CN1671745A - 获自狭叶紫锥花的多聚糖 - Google Patents
获自狭叶紫锥花的多聚糖 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1671745A CN1671745A CNA038181797A CN03818179A CN1671745A CN 1671745 A CN1671745 A CN 1671745A CN A038181797 A CNA038181797 A CN A038181797A CN 03818179 A CN03818179 A CN 03818179A CN 1671745 A CN1671745 A CN 1671745A
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- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及分子量为1.3×105Da源自狭叶紫锥花根部的多聚糖,它含有比例为0.5∶2.5∶1.75∶10.25的鼠李糖、阿拉伯糖、半乳糖和半乳糖醛酸。通过如下方法从天然或种植的狭叶紫锥花根部回收多聚糖:a)通过溶剂提取去除根部的非多聚糖成分;b)从前述步骤直接获取的根部提取多聚糖级分;c)通过层析多聚糖级分分离多聚糖。由于多聚糖具有免疫刺激性质,所以它能够用于制备药物、食品补充剂或营养组合物,以在需要增强机体免疫防御系统能力的情况下给予。
Description
发明领域
本发明涉及多聚糖领域,具体涉及狭叶紫锥花(Echinacea angustifolia)的多聚糖及其制备方法。该多聚糖用于治疗需增强免疫系统抵抗力的病理状态。
发明背景
紫锥花是一种源自北美和墨西哥的植物;美洲土著公认它具有治疗价值并将它用于伤口的愈合。由于人们认为紫锥花能够增加感染的抵抗力,因此在上个世纪初期它被广泛地用于局部和全身感染的治疗。现今人们强烈推荐将紫锥花(尤其是狭叶紫锥花)用于流感综合征的治疗,尤其用于感冒的治疗、伤口的愈合和真菌病的治疗。
它的基本作用显然是由于免疫系统非特异性的刺激以及细菌和病原体对药物和抗生素的致敏作用所致。结瘢的性能似乎可归功于由于植物内的一种活性成分(即海胆苷(echinacoside))抑制透明质酸酶而使透明质酸稳定以及多聚糖诱导大量巨噬细胞活化。这样,感染病灶保持于局部以及有利于修复过程所必需的粘多聚糖和hystoplastic物质的积聚。
因为大部分紫锥花多聚糖含有菊粉(它被认为不具有上述活性),因此需要分离活性多聚糖并且提供一种提取和纯化它的有效方法。
发明详述
本发明的目的是分子量为1.3×105Da源自狭叶紫锥花根部的多聚糖(在下文中称作“多聚糖”),含有比例为0.5∶2.5∶1.75∶10.25的鼠李糖、阿拉伯糖、半乳糖和半乳糖醛酸。在多聚糖骨架中,直链和支链部分相间排列,直链部分由通过α-(1-4)键连接的部分乙酰化(9%)和甲基化(35%)的半乳糖醛酸残基组成,支链部分由半乳糖醛酸和鼠李糖相间组成,骨架上连接有包含2.5∶1.75比例的阿拉伯糖和半乳糖的侧链。如图1-3所示为多聚糖的1H-NMR、13C-NMR和GCP的特征图。
通过如下方法,从天然或种植的狭叶紫锥花根部回收多聚糖:
a)用溶剂提取除去根部的非多聚糖成分;
b)从前述步骤直接获取的根部提取多聚糖级分;
c)通过层析多聚糖级分分离多聚糖。
步骤a)的目的是从根部去除非多聚糖成分(主要是海胆苷及其相似物)以及大量的烷基酰胺,它们也是狭叶紫锥花的特征成分(R.Bauer等,Phytochemistry
28,505,1989;Planta Med.55,367,1989)。因此,提取根部的溶剂选自丙酮或1-3个碳原子的醇,任选与水混合,在20℃至沸点的温度范围内(优选回流下)进行提取。溶剂中水的含量不得超过40%(v/v)。优选浓度在80-95%(v/v)之间的乙醇作为溶剂。
步骤b)的目的是从根部提取多聚糖成分的混合物。提取用水、丙酮或1-3个碳原子的醇与水的混合物在20℃至溶剂沸点的温度下进行,优选40℃-70℃。当选用溶剂混合物时,水的含量为60%或更高,优选85%(v/v)。根据本发明优选的实施方案,溶剂为15%(v/v)乙醇。
步骤c)的目的是对步骤b)提取物进行分离并从提取液的其他极性成分中分离多聚糖。该步骤优选分子排阻层析或离子交换层析。
在第一种情况下,根据分子大小纯化多聚糖:事实上多聚糖具有不同于其他成分的特有质量。适当的交联树脂能够分离具有不同大小的化学成分;将步骤b)的提取液通过这种树脂(例如Toyopearl HW-65S和Superdex200HR)可使得本发明多聚糖纯化。
