CN1596412A - 区分多个触摸输入的触板系统与方法 - Google Patents
区分多个触摸输入的触板系统与方法 Download PDFInfo
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- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
- G06F3/03—Arrangements for converting the position or the displacement of a member into a coded form
- G06F3/041—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means
- G06F3/0416—Control or interface arrangements specially adapted for digitisers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
- G06F3/03—Arrangements for converting the position or the displacement of a member into a coded form
- G06F3/041—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means
- G06F3/0416—Control or interface arrangements specially adapted for digitisers
- G06F3/04166—Details of scanning methods, e.g. sampling time, grouping of sub areas or time sharing with display driving
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
- G06F3/03—Arrangements for converting the position or the displacement of a member into a coded form
- G06F3/033—Pointing devices displaced or positioned by the user, e.g. mice, trackballs, pens or joysticks; Accessories therefor
- G06F3/0354—Pointing devices displaced or positioned by the user, e.g. mice, trackballs, pens or joysticks; Accessories therefor with detection of 2D relative movements between the device, or an operating part thereof, and a plane or surface, e.g. 2D mice, trackballs, pens or pucks
- G06F3/03547—Touch pads, in which fingers can move on a surface
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- G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
- G06F3/03—Arrangements for converting the position or the displacement of a member into a coded form
- G06F3/041—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
- G06F3/03—Arrangements for converting the position or the displacement of a member into a coded form
- G06F3/041—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means
