CN2792065Y - 具有存取丛发检测器的b节点/基地台 - Google Patents

具有存取丛发检测器的b节点/基地台 Download PDF

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CN2792065Y
CN2792065Y CN03244040.5U CN03244040U CN2792065Y CN 2792065 Y CN2792065 Y CN 2792065Y CN 03244040 U CN03244040 U CN 03244040U CN 2792065 Y CN2792065 Y CN 2792065Y
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约翰·大卫·凯威尔二世
提摩希·伯费尔斯
雅恩·迈尔
彼得·波恩霍夫
亚力山大·芮茨尼克
爱德华·海普乐
麦克·考区
威廉·黑克特
大卫·贝斯
史蒂芬·佛兰弟
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/69—Spread spectrum techniques
    • H04B1/707—Spread spectrum techniques using direct sequence modulation
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    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
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    • H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/69—Spread spectrum techniques
    • H04B1/707—Spread spectrum techniques using direct sequence modulation
    • H04B1/709—Correlator structure
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
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    • H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/69—Spread spectrum techniques
    • H04B1/707—Spread spectrum techniques using direct sequence modulation
    • H04B1/7073—Synchronisation aspects
    • H04B1/7075—Synchronisation aspects with code phase acquisition
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
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    • H04B1/707—Spread spectrum techniques using direct sequence modulation
    • H04B1/7073—Synchronisation aspects
    • H04B1/7075—Synchronisation aspects with code phase acquisition
    • H04B1/7077—Multi-step acquisition, e.g. multi-dwell, coarse-fine or validation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/69—Spread spectrum techniques
    • H04B1/707—Spread spectrum techniques using direct sequence modulation
    • H04B1/7097—Interference-related aspects
    • H04B1/711—Interference-related aspects the interference being multi-path interference
    • H04B1/7113—Determination of path profile
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
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    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/0491—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas using two or more sectors, i.e. sector diversity
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
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    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/69—Spread spectrum techniques
    • H04B1/707—Spread spectrum techniques using direct sequence modulation
    • H04B1/7097—Interference-related aspects
    • H04B1/711—Interference-related aspects the interference being multi-path interference
    • H04B1/7115—Constructive combining of multi-path signals, i.e. RAKE receivers
    • H04B1/7117—Selection, re-selection, allocation or re-allocation of paths to fingers, e.g. timing offset control of allocated fingers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/69—Spread spectrum techniques
    • H04B1/707—Spread spectrum techniques using direct sequence modulation
    • H04B1/7097—Interference-related aspects
    • H04B1/711—Interference-related aspects the interference being multi-path interference
    • H04B1/7115—Constructive combining of multi-path signals, i.e. RAKE receivers
    • H04B1/712—Weighting of fingers for combining, e.g. amplitude control or phase rotation using an inner loop
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B2201/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of transmission systems not covered by a single group of H04B3/00 - H04B13/00
    • H04B2201/69—Orthogonal indexing scheme relating to spread spectrum techniques in general
    • H04B2201/707—Orthogonal indexing scheme relating to spread spectrum techniques in general relating to direct sequence modulation
    • H04B2201/70707—Efficiency-related aspects
    • H04B2201/7071—Efficiency-related aspects with dynamic control of receiver resources
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B2201/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of transmission systems not covered by a single group of H04B3/00 - H04B13/00
    • H04B2201/69—Orthogonal indexing scheme relating to spread spectrum techniques in general
    • H04B2201/707—Orthogonal indexing scheme relating to spread spectrum techniques in general relating to direct sequence modulation
    • H04B2201/70707—Efficiency-related aspects
    • H04B2201/7071—Efficiency-related aspects with dynamic control of receiver resources
    • H04B2201/70711—Efficiency-related aspects with dynamic control of receiver resources with modular structure

Abstract

一种B节点/基地台，具有一存取丛发(burst)检测器，该存取丛发检测器包括数个天线，用以接收来自使用者的信号。一组关连器，其每一个关连器用以关连一输入存取丛发信息码及该数个天线的输入天线输出。一天线控制器用以选择性地耦接该数个天线中的一天线的输出及该组关连器的输入。数个信息码发生器用以输出数个存取信息码。一串延迟，其中各个延迟用以将该数个存取信息码延迟一预定数量。该列延迟中各个延迟的输出是输入至该关连器的一不同关连器。该组的各个关连器包括一多任务器，用以组合该数个存取信息码的一存取信息码及该数个输出存取信息码的该选定输出存取信息码的输出。一排序器/后处理器用以排列该关连器的输出能量位准。

