CN201998815U - 电动车以及电动车与电动工具的组合构成 - Google Patents
电动车以及电动车与电动工具的组合构成 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本实用新型提供一种电动车以及电动车与电动工具的组合构成,用于解决必须使用专用的电池组这一现有电动车的问题。电动车具有:车体、设置在车体并能够旋转的车轮、对车轮施加扭矩的马达、能够安装电动工具用电池组的电池安装部、和从安装在电池组安装部的电池组向马达供给电力的电路单元。该电动车可以使用电动工具用的电池组作为电源,不需要专用的电池组和充电器。用户可以将电动工具用的电池组有效地灵活运用到电动工具和电动车中。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及电动车。尤其涉及具有将能够再充电的电池组作为电源来对车轮施加扭矩的马达的电动车。这里,电动车包括:电动自行车(也被称作电动助力自行车、混合动力自行车)、电动摩托车(包括带摩托的自行车)、电动轮椅、电动汽车、混合动力汽车(具有包括马达的两种以上动力机的车辆)、各种电动工作车(例如叉车和清扫车)、电动式乘用玩具等人乘用的车辆、和电动搬送台车、电动升降机、电动式无人搬送车、车辆型电动式无线操纵玩具等不用于人乘坐的车辆。并且,电动车不限于车轮直接与地面或轨道接触的车辆,还包括被车轮驱动的无限轨道(也被称作履带或者卡特彼勒(Caterpillar)(注册商标))与地面或轨道接触的车辆。
背景技术
在专利文献1中,公开了一种作为电动车的电动自行车。该电动自行车具有:车体、被设置在车体上的可以旋转的两个车轮、用户用来施加力的踏板、将施加在踏板上的力传递给车轮的人力传递机构、对车轮施加扭矩的马达和向马达供给电力的电池组。在这种电动自行车中,根据用户对踏板施加的力和电动自行车的速度,来调节从电池组向马达供给的电力。由于受到马达的辅助力,所以用户可以容易地蹬踩踏板。
参考文献1:日本特开2008-62814。
如上述的电动自行车那样,利用能够再充电的电池组的电动车被广泛开发。在这种电动车中,按每种产品使用专用的电池组,而不能使用其他产品的电池组。并且,在大多数的产品中,实施了禁止使用其他产品的电池组的对策。因此,电动车的用户即使拥有多个其他各种产品用的电池组,也必须准备该电动车专用的电池组、和该电池组再充电用的专用充电器。结果,导致用户拥有多种类的电池组和充电器,不得不分别管理多种类的电池组的使用状况和充电余量。
发明内容
针对上述问题,本发明者着眼于电动工具用的电池组。其理由如下。
第一、电动工具所使用的电池组与其他的便携设备用的电池组相比,具有较高的输出电压和较大的充电容量,可以作为电动车的电源而充分使用。另外,由于电动工具用的电池组大多在室外等恶劣的条件下使用,所以开发并采用了很多优良的技术,使得产品具有良好的可靠性(不易发生故障)。
第二、为了可以长时间使用电动工具,电动工具的用户针对一个电动工具大多拥有多个电池组。但是,有时由于长时间使用电动工具的机会较少,使得各个电池组的使用频度变少,从而不能充分地灵活运用所拥有的多个电池组。该情况下,如果能够将电动工具用的电池组在电动车中也能够使用,则可以有效地灵活运用所拥有的电池组。例如,工作中使用电动工具的用户可以在闲暇中将电动工具用的电池组使用到电动车中。
第三、电动工具大多被用在制造工厂或施工现场等较广的范围。在制造工厂或施工现场中,有时作业人员携带电动工具,利用电动车向作业现场移动。该情况下,作业人员几乎不会同时使用电动车和电动工具。即,在使用电动车进行移动的过程中,使用电动工具的情况极少,在使用电动工具进行作业的过程中,使用电动车的情况也很稀少。因此,如果电动车可以使用电动工具用的电池组,则在使用电动车进行移动时,可以将电池组使用到电动车中,在使用电动工具进行工作时,可以将电池组使用到电动工具中。能够将电池组有效地灵活运用,并且可以减少向作业现场移动时所携带的电池组的数量。或者,还也可以考虑作业人员不与电动车一起移动,而只将电动工具由电动式无人搬送车搬送到作业现场的情况。在该情况下,也可以通过在电动工具的搬送时将电池组使用到无人搬送车中,在作业现场将电池组使用到电动工具中,来有效地利用电动工具用的电池组。
根据上述的技术思想,可以将新颖且实用的电动车具体化。该电动车具备:车体、设置在车体上且可以旋转的车轮、对车轮施加扭矩的马达、能够安装电动工具用的电池组的电池安装部、和从安装在电池安装部的电池组向马达供给电力的电路单元。
该电动车可以将电动工具的电池组作为电源使用,而不需要专用的电池组、充电器。电动工具的用户可以将所拥有的电动工具用的电池组有效地使用到电动车中。由于电池组的使用频度变高,所以,所拥有的多个电池组不会被浪费,并且通过拥有多个电池组,能够在需要时更长时间地使用工具。
这里,电动工具例如包括:通过电力来驱动钻头的电钻、通过电力来驱动改锥头的电动改锥、通过电力来驱动扳手头的电动扳手、通过电力来驱动磨石的电动研磨机、使用电力来驱动凿子的电动锤、通过电力来驱动锯片的电动锯(包括圆盘锯、带锯、细条锯)、通过电力来驱动链条的链锯、通过电力来驱动打击锤的电动打钉机(包括打图钉机)、通过电力来驱动草木用割刀的电动园艺工具(包括修剪机、篱笆剪、草坪剪、手推式剪草机、除草机)、通过电力驱动送风扇的电动送风机、通过电力来驱动吸引扇的电动吸引机(包括电动吸尘器)等。
在上述的电动车中,电池安装部不限于安装一个电动工具用的电池组,还可以安装多个电动工具用的电池组。通过使用多个电池组,可以提高电动车的续航距离和电动车的最大速度。
在使用多个电池组的情况下,优选电路单元能够将安装在电池安装部的多个电池组并联连接。通过并联连接多个电池组,可以长时间向马达提供电力,并从而使电动车的续航距离变长。并且,用户可以根据利用电动车想要移动的距离,来改变所使用的电池组的数量。即,可以使用下述的方法:在预定进行短距离移动的情况下,将一个电池组安装到电池安装部,在预定进行长距离移动的情况下,将多个电池组安装到电池安装部。通过根据移动距离来改变电池组的数量,可以防止电动车的重量不必要地变重。