- G06F3/045—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means using resistive elements, e.g. a single continuous surface or two parallel surfaces put in contact
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
- G06F3/048—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI]
- G06F3/0487—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI] using specific features provided by the input device, e.g. functions controlled by the rotation of a mouse with dual sensing arrangements, or of the nature of the input device, e.g. tap gestures based on pressure sensed by a digitiser
- G06F3/0488—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI] using specific features provided by the input device, e.g. functions controlled by the rotation of a mouse with dual sensing arrangements, or of the nature of the input device, e.g. tap gestures based on pressure sensed by a digitiser using a touch-screen or digitiser, e.g. input of commands through traced gestures
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- G06F2203/041—Indexing scheme relating to G06F3/041 - G06F3/045
- G06F2203/04104—Multi-touch detection in digitiser, i.e. details about the simultaneous detection of a plurality of touching locations, e.g. multiple fingers or pen and finger
Abstract
揭示的触板系统与方法能够区分短暂重叠的触摸输入与单一触摸输入,从而确定有效的触摸位置坐标。本发明的触板系统与方法能通过以下方法区分重叠的触摸:比较信号幅值与规定的阈值,比较信号幅值或测量位置的变化速率与确定的参数,测定算出的地点与图符或其他此类有效区等的接近度。因本发明的触板系统与方法能鉴别单触与双触,故可用于多人游戏等多用户场合和可承受迅速连续或重叠触摸输入的场合。
Description
本发明一般涉及触摸系统与触摸数字转换器,尤其涉及可能有同时或短暂重叠触摸的触摸系统和区分多个触摸输入的方法。
背景
作为代替或补充普通键盘和/或鼠标,常在电子显示系统中使用触板。触板通常凭直觉使用,不大需要操作训练,如只要在有关图符标出的地点按触屏,用户便能实施一连串复杂的指令。按应用场合操纵支持软件,可改变图符的功能。
触摸系统的一个组成部分是检测用户触摸地点的机构。检测触摸地点基于不同的技术,包括电阻性、电容性、力、红外(IR)和表面声波(SAW)等。
触板通常以若干属性为特征,包括尺寸、使用便利性、分辨率、光学性能与成本。随着各种电子设备的增多,便携设备需求增大,桌面与其它空间更加有限,而且触屏功能得到改善与扩展,对用于用户输入的触板设备的需求也增大了。
发明内容
普通键盘的一些常用功能在触摸系统中一般见不到,如同时按两个或更多按键就能进入专用键盘功能。在触摸系统中,触摸通常连续而不重叠,位置检测算法相应起作用。有些场合则希望用触板检测和区分短暂重叠的触摸输入,因而把触摸系统设计成避免报告错误的即“错觉的”触摸位置,而能正确报告任一个或多个造成重叠触摸输入的单触事件。