根据多聚糖酸的酸性特征(是由于在半乳糖醛酸单元中存在羧基官能团)经离子交换柱层析纯化多聚糖。将步骤b)的提取液通过离子交换树脂可使得它仅保留多聚糖及另外一些酸性成分(少量存在)并去除了所有的中性或碱性成分。用盐水或酸性水溶液洗涤树脂获得被树脂捕获的分子。然后通过超滤渗析去除纯化溶液内的盐或酸。选择足够高的截留值(例如10,000或100,000Da)也能够去除原始提取物中的酸性杂质以及阴离子树脂捕获的酸性杂质。
优选的阴离子交换树脂为强离子交换树脂,如Diaion HPA 25和QSepharoseFast Flow。
然后将根据步骤c)所述的柱层析方法中的一种所获得的纯化多聚糖溶液浓缩并在真空中干燥或冷冻干燥。多聚糖为象牙色粉末。
步骤c)也可包括使层析变得容易的预纯化步骤。尽管这些步骤并非必须,但去除了一部分步骤b)提取液中的杂质并减少了树脂的用量。
预处理可选自:
c1)在减压下将步骤b)的提取液浓缩,然后用水和丙酮或者水和1-3个碳原子醇(优选乙醇)的混合物处理纯化。混合物含有50-70%(优选66.5%)的醇或丙酮。根据本发明优选的实施方案,在室温下将提取液浓缩后的残余物用3个体积的水溶解并用7个体积的95%乙醇搅拌稀释。通过过滤收集含有多聚糖的沉淀部分,用50-70%浓度的乙醇洗涤并再经层析纯化。
c2)在室温下用水处理步骤b)的多聚糖级分或者步骤c1)富含多聚糖的级分。这样具有高水溶性的本发明多聚糖从其他难溶多聚糖中分离出来。在室温下将步骤b)的提取液(或者步骤c1)的富含多聚糖的级分)悬浮于水中并搅拌促进溶解。分离不溶残余物并将水溶液层析。
c3)用酶将步骤b)提取液中主要杂质之一的菊粉样的低聚糖和多聚糖水解。在水溶液中将提取液(或者步骤c1)或c2)中的部分纯化物)用催化量的菊糖酶处理10-24小时。然后将酶加热或采用胰蛋白酶使其失活并且通过透析(截留值大于10,000Da(优选100,000Da)的切向超滤)去除水解形成的碳水化合物。然后将由此获得的残留物经层析。
c4)高截留值超滤(截留值大于10,000Da,优选100,000Da)能够去除低分子量的杂质。在这种情况下,将步骤b)的提取液(或者步骤c1)或c2)中的部分纯化物)溶解于水,优选10或20体积,并且透析。然后将含有本发明多聚糖的残留物经层析。
本发明多聚糖在小鼠体内具有免疫刺激作用,尤其是能够刺激T淋巴细胞活化并且能够对抗环孢素A的作用,因此可以减少因白色念珠菌感染而产生的死亡率。因而本发明多聚糖可用于制备药物、食品补充剂或营养组合物并在需要增强机体免疫系统防御能力的情况下给予。
根据常规方法配制多聚糖,例如根据在Remington′s PharmaceuticalSciences Handbook,第16版,Mack Pub.,N.Y.,U.S.A.中所描述的方法。
在下文中通过一些实施例来说明本发明,但本发明的范围不受这些实施例的限制。
实施例
在如下实施例中,由含有0.5%三乙胺的水溶液在等度洗脱条件下以流速0.5ml/min洗脱TosoHaas TSK-Gel G 5000 PWXL柱进行多聚糖HPLC纯度的测定。在持续30分钟的分析过程中,柱的温度保持在50℃。注入的体积为50μl。蒸汽检测器ELSD(Evaporative Light Scattering Detector)Sedex型号75(S.E.D.E.R.E.)与柱相连-它的喷嘴温度保持在60℃且气压为2.2巴。
实施例1
狭叶紫锥花根部的提取(步骤a)和b))
用2.5L 90%(v/v)的乙醇在回流加热条件下提取600克研碎的狭叶紫锥花根部4小时。收集提取液,然后用相同的溶剂提取(步骤a))七次。将所得提取液废弃。然后在70℃下用15%(v/v)的乙醇提取根部七次,每次提取持续4小时。将所得提取液过滤并在真空下浓缩,得到170g褐色剩余物(全多聚糖提取物,步骤b))。
实施例2
通过溶剂的预纯化和离子交换柱层析回收多聚糖
将实施例1步骤b)中的全多聚糖提取物170g溶解于570ml的水中,然后加入1.13L的乙醇。搅拌混合物约1个小时,将沉淀物倾析约20分钟、过滤、用850ml 66.5%(v/v)乙醇洗涤并在55℃真空下干燥48小时,得到140g淡褐色固体。将该固体溶解于2.1L的水中,将所得的混悬液搅拌20分钟,将其从不溶残余物中分离出来(弃去不溶物)。
由富含本发明多聚糖的水溶液得到干燥剩余物38.7g。将溶液加入柱层析柱内,柱内含有用AcOH/AcNH4缓冲液(pH 6.1)平衡的0.9L DiaionHPA 25树脂。用5.4L AcOH/AcNH4缓冲液(pH 6.1)洗涤树脂,并用5.4L0.5M的AcNH4水溶液洗脱含有多聚糖的级分。在减压下将洗出液浓缩至0.3L。通过6L纯净水的切向超滤(采用10,000Da截留值螺旋缠绕的聚醚砜滤膜)透析浓缩的溶液。