在上述的方式中,优选电路单元还可以使安装在所述电池安装部的多个电池组逐个与马达断电。由此,在多个电池组之间充电剩余量产生了偏差时,可以选择性地中止充电剩余量少的电池组的使用。或者,还可以不将多个电池组同时向马达连接,而依次切换对马达供给电力的电池组。该情况下,例如若马达的耗电量比预想的少,则可以保存一部分的电池组不予使用,从而可以减少之后进行再充电的电池组的数量。
另一方面,在使用多个电池组的情况下,还优选电路单元可以将安装 在电池安装部的多个电池组串联连接。通过串联连接多个电池组,可以对马达施加高的电压,从而可以提高马达能够输出的最大扭矩。
优选上述的电动车是电动自行车,并优选所述电动车还具有:用户施加力的踏板、和将施加在踏板上的力向车轮传递的人力传递机构。如果是电动自行车,则即使在使用电动工具的工作中用尽了电池组的电力的情况下,用户也可以如利用普通自行车那样蹬踩踏板进行移动。该情况下,还可以使用马达来发电,从而一边移动一边对电池组充电。这里,电动自行车不限于二轮车,还包括单轮车和三轮车。电动自行车的车轮数未被特别限定。
优选电路单元根据用户对踏板施加的力来调节从电池组向马达提供的电力。由此,可以减轻用户在出发时或蹬坡时的负担,并且可以防止在平地上电动自行车超速。
根据本发明涉及的电动车,不需要准备专用的电池组和充电器。用户可以将用于电动工具的电池组还使用到电动自行车上。或者,将用于电动自行车而准备的电池组使用到电动工具中。
附图说明
图1是示意地表示实施例的电动自行车的图。
图2是表示电动工具用的电池组的图。
图3是表示可以装卸电池组的电动工具的图。
图4是表示安装了电池组的电动工具的图。
图5是表示对电池组再充电的充电器的图。
图6是表示实施例1的电池安装部的图。
图7是表示向实施例1的电池安装部安装电池组的样子的图。
图8是表示安装了电池组的实施例1的电池安装部的图。
图9是表示电动自行车的电气构成的框图。
图10是表示能够安装多个电池组的实施例2的电池安装部的图。
图11是表示并联连接多个电池组的实施例2的供给电路的图。
图12是表示将一部分电池组断电的实施例2的供给电路的图。
图13是表示在实施例2中只使用一个电池组的情况的图。
图14是实施例2的供给电路的变形例,是表示除去了开关电路的形态的图。
图15是表示串联多个电池组的实施例3的供给电路的图。
图16是实施例3的供给电路的变形例,是表示附加了选择电路的形态的图。
图17是表示在图16所示的供给电路的变形例中,只使用二个电池组的情况的图。
图18是表示在图16所示的供给电路的变形例中,只使用一个电池组的情况的图。
图19是示意地表示实施例4的运载车(carry cart)的侧视图。
图20是示意地表示实施例4的运载车的后视图。
图21是示意地表示实施例5的行李箱的侧视图。
图22是示意地表示实施例5的行李箱的后视图。
图23是示意地表示实施例6的单轮手推车的侧视图。
图24是示意地表示实施例6的单轮手推车的变形例的侧视图。
图25是示意地表示实施例7的割草机的侧视图。
图26是示意地表示实施例8的中耕机的侧视图。
图27是示意地表示电池组的适用范围的图。
符号说明
10-电动自行车;14-车体;22-前轮;24-人力传感器;30-曲柄踏 板;32-链条;34-车速传感器;50-电动辅助单元;54-电池安装部;56-电路单元;58-马达;60、60a、60b、60c-组收容部;62、62a、62b、62c-肋条(rib);64、64a、64b、64c-连接插头;65、65a、65b、65c-卡止孔;66、66a、66b、66c-正极连接端子;68、68a、68b、68c-负极连接端子;70、70a、70b、70c-通信连接器;72-供给电路;74-控制器;100、100a、100b、100c-电池组;200-电动工具;300充电器;400-电动运载车;500-电动行李箱;600、602-单轮手推车;700-割草机;800-中耕机。
具体实施方式
首先,在以下列出将说明的实施例的主要特征。
(特征1)电动车可以使用输出电压(公称)为18伏的电动工具用电池组。不过,电动车也可以使用例如具有36伏或14.4伏等其他输出电压的电动工具用电池组,还可以使用输出电压超过100伏的电动工具用电池组。电池组的输出电压未被特别限定。而且,电动车可以构成为只能够使用具有规定输出电压的电池组,也可以构成为能够使用输出电压不同的多个种类的电池组。
(特征2)电动车具有前轮和后轮两个车轮。但是,电动车不被限定于两个车轮,可以是只有一个车轮的形态(所谓的单轮车)、也可以是有三个以上车轮的形态。在电动车有多个车轮的情况下,可以采用马达只对一个车轮施加扭矩的方式,也可以采用马达对多个车轮施加扭矩的方式。
(特征3)电动车是具有前轮和后轮的电动自行车,用户对踏板施加的力经由链条被传递到后轮。并且,马达输出的扭矩也经由驱动链向后轮传递。其中,电动自行车还可以是将马达输出的扭矩施加给前轮的构成。该情况下,马达例如可以配置在前轮的轮毂。被用户施加力的车轮与从马达施加扭矩的车轮可以相同,也可以不同。
(特征4)电池安装部能够安装形状相互不同的各种电池组。或者,也可以根据需要,通过借助适配器而能够安装各种形状的电池组。
(特征5)电池安装部至少具有一个组收容部。电池安装部的组收容部构成为,能够安装于电动工具的组收容部并与其拆分的电池组的卡合部可以装卸。
(特征6)电动车中具有如行李箱或电动工具的收容箱那样收容行李的箱主体作为车体,还包括设置在该箱主体上的车轮。该情况下,优选电池组相对电池安装部的装卸,只能够从箱主体的内侧进行。
实施例1
一边参照附图,一边对实施例1的电动自行车10进行说明。电动自行车10是将本技术具体化的电动车的一个例子。如图1所示那样,电动自行车10具有车体14和设置在车体14上的可以旋转的前轮22及后轮36。车体14具有被设置成可以摇动的把立(stem)18。在把立18上设置有将前轮22支承为能够旋转的前叉20。并且,在把立18上设置有用户用于把持的车把16。在车把16的两端设置有车闸杆(省略图示)。