本发明提供的触摸系统用于识别例如因两个用户在同一时段内加触摸输入而造成的短暂重叠触摸现象。通过识别这类双触摸现象,可向系统更可信地报告有效的触点位置。本发明通过以任一合适的组合方法和次序执行任一或多个下面的操作能鉴别双触现象:把信号幅值与预定的阈值作比较,把信号幅值变化速率和/或定位数据变化速率与确定的参数作比较,把计算定位数据的近似度与图符等分开表示的“有效”区作比较,并判断是否在双触现象出现概率较高的区域检出明显的触摸。
本发明的诸方法适合配用各种不同的触摸传感器技术,如电容、电阻、力敏、表面声波、红外等技术。因每种触屏技术至少在被测触摸输入信号和信号释义方式上有所不同,故本发明诸方面可用专用元件实施。不过,本发明的许多方面和理念类似地应用于触屏系统,与应用的传感技术无关。
在一个方面中,本发明方法包括测量由两个或更多重叠触摸输入造成的信号,测量触摸输入的定位数据,判断任一信号是否超出单一触摸输入的最小阈值,判断任一信号是否超出单一触摸输入的最大阀值,还用对应于超过最小阈值但不超过最大阈值的任一信号的定位数据计算触摸地点并向触屏系统报告。该方法还包括从对应于超过最大阈值的任一信号的定位数据里减去有效定位数据,以计算因重叠触摸而不予报告的触摸地点。
在另一个方面中,本发明提供一种触屏系统,包括测量基于触摸的用户输入信号的触板、设置用于通过触板观看的信息显示器,以及鉴别基于触摸的用户输入信号以断定对应于短暂重叠的各个触摸输入的信号的处理单元。处理单元把信号幅值与一个或多个预定阈值相比,并执行下述一项或多项:(i)监视信号幅值变化速率,(ii)监视被计算触摸位置变化速率,(iii)监视触摸位置与一个或多个指定有效区的接近度,或(iv)监视触摸位置与一个或多个指定的双触概率较高区域的接近度。触板可能是例如电容触板、电阻触板、力基触板、表面声波触板等。
在再一个方面中,本发明提供一种方法,用于通过反复测量一个或多个触摸输入造成的信号而区分触屏系统中短暂的重叠触摸输入,监视信号变化速率,使信号变化速率与触下、保持和离开现象相关而确定一系列所述现象,应用确定的一系列所述现象确定一次或多次触摸的时序,对一次或多次给出确定序列的触摸中的至少一个计算触摸地点,而且报告该触摸地点。还可增设其它步骤,如判定该触摸地点位于触屏指定为有效区的区内,如一图符。而且,若触摸地点移得比离上次计算的触摸地点预定的距离更远,则不希望报告该触摸地点。
在又一个方面中,本发明方法包括:测量预定数量的触摸信号,在一预定时段做每次测量,每一时段短于期望的触摸输入保持时间;计算各信号的信号总和;计算每个超过最小阈值但保持低于最大阈值的信号的触摸地点;而且对任一小于离任一其它计算的触摸地点预定距离的被计算触摸地点,向触屏系统报告触摸位置。
本发明还提供一种区分触屏系统中有效触摸输入的方法,从而测出预定数量的触摸信号,在一预定时段做每次测量,每一时段短于期望的触摸输入保持时间,测定每个信号的信号总和,计算每个超过最小阈值但保持低于最大阈值的信号总和的触摸地点,能调节最大阈值,对在对应于双触现象较高概率的指定区域内的任一触摸地点重复计算步骤,并对计算的触摸地点向触屏系统报告触摸位置。
在再一个方面中,本发明提供的方法包括根据一组测出的触摸信号确定总信号,在该总信号超过最小阈值时,根据该组测出的触摸信号计算触摸位置,并执行以下的一项或两项:(a)根据定出计算的触摸位置的地方,对总信号幅值变化速率设定一测试参数,并把该总信号幅值与其它最近测出的总信号幅值相比,以判断是否满足总信号幅值变化速率的测试参数,和(b)根据定出计算的触摸位置的地方,对位置变化速率设定一测试参数,并把该触摸位置与其它最近测出的位置相比,以判断是否满足位置变化速率的测试参数,而且在满足了适用的测试参数时,报告总信号不超过最大阈值时的触摸位置。
本发明还提供在触屏系统中区分有效触摸输入的方法,该方法包括测量预定数量的触摸信号,在预定的时段做每次测量,这些时段短于期望的触摸输入保持时间;使信号参数与每个信号关联;对关联的参数高于最小阈值但低于最大阈值的每个信号计算触摸地点;并对计算步骤算出的任一触摸地点向触屏系统报告触摸位置。
在还有一个方面中,本发明提供在触屏系统中出现双触现象期间根据有效触摸位置区分错觉触摸位置的方法,其做法是独立地测量双触中每一触摸的X与Y坐标位置,测定被测信号相对于每个X与Y坐标位置的幅值变化速率,根据相似的变化速率使X与Y坐标位置匹配,并把匹配的X、Y坐标报告为有效的触摸位置。