回收截留物并在减压下浓缩并在真空中加热干燥残留物,得到7.1g象牙色粉末(多聚糖HPLC纯度:96%)。
多聚糖的平均分子量为1.3×105Da(s=5365),且<Mn 14320(s=2180),与LALLS(Low Angle Laser Light Scattering)方法测定的结果相一致,并且它的半乳糖醛酸、半乳糖、阿拉伯糖和鼠李糖的比例为10.25∶1.75∶2.5∶0.5(HPAEC分析)。图1-3分别示出了多聚糖的1H-NMR、13C-NMR和GCP特征图。
实施例3
通过超滤预纯化和分子排阻层析回收多聚糖
将实施例1步骤b)中的全多聚糖提取物170g溶解于850ml的纯净水中。将溶液对10L纯净水进行切向超滤(采用50,000Da截留值螺旋缠绕的聚醚砜滤膜)透析。
回收含有110.5g纯净提取物的截留物并加入柱层析柱内进行中压层析,柱内含有用水平衡的22L Toyopearl HW-65S树脂。用纯净水洗脱,等分洗出液,每份200ml。GPC-分析各等份并合并那些含有足够纯的多聚糖级分。
在减压下浓缩合并的级分并在真空下加热干燥剩余物,得到5.7g象牙色粉末(多聚糖HPLC纯度:95%)。
实施例4
通过酶预纯化和离子交换层析回收多聚糖
将实施例1步骤b)中的全多聚糖提取物170g溶解于3230ml的纯净水中并加入850mg的菊糖酶。在40℃下轻轻搅拌混合物24小时,然后加入80mg胰蛋白酶,在36℃下搅拌2小时使菊糖酶失活。在85℃下加热溶液2小时并在减压下浓缩至1.7L。
用17L纯净水通过切向超滤(采用100,000Da截留值螺旋缠绕的聚醚砜滤膜)透析浓缩溶液。回收截留物(含有11.5g纯化提取物)并加入柱层析柱内,柱内含有AcOH/AcNH4缓冲液(pH 6.1)平衡的0.8L Diaion HPA 25树脂,用4.8LAcOH/AcNH4缓冲液(pH 6.1)洗涤树脂,用4.8L 0.5M的AcNH4水溶液洗脱含有多聚糖的级分。在减压下浓缩洗脱液至150ml并用1.5L纯净水通过切向超滤(采用50,000Da截留值螺旋缠绕的聚醚砜滤膜)透析浓缩液。
在减压下浓缩截留物并在真空下加热干燥剩余物,得到6.9g象牙色粉末(多聚糖HPLC纯度:97%)。
生物学部分
实验1
T淋巴细胞中γ-干扰素产生的实验(Zucca M.等,New Microbiol.1996,19,39-46)
在尼龙纤维柱上分离脾细胞得到鼠的T淋巴细胞,将它置于微量滴定板(任选与α-CD3(抗CD3的单克隆抗体作为产生干扰素的细胞功能活化剂)一起预培养)中,在含有4%胎牛血清的1640RPMI培养基中培养。将实验物质加入孔内并在48小时后测定培养基内所释放的γ-干扰素。
表1
处理 | γ-干扰素pg/ml |
培养基 | 4.5±0.5 |
α-CD3 | 149.5±25.0 |
α-CD3+多聚糖0.1μg/ml | 410.0±45.7 |
α-CD3+多聚糖1.0μg/ml | 466.3±71.8 |
α-CD3+多聚糖10.0μg/ml | 690.5±95.5 |
实验2
对小鼠白色念珠菌引起的死亡率的影响(Microbiology,2000,146,1881-9)
在沙氏琼脂培养基中培养酵母并将浓度为2.9×105的酵母静脉注射接种小鼠,该小鼠先用1mg/Kg的环孢菌素A(CsA)ip注射抑制小鼠的免疫系统。每天用5和10mg/Kg的本发明多聚糖ip注射治疗小鼠直到所有的对照鼠(未治疗)死亡。评估治疗组中存活的动物。
表2
处理 | 存活动物的% |
白色念珠菌(CA)+CsA | 0 |
CA+CsA+多聚糖5mg/kg | 30 |
CA+CsA+多聚糖10mg/kg | 50 |
Claims (21)
1.狭叶紫锥花根部的多聚糖,它的分子量为1.3×105Da且含有比例为0.5∶2.5∶1.75∶10.25的鼠李糖、阿拉伯糖、半乳糖和半乳糖醛酸。
2.根据权利要求1的多聚糖,其特征为直链和支链部分相间排列的骨架,直链部分含有通过α-(1-4)键连接的部分乙酰化和甲基化的半乳糖醛酸残基,支链部分半乳糖醛酸和鼠李糖相间排列,骨架上连接有含有2.5∶1.75比例的阿拉伯糖和半乳糖的侧链。
3.制备权利要求1或2的多聚糖的方法,该方法包括如下步骤:
a)用溶剂提取去除根部的非多聚糖成分;
b)用溶剂从前述步骤直接获取的根部提取多聚糖级分;
c)通过层析多聚糖级分分离多聚糖。
4.根据权利要求3的方法,其中在步骤a)中所用的溶剂为丙酮或1-3个碳原子的醇。
