CN1647406A - 使用可再配置关联器集合的路径搜寻器 - Google Patents

使用可再配置关联器集合的路径搜寻器 Download PDF

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CN1647406A
CN1647406A CN03808150.4A CN03808150A CN1647406A CN 1647406 A CN1647406 A CN 1647406A CN 03808150 A CN03808150 A CN 03808150A CN 1647406 A CN1647406 A CN 1647406A
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correlator
antenna
user
path
order
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约翰·大卫·小凯威尔
提摩希·伯费尔斯
扬·迈尔
彼得·波恩霍夫
亚历山大·芮茨尼克
爱德华·L·海普乐
迈克·考区
威廉·C·黑克特
大卫·S·贝斯
史蒂芬·佛兰蒂
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InterDigital Technology Corp
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/69—Spread spectrum techniques
    • H04B1/707—Spread spectrum techniques using direct sequence modulation
    • H04B1/709—Correlator structure
    • H04B1/7093—Matched filter type
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/69—Spread spectrum techniques
    • H04B1/707—Spread spectrum techniques using direct sequence modulation
    • H04B1/7073—Synchronisation aspects
    • H04B1/7075—Synchronisation aspects with code phase acquisition
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/69—Spread spectrum techniques
    • H04B1/707—Spread spectrum techniques using direct sequence modulation
    • H04B1/7073—Synchronisation aspects
    • H04B1/7075—Synchronisation aspects with code phase acquisition
    • H04B1/7077—Multi-step acquisition, e.g. multi-dwell, coarse-fine or validation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/69—Spread spectrum techniques
    • H04B1/707—Spread spectrum techniques using direct sequence modulation
    • H04B1/709—Correlator structure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/69—Spread spectrum techniques
    • H04B1/707—Spread spectrum techniques using direct sequence modulation
    • H04B1/7097—Interference-related aspects
    • H04B1/711—Interference-related aspects the interference being multi-path interference
    • H04B1/7113—Determination of path profile
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/69—Spread spectrum techniques
    • H04B1/707—Spread spectrum techniques using direct sequence modulation
    • H04B1/7097—Interference-related aspects
    • H04B1/711—Interference-related aspects the interference being multi-path interference
    • H04B1/7115—Constructive combining of multi-path signals, i.e. RAKE receivers
    • H04B1/7117—Selection, re-selection, allocation or re-allocation of paths to fingers, e.g. timing offset control of allocated fingers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/69—Spread spectrum techniques
    • H04B1/707—Spread spectrum techniques using direct sequence modulation
    • H04B1/7097—Interference-related aspects
    • H04B1/711—Interference-related aspects the interference being multi-path interference
    • H04B1/7115—Constructive combining of multi-path signals, i.e. RAKE receivers
    • H04B1/712—Weighting of fingers for combining, e.g. amplitude control or phase rotation using an inner loop
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/0491—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas using two or more sectors, i.e. sector diversity
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W88/00—Devices specially adapted for wireless communication networks, e.g. terminals, base stations or access point devices
    • H04W88/08—Access point devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B2201/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of transmission systems not covered by a single group of H04B3/00 - H04B13/00
    • H04B2201/69—Orthogonal indexing scheme relating to spread spectrum techniques in general
    • H04B2201/707—Orthogonal indexing scheme relating to spread spectrum techniques in general relating to direct sequence modulation
    • H04B2201/70707—Efficiency-related aspects
    • H04B2201/7071—Efficiency-related aspects with dynamic control of receiver resources
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B2201/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of transmission systems not covered by a single group of H04B3/00 - H04B13/00
    • H04B2201/69—Orthogonal indexing scheme relating to spread spectrum techniques in general
    • H04B2201/707—Orthogonal indexing scheme relating to spread spectrum techniques in general relating to direct sequence modulation
    • H04B2201/70707—Efficiency-related aspects
    • H04B2201/7071—Efficiency-related aspects with dynamic control of receiver resources
    • H04B2201/70711—Efficiency-related aspects with dynamic control of receiver resources with modular structure