附图简介
通过以下附图对本发明各种实施例的详述,显然能更全面地理解本发明,其中:
图1是用于本发明诸方法里的判断步骤流程图;
图2是用于本发明诸方法里的判断步骤流程图;
图3A-G表示本发明触摸系统可能遇到的各种触摸输入情景;
图4表示在两个地点触摸的电容触屏;
图5示出用于本发明方法鉴别步骤中的触屏上的定义区;
图6是用于本发明方法的判断步骤流程图;
图7是用于本发明方法的判断步骤流程图;
图8示意表示在两个地点触摸的电阻触屏;
图9是用于本发明方法的判断步骤流程图;
图10是表面声波触板示意图;
图11A表示在面声波触板中检出的因如图10所示触摸两个地点而造成的X坐标时变信号;
图11B表示在表面声波触板中检出的因如图10所示触摸两个地点而造成的Y坐标时变信号;
图11C表示像图11A所示信号以连续时段取得的包迹;
图12是用于本发明方法的判断步骤流程图;和
图13是用于本发明方法的判断步骤流程图。
虽然本发明适合各种修正与替代形式,但是其特例已在附图中举例示出,将作详细描述。不过应理解,本发明不限于描述的特定实施例,相反地,本发明试图包罗所有属于本发明精神与范围内的修正、等效与替代形式。
详细描述
本发明一般适应于触摸系统,尤其适合由一个或多个用户作两次或多次触摸的触摸系统。本发明特别适合两个或多个触摸输入的某些部分可能同时或短暂出现重叠的触摸系统,例如本发明适应于设计成由一个或多个游戏者玩的电子游戏系统,在游戏过程中,游戏者用触摸输入产生游戏响应,而两个或更多的触摸可能同时开始和/或同时结束和/或至少在一部分每次触摸时重叠。这类触摸输入称为重触、双触或同触。
在触屏系统中,为了计算触摸位置,一般通过测量触摸输入生成的分离信号并对这些信号或信号比作比较而确定用户的触摸地点,然后使位置数据与例如特定的动作或指令相关。被测信号包括电流、电压、电磁能、加速度、单位面积力等。假定一种经正确校正的触摸系统,计算的触摸位置应足以接近用户的实际触摸地点,从而能执行用户指定的指令。报告的触摸地点应接近要充分靠近的实际触摸地点的程度,部分地由触摸系统的分辨率决定。充分靠近地对应于用户实际触摸地点的被报告触摸地点,称为有效触摸。如本文档所使用的,报告的触摸地点涉及被触摸系统以有关方式如用应用软件确定用户输入指令的计算的触摸地点。报告包括触屏控制器与中央处理单元的通信,或在更集中的系统中,只是留待计算和被应用程序合理使用的触摸位置数据。
通常,可将对触屏的触摸想象为一种时序,该时序包括三步,即触下、保持与离开。为计算触摸地点而测量的信号,是相对不触摸时出现的残余信号电平即背景电平测定的。触摸时,信号从其背景值增至新值(称为保持值),与背景电平有所不同。从背景转换到保持电平称为触下。触摸一般保持有限时间,称为保持时间,对应于保持步骤,其间保持信号理想地保持相对恒定,即实际上在一范围内扰动,而该范围内的所有值基本上都大于背景电平。保持时间通常长得足以能测出触摸地点。然后,进行计算和报告。保持时间结束而且用户取消触摸后,生成的信号值从其保持值降至背景电平,这称为离开。
加到触屏第一地点的触摸导致生成第一组信号即定位数据,可用于测定通常极靠近第一触摸实际地点的第一触摸地点。当用户离开第一触摸地点而触摸第二地点时,就生成第二组信号,并能用于测定通常极靠近第二触摸实际地点的第二触摸地点。若在给定时段内把第一和第二触摸地点都按下(即第一和第二触摸短暂地重叠),则第一和第二组信号在该时段内重叠起来,产生第三组信号。几组信号如何重叠组合取决于若干因素,包括使用的触片检测技术(如电阻、电容、力、SAW、IR)触片结构和触摸系统用于计算并报告所加触摸地点的检测算法。通常,第三组信号若用于计算触摸地点,则会使报告的触摸地点不是实际触摸的地点,往往位于第一与第二触摸地点之间的某一点。由重叠的触摸输入造成的不对应于任何有效或期待的触摸地点的该触摸地点称为错觉触摸。报告错觉触摸会导致给出错误的用户输入指令。在同时触下、同时离开或相反,重叠分开能触摸保持间隔的情况下,就有报告错觉触摸的危险。
应用报告错觉触摸的触摸系统,可能在某些场合诸如一个或多个用户可预见地或甚至希望加两个或多个同时或重叠触摸的那些场合,会限制或阻碍使用触屏系统,例如可能希望应用两个或更多游戏者玩的电子游戏中的触屏,游戏者可用单一触屏同时输入信息。游戏中,尽管各人在游戏时可以使用独立预定的触屏部分,但是在各人触摸其触屏部分时,会出现许多重触现象。报告错觉触摸会造成游戏响应不符一个或多个游戏者的意愿。虽然多人游戏可以让每个人应用独立专用的触屏连同专用的硬件和/或软件,但是考虑到成本、空间限制、功能、审美等因素,这种方法并不理想。对于多人游戏或其它也可设想单人模式的应用场合,多个触屏也不理想。希望能区分短暂重叠触摸输入的其它实例,包括数据输入等场合,其它触屏可用于快速输入来自屏上一个以上地点的一个或多个用户的信息。在以上和许多其它实例与应用中,报告错觉触摸并且继后的基于这种检测的错误响应是不希望的,在这类场合中会限制触屏的应用。