5.根据权利要求4的方法,其中所述溶剂为与水的混合物。
6.根据权利要求5的方法,其中所述溶剂中的水含量不超过40%。
7.根据权利要求4-6中任一项的方法,其中所述溶剂为80-95%浓度的乙醇。
8.根据权利要求4-7中任一项的方法,其中提取温度为20℃至溶剂的沸点。
9.根据权利要求3的方法,其中步骤b)中所用的溶剂为水或者水与丙酮或水与1-3个碳原子的醇的混合物。
10.根据权利要求9的方法,其中溶剂混合物的水含量为60%或更高。
11.根据权利要求9或10的方法,其中所述溶剂为15%的乙醇。
12.根据权利要求9-11中任一项的方法,其中提取温度为20℃至溶剂的沸点。
13.根据权利要求3的方法,其中步骤c)的层析为分子排阻层析或者离子交换层析。
14.根据权利要求3的方法,其中在步骤c)层析之前,将步骤b)的多聚糖进行一次或多次的预纯化处理。
15.根据权利要求14的方法,其中所述预纯化处理选自:
c1)经由水与50-70%丙酮或水与50-70%的1-3个碳原子的醇的混合物的溶解来沉淀和分离富含多聚糖的组分;
c2)通过水处理去除不溶的多聚糖级分;
c3)菊糖酶处理;
c4)用截留值10,000Da或更高的超滤装置超滤。
16.根据权利要求15的方法,其中进行c1)和c2)的预纯化处理。
17.根据权利要求15的方法,其中在c3)的预纯化处理之前任选进行c1)和c2)中一种或两种预纯化处理。
18.根据权利要求15的方法,其中在c4)的预纯化处理之前任选进行c1)和c2)中一种或两种预纯化处理。
19.可通过权利要求3-18中的任一项所述的方法得到的狭叶紫锥花的多聚糖。
20.用作药物的权利要求1、2和19中的任一项所述的多聚糖。
21.含有权利要求1、2和19中任一项所述的多聚糖的药物组合物、营养组合物和食品补充剂。
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Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN111363060A (zh) * | 2020-04-28 | 2020-07-03 | 华南农业大学 | 具有抗肿瘤活性的多糖及其应用和制备方法 |
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GB0524782D0 (en) * | 2005-12-05 | 2006-01-11 | Chiron Srl | Analysis of samples |
US7642062B2 (en) | 2006-12-29 | 2010-01-05 | Avon Products Inc. | Compositions and methods of their use for improving the condition and appearance of skin |
US20090252848A1 (en) * | 2008-04-03 | 2009-10-08 | Sunanta Pongsamart | Immunomodulating polysaccharide gel from durian fruit-rind as additive in animal feed |
US20090253650A1 (en) * | 2008-04-03 | 2009-10-08 | Pongsamart S | Teat antiseptic prepared from polysaccharide gel with bactericidal and immuno-stimulating activity isolated from durian fruit-rind |
CA2799083C (en) | 2010-06-30 | 2018-04-24 | Avon Products, Inc. | Use of tiliacora triandra in cosmetics and compositions thereof |
CN106727054A (zh) | 2010-06-30 | 2017-05-31 | 雅芳产品公司 | 用于刺激magp‑1以改善皮肤外观的组合物和方法 |
