CN108068734B - 在发电车辆中吸收外部马达装置的断电能量 - Google Patents

在发电车辆中吸收外部马达装置的断电能量 Download PDF

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CN108068734B
CN108068734B CN201711101101.8A CN201711101101A CN108068734B CN 108068734 B CN108068734 B CN 108068734B CN 201711101101 A CN201711101101 A CN 201711101101A CN 108068734 B CN108068734 B CN 108068734B
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vehicle
switch
traction battery
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CN108068734A (zh
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迈克尔·杜安·华莱士
马文·保罗·克拉斯卡
伯纳德·D·内佛西
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    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L1/00—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles
    • B60L1/006—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles to power outlets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R16/00—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for
    • B60R16/02—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements
    • B60R16/03—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements for supply of electrical power to vehicle subsystems or for
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L1/00—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles
    • B60L1/20—Energy regeneration from auxiliary equipment
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
    • H02J7/0031—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits using battery or load disconnect circuits
    • H02J7/0032—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits using battery or load disconnect circuits disconnection of loads if battery is not under charge, e.g. in vehicle if engine is not running
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/14—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from dynamo-electric generators driven at varying speed, e.g. on vehicle
    • H02J7/1415—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from dynamo-electric generators driven at varying speed, e.g. on vehicle with a generator driven by a prime mover other than the motor of a vehicle
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    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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    • B60L2210/00—Converter types
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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Abstract

本公开涉及在发电车辆中吸收外部马达装置的断电能量。一种车辆包括牵引电池和控制器。所述控制器响应于终止电流从牵引电池流向插接到车辆的工具而致动开关，使得因所述工具关闭而产生的电流从所述工具流向牵引电池，以用于再生能量捕获，其中，所述终止导致所述工具关闭。

