en fluid og c) strækning, fiksering og/eller afkøling af det opnåede bånd. I den forbindelse ligger ekstruderingstemperaturen eksempelvis inden for et område på 170 °C til 250 °C, særligt foretrukket inden for et område på 190 °C til 220 °C. Som råstof kan der anvendes granulat. Der kan anvendes en enkeltsnekke- eller dobbeltsnekkeekstruder. I forbindelse med ekstruderingen kan der anvendes en slidsdyse til formgivning.
Fortrinsvis ledes ekstrudatet umiddelbart efter ekstruderingen ind i et vandbad. Dette vandbad har eksempelvis en temperatur inden for et område på 5 °C til 75 °C. Eksempelvis kan omsnøringsbåndet derefter strækkes monoaksialt i forskellige fluider. Særligt foretrukket kan strækningen udføres i luft eller vand. Eksempelvis strækkes omsnøringsbåndet i et forhold på mellem 1:3 og 1:8. Efterfølgende kan det opståede omsnøringsbånd eventuelt præges.
Efterfølgende kan omsnøringsbåndet fikseres i luft og afkøles i luft eller i et vandigt medium og efterfølgende eventuelt opspoles. I en yderligere udførelsesform opnås formålet, der ligger til grund for opfindelsen, ved hjælp af en fremgangsmåde til omsnøring af et objekt med et omsnøringsbånd ifølge opfindelsen, kendetegnet ved, at man placerer omsnøringsbåndet rundt om objektet, således at omsnøringsbåndet i det mindste på et enkelt sted overlappes med sig selv, og at man efterfølgende på dette sted svejser de overlappende steder af omsnøringsbåndet sammen med hinanden.
Sammensvejsningen kan foretages ved hjælp af friktionssvejsning, lasersvejsning eller varmkilesvejsning. Særligt foretrukket svejses de overlappende steder sammen med hinanden ved hjælp af ultralydssvejsning.
Hidtil var det i praksis ikke muligt at sammensvejse især strakte fomyelige råstoffer og særligt alifatiske polyestere som eksempelvis polymælkesyre. Der herskede den fordom, at netop fomyelige råstoffer 6 ville blive degraderet termisk derved, og at de mekaniske egenskaber ville forringes i så stort et omfang, at en anvendelse som omsnøringsbånd ikke længere ville være mulig. Det viste sig nu på overraskende vis, at fomyelige råstoffer kan svejses sammen ved hjælp af ultralydssvejsning uden at miste den principielle egnethed som omsnøringsbånd med den betydelige trækstyrke, der eksempelvis er nødvendig hertil.
UDFØRELSESEKSEMPEL
Granulat af polymælkesyre (PLA polymer 4032D fra firmaet NatureWorks), der er en L-polymælkesyre, blev smeltet og ekstruderet ved 220 °C gennem en slidsdyse med en enkeltsnekkeekstruder. Ekstrudatet blev ført ind i et vandbad med en temperatur på 50 °C og efterfølgende strakt i forholdet 1 til 4 i luft. Efterfølgende blev det opståede bånd fikseret i luft og afkølet og derefter opspolet. Med dette opståede omsnøringsbånd blev en almindelig flyttekasse efterfølgende omsnøret i en test, ved at båndet blev lagt rundt om flyttekassen, således at de to ender af omsnøringsbåndet overlappede hinanden med 2 cm. De overlappende ender af omsnøringsbåndet blev svejset sammen med hinanden ved hjælp af ultralydssvejsning. Samlet set blev fremstillingsparametrene og særligt tykkelsen og bredden af slidsdysen i forbindelse med ekstruderingen valgt på en sådan måde, at der efter strækningen opstod et omsnøringsbånd med en tykkelse på 0,7 mm og en bredde på 12 mm.
Omsnøringsbåndet, der blev fremstillet ifølge opfindelsen, var præget på overfladen og havde en rivestyrke på mere end 145 N/mm2 (i henhold til DIN 53504). Brudforlængelsen udgjorde mindre end 20 % (i henhold til DIN 53504). Der kunne ikke iagttages nogen degradering som følge af hydrolyse. Det opnåede omsnøringsbånd var hydrolysestabilt. Derudover var det opnåede omsnøringsbånd varmeformbestandigt op til i det mindste 70 °C.