电动自行车10具有用于用户坐骑的鞍坐12、和用户施加踏力的曲柄踏板30。曲柄踏板30能够旋转地被支承在其中心轴28。
电动自行车10具有:与曲柄踏板30的中心轴28同轴固定的驱动链轮26、与后轮36同轴固定的从动链轮38、和挂设在驱动链轮26与从动链轮38双方的链条32。驱动链轮26、从动链轮38和链条32这些部件,构成了将对曲柄踏板30施加的力向后轮36传递的人力传递机构。这里,人力传递机构不限于使用了链条32的传递机构,也可以是使用了传送带的传递机构,还可以是使用了旋转轴的传递机构。
电动自行车10具有电动助力单元50。电动助力单元50在具有能够开关的罩52的箱51内,内置有电池安装部54、电路单元56及马达58。箱51通过关闭罩52而被密闭,来防止水分或尘埃的侵入。马达58是直流无刷电动机,具有240瓦的输出。其中,马达58的形态未被特别限定。电池安装部54能够装卸电池组100。详细叙述将在后面进行,电池组100是电动工具用的电池组。电路单元56具有将电池安装部54与马达58相互连接的电路、和用于控制马达58的动作的电路。除此之外,在电动自行车10中设置有用于测定用户对曲柄踏板30施加的力的人力传感器24、和用于测定电动自行车10的速度的车速传感器34。其中,人力传感器24使用了对驱动链轮26所产生的形变进行测定的形变传感器,车速传感器34使用了测定后轮36的转速(单位时间旋转的次数)的脉冲计数器。
接着,参照图2、图3、图4,对电池组100进行说明。本实施例的电动自行车10中利用的电池组100,是电动工具200所使用的电池组100。 这里,在图3、图4中,作为电动工具200的一个例子,图示了电动冲击钻。电池组100是滑动式电池组,在外壳102的上面设置有卡合部104。在电动工具200的外壳202上,设置有收容电池组100的卡合部104的组收容部204。电动工具200的组收容部204可装卸电池组100,具有与被安装的电池组100电连接的多个端子(省略图示)。
电池组100内置了多个二次电池(省略图示)。二次电池是锂离子二次电池。电池组100内置有10个二次电池,并联连接的两个二次电池的组被串联5组。锂离子二次电池的输出电压(公称)为3.6伏,本实施例的电池组100的输出电压(公称)为18伏。电动工具200可以通过从所安装的电池组100供给的电力,来驱动内置的马达。
这里,对于电动自行车10中使用的电池组100,不特别限定二次电池的种类。而且,不限定电池组100内置的电池的数量,关于电池组100的输出电压也不存在特别的限制。电动自行车100例如可以使用输出电压为14.4伏、18伏、36伏的电池组,也可以使用输出电压超过100伏的电池组。只要根据所使用的电池组100的电压,进行必要的设计变更即可。
如图2所示,电池组100的卡合部104具有平行延伸的一对肋条120、和被弹性力施力的卡止钩122。在卡合部104上设置有正极端子112、负极端子116、温度端子108和通信端子组106。为了禁止正极端子112、负极端子116和温度端子108与异物的接触,将他们收容在槽114、110、118的内部。正极端子112和负极端子116与内置在电池组100中的二次电池连接,可以输出18伏的电压。温度端子108与内置在电池组100中的热敏电阻(省略图示)连接,输出与二次电池的温度对应的电压。通信端子组106与内置在电池组100中的控制器(省略图示)连接。
如图5所示,电池组100可以通过充电器300被反复再充电。在充电器300的外壳302上,设置有用来收容电池组100的卡合部104的组收容部304。组收容部304中设置有与电池组100电连接的各种端子或连接器、和用来保护这些端子或连接器的端子罩306。充电器300能够装卸电池组100,对所安装的电池组100进行充电。充电器300可以根据电池组100的二次电池的温度和电压,来调节对电池组100供给的充电电流。
返回到电动自行车10的说明。如图6、图7、图8所示那样,在电动自行车10的电池安装部54中,形成有用来收容电池组100的组收容部60。 组收容部60具备与电池组100的卡合部104卡合的一对肋条62和卡止孔65。组收容部60的一对肋条62与设置于电池组100的一对肋条120卡合,组收容部60的卡止孔65收容电池组100的卡止钩122。组收容部60能够装卸电池组100的卡合部104,可以牢固地保持被安装的电池组100的外壳102。
组收容部60中设置有连接插头64。连接插头64与被安装在组收容部的电池组100电连接。连接插头64具有:与电池组100的正极端子112连接的正极连接端子66、与电池组100的负极端子116连接的负极连接端子68、和与电池组100的通信端子组106连接的通信连接器70。
接着,参照图9,对电动自行车10的电气构成进行说明。如图9所示,电路单元56具有供给电路72和控制器74。供给电路72与连接插头64和马达58电连接,将来自与连接插头64连接的电池组100的电力向马达58供给。供给电路72具有:将连接插头64的正极连接端子66与马达58电连接的正电力线76、将连接插头64的负极连接端子68与马达58电连接的负电力线78、和设置在正电力线76上的电力调节电路77。电力调节电路77是调节从电池组100向马达58供给的电力的电路。供给电路72通过电力调节电路77按照来自控制器74的指令,对从电池组100向马达58供给的电力进行调节。这里,电力调节电路77具有场效应晶体管,通过控制场效应晶体管的占空比,来调节向马达58供给的电力。
控制器74利用微型计算机构成。控制器74与人力传感器24、车速传感器34以及连接插头64的通信连接器70连接。控制器74根据人力传感器24和车速传感器34的测定结果,来决定对马达58供给的电力的目标值。即,决定由马达58对后轮36施加的扭矩。而且,控制器74使用所决定的电力的目标值,对供给电路72发出指令。控制器74例如在由人力传感器24检测出的力越大时,越增大对马达58供给的电力的目标值。由此,可以在启动时或蹬坡时,大大减轻用户的负担。并且,控制器74在由车速传感器34检测出的速度越小时,越减小对马达58供给的电力的目标值。由此,可以防止电动自行车10的速度过快。用户可以恰当地接受到马达的辅助,从而能够利用电动自行车10轻松地移动长距离或有高低差的路径。