本发明提供的系统与方法,用于识别重叠触摸输入造成的错觉触摸,可鉴别其中的有效触摸,或换言之,从双触(或其它多触)中鉴别出单触。本发明还可存贮多个触摸重叠时测得的信号,因而在记录了多个触摸现象里涉及的有效触摸之一后,系统能按需要使用或丢弃重叠的信号。在一些实施例中,若能先测定其它有效触摸位置之一,则能从重叠的触摸信号里测定本来不可测定的有效触摸位置。
这里虽然把本发明的系统与方法设想成能应用于有一个或多个用户和任意重叠触摸数的场合,但是在可能重叠或可能不重叠并由用户A与B提供的两个分立触摸输入现象的范围内,更便于描述本发明。
本文档描述了各种识别双触现象内单一触摸输入的方法。一种方法通过比较信号幅值与预定阈值而从重叠触摸中区分出单一触摸。为从双触中区分出单触而与阈值比较的信号,可从用来计算触摸地点的同一信号数据里导出,或者是不同的信号数据。在校正阶段或获取触摸输入的正常过程中,可对保持单触期间的可能的信号值设定一范围,该范围可以是或可以不是用户专用的。该信息可用来设置注册单触的最小值和高于其上信号被解释为双触(或其它多触)现象的最大单触值。除了由校正步骤设置阈值外,诸阈值可在使用前预设置并保持设定,或按时间调节(如在正常使用时定期调节、在用户触摸指定区域时调节等)。阈值可以通用,需要时为各用户专用。按照本发明,按重叠触摸算出的导致信号大于单触阈值范围的错觉触摸地点不予报告,而这种大信号生成所得出的信息则予以存贮,并用于检测第二触摸地点或作他用。
另一种区分重叠触摸输入的方法涉及测定和监视触摸信号幅值的变化速率。信号的变化速率除了介入因重叠触摸引起的任何触下、离开等外,还可用来识别触摸现象的触下、保持与离开部分。通常,正的变化速率表示触下,负的变化速率表示离开,接近零或相对极小的幅值变化速率表示保持。可以用最小和最大阈值判断变化速率是表示保持、触下或离开还是多个触摸的同时触下或离开。例如,在第一次触摸时,在触下期间检出基本上正的信号变化速率。若第一次触摸处于保持阶段,在触屏不同地点作第二次触摸,就可检出第二个基本上正的信号变化速率,表示新的触摸。这样,第一基本上正的信号变化速率后接第二基本上正的信号变化速率而不介入基板上负的信号变化速率,指明在第一触摸处于保持时加了第二次触摸。按照本发明,在第一次触摸处于保持时,经计算从加第二次触摸后生成的信号得出的错觉触摸地点不予报告,而是将信号存贮起来用于检出第二次触摸的位置,或用作它用。
本发明的另一种识别错觉触摸的方法,涉及监视作为时间函数的检出触摸地点的变化。当触摸施加后对被检地点保持在相对固定的位置足够长时间时,就报告该地点,被报告的该地点一般极靠近用户实际的触摸地点。根据保持的时间,可以算出若干触摸地点,通常全都极靠近实际的触摸地点。若第一次触摸处于保持时,在触屏不同地点加第二次触摸并保持足够长时间,则检出的地点将对应于位于第一与第二触摸地点之间的错觉触摸,而且在许多场合中,该位置可能与任一触摸地点有着明显的距离。这样在不检测离开时,大于预定阈值的检出触摸地点的变化速率指示第二次触摸短暂重叠第一次触摸的可能性。该预定阈值部分地由触屏的分辨率决定。按照本发明,在这些情况下的错觉触摸不予报告,而是把用于测定错觉触摸地点的生成信号存贮起来,用于测定第二触摸位置,或作他用。
在本发明另一个方面中,允许的触摸区限于一定数量的不同区域,检出的触摸充分靠近一个这样的区域,于是报告触摸。这一发明的一个示例方面是一种至少一部分限于图符的触屏。这样,若检出充分靠近某图符的触摸,就报告该图符的触摸。若检出的触摸地点离所有这种区域足够远,则不报告触摸。
在本发明还有一个方面中,可以把触屏某个区指定成重叠触摸造成的被报错觉触摸的概率更高。例如,若检出的触摸地点对应于触屏中点区,而该中点区对应于准备供不同用户触摸的两区域之间的某一区,则该检出的触摸地点要作进一步测试,因为中点区比外区域具有更高的错觉触摸概率。此时,可对位于中点区的检出触摸作进一步测试,判断该触摸是否为错觉触摸,并相应地调整该进一步测试用的变量。例如,检出的触摸地点离中点区域更远,则测试条件更宽松,因为高度相信该触摸是单一触摸。在中点范围内检出的触摸地点可能经受更严格的条件。
