CN1701524A - 存取丛发侦测器关联器组 - Google Patents

存取丛发侦测器关联器组 Download PDF

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CN1701524A
CN1701524A CN03808149.0A CN03808149A CN1701524A CN 1701524 A CN1701524 A CN 1701524A CN 03808149 A CN03808149 A CN 03808149A CN 1701524 A CN1701524 A CN 1701524A
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correlator
antenna
base station
code
input
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约翰·大卫·小凯威尔
提摩希·伯费尔斯
雅恩·迈尔
彼得·波恩霍夫
亚历山大·芮茨尼克
爱德华·L·海普乐
迈克·考区
威廉·C·黑克特
大卫·S·贝斯
史蒂芬·佛兰蒂
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InterDigital Technology Corp
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/69—Spread spectrum techniques
    • H04B1/707—Spread spectrum techniques using direct sequence modulation
    • H04B1/709—Correlator structure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/69—Spread spectrum techniques
    • H04B1/707—Spread spectrum techniques using direct sequence modulation
    • H04B1/709—Correlator structure
    • H04B1/7093—Matched filter type
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/69—Spread spectrum techniques
    • H04B1/707—Spread spectrum techniques using direct sequence modulation
    • H04B1/7073—Synchronisation aspects
    • H04B1/7075—Synchronisation aspects with code phase acquisition
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/69—Spread spectrum techniques
    • H04B1/707—Spread spectrum techniques using direct sequence modulation
    • H04B1/7073—Synchronisation aspects
    • H04B1/7075—Synchronisation aspects with code phase acquisition
    • H04B1/7077—Multi-step acquisition, e.g. multi-dwell, coarse-fine or validation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/69—Spread spectrum techniques
    • H04B1/707—Spread spectrum techniques using direct sequence modulation
    • H04B1/7097—Interference-related aspects
    • H04B1/711—Interference-related aspects the interference being multi-path interference
    • H04B1/7113—Determination of path profile
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/0491—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas using two or more sectors, i.e. sector diversity
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W88/00—Devices specially adapted for wireless communication networks, e.g. terminals, base stations or access point devices
    • H04W88/08—Access point devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/69—Spread spectrum techniques
    • H04B1/707—Spread spectrum techniques using direct sequence modulation
    • H04B1/7097—Interference-related aspects
    • H04B1/711—Interference-related aspects the interference being multi-path interference
    • H04B1/7115—Constructive combining of multi-path signals, i.e. RAKE receivers
    • H04B1/7117—Selection, re-selection, allocation or re-allocation of paths to fingers, e.g. timing offset control of allocated fingers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/69—Spread spectrum techniques
    • H04B1/707—Spread spectrum techniques using direct sequence modulation
    • H04B1/7097—Interference-related aspects
    • H04B1/711—Interference-related aspects the interference being multi-path interference
    • H04B1/7115—Constructive combining of multi-path signals, i.e. RAKE receivers
    • H04B1/712—Weighting of fingers for combining, e.g. amplitude control or phase rotation using an inner loop
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B2201/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of transmission systems not covered by a single group of H04B3/00 - H04B13/00
    • H04B2201/69—Orthogonal indexing scheme relating to spread spectrum techniques in general
    • H04B2201/707—Orthogonal indexing scheme relating to spread spectrum techniques in general relating to direct sequence modulation
    • H04B2201/70707—Efficiency-related aspects
    • H04B2201/7071—Efficiency-related aspects with dynamic control of receiver resources
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B2201/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of transmission systems not covered by a single group of H04B3/00 - H04B13/00
    • H04B2201/69—Orthogonal indexing scheme relating to spread spectrum techniques in general
    • H04B2201/707—Orthogonal indexing scheme relating to spread spectrum techniques in general relating to direct sequence modulation
    • H04B2201/70707—Efficiency-related aspects
    • H04B2201/7071—Efficiency-related aspects with dynamic control of receiver resources
    • H04B2201/70711—Efficiency-related aspects with dynamic control of receiver resources with modular structure

Abstract

一种节点B/基站，其具有一存取丛发侦测器。该存取丛发侦测器是包括：至少一天线，用以接收来自用户的信号；以及一集用场的可变配置相关器。各个相关器是以一输入讯息码相位，使一输入存取丛发讯息码及一输入天线输出产生关连。一天线控制器是选择性地连接该至少一天线的任何输出至该等相关器的任一的一输入。一讯息码控制器是用以向各个相关器的一输入，提供一存取丛发讯息码。该讯息码控制器是控制各个控制器的输入讯息码相位。一排序器/后处理器是用以排列该等相关器的输出能量位准。