本实施例的电动自行车10可以使用电动工具200用的电池组100作为电源,而不需要专用的电池组和充电器。电动工具200的用户也可以将所拥有的电动工具200用的电池组有效地利用到电动自行车10中。而且,如 果设想在电动自行车10中也利用,并拥有多个电动工具200用的电池组100,则通过依次使用这些电池组100,还能够长时间地使用电动工具200。另外,在携带电动工具200并乘着电动自行车10向作业现场移动的情况下,无论是向作业现场移动时,还是在作业现场作业时,都可以使用电池组100。与以往的电动自行车和电动工具的组合不同,由于不需要安装电动自行车和电动工具分别专用的电池组,所以可以减轻向作业现场移动时的负担。并且,用户还能够摆脱对多种电池组进行管理的烦恼。
实施例2
对实施例2的电动自行车进行说明。实施例2的电动自行车是在实施例1的电动自行车10中,主要改变了电池安装部54和供给电路72的形态的电动自行车。对于其他的构成,由于没有特别的改变,所以通过赋予同一符号来省略重复说明。
如图10所示,在实施例2的电动自行车10中,电池安装部54上设置有3个组收容部60a、60b、60c,最多可以装卸3个电池组100a、100b、100c(下面有时简称为电池组100)。在各个组收容部60a、60b、60c中,与实施例1同样,设置有一对肋条62a、62b、62c及连接插头64a、64b、64c。各个连接插头64a、64b、64c具有:正极连接端子66a、66b、66c、负极连接端子68a、68b、68c和通信连接器70a、70b、70c。这里,电池安装部54也可以构成为能够安装二个电池组100,还可以构成为能够安装超过3个数量的电池组100。
参照图11,对供给电路72的变更部分进行说明。如图11所示,实施例2的供给电路72可以对马达58并联连接所安装的多个电池组100。即,在实施例2的供给电路72中,各个连接插头64a、64b、64c的正极连接端子66a、66b、66c与正电力线76连接,各个连接插头64a、64b、64c的负极连接端子68a、68b、68c与负电力线78连接。
在本实施例中,可以由并联连接的3个电池组100向马达58供给电力。因此,能够向马达58供给更多的电力,从而可提高电动自行车10的续航时间和持续行驶距离。
并且,在供给电路72中,各个连接插头64a、64b、64c的正极连接端子66a、66b、66c通过开关电路80a、80b、80c与正电力线76连接。开关电路80a、80b、80c根据来自控制器74的指示,进行接通和断开的切换。 如图12所示,供给电路72可以通过断开一部分的开关电路80a、80b、80c,将所安装的电池组100的一部分与马达58断电。例如,设定为所安装的3个电池组100中只有一个电池组100a的充电剩余量变少。该情况下,供给电路72可以通过断开对应的开关电路80a,来防止电池组100a的过放电。控制器74可以通过监视电池组100的输出电压,来推测各个电池组100的充电剩余量。而且,控制器74可以根据推测出的电池组100的充电剩余量,选择性地断开开关电路80a、80b、80c。另外,也可以设置向用户显示各个电池组100的充电剩余量的显示器(省略图示),使用户根据自身的判断,通过操作面板(省略图示)来切换开关电路80a、80b、80c。
或者,供给电路72可以在所安装的3个电池组100中,依次切换向马达58供给电力的电池组100。即,供给电路72首先只将第1电池组100a与马达58连接,只从第1电池组100a向马达58供给电力。在第1电池组100a的充电电力用完时,切断第1电池组100a,并且将第2电池组100b与马达58连接,只从第2电池组100b向马达58供给电力。然后,在第2电池组100b的充电电力用完时,切断第2电池组100b,并将第3电池组100c与马达58连接,只从第3电池组100c向马达58供给电力。通过该方法,也能够与从3个电池组100同时供给电力的情况同样,使电动自行车10的续航时间和持续行驶距离提高。并且,通过该方法,在使用电动自行车10的距离或时间较短的情况下,可以不使第2、第3电池组100b、100c放电而保存电量,从而能够减少之后进行充电的电池组100的数量。
上述电池组100的切换,可以通过控制器74进行。该情况下,控制器74对与马达58连接的第1电池组100a的输出电压进行监视,在第1电池组100a的输出电压下降到规定值的时刻,切断对应的开关电路80a,并导通与第2电池组100b对应的开关回路80a。控制器74通过反复执行该步骤,可以依次切换对马达58供给电力的电池组100。另外,电池组100的切换还可以不通过控制器74进行,而构成为根据用户的判断通过操作面板(省略图示)来进行。
这里,例如当用户持续攀登长的坡道,并只从一个电池组100a向马达58持续供给大量的电力时,有时会发生电池组100a的温度异常上升的情况。在这样的情况下,优选将其他的电池组100b、100c暂时与马达58连接。即,优选将其他的电池组100b、100c与当前使用的电池组100a并联连接。由此,可以减少通过电池组100a的电流,能够有意地防止电池组 100a的温度上升。其中,电池组100的温度可以通过利用电池组100的温度端子108而变得容易得到监视。电路单元56的控制器74可以根据从电池组100接收到的温度信息,选择性地切换供给电路72的3个开关电路80a、80b、80c。或者,开关电路80a、80b、80c还可以根据用户的判断而被切换。
如图13所示,在实施例2的电动自行车10中,可以只安装一个电池组100a进行使用。不一定必须安装3个电池组100a、100b、100c。即使在安装了一个电池组100a的情况下,也能够从该电池组100a向马达58供给电力,由马达58输出的扭矩进行辅助。因此,用户可以根据利用电动自行车10预定移动的时间和距离,来改变电动自行车10中安装的电池组100的数量。通过只安装必要数量的电池组100,可以避免电动自行车10的重量不必要地变重。
