JP5058164B2 - 熱可塑性樹脂組成物およびその成形体 - Google Patents
熱可塑性樹脂組成物およびその成形体 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5058164B2 JP5058164B2 JP2008526723A JP2008526723A JP5058164B2 JP 5058164 B2 JP5058164 B2 JP 5058164B2 JP 2008526723 A JP2008526723 A JP 2008526723A JP 2008526723 A JP2008526723 A JP 2008526723A JP 5058164 B2 JP5058164 B2 JP 5058164B2
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Images
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/0008—Organic ingredients according to more than one of the "one dot" groups of C08K5/01 - C08K5/59
- C08K5/0083—Nucleating agents promoting the crystallisation of the polymer matrix
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/16—Nitrogen-containing compounds
- C08K5/20—Carboxylic acid amides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L67/00—Compositions of polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L67/04—Polyesters derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids, e.g. lactones
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Biological Depolymerization Polymers (AREA)
Description
本発明の熱可塑性樹脂組成物に用いられる熱可塑性樹脂としては、結晶性を有するものであれば特に限定されない。このような熱可塑性樹脂としては、例えば、乳酸系樹脂(A’)、ポリプロピレン樹脂(PP)、ポリエチレン樹脂(PE)、ポリアミド樹脂(PA)、ポリアセタール樹脂(POM)、ポリエチレンテレフタレート(PET)、ポリブチレンテレフタレート(PBT)、ポリフェニレンサルファイト(PPS)、ポリエーテルエーテルケトン(PEEK)、PTFE等のフッ素樹脂および液晶性ポリマー(LCP)などが挙げられる。これらは1種単独で用いても、2種以上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。これらの中では、乳酸系樹脂(A’)が好ましい。なお、以下において、熱可塑性樹脂として乳酸系樹脂(A’)を含む場合、本発明の熱可塑性樹脂組成物を「乳酸系樹脂組成物」と称することがある。
本発明の熱可塑性樹脂組成物に用いられる「結晶核剤」とは、上記熱可塑性樹脂に添加した際に、結晶化の際に核剤となるもので、かつ透明性を付与するものであり、具体的にはトリメシン酸のトリス(アミノ酸エステル)アミド類である。
本発明の熱可塑性樹脂組成物には、目的(例えば、成形性、二次加工性、分解性、引張強度、耐熱性、保存安定性、耐候性、難燃性等の向上)に応じて、上記成分(A)および(B)以外の他の樹脂もしくは重合体や各種添加剤を添加してもよい。
本発明の熱可塑性樹脂組成物の製造方法としては、公知の製造方法を適宜採用することができる。例えば、高速撹拌機または低速撹拌機等を用いて、各成分を予め均一に混合した後、樹脂の融点以上において十分な混練能力のある一軸もしくは多軸の押出機で溶融混練する方法、溶融時に混合混練する方法、溶液中で混合した後に溶媒を除く方法などを採用することができる。
本発明の熱可塑性樹脂組成物は、結晶化速度が速いという点で優れる。ここで、本発明における「結晶化速度」とは、示差走査熱量測定(DSC)分析において、ポリマーを昇温して融解した後、一定速度で所定の温度まで冷却し、その所定の温度で保持した際に、その所定の温度に保持した時点から結晶化のための発熱ピークが最大値となるまでの時間(以下「等温結晶化時間」ともいう。)によって求められる。この時間が短ければ結晶化速度は速いことになる。なお、前記所定の温度とは、測定するポリマーによって適宜選択される。
