CN2757446Y - B节点/基地台雷克解调器共享 - Google Patents

B节点/基地台雷克解调器共享 Download PDF

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CN2757446Y
CN2757446Y CN03244039.1U CN03244039U CN2757446Y CN 2757446 Y CN2757446 Y CN 2757446Y CN 03244039 U CN03244039 U CN 03244039U CN 2757446 Y CN2757446 Y CN 2757446Y
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demodulator
antenna
user
base station
rake
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约翰·大卫·凯威尔二世
提摩希·伯费尔斯
雅恩·迈尔
彼得·波恩霍夫
亚力山大·芮茨尼克
爱德华·海普乐
麦克·考区
威廉·黑克特
大卫·贝斯
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InterDigital Technology Corp
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/69—Spread spectrum techniques
    • H04B1/707—Spread spectrum techniques using direct sequence modulation
    • H04B1/709—Correlator structure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/69—Spread spectrum techniques
    • H04B1/707—Spread spectrum techniques using direct sequence modulation
    • H04B1/709—Correlator structure
    • H04B1/7093—Matched filter type
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/69—Spread spectrum techniques
    • H04B1/707—Spread spectrum techniques using direct sequence modulation
    • H04B1/7073—Synchronisation aspects
    • H04B1/7075—Synchronisation aspects with code phase acquisition
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/69—Spread spectrum techniques
    • H04B1/707—Spread spectrum techniques using direct sequence modulation
    • H04B1/7073—Synchronisation aspects
    • H04B1/7075—Synchronisation aspects with code phase acquisition
    • H04B1/7077—Multi-step acquisition, e.g. multi-dwell, coarse-fine or validation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/69—Spread spectrum techniques
    • H04B1/707—Spread spectrum techniques using direct sequence modulation
    • H04B1/7097—Interference-related aspects
    • H04B1/711—Interference-related aspects the interference being multi-path interference
    • H04B1/7113—Determination of path profile
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/0491—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas using two or more sectors, i.e. sector diversity
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W88/00—Devices specially adapted for wireless communication networks, e.g. terminals, base stations or access point devices
    • H04W88/08—Access point devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/69—Spread spectrum techniques
    • H04B1/707—Spread spectrum techniques using direct sequence modulation
    • H04B1/7097—Interference-related aspects
    • H04B1/711—Interference-related aspects the interference being multi-path interference
    • H04B1/7115—Constructive combining of multi-path signals, i.e. RAKE receivers
    • H04B1/7117—Selection, re-selection, allocation or re-allocation of paths to fingers, e.g. timing offset control of allocated fingers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/69—Spread spectrum techniques
    • H04B1/707—Spread spectrum techniques using direct sequence modulation
    • H04B1/7097—Interference-related aspects
    • H04B1/711—Interference-related aspects the interference being multi-path interference
    • H04B1/7115—Constructive combining of multi-path signals, i.e. RAKE receivers
    • H04B1/712—Weighting of fingers for combining, e.g. amplitude control or phase rotation using an inner loop
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B2201/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of transmission systems not covered by a single group of H04B3/00 - H04B13/00
    • H04B2201/69—Orthogonal indexing scheme relating to spread spectrum techniques in general
    • H04B2201/707—Orthogonal indexing scheme relating to spread spectrum techniques in general relating to direct sequence modulation
    • H04B2201/70707—Efficiency-related aspects
    • H04B2201/7071—Efficiency-related aspects with dynamic control of receiver resources
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B2201/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of transmission systems not covered by a single group of H04B3/00 - H04B13/00
    • H04B2201/69—Orthogonal indexing scheme relating to spread spectrum techniques in general
    • H04B2201/707—Orthogonal indexing scheme relating to spread spectrum techniques in general relating to direct sequence modulation
    • H04B2201/70707—Efficiency-related aspects
    • H04B2201/7071—Efficiency-related aspects with dynamic control of receiver resources
    • H04B2201/70711—Efficiency-related aspects with dynamic control of receiver resources with modular structure

Abstract

一种B节点/基地台接收器，包括：至少一天线，用以接收信号。一可重组态雷克解调器的集用场的各个解调器是用以恢复一使用者的一多路径成分，并且指派该使用者的一信息码、该多路径成分的一信息码相位、及该至少一天线中的的一个天线。一天线/雷克解调器集用场接口是用以向该雷克集用场的各个解调器提供指派给该雷克解调器的该天线的一输出。一组合器是用以组合该使用者的该恢复多路径成分，藉以产生该使用者的数据。