Description

具有存取丛发检测器的B节点/基地台
(1)技术领域
本实用新型有关一种无线分码多重存取(CDMA)通信系统。特别是，本实用新型有关在这类系统中检测存取丛发。
(2)背景技术
在无线通信系统中，存取丛发通常是用以增进系统信息的存取。这类丛发的例子是用以存取物理随机存取信道(PRACH)及物理共享封包信道(PCPCH)的前文(preamble)，诚如第三代合作计划(3GPP)宽频分码多重存取(W-CDMA)通信系统所建议。
为增进这些信道的存取，使用者是传送一前导段(preamble)或标记(前导段(preamble))至基地台。这个基地台广播可利用的信息码及能够传送前导段(preamble)的时槽。另外，这个使用者亦会传送传输前导段(preamble)的功率位准，直到这个基地台检测到这个前导段(preamble)、或达到一最大传送功率位准。一旦这个基地台检测到一个特定使用者前导段(preamble)，一确认(ACK)信号或一否定确认(NAK)信号传送至这个使用者，藉以表示这个信道的可利用性。
图1A及图1B是表示利用存取丛发检测的两种可能使用者密度及信元大小。图1A是表示具有高密度使用者的一小信元24A，诸如：一市区。这个基地台20是服务使用者设备(UE)221至2217。为适应大数目的使用者，许多前导段(preamble)信息码是用于区别使用者。图1B是表示具有少数使用者的大信元24B。这个基地台20是服务使用者设备(UE)221至223。由于仅仅具有极少使用者，因此大信元24B仅需要少数几个前导段(preamble)信息码，便足以区别使用者。然而，来自使用者(UE)223(其较为接近这个基地台)的前导段(preamble)传输的延迟是远小于来自使用者(UE)222(其位于这个信元24B周边)的前导段(preamble)传输。各个使用者是将其传输与这个基地台的传输的接收时序同步。因此，在这个信元24B周边的使用者传输的往返延迟是远大于较为接近的使用者。因此，图1的基地台20亦需要处理这些延迟扩展(spread)。另外，基于信元大小及使用者密度，基地台20的存取丛发检测器亦必须有所不同。
另外，其它信元参数亦可能有所不同。如图2A所示，这个信元24A是切割为六个分区261至266。另外，这个基地台20亦会利用各个分区261至266的两个天线2811至2862，藉以利用各个分区261至266的传送及接收变异性。首先，在这个信元24A中传输的一前导段(preamble)可以利用这些分区261至266的任何天线组件2811至2862进行检测。有鉴于此，在这种排列中，本实用新型的主要目的便是提供一种方法，藉以让基地台20能够利用任何天线组件2811至2862，检测这个信元24的任何前导段(preamble)信息码。相对于图2B，这个信元是没有分区，且这个基地台20是使用单一全方向天线28。
处理这些变动状况的一种方法是建立硬件，藉以应付各种支持天线上、各种可能存取信息码的最大可能往返延迟。然而，这些参数的最差可能组合的设计却不太可能会发生。一般而言，大信元会利用极少数的存取信息码，而应付″热点区域(hot spot area)″的小信元却可能需要较多信息码。另外，分区动作亦会降低使用存取信息码的数目。通常，利用最差状况的硬件设计可能会在某些实施例中导致大量未利用的硬件、或是得到仅支持较差状况的硬件设计实施例。
(3)实用新型内容
有鉴于此，本实用新型的一个目的是提供一种B节点/基地台，藉以有效利用硬件、并弹性地处理这些变动状况。
一种B节点/基地台，具有一存取丛发检测器，这种存取丛发检测器包括数个天线，用以接收来自使用者的信号。一组可重组态关连器的各个关连器是用以关连一输入存取丛发信息码及该数个天线的一输入天线输出。一天线控制器是用以选择性地耦接该数个天线的一天线的输出及该组可重组态关连器的该关连器的输入。数个信息码发生器是用以输出数个存取信息码。一串延迟的各个延迟是用以将该数个存取信息码延迟一预定数量。该列延迟的各个延迟的输出是输入至该关连器的一不同关连器。该组可重组态关连器的各个关连器包括一多任务器，用以组合该数个存取信息码的一存取信息码及该数个输出存取信息码的该选定输出存取信息码的输出。一排序器/后处理器是用以排列该关连器的输出能量位准。
(4)附图说明
图1A是表示具有大使用者密度的小信元的示意图。
图1B是表示具有小使用者密度的大信元的示意图。
图2A是表示具有一基地台的一分区信元的示意图，其中各个分区是利用两个天线。
图2B是表示具有一基地台的一未分区信元的示意图，其中该未分区信元具有一全向天线。