Claims (7)
- 71. Omsnøringsbånd, der er ekstruderet og kan svejses sammen med sig selv, af et materiale, der indeholder polymælkesyre som fomyeligt råstof, hvor polymælkesyren i det mindste for 90 vægtprocents vedkommende er fremstillet af L-mælkesyre, og det fomyelige råstof er modificeret med en koblingsreagens, der er udvalgt fra gruppen maleinsyrederivater, glycidylmethacrylatderivater, methacrylsyrederivater, organiske siliciumforbindelser, vinylacetatderivater eller blandinger af disse.
- 2. Omsnøringsbånd ifølge krav 1, kendetegnet ved, at det er strakt, særligt er strakt monoaksialt, ganske særligt foretrukket er strakt i det mindste i forholdet 1 til 3.
- 3. Omsnøringsbånd ifølge et af kravene 1 til 2, kendetegnet ved, at den gennemsnitlige molare masse Mw af det fomyelige råstof ligger inden for et område på 20.000 g/mol til 300.000 g/mol, særligt inden for et område på 100.000 g/mol til 220.000 g/mol.
- 4. Omsnøringsbånd ifølge et af kravene 1 til 3, kendetegnet ved, at fiberindholdet højst udgør 10 vægtprocent, særligt højst 1 vægtprocent.
- 5. Fremgangsmåde til fremstilling af et omsnøringsbånd ifølge et af kravene 1 til 4, kendetegnet ved, at man i det mindste udfører følgende trin: a) smeltning og ekstrudering af et materiale, der indeholder det fomyelige råstof, og b) afkøling af smeltemassen i en fluid og c) strækning, fiksering og/eller afkøling af det opnåede bånd.
- 6. Fremgangsmåde til omsnøring af et objekt med et omsnøringsbånd ifølge et af kravene 1 til 4, kendetegnet ved, at man placerer omsnøringsbåndet rundt om objektet, således at omsnøringsbåndet i det mindste på et enkelt sted overlappes med sig selv, og at man efterfølgende på dette sted svejser de overlappende steder af omsnøringsbåndet sammen med hinanden.
- 7. Fremgangsmåde ifølge krav 6, kendetegnet ved, at man svejser de overlappende steder sammen med hinanden ved hjælp af varmkilesvejsning, friktionssvejsning eller lasersvejsning og særligt foretrukket ved hjælp af ultralydssvejsning.
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- 2012-02-03 BR BR112013018428-0A patent/BR112013018428B1/pt active IP Right Grant
- 2012-02-03 US US13/980,353 patent/US10597487B2/en active Active
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN103347795B (zh) | 2015-04-22 |
AU2012213411B2 (en) | 2016-06-09 |
SG192075A1 (en) | 2013-08-30 |
CN103347795A (zh) | 2013-10-09 |
PL2484602T3 (pl) | 2017-02-28 |
RU2013140760A (ru) | 2015-03-10 |
CA2825025A1 (en) | 2012-08-09 |
SG10201602589VA (en) | 2016-05-30 |
US10597487B2 (en) | 2020-03-24 |
ES2602499T5 (es) | 2022-05-12 |
BR112013018428B1 (pt) | 2020-07-07 |
BR112013018428A2 (pt) | 2016-10-11 |
EP2484602A1 (de) | 2012-08-08 |
CA2825025C (en) | 2018-05-08 |
ES2602499T3 (es) | 2017-02-21 |
EP2484602B1 (de) | 2016-08-24 |
EP2484602B2 (de) | 2022-02-23 |
WO2012104409A1 (de) | 2012-08-09 |
PL2484602T5 (pl) | 2022-07-04 |
US20130291741A1 (en) | 2013-11-07 |
DK2484602T4 (da) | 2022-05-30 |
JP2014506550A (ja) | 2014-03-17 |
MY164597A (en) | 2018-01-30 |
RU2584516C2 (ru) | 2016-05-20 |
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