Description

在发电车辆中吸收外部马达装置的断电能量
技术领域
本公开涉及在车辆和辅助部件之间分配电力的系统和方法。
背景技术
可对工作现场的车辆进行配备，以为各种类型的装置供电。当装置停止运行或关闭时，可产生电能。
发明内容
一种用于车辆的电气系统包括：牵引电池和开关，开关被配置为：当开关处于第一位置时，允许电流从牵引电池单向地流向远离车辆的辅助装置，并且当开关处于第二位置时，允许电流从所述辅助装置单向地流向牵引电池。所述系统还包括：控制器，被配置为使开关在第一位置与第二位置之间进行切换。
一种车辆包括牵引电池和控制器，控制器被配置为：响应于终止电流从牵引电池流向插接到车辆的工具而致动开关，使得因所述工具关闭而产生的电流从所述工具流向牵引电池，以用于再生能量捕获，其中，所述终止导致所述工具关闭。
一种对连接到车辆的远程辅助部件的发电进行控制的方法包括：响应于终止电力流向所述辅助部件而致动开关，以允许与再生能量相关联的电流从所述辅助部件流向所述车辆的牵引电池，其中，所述终止导致所述辅助部件产生再生能量。
附图说明
图1是包括电连接到车辆的辅助部件的车辆的示意图。
图2是通过辅助部件停止运行而产生的并且从辅助部件传送到车辆的再生电流的曲线图。
图3是具有处于接通位置并且被设置在辅助部件内的开关的电气系统的接线图。
图4是具有处于断开位置并且被设置在辅助部件内的开关的电气系统的接线图。
图5是具有处于接通位置并且被设置在车辆内的开关的电气系统的接线图。
图6是具有处于断开位置并且被设置在车辆内的开关的电气系统的接线图。
图7A是描述可用于操作车辆和外部装置的方法的流程图。
图7B是图7A延续的流程图。
图8是显示单元的示图。
具体实施方式
根据需要，在此公开本发明的具体实施例；然而，应理解的是，所公开的实施例仅为本发明的示例，其中，本发明可以以多种可替代形式来实现。附图无需按比例绘制；可夸大或最小化一些特征以示出特定组件的细节。因此，在此公开的具体结构和功能细节不应被解释为具有限制性，而仅作为用于教导本领域技术人员以多种形式利用本发明的代表性基础。
出现在工作现场的卡车和车辆通常包括各种设备，诸如，电动工具或其它装置。这些装置可由设置在车辆内的高压电池或车辆内的发电机来供电。车辆内的发电机被连接到内燃发动机，或者车辆内的发电机可给各种辅助装置提供电力。当用户松开触发器并且电动工具正在关闭时，电动工具和其它设备可产生电力。这种电力通常被浪费掉，并且不以任何形式被捕获。捕获由辅助部件的再生制动产生的电力的能力提供了对能量进行有效使用的能力，原因在于这种能力增加了车辆电池的荷电状态，而不必通过其它方式对电池充电。一种机构及其相关联的逻辑允许电力从车辆电池流向电动工具并且允许电力从电动工具流向车辆电池。所述逻辑可感测电动工具何时开始关闭以及开关何时可致动，使得在电动工具停止运行期间所产生的再生能量被传送到车辆。
车辆(被配备为给诸如电动工具等的辅助部件供电)通常具有两个电路，一个电路在车辆内，另一个电路在辅助装置内。两个电路之间的通信允许电力从车辆传送到辅助装置并且允许电力从辅助装置传送到车辆。适当地对向电动工具传送电力以及从电动工具传送电力进行时间安排是个挑战。具有相关联的逻辑的开关可被用于识别辅助部件何时开始停止运行、何时产生能量以及何时将能量输送回车辆。用于车辆的高压电池通常产生直流电(DC)，然而通常使用电动马达的辅助部件产生交流电(AC)。双向逆变器可被用于将来自电池的DC能量转变为AC能量，以给辅助单元供电。
参照图1，示出了包括辅助部件38和开关40的车辆10。车辆包括可连接到电机24的发动机22。电机24可以是通常出现在并联式混合动力设备、串联式混合动力设备或动力分配式混合动力设备中的电机类型。此外，电机24可与发动机分离，并充当独立的电源来给辅助部件供电。示出了连接到发动机22、电机24、双向逆变器30和控制单元28的电池26。该电池可以是高压电池或辅助牵引电池。电池26具有向发动机和向控制单元提供电流以对发动机和控制单元进行操作的能力。该电池具有从双向逆变器30、辅助部件和电机接收电力的能力。双向逆变器30被配置为将直流电(DC)转换为交流电(AC)。电力连接点(power point)32(包括插头34)允许用户将辅助部件38插接到车辆10。示出了连接到辅助部件38的开关40。然而，开关40可被设置在车辆内且连接到车辆控制器28。开关可以是由按钮致动并且包含弹簧机构的手动开关或者选择器开关。开关还可以是用作双向开关的半导体器件，该开关能够对从车辆接收的电流以及从电动工具接收的电流进行控制。显示单元42可连接到控制器28。该显示单元可采用多种形式。显示单元可以是投影到挡风玻璃上的平视显示器、设置在车辆仪表板内的仪表或设置在车辆外部的仪表等形式。
应当理解的是，在此描述的车辆配置仅仅是示例性的，而并不意在限制。其它非混合动力车辆配置、电动车辆配置或混合动力车辆配置应被视为在此已被公开。其它车辆配置可包括但不限于微混合动力车辆、串联式混合动力车辆、并联式混合动力车辆、串联-并联式混合动力车辆、插电式混合动力电动车辆(PHEV)、燃料电池混合动力车辆、电池供电的电动车辆(BEV)或本领域普通技术人员已知的任何其它车辆配置。