RU2493171C1 (ru) * | 2012-03-12 | 2013-09-20 | Государственное научное учреждение Краснодарский научно-исследовательский институт хранения и переработки сельскохозяйственной продукции Российской академии сельскохозяйственных наук (ГНУ КНИИХП Россельхозакадемии) | Способ получения инулинсодержащего раствора из топинамбура |
CA2879272A1 (en) | 2012-07-16 | 2014-01-23 | Robert G.K. DONALD | Saccharides and uses thereof |
US8920855B1 (en) | 2012-10-30 | 2014-12-30 | Setem Hemth, Inc | Methods of topically treating tinnitus and related disorders |
JP6788882B2 (ja) | 2016-08-09 | 2020-11-25 | イマジン・グローバル・ケア株式会社 | 自然免疫活性化作用を有する多糖類及び該多糖類を含有する自然免疫活性化剤又は飲食品 |
CN112656807A (zh) * | 2021-01-22 | 2021-04-16 | 山东德信生物科技有限公司 | 桔梗多糖在制备降解socs1/2的药物中的应用 |
KR102478769B1 (ko) * | 2022-05-31 | 2022-12-20 | 한국콜마주식회사 | 에키네시아 추출물을 포함하는 피부 개선용 조성물 |
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DE950674C (de) * | 1955-01-15 | 1956-10-11 | Gruenenthal Chemie | Verfahren zur Gewinnung von Wirkstoffen aus waessrigen Extrakten von Echinaceen-Arten |
US4010650A (en) * | 1974-12-26 | 1977-03-08 | Ford Motor Company | Apparatus for generating an electrical signal indicative of liquid level |
DE3217214A1 (de) * | 1982-05-07 | 1983-11-10 | Wagner, Hildebert, Prof. Dr., 8211 Breitbrunn | Polysaccharide aus pflanzen der compositen-familie, verfahren zu ihrer gewinnung und sie enthaltende pharmazeutische zubereitungen |
US4859375A (en) * | 1986-12-29 | 1989-08-22 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Chemical refill system |
DE3541945A1 (de) * | 1985-11-27 | 1987-06-04 | Lomapharm Rudolf Lohman Gmbh K | Immunstimulierend wirkende polysaccharide aus zellkulturen von echinacea purpurea (l.) moench und echinacea angustifolia, d.c. verfahren zu ihrer herstellung und sie enthaltende pharmazeutische zubereitungen |
US5031068A (en) * | 1987-11-06 | 1991-07-09 | Hansen Technologies Corporation | Liquid level control system for refrigeration apparatus |
DE19817177A1 (de) * | 1998-04-17 | 1999-10-21 | Lohmann Rudolf Lomapharm | Pflanzliche Polysaccharide mit immunstimulierender Wirkung, Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung und diese enthaltende Arzneimittel |