图14是实施例2中说明的供给电路72的变形例。如图14所示,供给电路72中不一定需要设置开关电路80a、80b、80c。即使不设置开关电路80a、80b、80c,所安装的电池组100a、100b、100c也可以与马达58并联连接。用户可以根据利用电动自行车10预定移动的时间和距离,来改变安装在电动自行车10中的电池组100a、100b、100c的数量。
实施例3
对实施例3的电动自行车进行说明。实施例3的电动自行车是在实施例2的电动自行车10中,主要改变了供给回路72的形态的电动自行车。由于对其他的构成没有特别改变,所以通过赋予同一符号来省略重复的说明。
如图15所示,实施例3的供给电路72可以将所安装的3个电池组100a、100b、100c与马达58串联连接。即,在实施例3的供给电路72中,第1连接插头64a的负极连接端子68a通过第1连接线82a与第2连接插头64b的正极连接端子66b连接,第2连接插头64b的负极连接端子68b通过第2连接线82b与第3连接插头64c的正极连接端子66c连接。
在实施例3的电动自行车10中,可以由串联连接的3个电池组100对马达58施加高的电压。可以使马达58通过大电流,从而能够提高马达58的输出扭矩。根据实施例3的电动自行车10,用户可以从马达58接受更大的辅助力,从而能够轻松地攀登陡峭的坡道。
图16是使用实施例3中说明的供给电路72的变形例。在图16所示的供给电路72中,附加了两个选择电路84a、84b。两个选择电路84a、84b根据控制器74的指示被操作。第1选择电路84a被设置在第1连接线82a与负电力线78之间。第1选择电路84a是将第1连接插头64a的负极连接端子68a选择性地与第2连接插头64b的正极连接端子66b和负电力线78的任意一个连接的电路。第2选择电路84b被设置在第2连接线82b与负电力线78之间。第2选择回路84b是将第2连接插头64b的负极连接端子68b选择性地与第3连接插头64c的正极连接端子66c和负电力线78的任意一个连接的电路。各个选择电路84a、84b例如可以由多个半导体开关构成。
如图16所示,具有选择电路84a、84b的供给电路72在被安装了3个电池组100a、100b、100c的情况下,可以将3个电池组100a、100b、100c与马达58串联连接。另外,在如图17所示那样,被安装了两个电池组100a、100b的情况下,可以通过切换第2选择电路84b,将两个电池组100a、100b与马达58串联连接。而且,在如图18所示那样,只安装了一个电池组100a的情况下,可以通过进一步切换第1选择电路84a,将所安装的一个电池组100a与马达58正确地连接。用户可以根据对马达58要求的辅助力,来改变电动自行车10中安装的电池组100a、100b、100c的数量。上述的选择电路84a、84b的切换根据控制器74的指示进行。控制器74通过监视连接插头64a、64b、64c中产生的电压,来检测电池安装部54中安装的电池组100的数量。然后,基于检测出的电池组100的数量,来操作各个选择电路84a、84b。另外,选择电路84a、84b还可以构成为用户能够通过操作面板(省略图示)进行操作。
上述的实施例中公开的技术不限于电动自行车,还可以应用到其他种类的电动车中。不限定电动车的种类,能够使用电动工具用的电池组的电动车可以更有效地灵活运用电池组,并且可以减轻管理电池组的用户的负担。尤其是只通过马达的扭矩就可以行驶的电动摩托车与电动自行车的构造和功能类似的部分较多,因此可以采用本实施例公开的大多数技术。
而且,在上述的实施例中,对电动冲击钻和电动自行车的组合进行了说明,但本实施例的技术还可以有效地应用在其他种类的电动工具与其他种类的电动车的组合中。例如在高尔夫场中,对于作为电动车的一种的电动球棒车(caddie cart)与电动园艺工具的组合,也可以有效地应用本实 施例的技术。即,如果可以将电动工具用的电池组在电动球棒车中使用,则可以将电动工具用的电池组有效地灵活运用。可以在高尔夫场的营业时间中,将电池组在电动球棒车中使用,在高尔夫场的营业时间外,将电池组在电动园艺工具中使用,来进行草坪和植物的管理。
另外,在实施例2、3中说明的使用多个电池组的技术,不限于使用电动工具用的电池组的情况,在使用其他的电池组的情况下也是有效的。即,在使用专用电池组的电动车中,也可以有效地采用实施例2、3中说明的技术。
而且,通过组合实施例2、3的技术,还能够实现下述的电路单元:可以选择性地形成将所安装的多个电池组并联连接的电路、和将所安装的多个电池组串联连接的电路。或者,可以实现将所安装的多个电池组分成多个组,在各个组中并联连接电池组,并且对并联连接后的电池组的组进行串联连接的电路单元。
实施例4
参照图19、图20,对实施例4的电动运载车400进行说明。电动运载车400是一种用于搬运货物的电动搬送台车,是将本技术具体化的电动车的一个例子。如图19、图20所示,电动运载车400具有车主体414、和设置在车主体414的能够旋转的一对车轮436。
车主体414具有载置货物的货架部412、和从货架部412向上方延伸的背面框架418。在背面框架418的上端部设置有用于用户把持的把手416。在把手416上设置有用于检测用户是否在把持把手416的把手传感器424。一对车轮436被设置在车主体414的货架部412。一对车轮436隔着货架部412被同轴配置。当用户把持把手416,将车主体414向背面框架418侧倾斜时,电动运载车400仅被一对车轮436支承。当在该状态下用户拉(或推)电动运载车400时,电动运载车400通过一对车轮436旋转而行进。
电动运载车400还具备:两个电池安装部454、与两个电池安装部454连接的电路单元456、和与电路单元456连接的一对马达458。这里,各个电池安装部454与图6所示的电池安装部54实质上相同,能够装卸电动工具200用的电池组100。电池安装部454和电路单元456被收纳在货架部412中,货架部412上设置有用于装卸电池组100的开关罩452。