辅助部件38可以是包括电动马达(图1中未示出)的电动工具。辅助部件38具有响应于关闭辅助部件38的电动马达而产生电力的能力。优选地，辅助部件采用电动工具(诸如，电钻、电动圆锯、电动往复锯、抛光机、各种加工工具(诸如，车床、铣床)等)的形式。开关40被致动以将通过电动马达关闭而产生的电流S1传送回车辆。
参照图2，示出了针对辅助部件或工具38而产生的电流的图表。在该图表的y轴上示出了产生的安培数，在x轴上描绘了时间。
参照图3，示出了具有被示出为处于接通位置且被设置在车辆10(未示出)与辅助部件或工具38之间的开关40的电气系统41。示出了连接到辅助插头58的第一电路42。插头58优选地是NMEA交流(AC)插头。该插头可具有三个或更多个插脚(prong)。在图3中示出了三个插脚的配置。第一电路42包括电动马达46。电动马达46在辅助部件或工具38内运转。电动马达46通过能量输出线48、火线(hot wire)52、中性线50连接到开关40。地线54设置在插头58和电动马达46之间。示出了连接到插头34的第二电路44。插头34优选地是NMEA交流插头。所述插头可具有三个或更多个插脚。与将能量输出线连接到火线52和/或在辅助部件38的供电功能与辅助部件38的断电功能之间共用中性线50正相反，使用三个以上的插脚允许利用专用的能量输出线48和/或中性线50。
第二电路44包括电机24、双向逆变器30和电池26。如图所示，当开关40处于接通位置时，电流从第二电路44被提供到第一电路42。当开关40处于接通位置时，火线52和中性线50接触开关40的触点56，并且促使电流从车辆流向辅助部件或工具38。
参照图4，示出了具有被示出处于断开位置且被设置在车辆10(未示出)与辅助部件或工具38之间的开关40的电气系统41。示出了连接到辅助插头58的第一电路42。插头58优选地是NMEA交流插头。与将能量输出线连接到火线52和/或在辅助部件38的供电功能与辅助部件38的断电功能之间共用中性线50正相反，使用三个以上的插脚允许利用专用的能量输出线48和/或中性线50。
第一电路42包括电动马达46。电动马达46在辅助部件或工具38内运转。电动马达46通过能量输出线48、火线52、中性线50连接到开关40。地线54设置在插头58与电动马达46之间。示出了连接到插头34的第二电路44。插头34优选地是NMEA交流插头。所述插头可具有三个或四个插脚。与将能量输出线连接到火线52(如在图中示出的)正相反，使用四个插脚的插头允许利用专用的能量输出线48。第二电路44包括电机24、双向逆变器30和电池26。如示出的，当开关40处于断开位置时，电流从第一电路42被提供到第二电路44。当开关40处于断开位置时，能量输出线48和中性线50接触开关40的触点56，并且促使电流从辅助部件或工具38流向车辆。当开关40处于接通位置(如图3所示)时，促使电流从车辆10流向辅助部件或工具38。
参照图5，示出了图3和图4的替代实施例。在该实施例中，开关40被设置在车辆(未示出)上。更具体地说，开关被设置在插头34和双向逆变器30之间。图5中的开关被示出为处于接通位置，从而允许电流从车辆被传送到辅助部件或工具38。
参照图6，示出了图3和图4的替代实施例。在该实施例中，开关40被设置在插头34和双向逆变器30之间。图5中的开关被示出为处于断开位置，从而允许电流从辅助部件或工具38被传送到车辆。
参照图7A和图7B，描述了一种对由辅助部件产生的电力进行控制的方法。在步骤104，所述方法确定车辆是否处于停车状态。如果车辆未处于停车状态，则在步骤102所述方法将重新开始。在步骤106，所述方法确定车辆是否处于电力产生模式。车辆能够通过若干个不同的装置(诸如：连接到内燃发动机的发电机、独立发电机、高压电池或牵引电池)来产生电力。在步骤108，计算高压电池或牵引电池的荷电状态(SOC)。在步骤110，确定荷电状态是否大于预定阈值。如果电池的SOC没有大于阈值，则在步骤124，禁用车辆电力产生模式。禁止产生电力防止车辆电池26在使用辅助部件38的同时消耗车辆电池26的电量。在步骤122，车辆启动并运行内燃发动机22，以对高压电池或牵引电池26进行再充电。如果电池的SOC大于所述阈值，则在步骤112，允许外部装置进行发电。在步骤114，确定外部装置38是否正在从车辆10汲取电力。在步骤116，使车辆准备好以通过致动开关40来接收辅助部件的断电(power down)能量，使得再生能量可被传送回车辆10。在步骤118，确定车辆电池26的荷电状态(SOC)。如果荷电状态没有超过阈值，则在步骤126，辅助部件关闭并且产生断电能量或再生能量。在步骤128，再生能量随后被电池吸收。在步骤129，控制器28确定存储的能量、使用的能量和所涉及的总能量的量。该数据随后被发送到显示单元62。为避免对车辆电池进行过度充电，如果车辆电池的荷电状态超过阈值，则在步骤130，开关不被致动，在步骤134，在步骤132产生的断电能量或再生能量不被电池吸收。
参照图8，示出了显示单元62。显示单元62被配置为显示由外部装置或车辆使用的能量、经由再生制动功能回收的总能量和总能量。
尽管以上描述了示例性实施例，但是这些实施例并不意在描述了本发明的所有可能的形式。更确切地，说明书中使用的词语为描述性词语而非限制性词语，并且应理解的是，可在不脱离本发明的精神和范围的情况下做出各种改变。此外，可对各种实现的实施例的特征进行组合，以形成本发明的进一步的实施例。