Description

存取丛发侦测器关联器组
技术领域
本发明是有关于无线码分多址(CDMA)通信系统。特别是，本发明是有关于在这类系统中侦测存取丛发(access burst)。
背景技术
在无线通信系统中，存取丛发通常是用以增进系统资源的存取。这类丛发的例子是用以存取物理随机存取信道(PRACH)及物理共享分组信道(PCPCH)的前导信息(preamble)，诚如第三代合作计划(3GPP)宽频码分多址(W-CDMA)通信系统所建议。
为增进这些信道的存取，用户是传送一前导信息(preamble)或签章(前导信息(preamble))至基站。这个基站是广播可利用的讯息码及能够传送前导信息(preamble)的时隙。另外，这个用户亦会传送传输前导信息(preamble)的功率位准，直到这个基站侦测到这个前导信息(preamble)、或达到一最大传送功率位准。一旦这个基站侦测到一个特定用户前导信息(preamble)，一确认(ACK)信号或一负确认(NAK)信号是传送至这个用户，藉以表示这个信道的可利用性。
图1A及1B是表示利用存取丛发侦测的两种可能用户密度及小区大小。图1A是表示具有高密度用户的一小小区24A，诸如：一市区。这个基站20是服务用户设备(UE)221至2217。为适应大数目的用户，许多前导信息(preamble)讯息码是用区别用户。图1B是表示具有少数用户的大小区24B。这个基站20是服务用户设备(UE)221至223。由于仅仅具有极少用户，因此大小区24B仅需要少数几个前导信息(preamble)讯息码，便足以区别用户。然而，来自用户(UE)223(其较为接近这个基站)的前导信息(preamble)传输的延迟是远小于来自用户(UE)222(其位于这个小区24B周边)的前导信息(preamble)传输。各个用户是将其传输与这个基站的传输的接收时序同步。因此，在这个小区24B周边的用户传输的往返延迟是远大于较为接近的用户。因此，图1的基站20亦需要处理这些延迟扩展(spread)。另外，基于小区大小及用户密度，基站20的存取丛发侦测器亦必须有所不同。
另外，其它小区参数亦可能有所不同。如图2A所示，这个小区24A是切割为六个分区261至266。另外，这个基站20亦会利用各个分区261至266的两个天线2811至2862，藉以利用各个分区261至266的传送及接收变异性。首先，在这个小区24A中传输的一前导信息(preamble)可以利用这些分区261至266的任何天线组件2811至2862进行侦测。有鉴于此，在这种排列中，本发明的主要目的便是提供一种方法，藉以让基站20能够利用任何天线组件2811至2862，侦测这个小区24的任何前导信息(preamble)讯息码。相对于图2B，这个小区是没有分区，且这个基站20是使用单一全方向天线28。
处理这些变动状况的一种方法是建立硬件，藉以应付各种支持天线上、各种可能存取讯息码的最大可能往返延迟。然而，这些参数的最差可能组合的设计却不太可能会发生。一般而言，大小区会利用极少数的存取讯息码，而应付”热点区域(hot spot area)”的小小区却可能需要较多讯息码。另外，分区动作亦会降低使用存取讯息码的数目。通常，利用最差状况的硬件设计可能会在某些实施例中导致大量未利用的硬件、或是得到仅支持较差状况的硬件设计实施例。
有鉴于此，本发明的另一个目的便是提供一种节点B/基站，藉以有效利用硬件、并弹性地处理这些变动状况。
发明内容
一种节点B/基站，其具有一存取丛发侦测器。该存取丛发侦测器是包括：至少一天线，用以接收来自用户的信号；以及一组(pool)可变配置相关器。各个相关器是以一输入讯息码相位，关连一输入存取丛发讯息码及一输入天线输出。一天线控制器是选择性地连接该至少一天线的任何输出及该等相关器的任何相关器的一输入。一讯息码控制器是用以向各个相关器的一输入，提供一存取丛发讯息码。该讯息码控制器是控制各个控制器的输入讯息码相位。一排序器/后处理器(post processor)是用以排列该等相关器的输出能量位准。
附图说明
图1A是表示具有大用户密度的小小区的示意图。
图1B是表示具有小用户密度的大小区的示意图。