IL133102A0 (en) * | 1998-11-30 | 2001-03-19 | Air Prod & Chem | Ultrasonic level sense in a chemical refill system |
JP2001078717A (ja) * | 1999-09-17 | 2001-03-27 | Fancl Corp | 食品組成物 |
DK1220680T3 (da) * | 1999-09-30 | 2008-07-14 | Factors R & D Technologies Ltd | Echinacea-tilskud og fremgangsmåde til fremstilling |
JP2002012546A (ja) * | 2000-06-29 | 2002-01-15 | Noevir Co Ltd | 皮膚外用剤 |
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Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN111363060A (zh) * | 2020-04-28 | 2020-07-03 | 华南农业大学 | 具有抗肿瘤活性的多糖及其应用和制备方法 |
CN111363060B (zh) * | 2020-04-28 | 2022-02-22 | 华南农业大学 | 具有抗肿瘤活性的多糖及其应用和制备方法 |
CN114805621A (zh) * | 2020-04-28 | 2022-07-29 | 华南农业大学 | 具有抗肿瘤活性的多糖及其应用和制备方法 |
CN114805621B (zh) * | 2020-04-28 | 2022-12-06 | 华南农业大学 | 具有抗肿瘤活性的多糖及其应用和制备方法 |
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AU2003246588B2 (en) | 2008-10-16 |
RU2005102102A (ru) | 2005-07-10 |
EP1560855B1 (en) | 2006-08-09 |
KR101124047B1 (ko) | 2012-03-27 |
WO2004014958A1 (en) | 2004-02-19 |
ATE335768T1 (de) | 2006-09-15 |
ITMI20021692A1 (it) | 2002-10-29 |
NO333509B1 (no) | 2013-06-24 |
PT1560855E (pt) | 2006-12-29 |
US6818761B2 (en) | 2004-11-16 |
DE60307500D1 (de) | 2006-09-21 |
KR20110018468A (ko) | 2011-02-23 |
NO20050508L (no) | 2005-01-28 |
IL166554A0 (en) | 2006-01-15 |
KR101124105B1 (ko) | 2012-03-22 |
CN1290867C (zh) | 2006-12-20 |
DE60307500T2 (de) | 2007-03-29 |
PL209967B1 (pl) | 2011-11-30 |
DK1560855T3 (da) | 2006-12-18 |
KR20050025967A (ko) | 2005-03-14 |
CA2494089C (en) | 2012-07-31 |
AU2003246588A1 (en) | 2004-02-25 |
PL373112A1 (en) | 2005-08-08 |
EP1560855A1 (en) | 2005-08-10 |
RU2308460C2 (ru) | 2007-10-20 |
US20040024199A1 (en) | 2004-02-05 |
HK1079224A1 (en) | 2006-03-31 |
CA2494089A1 (en) | 2004-02-19 |
SI1560855T1 (sl) | 2006-10-31 |
JP2005536588A (ja) | 2005-12-02 |
ES2270141T3 (es) | 2007-04-01 |
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