图3是表示一存取丛发检测器的一较佳实施例的简化方块图。
图4是表示一存取丛发检测器的一较佳实施例的简化方块图。
图5A是表示一基地台服务的一小分区信元的示意图，其中该基地台是利用一特殊用途集成电路(ASIC)及软件。
图5A是表示一基地台服务的一大分区信元的示意图，其中该基地台是利用一特殊用途集成电路(ASIC)及软件。
图5C是表示一基地台服务、且具有六个分区的一小分区信元的示意图，其中该基地台是利用二特殊用途集成电路(ASIC)及软件。
图6是表示根据本实用新型较佳实施例、一第三代合作计划(3GPP)关连器库(bank)的方块图。
(5)具体实施方式
图3是根据本实用新型较佳实施例的一种基地台/B节点存取丛发检测器(access burst detector)的简化方块图。如图中所示，这个基地台/B节点的各个天线281至28M是耦接至一个天线控制器30。另外，天线的数目M亦可以有所不同。对于使用一个全向天线的一个基地台/B节点而言，天线的数目为1。对于各个分区具有一个天线数组的分区信元而言，天线的数目亦可以很大。为方便说明，请参考图2A，每个分区具有两个天线的一个六分区信元(sector cell)总共具有十二(12)个天线。另外，这个天线控制器30则是用来有效地控制这些天线输出及这些关连器361-360的耦接。
对于这个基地台/B节点使用的各个存取信息码而言，这个控制器是用来控制这个存取信息码，使其输入至各个关连器361-360。另外，一个信息码相位控制器/延迟装置34乃是用来控制各个关连器361-360操作的信息码相位/延迟。各个关连器361-360，诸如一个匹配滤波器，是架构成在给定的信息码相位/延迟内关连一个给定的输入信息码及一个给定的输入天线输出。因此，各个关连器361-360最好是可重组态的，藉以在任何信息码相位/延迟时关连任何天线输出及任何信息码。
另外，这些关连器361-360可以有效地形成一个可重组态的关连器集用场。这个关连器集用场的可重组态特性可以使其广泛应用在各种环境中。另外，各个关连器的一致可重组态特性则可以协助利用小型可扩展设计完成这些关连器，其是应用在特殊用途集成电路(ASIC)时的重要优点。对于时脉速率超过芯片速率的特殊用途集成电路(ASIC)而言，各个可重组态关连器均可以用来处理数个天线/信息码/信息码相位组合。为方便说明，对于时脉速率为四十八倍芯片速率的特殊用途集成电路(ASIC)而言，各个关连器可以同时处理四十八个天线/信息码/信息码相位组合。
各个关连器361-360的输出是利用排序器/后处理器38进行处理。这个排序器/后处理器38是利用关连器输出能量的顺序，排序各种信息码/信息码相位组合。超过一预定关连能量临界值的存取信息码是视为检测到。根据存取信息码的检测，一对应的确认信号(ACK)或否定确认(NAK)信号传送出去，藉以表示要求数据是否可供利用。
图4是存取丛发检测器的另一种架构。类似于图3的架构，这个天线控制器30是有效地控制各个天线组件输出及各个关连器361-360的耦接。另外，N个信息码发生器40是用以产生N个信息码。另外，一串延迟装置411-410-1是产生这些信息码的一串延迟变动。各个延迟的较佳数值是一个芯片或半个芯片。因此，输入各个关连器361-360的信息码是相同信息码的不同延迟版本。为方便说明，倘若各个延迟是一个芯片的延迟，则这些关连器是会在具有O芯片延迟的一个窗口中接收一个窗口的延迟信息码版本。因此，这些关连器库(bank)可以在O芯片的一个延迟扩展(spread)上关连一个给定的信息码。另外，各个关连器361-360的输出是利用一个排序器/后处理器38进行处理。
在前导段(preamble)检测的一实施例中，图4的存取丛发检测器是具有四十八个信息码发生器(N＝48)、六十四个关连器(O＝64)、并操作于四十八倍芯片速率。这个检测器是可以处理在六十四个芯片的信元半径内，四十八个信息码/天线组合，诸如：十二个天线上的四个信息码。这个信元半径可以借助减半这个信息码/天线组合至二十四，藉以加倍至一百二十八个芯片。由于这个延迟库(bank)仅会扩展至六十四个芯片，半数信息码发生器将会以六十四个芯片延迟产生信息码，藉以服务整个信元半径。
由于这个关连器库(bank)的弹性，这个存取丛发检测器是弹性的及可扩展至各种基地台/B节点的实施例，如图5A、5B、5C所示。对于能够处理3072个信息码/天线/延迟组合的一个存取丛发检测器特殊用途集成电路(ASIC)而言，一个特殊用途集成电路(ASIC)44能够处理图5A信元的布局。在图5A中，这个信元具有三个分区，各个分区是指派两个天线组件2811至2832。这个信元具有六十四个芯片的半径。各个分区是使用八个存取信息码。这个基地台20是使用一个特殊用途集成电路(ASIC)44处理这个信元(8个信息码×12个天线组件×64个芯片＝3072个信息码/天线/延迟组合)。