Description

B节点/基地台雷克解调器共享
(1)技术领域
本实用新型有关一种无线分码多重存取(CDMA)通信系统。特别是，本实用新型有关一种在这类系统内的使用者信号接收。
(2)背景技术
图1是表示一种简化的无线分码多重存取(CDMA)通信系统。各个基地台201至204(20)是用来与其信元241至244内部的使用者设备(UE)221至2221(22)进行通信。为方便说明，如图1所示，基地台201是在其信元24内部与使用者设备(UE)221至229(22)进行通信。
另外，各个信元24亦可以再分割为多个分区261至266(26)，举例来说，图1所示的六个分区26。一般而言，这个基地台20是利用指派给这个分区的一个或多个天线，与各个分区26进行通信。一个分区26中的各个使用者设备(UE)则是利用这个分区的天线进行通信。
然而，使用者设备(UE)22在一个信元24及分区26内部的分布、及这个信元24及分区26的负载却可能会变动。图2A、2B、2C是用来表示各种不同的信元及分区负载。图2A是表示一个信元，其具有三个平均分布的低负载分区。各个分区26的使用者设备(UE)22是相对平均。图2B是表示一个低负载信元24，其具有不平均的使用者设备(UE)分布。其中，一个分区263不具有任何使用者设备(UE)，但是另一个分区262却具有很多使用者设备。图2C则是表示一个重负载信元24，其亦具有不平均的使用者设备(UE)分布。其中，一个分区263仅具有极少使用者设备(UE)，但是另外两个分区261及262却具有大量使用者设备(UE)。
另外，一个使用者设备(UE)22亦可能在不同分区26间移动，举例来说，由分区262移动至分区261，如图3所示。在两个不同分区261及262之间转换一个使用者设备(UE)22的一种已知方法是称为软性移交(softer handover)。在软性移交(softer handover)的方法中，在过渡期间，这个使用者设备(UE)22会同时利用两个不同分区261及262的天线进行通信。为改善信号品质，在软性移交(softer handover)的方法中，这个B节点/基地台接收器必须要能够适应各个不同分区26的接收信号的组合。
(3)实用新型内容
有鉴于此，本实用新型的主要目的是提供一种基地台/B节点接收器，藉以适应各种可能负载。
本实用新型的另一个目的是提供一种B节点/基地台接收器，藉以能够处理这些变动的条件。
本实用新型的一种B节点/基地台接收器，包括：至少一天线，用以接收信号。一可重组态雷克解调器的集用场的各个解调器是用以恢复一使用者的一多路径成分，并且指派该使用者的一信息码、该多路径成分的一信息码相位、及该至少一天线中的一天线。一天线/雷克解调器集用场接口是用以向该雷克集用场的各个解调器，提供指派给该雷克解调器的该天线的一输出。一组合器是用以组合该使用者的该恢复多路径成分，藉以产生该使用者的数据。
(4)附图说明
图1是表示一种简化的无线分码多重存取(CDMA)通信系统的示意图。
图2A、2B、及2C是表示各种不同的分区/信元负载的示意图。
图3是表示软性移交(softer handover)方法的示意图。
图4是表示根据本实用新型较佳实施例的一种B节点/基地台接收器的简化方块图。
图5是表示根据本实用新型较佳实施例的一种雷克(RAKE)解调器的简化方块图。
图6是表示根据本实用新型较佳实施例的另一种B节点/基地台接收器的简化方块图。
图7是表示组合一使用者的多路径成分的示意图。
图8是表示组合使用者经历软性移交(softer handover)的多路径成分的示意图。
图9A、9B、及9C是表示B节点/基地台接收器的可扩展性(scalability)及弹性示意图。
(5)具体实施方式
图4是表示根据本实用新型较佳实施例的一个信元24的一种基地台/B节点接收器的简化方块图。这个信元24是切割为M个分区261至26M(26)。虽然M亦可以是任何数目，但是M的较佳数目还是六(6)、三(3)、及一(1)。各个分区26具有N个天线2811-281N至28M1-28MN(28)，用以接收该分区26的使用者通信。虽然N亦可以是任何数目、且亦可以随着各个分区而变动，但是N的较佳数目还是一(1)、二(2)、及四(4)。
所有分区26的天线是连接至一个天线/雷克(RAKE)解调器集用场接口30。这个接口30是用来将这些天线输出连接至这个雷克(RAKE)解调器集用场的雷克(RAKE)解调器处理器(解调器)321至320(32)。各个雷克(RAKE)解调器32会指派欲恢复的一个特定使用者接收多路径成分。为了恢复这个成分，各个雷克(RAKE)解调器32会指派一个天线28、及关连这个接收成分的信息码及信息码相位。放置这个使用者设备(UE)22的分区26的一个天线28会经由这个天线/雷克(RAKE)解调器集用场接口30，连接至这些雷克(RAKE)解调器32。这个使用者设备(UE)32使用的信息码会伴随想要的多路径成分的信息码相位、提供给这个雷克(RAKE)解调器32。这个雷克(RAKE)解调器32是用来恢复这个多路径成分、并在组合这个使用者的其它多路径成分前，加权这个成分。