Claims (18)

1.一种用于车辆的电气系统，包括：
牵引电池；
开关，被配置为：当开关处于第一位置时，允许电流从牵引电池单向地流向插接到车辆的外部辅助装置，并且当开关处于第二位置时，允许电流从所述辅助装置单向地流向牵引电池；
控制器，被配置为：使开关在第一位置和第二位置之间进行切换。
2.如权利要求1所述的电气系统，其中，控制器还被配置为：基于牵引电池的荷电状态来对开关进行切换。
3.如权利要求1所述的电气系统，其中，控制器还被配置为：响应于所述辅助装置的停用而使开关从第一位置切换到第二位置。
4.如权利要求1所述的电气系统，其中，控制器还被配置为：响应于牵引电池的荷电状态小于阈值而将开关从第一位置切换到第二位置。
5.如权利要求1所述的电气系统，其中，开关是包括多个触点、火线和中性线的手动开关。
6.如权利要求1所述的电气系统，其中，开关是半导体器件，所述半导体器件被配置为：对来自牵引电池的直流电流以及来自辅助装置的交流电流进行控制。
7.一种车辆，包括：
牵引电池；
控制器，被配置为：响应于终止电流从牵引电池流向插接到车辆的外部工具而致动开关，使得因所述工具关闭而产生的电流从所述工具流向牵引电池，以用于再生能量捕获，其中，所述终止导致所述工具关闭。
8.如权利要求7所述的车辆，其中，所述开关是具有接通位置和断开位置的手动开关，其中，所述手动开关包括多个触点、火线和中性线，其中，当开关处于接通位置时，所述触点连接到火线和中性线，其中，当开关处于断开位置时，所述触点不连接到火线。
9.如权利要求7所述的车辆，还包括：至少具有四个插脚的插头以及连接到所述工具的能量输出线，其中，所述能量输出线适合于促使电流从所述工具流向牵引电池。
10.如权利要求7所述的车辆，还包括：
显示单元，连接到所述控制器，并且被配置为显示所捕获的再生能量的量。
11.如权利要求7所述的车辆，其中，所述车辆包括所述开关。
12.如权利要求7所述的车辆，其中，所述工具包括所述开关。
13.如权利要求7所述的车辆，其中，所述工具关闭包括致动电制动器。
14.如权利要求7所述的车辆，其中，所述工具包括电动马达，所述电动马达包括转子和定子，并且其中，所述工具关闭包括所述转子围绕所述定子旋转以产生电能。
15.一种对连接到车辆的远程辅助部件的发电进行控制的方法，包括：
响应于终止电力流向插接到车辆的所述辅助部件而致动开关，以允许与再生能量相关联的电流从所述辅助部件流向所述车辆的牵引电池，其中，所述终止导致所述辅助部件产生再生能量。
16.如权利要求15所述的方法，其中，所述致动还响应于所述牵引电池的荷电状态小于预定的荷电状态。
17.如权利要求15所述的方法，还包括：经由双向逆变器将所述电流从交流电转换为直流电。
18.如权利要求15所述的方法，还包括：响应于所述牵引电池的荷电状态大于预定的荷电状态而禁止所述致动。
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DE102017126283A1 (de) 2018-05-17
US10710461B2 (en) 2020-07-14
US20180134172A1 (en) 2018-05-17

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