Abstract

一节点B/基站包括多个用以接收用户讯号的天线以及一路径搜寻器。此路径搜寻器包括一关联器集合。此关联器集合的每一关联器使一输入的用户码与一输入的天线输出产生关联。一天线控制器选择性地耦合多个天线中的一者至每一输入。

Description

使用可再配置关联器集合的路径搜寻器
技术领域
本发明是关于无线码分多址通信系统(code division multiple accesscommunication systems)。尤其是关于此种系统中的路径搜寻。
背景技术
在无线通信系统中，从天线传输的信号一般依循多路径(multiple paths)至其目的地。在许多通信系统中，这些路径在接收器被组合以产生具有优于任一单一路径所能提供的较佳品质的信号。Rake接收器是一种组合此多路径的方法，其将特定数量的较强的路径组合在一起。此Rake接收器在每一强的路径上还原所接收的信号，依据一大小及相位估计每一被还原路径信号的权重(weight)，并将所产生的被加权的讯号结合一起。
为决定结合的路径以及这些路径所使用的相对权重，通常使用路径搜寻器。此路径搜寻器一般搜寻一个被传输信号的多路径成份的码相位。为Rake接收器选择具有最强的被接收成份的码相位。基于这些成份的被接收能量位准，此路径搜寻器决定每一成份应该由Rake接收器所给予的大小。
图1A及1B是可使用路径搜寻器的小区(cell)24A及24B的简要说明。这些图为了说明用而被极度地简化。在图1A，小区24A是未分段的(unsectorized)。基站20使用一天线组件以便从每一用户，UE221至223接收信号。小区24A中的路径搜寻器于其延迟传播(delay spread)加上不确定性的某些幅度(margin)，例如100码片(chip)分析每一用户。因此，小区24A的路径搜寻器仅分析300码片的延迟传播。
对照图1B，小区24B具有6区段271至276。小区24A的基站20使用每一区段271至276二天线组件2611至2662。对UE222而言，其传输路径由其区段176的每一天线组件2661，2662分析，例如100码片。因此，200码片(每一天线100码片)的组合传播(spread)为UE222而被分析。UE221正在区段271与272之间移动，并经验软切换(softer hand over)。在软切换中，基站20在二区段的天线2611，1612，，2621，2662接收UE的传输。对于在小区24B中经历软切换的UE，400码片(每二区段每二天线100码片)的组合传播被有效地分析。为分析所有UE221至227至小区24B的所有路径，路径搜寻器分析1600码片(在一区段中的6用户，200码片，以及经验软切换中的一用户，400码片)的组合延迟传播。
如图1A及1B所示，小区24A的节点B/基站用的路径搜寻器需要分析的路径比小区24B的搜寻器少。一种为处理二种小区而设计的路径搜寻器是去设计最坏情况负载用的路径搜寻器，例如小区24B。此种路径搜寻器的缺点在于，当被使用于较轻负载时，其许多资源都未能被使用，例如小区24A。因此，小区24A的操作者可能投资在比其需求更多成本的不需要路径。
另一种方法是设计客制化的路径搜寻器。一种路径搜寻器被设计处理轻的负载小区，例如小区24A。另一路径搜寻器被设计处理重的负载小区，例如小区24B。虽然此种方法将轻度负载中的闲置资源降至最低，它需要二或多重不同设计，这是我们所不希望的。此外，小区负载可能随时间而变化。小区24A的负载可能增加在小区24A的准位。于此种情况中，轻负载的路径搜寻器将由重负载路径搜寻器所取代。此种设备的更新耗费成本，也是我们不希望的。
因此，希望具有适用于变化的小区情况的节点B/基站搜寻器。
发明内容
一节点B/基站包括多个用以接收用户讯号的天线以及一路径搜寻器。此路径搜寻器包括一关联器集合。此集合的每一关联器使一输入的用户码与一输入的天线输出产生关联。一天线控制器也选择性地耦合多个天线中的一者至每一输入。
附图说明