图2A是表示具有一基站的一分区小区的示意图，其中，各个分区是利用两个天线。
图2B是表示具有一基站的一未分区小区的示意图，其中，该未分区小区是具有一全向天线。
图3是表示一存取丛发侦测器的一较佳实施例的简化框图。
图4是表示一存取丛发侦测器的一较佳实施例的简化框图。
图5A是表示一基站服务的一小分区小区的示意图，其中，该基站是利用一专用集成电路(ASIC)及软件。
图5B是表示一基站服务的一大分区小区的示意图，其中，该基站是利用一专用集成电路(ASIC)及软件。
图5C是表示一基站服务、且具有六个分区的一小分区小区的示意图，其中，该基站是利用二专用集成电路(ASIC)及软件。
图6是表示根据本发明较佳实施例、一第三代合作计划(3GPP)相关器库(bank)的框图。
具体实施方式
图3是根据本发明较佳实施例、一种基站/节点B存取丛发侦测器的简化框图。如图中所示，这个基站/节点B的各个天线281至28M是连接至一个天线控制器30。另外，天线的数目，M，亦可以有所不同。对于使用一个全向天线的一个基站/节点B而言，天线的数目为1。对于各个分区具有一个天线数组的分区小区而言，天线的数目亦可以很大。为方便说明，请参考图2A，每个分区具有两个天线的一个六分区小区总共具有十二(12)个天线。另外，这个天线控制器30则是用来有效地控制这些天线输出及这些相关器361-36O的连接。
对于这个基站/节点B使用的各个存取讯息码而言，这个控制器是用来控制这个存取讯息码，使其输入至各个相关器361-36O。另外，一个讯息码相位控制器/延迟装置34是用来控制各个相关器361-36O操作的讯息码相位/延迟。各个相关器361-36O，诸如一个匹配滤波器，是架构以在给定的讯息码相位/延迟内，关连一个给定的输入讯息码及一个给定的输入天线输出。因此，各个相关器361-36O最好是可变配置的，藉以在任何讯息码相位/延迟内，关连任何天线输出及任何讯息码。
另外，这些相关器361-36O可以有效地形成一个可变配置的相关器集用场。这个相关器集用场的可变配置特性可以使其广泛应用在各种环境中。另外，各个相关器的一致可变配置特性则可以协助利用小型可调规模(scalable)设计完成这些相关器，其是应用在专用集成电路(ASIC)时的重要优点。对于时钟速率超过码片速率的专用集成电路(ASIC)而言，各个可变配置相关器可以用来处理多个天线/讯息码/讯息码相位组合。为方便说明，对于时钟速率为四十八倍码片速率的专用集成电路(ASIC)而言，各个相关器是可以同时处理四十八个天线/讯息码/讯息码相位组合。
各个相关器361-36O的输出是利用排序器/后处理器38进行处理。这个排序器/后处理器38是利用相关器输出能量的顺序，排序各种讯息码/讯息码相位组合。超过一预定关连能量临界值的存取讯息码是视为侦测到。根据存取讯息码的侦测，一对应的确认信号(ACK)或负确认(NAK)信号是传送出去，藉以表示要求数据是否可供利用。
图4是存取丛发侦测器的另一种架构。类似于图3的架构，这个天线控制器30是有效地控制各个天线组件输出及各个相关器361-36O的连接。另外，N个讯息码产生器40是用以产生N个讯息码。另外，一串延迟装置411-41O-1是产生这些讯息码的一串延迟变动。各个延迟的较佳数值是一个码片或半个码片。因此，输入各个相关器361-36O的讯息码是相同讯息码的不同延迟版本。为方便说明，倘若各个延迟是一个码片的延迟，则这些相关器是会在具有O个码片延迟的一个窗口中、接收一个窗口的延迟讯息码版本。因此，这些相关器库(bank)可以在具有O个码片的一个延迟扩展(spread)上、关连一个给定的讯息码。另外，各个相关器361-36O的输出是利用一个排序器/后处理器38进行处理。
在前导信息(preamble)侦测的一种实施例中，图4的存取丛发侦测器是具有四十八个讯息码产生器(N＝48)、六十四个相关器(O＝64)、并操作于四十八倍码片速率。这个侦测器是可以处理在六十四个码片的小区半径内，四十八个讯息码/天线组合，诸如：十二个天线上的四个讯息码。这个小区半径可以借着减半这个讯息码/天线组合至二十四，藉以加倍至一百二十八个码片。由于这个延迟库(bank)仅会扩展至六十四个码片，半数讯息码产生器将会以六十四个码片延迟产生讯息码，藉以服务整个小区半径。