本发明方法的实施与应用细节,取决于用哪种技术来计算和报告触摸地点。即便如此,本发明众多理念针对电容、电阻和力基触屏的实施与应用都相似,足以在本发明中同样地对待这些技术。简单地说,电容触屏通过在用户触下时测量通过若干端子中的每个端子(通常位于触板的四个角)的电流而工作,用电流比确定触摸地点。电阻触屏在用户以足够大的力触摸触屏地点而使两块间隔开的导电片在该触摸地点形成局部电接触时起作用。通过测量相对边缘与一导电涂层接触点之间的电阻值并以正交方向测量另一导电涂层的类似值,便可测定该触摸地点的X、Y位置。力触屏应用置于预定位置的传感器,各传感器测量触屏上某地点因触摸产生的力的分量。通过测量关键地点(如四个角)不同的力,可测定触摸地点。几例适用于力基触屏的传感器包括尤其是电容器元件与压电器件等。
虽然这三种技术用于测定触摸地点的信号不同,但是总电流测量值可用作每种技术从多次触摸中区分单一触摸的信号。
图1示出一示例性流程图,其标出的各种步骤可用于电容、电阻和力基触屏系统以区分多次触摸中的单一触摸。在作了可从中算出位置数据与信号幅值的新的测量后,可执行任一测试或判断步骤。虽然图1示出这些判断步骤中的若干判断步骤,但是可适当地实施本发明诸方法,包括应用其中的任一判断步骤而不用其它判断步骤,包括一个或多个判断步骤的任意组合,还包括按任何次序。另外,还可构制其它判断步骤、算法、测量和计算。
作了新的测量后,判断算出的X、Y位置落在中点区还是更可能检出双触现象引起的错觉触摸其它区域是有利的。这一信息可用于收紧或放松在后续判断步骤中使用的各种测试参数。
作为另一判断步骤,可将有关信号(如通过指定一点或几点的总电流)与单一触摸的最小阈值相比较。只要该信号不升到高于该最小阈值,就不注册触摸。若该信号升到高于最小阈值,就与单一触摸的最大阈值作比较。若信号小于单一触摸最大阈值,则按有关成组测量值计算和报告触摸位置。若信号超过单一触摸最大阈值,便把该信号解释为双触,但不报告触摸的位置数据。不过,不报告的双触数据可以存贮起来,再作新的测量。若该信号以后降到低于最大阈值但保持高于最小阈值,则可报告新的触摸位置。此时,系统能决定该用存贮的重叠双触现象数据做什么。存贮和使用不报告的双触数据是一选用步骤,可在指示重叠触摸的任一判断步骤之后执行。
再参照图1,另一步骤包括监视信号幅值变化速率。若幅值变化速率超过阈值,就指示双触或不稳定触摸。若触摸稳定且变化速率小于阈值,就报告位置。同样地,为判断会否出现双触,可监视计算的位置从一次测量到下一次测量的变化速率。作为另一步骤,判断算出的X、Y位置是否充分精密地对应于预定的有效区,如某个图符。若是,就报告有效触摸坐标。若本发明方法使用一个以上图1所示的判断步骤,则报告的触摸地点为有效的置信度更高。
如上所述,即使不能报出有效的触摸地点,也能存贮重叠触摸的测量数据。存贮的双触数据可供以后使用。例如,若新的测量被定为双触,虽不报告触摸,但可存贮该测量数据。若双触刚巧在属于其双触摸之一的报出的单触之前,就能从双触测量数据中减去上次报出的触摸地点的测量数据,故可计算和报告第二触摸位置,实际上退出隐藏在双触数据里的有效触摸地点。若上一次测量中没有报告的单触,则双触数据保持存贮,可作新的测量。若新的测量是报出的单触,系统便能检查上一次测量是否为不报而被存贮的双触,是的话,可从存贮的双触数据中减去新的单触数据,以便计算上一次不报而与新报的单触重叠的单触。
通过从相邻双触信号中减去已知有效信号而算出的新的位置数据,可以有选择地查验与已知图符位置(或触屏其它有效区位置)的接近度,从而更坚信该退出位置是有效的,在被测信号电平易于随时间变化的场合中尤其如此。
图2示出一判断树,可在用信号幅值变化速率确定存在连触现象的触下与离开及其次序时应用。一旦检出因触下再保持而造成的触摸,系统就检查阈值数据,判断保持信号的幅值是否对应于单触。若是单触,就计算并报告位置。若触下是同时双触下,则不是单触,系统就等待检测离开以计算并报告任一位置。而且,若原来的触下由单触造成,就报告该位置,系统再查验下一个现象是否为离开(表明单触结束,无重叠触摸),或下一个现象是否为另一次触下(表示重叠触摸)。若下一个现象是另一次触下,系统便循环下去,直到检出离开。若下一个现象是离开,而且保持信号在离开后仍保留,则表明还有另一次未离开的触摸,可算出该保留触摸的位置。若无保持信号保留,则有同时离开。
在本发明的触摸系统或方法中,这些一般步骤可按讨论的那样应用,或以各种组合方式应用,或与图1或2未示出的其它步骤一起应用,以便将多个触摸现象与单触现象区分开来。下面详述几例这些与其它步骤的特定实施情况。