图1A说明具有使用一万向天线(omni-direction antenna)的一基站的小区。
图1B说明具有每一区段使用二天线的一基站的小区。
图2是一路径搜寻器的简图。
图3是一关联器的简图。
图4是藉由增加ASICs估算一路径搜寻器的说明。
图5是一较佳3GPP关联器集合的图式。
具体实施方式
图2是较佳基站/节点B路径搜寻器的简要框图。基站/节点B的每一天线181至28M被耦合至天线关联器30。天线的数目，M，是变化的。对使用一万向天线的基站/节点B而言，天线的数目是1(M＝1)。对为每一区段使用一天线的区段的小区而言，天线组件的数目可能是大的。参考图1B的说明，每区段具有2天线组件的6区段小区将具有总共12个天线组件(M＝12)。天线控制器30有效地控制天线输出至关联器集合341至340(34)的耦合。
路径搜寻器追踪的每一UE22具有一个被指定的码。于第三代通信合作计划(3GPP)宽频码分多址通信系统(W-CDMA)中，每一UE码将是一展码(spread code)及一扰乱码(scrambling code)的组合。码控制器32控制进入关联器集合34的UE码输入。
图3说明一关联器集合34。每一关联器集合具有固定的关联器421至42p数目P(42)。此关联器42可为任何关联器装置，例如匹配滤波器。较佳者，关联器42的数目足以涵括来自每一用户的延迟传播加上不确定性的额外幅度(margin)。然而，关联器42的数目可以关联器42被用以处理一用户的延迟传播而小于延迟传播。此种设计将是我们想要的，其中路径搜寻器可被应用于经验不同延迟传播的系统。
到关联器集合34的每一关联器42的输入是来自天线控制器30的输出。有效地是，每一关联器集合34在一特定时间经由天线控制器30被耦合至基站/节点B的天线28。同时，进入每一关联器的每一输入是一特定用户的码每一关联器42是可再配置的以使任一用户的码产生关联。在每一关联器码输入之间是一延迟装置401至40p-1(40)。因此，每一关联器42令一特定天线组件28所接收的信号与一特定用户码的码相位延迟版本产生关联。
较佳者，每一延迟装置40延迟用户码一预定数量，例如1码片因此，关联器42集合34平均地跨越延迟传播的窗。为说明之故，如果100关联器42被指定给集合34，且每一延迟装置40将此码延迟1码片，此关联器集合34将以在每一码延迟产生的一关联器样本而跨越100码片的一个窗。每一关联器输出是进入分类器/端处理器36的输入。
关联器集合34有效地形成一再配置关联器池。每一集合能够处理任何用户码的任何天线。每一集合34的均匀的再配置有益于使用小尺寸设计的关联器42，此小尺寸设计在专用集成电路(ASIC)应用上的使用特别有益。对于具有超过码片速率的时钟速率的ASIC而言每一再配置关联即合34可被用以处理多重天线/码组合。为说明48码片速率时钟，每一关联器集合34可处理48天线/码组合。
每一关联器42的输出被一分类器/端处理器38处理。分类器/端处理器(post processor)36识别具有高能量位准准位的每一用户。路径选择器38产生每一用户的路径轮廓(profile)，UE1路径轮廓至UEN路径轮廓。每一用户的路径轮廓是用以复原该用户的讯号数据，例如藉由输入码相位及权重至一Rake接收器的手指。如果一用户在多重天线及/或区段上被接收，一轮廓为每一天线/区段产生，或产生所有天线/区段的组合轮廓。
此较佳的关联器集合34允许节点B/基站路径搜寻器硬件使用上的弹性。由于关联器集合的可再配置性质，当小区情况改变时，软件可修改硬件。路径搜寻器的硬件通常需要足以准备一例外尖峰小区负载的路径轮廓。在一非弹性设计中，于非尖峰期间，硬件被闲置。以可再配置的关联器集合34，潜在的闲置硬件可被应用，以改善目前用户的服务。为了说明，一小区经历一低用户负载。此软件对硬件重新配置以更有效率地更新目前服务的用户用的路径轮廓。因此，路径轮廓的品质增加改善了每一用户的接收品质。