电池安装部454被配置成所安装的电池组100位于一对车轮436之间。根据这样的配置,即使在以一对车轮436为中心使车主体414倾斜时,电池组100的重心也不会大幅移动。因此,用户不会特别感觉到电池组100的重量,能够拉动(或推动)倾斜状态下的电动运载车400。这里,不需要所安装的电池组100的整体位于一对车轮436之间,优选电池组100的重心位于一对车轮436之间。
一对马达458被分别组装到一对车轮436中。即,各个马达458是所谓的轮内型(in wheel)马达。若采用轮内型马达458,则用户可以不会特别感觉到马达458的重量地拉动(或推动)倾斜状态的电动运载车400。通过电路单元456从安装在电池安装部454的电池组100向各个马达458供给电力。各个马达458对被组装的车轮436施加扭矩,对拉动(或推动)电动运载车400的用户进行辅助。这里,电路单元456与上述的把手传感器424连接,仅在用户把持把手416的期间,电路单元456向各个马达458供给电力。因此,电动运载车400违背用户的意图而行驶的情况被禁止。并且,优选电路单元456根据用户对把手416施加的力,来调节对各个马达458供给的电力。
电动运载车400可以不需要专用的电池组,而将电动工具200用的电池组100作为电源进行使用。由此,用户可以将所拥有的电池组100有效地用于电动工具200和电动运载车400双方。由于被设计成电动工具200用的电池组100具有高的输出,所以可以作为电动载运车400的电源充分地发挥功能。
实施例5
参照图21、图22,对实施例5的电动行李箱500进行说明。电动行李箱500是一种用来搬运行李的电动搬送台车,是将本技术具体化的电动车的一个例子。如图21、图22所示,电动行李箱500具有箱主体514、和设置在箱主体514的能够旋转的一对车轮536。
箱主体514具有收容行李的收容部514a、和设置在上部的把手516。在把手516上设置有用来检测用户是否在把持把手516的把手传感器524。一对车轮536被设置在箱主体514的下部。一对车轮536隔着箱主体514被同轴配置。当用户把持把手516将箱主体514向把手518侧倾斜时,电动行李箱500仅被一对车轮536支承。在该状态下,如果用户拉动(或推 动)电动行李箱500,则电动行李箱500基于一对车轮436旋转而行进。
电动行李箱500还具有两个电池安装部554、与两个电池安装部554连接的电路单元556、和与电路单元556连接的一对马达558。各个电池安装部554与图6所示的电池安装部54实质上一样,能够装卸电动工具200用的电池组100。电池安装部554和电路单元556被收容在箱主体514中。电池组100相对电池安装部554的装卸仅可以从箱主体514的内侧进行,因此需要打开箱主体514后进行装卸。从而,例如通过将箱主体514上锁,可以防止由于不小心而丢失电池组100等情况的发生。
电池安装部554被配置成所安装的电池组100位于一对车轮436之间。根据这样的配置,即使在以一对车轮536为中心将箱主体514倾斜时,电池组100的重心也不会大幅移动。因此,用户可以不会特别感觉到电池组100的重量地拉动(或推动)电动行李箱500。这里,不需要所安装的电池组100的整体位于一对车轮536之间。优选电池组100的重心位于一对车轮536之间。
一对马达558被分别组装在一对车轮536中,即,各个马达558是所谓的轮内型马达。当采用轮内型的马达558时,用户可以不特别感觉到马达558的重量地拉动(或推动)电动行李箱500。通过电路单元556从安装在电池安装部554的电池组100向各个马达558提供电力。各个马达558对被组装的车轮536施加扭矩,来辅助用户拉动(或推动)电动行李箱500。这里,电路单元556与上述的把手传感器524连接,仅在用户把持把手516的期间,电路单元556向各个马达558供给电力。从而,电动行李箱500违背用户意图而行进的情况被禁止。这里,优选电路单元556根据用户对把手516施加的力,来调节向各个马达558供给的电力。
电动行李箱500可以不需要专用的电池组,而使用电动工具200用的电池组100作为电源。由此,用户可以将所拥有的电池组100有效地用于电动工具200和电动行李箱500两者。由于被设计成电动工具200用的电池组100具有高的输出,所以可以作为电动行李箱500的电源充分地发挥功能。而且,由于被设计成电动工具200用的电池组100耐冲击性出色,所以即使例如在机场的传送带或转台中,电动行李箱500受到冲击的情况下,也能够不发生故障而维持其功能。
实施例6
参照图23,对实施例6的单轮手推车600进行说明。单轮手推车600是一种用来搬运货物的电动搬送台车,是将本技术具体化的电动车的一个例子。单轮手推车600还被称作单轮车、工程用单轮车、独轮斗车。如图23所示,单轮手推车600具有车体614、被设置在车体614的可以旋转的一个车轮636。
车体614具有装载沙土等搬运物的装载部612、和设置在后部(图23中的右方)的一对把手616。在把手616上设置有用于检测用户是否在把持把手616的把手传感器(省略图示)。车轮636被设置在车体614的前部(图23中的左方)。当用户把持把手616向上提起时,单轮手推车600仅被车轮536支承。当在该状态下用户推动单轮手推车600时,单轮手推车600基于车轮636旋转而行进。
单轮手推车600还具备电池安装部654、与电池安装部654连接的电路单元656、和与电路单元656连接的马达658。各个电池安装部654与图6所示的电池安装部54实质上相同,能够装卸电动工具200用的电池组100。电池安装部654和电路单元656被收容在具有开闭罩652的密闭盒651中。