图5是表示根据本实用新型较佳实施例的一种雷克(RAKE)解调器46的简化方块图，虽然本实用新型亦可以利用其它类型的雷克(RAKE)解调器。这个解调46是用来经由其天线28接收一接收信号的取样。一路径追迹器40是用来将这个解调器46与其信息码相位校准。另外，一个解扩器(despreader)/乱序还原器(descrambler)38是利用对应的使用者信息码，对这些接收取样进行解扩及乱序还原，藉以恢复多路径成分对于使用者数据的贡献。另外，这个路径追迹器40亦会经由内插法(举例来说)追迹这个路径及校正取样误差，藉以使这个解扩器(despreader)/乱序还原器(descrambler)38输出能够适当地取样。接着，这个贡献便可以利用一个综合加权装置42进行加权，藉以将多个成分的组合步骤最佳化。较佳者，这个加权步骤最好能够利用最大比例组合(MRC)的方式进行，虽然本实用新型亦可以使用其它类型的加权算法。
另外，一个信号噪声比例(SNR)预测器44是用来预测这个多路径成分的信号噪声比例(SNR)，藉以用于加权步骤及组合算法中。一种计算加权因子(W)的计算机制最好是位于这个雷克(RAKE)解调器46的位置。在本较佳实施例中，我们亦会提供一个路径加权产生器48。一般而言，这个路径加权产生器48是基于这个解扩信号的数据成分进行操作。然而，应该注意的是，这个决策反馈亦可以用来让这个雷克(RAKE)解调器46能够基于这个解扩信号的数据成分进行操作。
请再次参考图4，各个解调器32最好能够隔离其它解调器地进行操作，并且可以具有指派的天线28、以及针对任何其它天线进行重组态的信息码及信息码相位。这种隔离及可重组态的特性可以让这个雷克(RAKE)解调器集用场适用于各种不同环境。另外，这种隔离及可重组态的特性亦可以让这些解调器32能够利用小型可扩展设计加以实施，其亦是应用在特殊用途集成电路(ASIC)的重要优点。对于时脉速率超过芯片速率的特殊用途集成电路(ASIC)而言，各个可重组态的雷克(RAKE)解调器32均可以用来处理多个成分。为方便说明，对于时脉速率为芯片速率十六倍的特殊用途集成电路(ASIC)而言，每个可重组态的雷克(RAKE)解调器均可以在一个芯片周期内处理十六个不同的多路径成分。
由于这些雷克(RAKE)解调器32的输出具有变动的输出延迟，因为我们必须利用一个同步缓冲器34，藉以在组合步骤前进行同步。较佳者，这个同步缓冲器最好能够利用一个共享内存加以执行。在另一个实施例中，如图6所示，这个缓冲步骤亦可以在这些取样输入这个雷克(RAKE)解调器集用场之前执行，藉以让各个雷克(RAKE)解调器32的输出能够在组合步骤前进行同步。
等到各个雷克(RAKE)解调器输出的同步动作完成后，各个使用者设备(UE)的多路径成分便可以利用组合器36组合，藉以产生这个使用者的软符号(soft symbol)(使用者1数据至使用者2数据)。图7是表示置于分区K 26K的使用者的组合动作。对于分区K 26K的N个天线28K1至28KN而言，L个多路径成分(多路径成分K11-K1L至KN1-KNL)是加以组合，虽然各个天线28组合多路径成分的数目可能会不同。在本实施例中，N×L个成分是利用组合器(诸如：加法器46)组合，藉以产生想要的使用者数据。
图8是表示当经历分区J 28J及分区K 26K之间的软性移交(softerhandover)时一个使用者的组合动作的示意图。在软性移交(softer handover)时，这个使用者会在两个分区26间进行过渡。在过渡期间，这个使用者会同时与两个分区26进行通信。对于分区J及K的这N个天线28K1-28KN及28J1-28JN而言，本实用新型是利用这个组合器48组合L个多路径成分，藉以产生想要的使用者数据。
这种B节点/基地台接收器的架构可以适应动态的信元负载及使用者分布。另外，这些雷克(RAKE)解调器32的可重组态特性亦可依需要设置解调器32。对于使用者平均分布于其分区的信元而言，这些雷克(RAKE)解调器32可以平均地设置在各个分区26。相对地，对于分区负载不同的信元而言，我们则可以在重负载分区设置较多解调器、并在轻负载分区设置较少解调器。另外，我们亦可以在使用者要求较高服务品质(QoS)的分区，设置较多的解调器32。
图9A、9B、及9C是进一步说明本实用新型B节点/基地台接收器的可扩展性(scalability)及弹性。如图9A所示，首先，具有重负载的未分区信元24是完全利用单一特殊用途集成电路(ASIC)521进行处理。随着信元负载的增加，如图9B所示，这个信元24会切割为三个分区261、262、263。这些雷克(RAKE)解调器32的弹性可重组态特性亦可以让相同的特殊用途集成电路(ASIC)521应用在分区的信元中。这些雷克(RAKE)解调器32是利用天线/雷克(RAKE)集用场接口30的变动(举例来说，利用软件)，设置予不同分区的使用者。另外，当信元持续增加时，如图9C所示，我们亦可以加入额外的特殊用途集成电路(ASIC)522，藉以增加可利用雷克(RAKE)解调器32的整体数目。另外，加入这个特殊用途集成电路(ASIC)522亦会考虑到B节点/基地台接收器的可扩展性。
较佳者，对于具有多个特殊用途集成电路(ASIC)52的接收器而言，各个使用者均会指派予某个特定的特殊用途集成电路(ASIC)52，藉以处理在经历软性移交(softer handover)时的组合动作。较佳者，由于这些雷克(RAKE)解调器32均没有指派给一个分区26，因此来自多个分区26的使用者接收成分的组合动作便可以轻易实现。这种组合多个分区成分的能力可以协助图8所示的软性移交(softer handover)。或者，我们亦可以将一个特殊用途集成电路(ASIC)52指派给各个分区26。然而，倘若软性移交(softer handover)仅能够适用于指派给一个分区26的特殊用途集成电路(ASIC)52，则我们便需要利用一种接口，藉以组合经历软性移交(softer handover)的使用者设备(UE)的成分。