在图5B中，这个信元是具有一百二十八个芯片的半径。这个信元并不具有分区，并且利用两个天线组件281及282进行处理。这个信元可以使用十二个存取信息码。这个基地台20可以利用一个特殊用途集成电路(ASIC)44处理这个信元(12个信息码×2个天线组件×128个芯片＝3072个信息码/天线/延迟组合)。
在图5C中，这个信元的大小是与图5A的大小，六十四个芯片的半径，相同。然而，这个信元具有较高的密度、并切割为六个分区。各个分区是利用两个天线组件2811至2862服务。八个存取信息码可以用于各个分区中。这个基地台20是利用两个特殊用途集成电路(ASIC)441及442处理这个信元(8个信息码×12个天线组件×64个芯片＝3072个信息码/天线/延迟组合)。因此，相同的特殊用途集成电路(ASIC)44可以利用软件42变动，同时用于图5A及5B的信元。为处理图5C的较高要求，这个实施例是使用两个特殊用途集成电路(ASIC)441及442。另外，各个特殊用途集成电路(ASIC)441及442负责的信息码/天线/延迟组合切割最好是利用软件42控制。
图6是用于第三代合作计划(3GPP)存取丛发检测器中关连器库(bank)68的较佳实施例的方块图。这个关连器库(bank)66是利用多任务器(MUX)46，耦接至一个天线28。这个多任务器(MUX)46是用来选择一个天线输出，藉以供这个关连器库(bank)68使用。在第三代合作计划(3GPP)中，这些存取丛发是利用九十度相移键控(QPSK)调变传送。另外，一个同相位(in-phase)取样装置48及一个九十度相差取样装置50产生选定天线输出的同相(I)及九十度相差(Q)取样。这些取样，随后是利用数个结果装置54处理，藉以产生数个结果。
较佳者，四十八个存取信息码是利用四十八个乱序还原(scrambling)信息码发生器58加以产生。各个存取信息码是承载十六个标记，如第三代合作计划(3GPP)标准所建议。在较佳实施例中，本实用新型是利用四十八倍的芯片速率。对于一个给定的芯片周期而言，这些关连器561至5622(56)是在各个时脉期间，依序关连这四十八个存取信息码。
各个关连器56具有一个多任务器(MUX)601至6022(20)，藉以有效地混合各个存取信息码及一个天线输出。另外，一个缓冲器621至6222(62)是用以储存这个混合结果。为在一个存取信息码内处理十六个标记，十六个Hadamard标记检测器6411至6422是用以检测这十六个标记。关连器56的较佳数目为22。在各个关连器56间是一个缓冲器661至6622，用以在进入后续关连器56前将这个信息码延迟一个芯片。因此，一个时脉中的关连器库(bank)66便可以在二十二个芯片的延迟扩展(spread)上关连十六个标记的存取信息码。
利用图6的实施例，一个关连器库(bank)68是能够在一个芯片周期内、在二十二个芯片的芯片延迟下处理四十八个存取信息码。为延伸这个B节点的范围，半数产生信息码可以是其它信息码的二十二个芯片延迟版本。因此，这个关连器库(bank)68可以在一个芯片周期内、在四十四个芯片延迟下处理二十四个存取信息码。或者，这个关连器库(bank)68亦可以降低关连器存取信息码的数目，藉以在单一周期内处理数个天线。
借助在这个关连器库(bank)中增加关连器56，这个库(bank)56便可以延伸至其它各种实施例。另外，借助改变产生的存取信息码及时脉速率，处理信息码的数目亦可以改变。

Claims (1)

1.一种具有存取丛发检测器的B节点/基地台，具有一存取丛发检测器以及数个天线，用以接收来自使用者的信号；其特征在于还包括：
至少一组可重组态关连器，该至少一组的各个关连器是用以关连一输入存取丛发信息码及该数个天线的一输入天线输出；
一天线控制器，用以选择性地耦接该数个天线的一天线的一输出至该组的该关连器的一输入；
数个信息码发生器，用以输出数个存取信息码；
一串延迟，其中各个延迟用以将该数个存取信息码延迟一预定数量，该列延迟的各个延迟的输出是输入至该关连器的一不同关连器；
该组的各个关连器包括一多任务器，用以组合该数个存取信息码的一存取信息码及该数个输出存取信息码的该选定输出存取信息码的输出；以及
一排序器/后处理器，用以排列该关连器的输出能量位准。
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