马达658通过具有离合器626的驱动轴632与车轮636连接。通过电路单元656从安装在电池安装部654的电池组100向马达658供给电力。马达658对车轮636施加扭矩,来辅助用户推动单轮手推车600。这里,电路单元656与上述的把手传感器连接,仅在用户把持把手616的期间,电路单元656向马达658供给电力。因此,单轮手推车600违背用户的意图行进的情况被禁止。这里,优选电路单元656根据用户对把手616施加的力,来调节向马达658供给的电力。
单轮手推车600可以不需要专用的电池组,而使用电动工具200用的电池组100作为电源。由此,用户可以将所拥有的电池组100有效地灵活运用到电动工具200和单轮手推车600双方。由于被设计成电动工具200用的电池组100具有高的输出,所以可以作为单轮手推车600的电源充分地发挥功能。
如图24所示,表示了变形例的单轮手推车602。如图24所示那样,在单轮手推车602中,采用了轮内型马达658,马达658被组装在车轮636中。若采用轮内型马达658,则用户能够不特别感觉到马达658的重量地 在提起把手616侧的状态下推动单轮手推车602。
实施例7
参照图25,对实施例7的割草机700进行说明。割草机700是一种用于割草作业的电动作业车,是将本技术具体化的电动车的一个例子。如图25所示,割草机700具有:车体714、设置在车体714的能够旋转的一对驱动轮736、和设置在车体714的能够旋转的一对从动轮737。
车体714上设置有被支承为能够旋转的割刀722和方向杆718。割刀722被设置在车体714的底面,通过旋转来修整草坪。方向杆718上设置有用户用于把持的把手716。在把手716上设置有用于检测用户是否在把持把手716的把手传感器724。用户通过把持把手716并推动割草机700,使割草机700在草坪上行进,来实施割草作业。
割草机700还具备电池安装部754、与电池安装部754连接的电路单元756、和与电路单元756连接的马达758。各个电池安装部654与图6所示的电池安装部54实质上相同,可装卸电动工具200用的电池组100。电池安装部754、电路单元756和马达758被收容在车体714中。
马达758借助传送带732a、732b分别与驱动轮736及割刀722连接。通过电路单元756从安装在电池安装部754的电池组100向马达758供给电力。即,马达758对割刀722及驱动轮736施加扭矩,使割刀722旋转,并且辅助用户推动割草机700。这里,电路单元756与上述的把手传感器724连接,仅在用户把持把手716的期间,电路单元756对马达758供给电力。因此,割草机700违背用户意图而行进的情况被禁止。这里,优选电路单元756根据用户对把手716施加的力来调节向马达758供给的电力。
割草机700可以不需要专用的电池组,而使用电动工具200用的电池组100作为电源。由此,用户可以将所拥有的电池组100有效地灵活运用到电动工具200和割草机700双方。由于被设计成电动工具200用的电池组100具有高的输出,所以可以对割草机700的割刀722和驱动轮736双方施加充分的扭矩。
实施例8
参照图26,对实施例8的中耕机800进行说明。中耕机800是一种用于耕耘土地的耕耘作业的电动作业车,是将本技术具体化的电动车的一个例子。另外,中耕机800也被称作管理机。如图26所示,中耕机800具有 车体814、和设置在车体814的能够旋转的一对车轮852。
在车体814上设置有被支承为能够旋转的耕耘转子822和方向杆818。耕耘转子822被设置在车体814的前部(图26中的左方),通过旋转来耕耘土地。方向杆818向车体的后方(图26中的右方)延伸,在其前端设置有用户用于把持的把手816。在把手816上设置有用于检测用户是否在把持把手816的把手传感器(省略图示)。用户通过把持把手816并推动中耕机800,使中耕机800行进,从而实施耕耘作业。
中耕机800还具备电池安装部854、与电池安装部854连接的电路单元856和与电路单元856连接的马达858。各个电池安装部654与图6所示的电池安装部54实质上相同,可以装卸电动工具200用的电池组100。电池安装部854、电路单元856以及马达858被收容在车体814中。车体814上设置有用于装卸电池组100的开关罩852。
马达858借助传送带832a、832b分别与车轮836及耕耘转子822连接。通过电路单元856从安装在电池安装部854的电池组100向马达858供给电力。由此,马达858对割刀822及车轮836施加扭矩,使耕耘转子822旋转,并且辅助用户推动中耕机800。这里,电路单元856与上述的把手传感器连接,仅在用户把持把手816的期间,电路单元856对马达858供给电力。因此,中耕机800违背用户的意图而行进的情况被禁止。这里,优选电路单元856根据用户对把手816施加的力,来调节向马达858供给的电力。
中耕机800可以不需要专用的电池组,而使用电动工具200用的电池组100作为电源。由此,用户可以将所拥有的电池组100有效地灵活运用到电动工具200和中耕机800双方。由于被设计成电动工具200用的电池组100具有高的输出,所以可以对中耕机800的耕耘转子822和车轮836双方施加足够的扭矩。
如上面的实施例中说明那样,电动工具200用的电池组100可以在各种电动车中作为用于驱动车轮的电源而有效地利用。即,如图27所示,被设计为用于各种电动工具200的电池组100,不仅作为用于对这些电动工具100的前端工具进行驱动的电源,还可以作为用于对各种电动车10、400、500、600、700、800的车轮进行驱动的电源,充分地发挥功能。
另外,电动工具用的电池组具有高的输出电压和大的充电容量,耐冲 击性和耐尘性能也出色。而且,内置有对二次电池的温度进行检测的传感器、对二次电池的电压进行检测的传感器、控制器、存储器,可以与所安装的设备进行信息的交接。由于电动工具用的电池组具有很多如此有用的特征,所以不限于电动车,还可以有效地灵活运用到其他种类的装置和设备中。具体而言,可以有效用于中耕机(也被称作管理机)、空气压缩机、送水泵、投光机、计算机用备用电源、太阳电池系统和热电联产系统的蓄电单元等。
以上对本发明的实施方式进行了详细说明,但这些只不过是例示,并非对本发明技术方案的限定,本发明的技术方案所记载的技术还包含将上面例示的具体例进行各种变形、变更而得到的发明。