Claims (4)

1.一种B节点/基地台接收器，包括：
至少一天线，用以接收来自使用者的信号；
一可重组态雷克解调器的集用场，其中，各个解调器是用以恢复一使用者的一多路径成分，且各个雷克解调器是指派该使用者的一信息码、该多路径成分的一信息码相位、及该至少一天线中的一天线；
一天线/雷克解调器集用场接口，用以向该雷克集用场的各个解调器提供指派给该雷克解调器的该天线的一输出；以及
一组合器，用以组合该使用者的该恢复多路径成分，藉以产生该使用者的数据。
2.如权利要求1所述的B节点/基地台接收器，其特征在于，还包括：一缓冲器，用以在输入该组合器前进行该恢复多路径成分的相位校准。
3.如权利要求1所述的B节点/基地台接收器，其特征在于，还包括：一缓冲器，用以在输入该集用区前进行该天线/雷克解调器集用场接口的该输出的相位校准，藉以使该集用场的该解调器的该输出组合步骤可以省略执行相位校准步骤。
4.如权利要求1所述的B节点/基地台接收器，其特征在于，该至少一天线是多个天线。
CN03244039.1U 2002-04-12 2003-04-14 B节点/基地台雷克解调器共享 Expired - Lifetime CN2757446Y (zh)

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