由于这个相关器库(bank)的弹性，这个存取丛发侦测器是弹性及可调规模至各种基站/节点B的实施例，如图5A、5B、5C所示。对于能够处理3072个讯息码/天线/延迟组合的一个存取丛发侦测器专用集成电路(ASIC)而言，一个专用集成电路(ASIC)44能够处理图5A小区的布局。在图5A中，这个小区具有三个分区，各个分区是指派两个天线组件2811至2862。这个小区具有六十四个码片的半径。各个分区是使用八个存取讯息码。这个基站20是使用一个专用集成电路(ASIC)44处理这个小区(8个讯息码×12个天线组件×64个码片＝3072个讯息码/天线/延迟组合)。
在图5B中，这个小区是具有一百二十八个码片的半径。这个小区并不具有分区，并且利用两个天线组件281及282进行处理。这个小区可以使用十二个存取讯息码。这个基站20可以利用一个专用集成电路(ASIC)44处理这个小区(12个讯息码×2个天线组件×128个码片＝3072个讯息码/天线/延迟组合)。
在图5C中，这个小区的大小是与图5A的大小，六十四个码片的半径，相同。然而，这个小区具有较高的密度、并切割为六个分区。各个分区是利用两个天线组件2811至2862服务。八个存取讯息码可以用于各个分区中。这个基站20是利用两个特殊用途集成电路(ASIC)441及442处理这个小区(8个讯息码×12个天线组件×64个码片＝3072个讯息码/天线/延迟组合)。因此，相同的专用集成电路(ASIC)44可以利用软件42变动，同时用于图5A及5B的小区。为处理图5C的较高要求，这个实施例是使用两个专用集成电路(ASIC)441及442。另外，各个专用集成电路(ASIC)441及442负责的讯息码/天线/延迟组合切割最好是利用软件42控制。
图6是用于第三代合作计划(3GPP)存取丛发侦测器中、相关器库(bank)68的较佳实施例的框图。这个相关器库(bank)66是利用多任务器(MUX)46，连接至一个天线28。这个多任务器(MUX)46乃是用来选择一个天线输出，藉以供这个相关器库(bank)68使用。在第三代合作计划(3GPP)中，这些存取丛发是利用九十度相移键控(QPSK)调变传送。另外，一个同相位(in-phase)取样装置48及一个九十度相差取样装置50产生选定天线输出的同相(I)及九十度相差(Q)取样。这些取样，随后，是利用多个结果装置54处理，藉以产生多个结果。
较佳者，四十八个存取讯息码是利用四十八个乱序还原(scrambling)讯息码产生器58加以产生。各个存取讯息码是承载十六个签章，如第三代合作计划(3GPP)标准所建议。在较佳实施例中，本发明是利用四十八倍的码片速率。对于一个给定的码片周期而言，这些相关器561至5622(56)是在各个时钟期间，依序关连这四十八个存取讯息码。
各个相关器56是具有一个多任务器(MUX)601至6022(20)，藉以有效地混合各个存取讯息码及一个天线输出。另外，一个缓冲器621至6222(62)是用以储存这个混合结果。为在一个存取讯息码内处理十六个签章，十六个Hadamard签章侦测器6411至6422是用以侦测这十六个签章。相关器56的较佳数目为22。在各个相关器56间乃是一个缓冲器661至6622，用以在进入后续相关器56前，将这个讯息码延迟一个码片。因此，一个时钟中的相关器库(bank)66便可以在二十二个码片的延迟扩展(spread)上、关连十六个签章的存取讯息码。
利用图6的实施例，一个相关器库(bank)68是能够在一个码片周期内、在二十二个码片的码片延迟下处理四十八个存取讯息码。为延伸这个节点B的范围，半数产生讯息码可以是其它讯息码的二十二个码片延迟版本。因此，这个相关器库(bank)68可以在一个码片周期内、在四十四个码片延迟下处理二十四个存取讯息码。或者，这个相关器库(bank)68亦可以降低相关器存取讯息码的数目，藉以在单一周期内处理多个天线。
借着在这个相关器库(bank)中增加相关器56，这个库(bank)56便可以延伸至其它各种实施例。另外，借着改变产生的存取讯息码及时钟速率，处理讯息码的数目亦可以改变。