本说明书或者附图中说明的技术要素是单独或者通过各种组合而发挥技术有用性的要素,并非对申请时的权利要求中记载的组合进行限定。本说明书或附图所例示的技术同时实现了多个目的,具有自身实现其中的一个目的的技术有用性。
Claims (16)
1.一种电动车,其特征在于,具有:
车体;
设置在所述车体的能够旋转的车轮;
对所述车轮施加扭矩的马达;
能够安装电动工具用的电池组的电池安装部;和,
从安装在所述电池安装部的电池组向马达提供电力的电路单元。
2.根据权利要求1所述的电动车,其特征在于,
所述电池安装部能够安装多个电动工具用的电池组。
3.根据权利要求2所述的电动车,其特征在于,
所述电路单元能够将安装在所述电池安装部的多个电池组并联连接。
4.根据权利要求3所述的电动车,其特征在于,
所述电路单元能够将安装在所述电池安装部的多个电池组逐个与马达断电。
5.根据权利要求2所述的电动车,其特征在于,
所述电路单元能够在被安装于所述电池安装部的多个电池组中,依次切换向马达供给电力的电池组。
6.根据权利要求2所述的电动车,其特征在于,
所述电路单元能够将被安装在所述电池安装部的多个电池组串联连接。
7.根据权利要求1至6中任意一项所述的电动车,其特征在于,
所述电动车是电动自行车,并且还具有供用户施加力的踏板、和将对踏板施加的力传递给车轮的人力传递机构。
8.根据权利要求7所述的电动车,其特征在于,
所述电路单元根据用户对踏板施加的力,来调节从电池组向马达供给的电力。
9.根据权利要求1至6中任意一项所述的电动车,其特征在于,
所述电动车是运载车,其具有用于支承货物的车主体作为上述车体,且在该车主体上同轴地设置有一对车轮,
被安装在所述电池安装部的电池组的至少一部分位于所述一对车轮之间。
10.根据权利要求1至6中任意一项所述的电动车,其特征在于,
所述电动车是单轮手推车,所述马达是被组装在所述车轮中的轮内 型马达。
11.根据权利要求1至6中任意一项所述的电动车,其特征在于,
所述电动车具有收容货物的箱主体作为所述车体,在该箱主体上设置有所述车轮,电池组相对所述电池安装部的装卸只能从箱主体的内侧进行。
12.根据权利要求1至6中任意一项所述的电动车,其特征在于,
所述电动车是在所述车体上设置有割刀的割草机,所述马达对所述车轮和所述割刀双方施加扭矩。
13.根据权利要求1至6中任意一项所述的电动车,其特征在于,
所述电动车是在所述车体上设置有耕耘转子的中耕机,所述马达对所述车轮和所述耕耘转子双方施加扭矩。
14.根据权利要求12所述的电动车,其特征在于,
所述电路单元根据用户对电动车施加的力,来调节向马达供给的电力。
15.根据权利要求13所述的电动车,其特征在于,
所述电路单元根据用户对电动车施加的力,来调节向马达供给的电力。
16.一种电动车与电动工具的组合构成,其特征在于,具备:
电动工具;
能够安装于该电动工具的电动工具用电池组;
能够在所述电池安装部安装该电动工具用电池组的权利要求1至14中任意一项所述的电动车;和
能够对该电动工具用电池组充电的充电器。
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CN105658154A (zh) * | 2013-08-23 | 2016-06-08 | 伊西康内外科有限责任公司 | 用于动力外科器械的辅助电池构造 |
CN105658154B (zh) * | 2013-08-23 | 2019-04-26 | 伊西康内外科有限责任公司 | 用于动力外科器械的辅助电池构造 |
CN104996091A (zh) * | 2015-08-18 | 2015-10-28 | 包头市北工机械有限公司 | 一种可回馈电能的人工助力电动割草机 |
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CN108068734B (zh) * | 2016-11-11 | 2023-08-29 | 福特全球技术公司 | 在发电车辆中吸收外部马达装置的断电能量 |
CN108112339A (zh) * | 2016-11-30 | 2018-06-05 | 本田技研工业株式会社 | 电动设备 |
CN112272650A (zh) * | 2018-03-09 | 2021-01-26 | 马斯洛格公司 | 电动车辆中的装置和托盘搬运车 |
CN110492620A (zh) * | 2019-09-12 | 2019-11-22 | 浙江齐享科技有限公司 | 一种组合式储能电站 |
CN115067063A (zh) * | 2021-03-10 | 2022-09-20 | 创科无线普通合伙 | 割草机 |
CN115067063B (zh) * | 2021-03-10 | 2024-04-12 | 创科无线普通合伙 | 割草机 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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GB201014238D0 (en) | 2010-10-13 |
US20110056177A1 (en) | 2011-03-10 |
FR2949918A1 (fr) | 2011-03-11 |
US8851215B2 (en) | 2014-10-07 |
US20140366501A1 (en) | 2014-12-18 |
DE202010012387U1 (de) | 2010-11-18 |
GB2473536A (en) | 2011-03-16 |
US9282695B2 (en) | 2016-03-15 |
JP2011079510A (ja) | 2011-04-21 |
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