如前所述,在电容、电阻与力基触板中,总测量电流可用作区分单触与双触的信号。因此,研究图3A~3G示出的诸情景是有益的,图中对一个或两个用户以各种次序触摸传感器的七种不同情况,示出了总测量电流∑I与时间的曲线。同样地,图3在单个用户按各种次序加一次或两次触摸时也适用。
在图3A中,用户A首先触摸,∑I是大于∑ITH(测量触摸地点的最小阈值)但低于∑IAMAX的幅值,其中∑IAMAX大于可能由用户A单触生成的预定最大电流。TTOUCH是∑I介于阈值∑ITH与∑IAMAX之间的持续时间。若持续TTOUCH足以取至少S个样本(至少对时间Ts),就可在时间T1报出A的触摸位置。B在时间TTOUCH触下,∑I升到高于∑IAMAX有持续时间为TOL,指示两次重叠的触摸。然后用户A离开,∑I返回∑ITH与∑IAMAX之间有持续时间为TLIFT。接着B离开,∑I返回低于∑ITH的电平。若TLIFT>Ts,就测出有效的单触,并在时间T2报告B的触摸位置。这样,可正确地报出A和B二者的触摸位置。时间Ts的示例值为在4~20毫秒的范围内。对于触摸虚拟按钮或图符的典型场合,单个用户的总触摸时间为在20~80毫秒的范围内。
图3B示出的序列中,B先触摸,然后A触摸,接着A离开,然后B离开。持续时间TTOUCH和TLIFT足以在B单独触摸时取S个样本,这样可在T1与T2两个时刻报告B的有效触摸地点,不报错觉地点。
图3C示出A与B同时触下,然后A离开,接着B离开的序列。持续时间TLIFT长得足以在B单独触摸时取S个样本,故可在T2报告B的有效触摸地点。因A在触摸时,∑I大于有效单触的最大值,故不报错觉地点。
图3D示出与图3C相反的序列。在图3D中,用户B先触摸,用足够的TTOUCH时间测量可在时刻T1报告的B的触摸位置。接着A触摸,尔后A和B几乎同时离开。要生成第二有效位置的TLIFT时间不够,不报错觉地点。
图3E示出的序列中,A先触摸,然后B触摸而A几乎同时离开,接着B离开。TTOUCH和TLIFT长得足以在A与B各自单独触摸时取S个样本,因而可在时刻T1报告A的有效触摸,在时刻T2报告B的有效触摸。
图3F示出A和B几乎同时触下,然后几乎同时离开。在该特定场合中,∑I被示成高于阈值∑ITH而低于单触的预定最大电流。结果,在时刻T1和T2都可报告有效触摸,但二者都错了,因为将报出位于A与B触摸之间的错觉位置。这种状况可用各种方法加以说明,如判断所报的触摸位置是位于无效区还是位于更有可能双触的区域内。这样的话,报告该触点以进一步测试的测量值为条件,或者完全避免报告。若它被进一步测试判断,或者相反,这一状况代表另一次触摸,则暗示系统要重校阈值电平。
图3G示出这样一种情况:用户A单独触摸,但A的触摸幅值∑I高于阈值∑IAMAX,所以不报有效触摸。这个结果错了,因为A单独触摸。这一差错可通过另加逻辑电路得以缓解,例如若检出图3G的两个连触现象,就计算和记录第二触摸现象的位置,高度肯定是真的触摸而不是重叠信号造成的错觉触摸。这时要假设在连续两次触下、保持与离开时,几乎完全同时发生的两次触摸的概率可忽略不计。除了注册这类连续现象的另一个以外,还可用测量来修正阈值。这种情况将在下面参照图6和7再作详细研究。
在∑I例如因触力大变、用户触摸阻抗大变和/或用户人体与接地阻抗大变等而迅速出现明显变化时,可得出图3F与3G所示的情况。对阈值作频繁的重校可尽量减少出现这些情况。
下面参照特定的触摸传感器技术,更详细地描述本发明的方法与系统。
图4示出包括传感器11、电源14和支持电子设备15的电容触摸系统。电源14接公共地。当单个用户25A在地点A触摸传感器11时。电流从电源14通过传感器四个角中的每个角、用户而流入地,电流之和电∑I标出。计算流过传感器四个角中的每个角的电流比,可确定触摸位置。通常,测出的触摸位置在很大程度上与流过电源的总电流和电源大小无关。触摸地点一般而且在很大程度上仅是流过传感器11四角的电流比的函数。
当第二人25B在位置B触摸传感器而25A在保持时,流过电源的总电流和流过传感器四角的四个电流一般都增大。当用来计算单触位置的算法被用来测量双触信号的触摸地点时,检出的触摸地点是位于地点A与B之间的错觉触摸。因此,当两人同时触摸时,由于系统实际上计算两个触摸位置的平均值,故测出的触摸位置不正确。测出的触摸地点通常是流过各人的各别电流和电路中包括各人接触阻抗的不同阻抗的函数,因此测出的触摸位置一般不稳定,随阻抗和触摸电流的典型变动而变化。由于总电流在触下与离开期间可能变化超过10倍,故不稳定性是明显的。