此外，可重新配置性还有其它好处。对于需要较高服务品质(QOS)的用户而言，路径轮廓的更新频率周期可以比需要较少QOS的用户高。因此，可重新配置关联器集合34的弹性辅助较高QOS用户符合他们想要的QOS。
图4说明当实施于ASIC上的路径搜寻器的规模。开始时，一节点B/基站服务最大N的用户/天线组合。ASIC 461能够处理此N用户/天线组合。天线控制器30及码控制器32由软件44再配置为天线的数目及小区的区段以及用户的码。当小区负载增加时，额外的ASIC 462至46M被增加。因为每一关联器34是被再配置至任何天线/用户组合，此软件44可分布此天线/用户于ASIC 461至46M之上。
较佳者，对于具有多ASIC 461-46M的接收器而言，每一用户被软件44指定一特定的ASIC以有助于在多重天线组件28及区段27的上发展路径轮廓。另一方式为是，一ASIC 461至46M可被指定给每一区段，或可使用另一种指派方法。
图5是一3GPP用的较佳关联器集合68的图式。此关联器90从天线28接收一输出。于一3GPP系统中，使用正交相移键控(quadrature phase shiftingkeying，QPSK)来传送通信。一同相取样装置48及一正交取样装置50产生被选择天线输出的同相(I)及正交(Q)样本。此等样本由多任务器52处理以产生复数(complex)乘积。
较佳者，48扰乱码产生器56产生48个码。于较佳实施中使用48倍码片速率时钟。对一预定的码片周期，关联器541至54100(54)使48存取码在每一时钟周期期间依序产生关连。
每一关联器54具有多任务器581至58100(58)用以有效地混合存取码与复数样本。缓冲器601至60100(60)分类此混合的乘积。为产生有关联的乘积，使用一加总及转储(dump)电路。为48码的每一码，此混合的乘积被分类于缓冲器661至66100。此被缓冲的乘积被分类于48缓存器681至68100之一。此等缓存器允许此加总及转储电路在多码片上累积数值。多任务器701至70100选择每一码的累积的乘积。一缓冲器801至80100缓冲所选择的乘积。为在多重码片上累积乘积，先前一码的累积乘积经过多任务器621至62100，且加法器641至64100将的前累积的乘积加到下一混合的样本。
在特定的码片数目之后，数值装置821至82100决定复数乘积的数值。48码的每一码的数值被分类在一个别的缓存器841至84100。多任务器861至86100输出个别关联器541至54100的个别码的乘积。
使用图5的设计，一关联器90能够在100码片的码片延迟传播上处理48码。展开在节点B所能处理的范围，所产生的码的一半可以是其它码的100码片延迟的版本。因此，此关联器库68能在一码片周期中于200码片延迟上处理24码。
藉由增加关联器54至关联器集合90，集合90的码片范围可于其它方式中被扩展。同时，藉由变化所产生的码及时钟速率，被处理的码数目可被改变。

Claims (1)

1.一种节点B/基站，包括：
多个天线，用以接收来自用户的信号；以及
一路径搜寻器，包括：
一关联器集合，每一关联器用以使一输入的用户码与该多个天线的一输入的天线输出产生关联；
一天线控制器，用以有选择性地耦合该多个天线之一的一输出至该关联器集合的每一关联器的一输入；
多个用户码产生器，用以产生多个用户码；
一串延迟，每一延迟用以延迟该被选择的用户码一预定量且该关联器集合的每一关联器接收该被选择的用户码的一不同的码相位延迟；
该关联器集合的每一关联器具有一乘法器用以混合该多个码的一被选择码与该被选择耦合的一天线的一输出；以及
一分类器及路径选择器，用以分类该关联器集合的每一关联器的输出能量位准，并基于该被分类能量位准产生一用户的一路径轮廓。
CN03808150.4A 2002-04-12 2003-04-11 使用可再配置关联器集合的路径搜寻器 Expired - Fee Related CN1647406B (zh)

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