本発明の成形体は、上述した本発明の熱可塑性樹脂組成物、好ましくは乳酸系樹脂組成物からなる。本発明の成形体は、公知公用の方法、たとえば、以下のような方法で製造することができる。
本発明の熱可塑性樹脂組成物は、上述した種々の成形加工方法により成形することができ、特に限定されることなく様々な用途に好適に使用することができる。また、これらの成形品は、自動車部品、家電材料部品、電気・電子部品、建築部材、土木部材、農業資材および日用品、各種フィルム、通気性フィルムやシート、一般産業用途及びレクリエーション用途に好適な発泡体、糸やテキスタイル、医療又は衛生用品などの各種用途に利用することができ、好ましくは耐熱性、耐衝撃性が必要とされる自動車材料部品、家電材料部品、電気・電子材料部品あるいは耐熱性および透明性が求められる日用品に利用することができる。
検出器:日本分光(株)社製「UV1570」、ポンプ:日本分光(株)社製「PU1580」2台並列、(カラム:(株)ワイエムシー社製「YMC A−312」、カラム温度:35℃、移動相:アセトニトリル/水=70/30(V/V)、流量:1mL/min)を用い、ピーク面積比から純度を求めた。
DSC(島津製作所製「DSC−60」)により求めた。プレス成形によって得られた無配向フィルム5〜6mgを秤量し、窒素シールしたパンに計り込み、窒素シールされた予め30℃に設定されたDSC測定部に装入した後、100℃/minの昇温速度で昇温し、220℃で3分間溶融した。溶融後、99℃/minの冷却速度で100℃まで冷却し、100℃に冷却された時点を開始時間として、結晶化ピークが最大になる時間を求めた。
DSC(島津製作所製「DSC−60」)により求めた。プレス成形によって得られた無配向フィルムを105℃のオーブンで所定時間熱処理し、処理後のフィルム5〜6mgを秤量し、窒素シールしたパンに計り込み、窒素シールされた予め25℃に設定されたDSC測定部に装入した後、10℃/minの昇温速度で220℃まで昇温した。結晶化エンタルピー(ΔHc)、結晶融解エンタルピー(ΔHm)を測定し、[[(ΔHm−ΔHc)/(ΔH0)]×100]を求め、これを結晶化度とした。ここで、ΔH0は完全理想結晶融解エンタルピーを表し、ポリ乳酸の数値93J/gを使用した。
JISK7105に基づきヘイズメーター(日本電色社製「NDH2000」)により求めた。
(結晶核剤の合成)
攪拌機、温度計、滴下ロートおよびコンデンサーを備え付けた200mLガラス製反応装置に、L−バリンメチルエステル塩酸塩20.78g(124mmol)、ピリジン23.7g(300mmol)およびクロロホルム100mLを入れ、窒素を流しながら室温で溶解させた。その後、氷水浴で冷却して2〜3℃の条件下とし、トリメシン酸クロリド10.62g(40mmol)をクロロホルム40mLに溶解させた溶液を、滴下ロートを用いて同温度にて2時間かけて滴下し、同温度にて3時間反応させた。
〔実施例2〕
(結晶核剤の合成)
攪拌機、温度計、滴下ロートおよびコンデンサーを備え付けた500mLガラス製反応装置に、トリメシン酸クロライド26.8g(0.1mol)、L−ロイシンメチルエステル塩酸塩56.3g(0.31mol)、テトラヒドロフラン300mLを入れ、窒素を流しながら室温で溶解させた。その後、ピリジン57.9g(0.732mol)およびテトラヒドロフラン57.9gの混合溶液を、滴下ロートを用いて1.5時間かけて滴下した後、同温度にて3時間反応させた。反応に伴い発熱を生じたが、水冷により室温を保ちながら反応を行った。
(結晶核剤の合成)
実施例2におけるL−ロイシンメチルエステル塩酸塩56.3g(0.31mol)をL−バリンエチルエステル56.3g(0.31mol)に変えた以外は実施例2と同様にして、白色粉体(以下「結晶核剤(B−3)」ともいう。)65.1gを得た。高速液体クロマトグラフィーによる結晶核剤(B−3)の純度は99.3Area%であった。また、NMR測定および元素分析等により、得られた結晶核剤(B−3)が、下記式(III)で示されるトリメシン酸トリスバリンエチルエステルアミドであることを確認した。元素分析の結果を表3に示す。また、1H-NMRチャートを図3に示す。
〔実施例4〕
(結晶核剤の合成)