Claims (11)

1.一种节点B/基站，具有一存取丛发侦测器，其包括：
至少一天线，用以接收来自用户的信号；
一组可变配置相关器，其中，各个相关器是以一输入讯息码相位使一输入存取丛发讯息码与该至少一天线的一输入天线输出产生关联；
一天线控制器，用以选择性地连接该至少一天线的任何输出至该等相关器的任一的一输入；
一讯息码控制器，用以向各个相关器的一输入，提供一存取丛发讯息码，其中，该讯息码控制器是能够提供任何存取丛发讯息码至任何相关器；
一讯息码相位控制器，用以控制各个相关器的输入讯息码相位；以及
一排序器/后处理器，用以排列该等相关器的输出能量位准。
2.如权利要求1所述的节点B/基站，其中，该等可变配置相关器是为可变配置匹配滤波器。
3.一种节点B/基站，具有一存取丛发侦测器，其包括：
至少一天线，用以接收来自用户的信号；
一组可变配置相关器，其中，各个相关器是用以使一输入存取丛发讯息码与该至少一天线的一输入天线输出产生关联；
一天线控制器，用以选择性地连接该至少一天线的任何输出至该等相关器的任一的一输入；
多个讯息码产生器，用以输出多个存取讯息码；
一串延迟，其中，各个延迟是将该多个存取讯息码延迟一预定数量，且该串延迟的各个延迟输出是输入至该等相关器的一不同相关器；以及
一排序器/后处理器，用以排列该等相关器的输出能量位准。
4.如权利要求3所述的节点B/基站，其中，该等可变配置相关器是为可变配置匹配滤波器。
5.如权利要求3所述的节点B/基站，其中，各个延迟是为一码片延迟。
6.如权利要求3所述的节点B/基站，其中，该多个讯息码产生器是以多个不同延迟，产生一组讯息码。
7.一种可调规模节点B/基站，其包括：
至少一天线，用以接收来自用户的信号；
至少一专用集成电路，具有一组可变配置相关器，其中，各个相关器是以一输入讯息码相位使一输入存取丛发讯息码与该至少一天线的一输入天线输出产生关联，该至少一特殊应用集成电路是具有一天线控制器，用以选择性地连接该至少一天线的任何输出及该等相关器的任一的一输入；
一软件，当额外的专用集成电路加入该节点B/基站时，用以重新配置该选择性连接，各个额外的特殊应用集成电路是具有一组可变配置相关器；以及
一排序器/后处理器，用以排列该等相关器的输出能量位准。
8.如权利要求1所述的节点B/基站，其中，该可变配置相关器是可变配置匹配滤波器。
9.如权利要求5所述的节点B/基站，其中，各个专用集成电路更包括：多个讯息码产生器，且各个讯息码产生器所产生的一存取讯息码是可利用该软件进行重新配置。
10.如权利要求6所述的节点B/基站，其中，各个讯息码产生器所产生的该存取讯息码的一讯息码相位是可利用该软件进行重新配置。
11.一种用以组态一节点B/基站的一存取丛发侦测器的方法，该方法是包括：
提供一相关器库，该相关器库是具有多个相关器，其中，各个相关器是能够选择多个存取讯息码其中之一、并使该存取讯息码及一输入信号产生关连，该多个相关器的各个相关器是接收该所选择的讯息码的一不同延迟版本，且该组相关器是跨接一预先指定的延迟扩展；
决定该节点B/基站欲服务的一小区半径、及相关于该小区半径的一延迟扩展；
若该小区半径延迟扩展是大于该预先指定的延迟扩展，则指派该多个存取讯息码的某些存取讯息码为该等存取讯息码的另一些存取讯息码的延迟版本；
若该小区半径延迟扩展是未大于该预先指定的延迟扩展，则不指派该多个存取讯息码的某些存取讯息码为该等存取讯息码的另一些存取讯息码的延迟版本；以及
利用该相关器库及该多个存取讯息码的该指派步骤，藉以侦测存取讯息码。
CN03808149.0A 2002-04-12 2003-04-11 存取丛发侦测器关联器组 Pending CN1701524A (zh)

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