実施例2におけるL−ロイシンメチルエステル塩酸塩56.3g(0.31mol)をL−ロイシンエチルエステル67.6g(0.31mol)に変えた以外は実施例2と同様にして、白色粉体(以下「結晶核剤(B−4)」ともいう。)76.2gを得た。高速液体クロマトグラフィーによる結晶核剤(B−4)の純度は99.3Area%であった。また、NMR測定および元素分析等により、得られた結晶核剤(B−4)が、下記式(IV)で示されるトリメシン酸トリスロイシンエチルエステルアミドであることを確認した。元素分析の結果を表3に示す。また、1H-NMRチャートを図4に示す。
実施例1〜4で合成した結晶核剤(B−1)〜(B−4)と市販のポリ乳酸(A−1)[三井化学製、登録商標LACEA、グレードH−100、Mw=17.3万]とを、ラボプラストミルを用いて、温度200℃、時間5分および回転数50rpmの条件で、表5に示す重量部で混練した。混練物を、200℃および10MPaの条件で5分間プレスし、厚さ100μmのフィルムを得た。得られたフィルムの等温結晶化時間を、上記のようにして測定した。また、このフィルムを105℃のオーブンに20秒間および60秒間入れてアニール(熱処理)を行い、アニール前後の結晶化度および透明性(ヘイズ)を、上記のようにして測定した。結果を表5に示す。
市販のポリ乳酸(A−1)[三井化学製、登録商標LACEA、グレードH−100、Mw=17.3万]100重量部に対して、結晶核剤(EBL:エチレンビスラウリン酸アミド)を表5に示す量で用いた以外は、実施例5〜10と同様にしてフィルムを作製し、等温結晶化時間、結晶化度および透明性を測定した。結果を表5に示す。
透明核剤を用いずに、市販のポリ乳酸(A−1)[三井化学製、登録商標LACEA、グレードH−100、Mw=17.3万]100重量部を用いたこと以外は、実施例5〜10と同様にしてフィルムを作製し、等温結晶化時間、結晶化度および透明性を測定した。結果を表5に示す。
Claims (8)
- 熱可塑性樹脂(A)およびトリメシン酸のトリス(アミノ酸エステル)アミド類からなる結晶核剤(B)を含むことを特徴とする熱可塑性樹脂組成物。
- 前記熱可塑性樹脂(A)100重量部に対して、前記結晶核剤(B)を0.01〜10重量部の量で含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の熱可塑性樹脂組成物。
- 前記熱可塑性樹脂(A)が乳酸系樹脂(A’)であることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の熱可塑性樹脂組成物。
- 前記乳酸系樹脂(A’)がポリ乳酸であることを特徴とする請求項3に記載の熱可塑性樹脂組成物。
- 前記結晶核剤(B)がトリメシン酸のトリス(バリンエステル)アミド類であることを特徴とする請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載の熱可塑性樹脂組成物。
- 前記結晶核剤(B)がトリメシン酸のトリス(ロイシンエステル)アミド類であることを特徴とする請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載の熱可塑性樹脂組成物。
- 前記熱可塑性樹脂組成物を220℃で3分間溶融した後、99℃/分の冷却速度で100℃まで冷却し、100℃で保持した際の等温結晶化時間が5分以内であることを特徴とする請求項1〜6のいずれかに記載の熱可塑性樹脂組成物。
- 請求項1〜7のいずれかに記載の熱可塑性樹脂組成物からなり、厚み100μmでのヘイズが0.1〜15%であり、かつ結晶化度が35%以上であることを特徴とする成形体。
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US9505858B2 (en) * | 2014-10-21 | 2016-11-29 | International Business Machines Corporation | Polylactic acid (PLA) with low moisture vapor transmission rates by grafting through of hydrophobic polymers directly to PLA backbone |
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US10603878B2 (en) * | 2015-12-28 | 2020-03-31 | Zeon Corporation | Optical laminate, method for producing same, polarizing plate, and display device |
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