按照本发明,通过测量触摸参数可检出存在两个同时或重叠的触摸。具体地说,按照本发明,可用流过电源的总电流∑I的幅值检测存在的重叠触摸。由于不同用户的触摸电流变化很大,因而若在正常使用前通过触摸传感器11而校正他们的触摸信号幅值,是有帮助的。然后,可用该信息设置阈值,用来区分单触与双触。或者,测量各触摸者正常使用时的电流电平,从而按时更新阈值电平。
测定有效触摸地点还依赖于经触屏显示的图像格式,如图5所示,透明触屏69后面显示器上示出的图像代表两列分别位于区62A与62B的虚拟按钮图符67和68。准备将触摸输入加到触屏69对应于图符67或68的地方,在任何地方诸如区64A、64B或66等施加或测出的任何触摸,都可能指示无效或错觉触摸。因此,在区64A、64B或66内测出的任何触摸,具有更高的误触概率。这种误触可能是错觉触摸,由两个同时或重叠的触摸造成,分别在区62A与62B内加给图符67与68。算出的触摸地点与触屏表面固定区或与可动显示图符的接近度,可作为单独的一种方法或作为结合其它鉴别法(如应用信号幅值阈值和/或阈值变化速率的方法)的方法来鉴别有效触摸。与其它方法结合使用时,如下面详述的那样,可用图符接近度修正对其它触摸参数的分析,如细调多触鉴别能力。
除了比较算出的触摸地点图符位移(或其它有效区)之外,相对于触屏上“无效”区的明显触摸地点可为多触鉴别提供有用的信息。在重叠时段内在两个地点被触摸的电容、电阻或力敏触摸传感器,将检测介于这两个触摸点之间的明显的单触。基于图5中布局的一种算法有利于在两个触摸被限于触屏相对两半部分情况下应用该特征。例如,在区62A与62B内被触摸的电容、电阻或力敏触屏69,将产生在两个触摸中间譬如区66内的约在半途的测出触摸,故可用其它参数进一步检查区66内测出的任何触摸,以判断是一个还是两个用户正在触摸。但在区62A(或62B)内测出的触摸不大可能是两个用户触摸触屏69相对两侧而造成的,因为第二人触摸屏69右边任何地方很容易使组合测出的触点偏出区62A。还可能在区64A或64B内得到一明显的触摸地点。
图6示出一例本发明一个方面的算法100的流程图。算法100鉴别对触摸传感器施加的一个触摸对两个短暂重叠触摸的存在,在断定对触摸传感器加了单触后报告有效触摸地点。在步骤106,计算流过触屏四角的总电流∑I。在步骤101,∑I与预定的最小阈值∑ITH比较,判断触摸信号的幅值能否足以保证测量触摸位置。若∑I足够大,如步骤102所示,计算触摸位置,存贮得出的位置。然后重复附加次数(S-1)的测量与计算步骤106、101和102,S为预定值,例如4。若步骤101中∑I的任一读数都不大于∑ITH,就在步骤104审查前面S个样本的幅值,判断是否都大于∑ITH。若是,就指示离开状态,丢弃最近的测量值(即小于∑ITH的测量值)。于是这前面S个样本可用来计算S个新的触摸位置,如步骤105所示。接着执行步骤110,由此分析S个位置的平均值,判断测出的触摸地点是否接近触屏一个或多个预定区(如图5所示的图符区域)中的任一区,或测出的触摸地点是否落在其它区内(如无效区)。步骤110中的某些评估参数值可部分根据测出的触摸地点设定。
参数MA和MB是分别加给预测的∑IA或∑IB值的百分数,以便生成值∑IMAX,即测量值高于它被解释为重叠触摸输入的阈值。用户A与B的∑IMAX可以不同。Z是触屏整个X、Y尺寸的百分数。X是沿触屏长度的坐标轴,以触屏中心为中心;Y是沿触屏宽度的坐标轴,以触屏中心为中心。若测出触摸位置的X和/或Y坐标在S次触摸地点测量中变化大于Z%,根据位置变化速率,肯定该触摸现象不稳定或者无效,不报告位置测量值。M%是参数∑I的最大允许百分数变化,若∑I变化在S个测量样本期间超过M%,就认为该触摸现象不稳定即无效,不报告位置测量值。步骤110所示的参数值为示例值,可以使用适合具体场合的任何值。在步骤112,用S个位置的平均值判断触摸是位于触屏为用户A专用的一半还是位于供用户B专用的一半。根据触摸传感器的哪一半,把∑I定为∑IA或∑IB,而且在步骤114或116,执行计算,判断∑IA是否大于∑IAMAX或∑IB是否大于∑IBMAX。举例说,可用下面的公式确定∑IAMAX与∑IBMAX:
∑IAMAX=∑IAcAL+MA% (1)
∑IBMAX=∑IBCAL+MB%. (2)
∑IACAL与∑IBCAL分别是预先测量并存贮的用户A和B的单触校正值。若∑IA或∑IB高于适用的阈值,就检出两个重叠触摸,这样把测出的位置解释为对应于错觉触摸而不报告触摸位置,并进行新的测量。若该值低于此阈值,则测试S个位置,判断相互离开是否超过Z%。若是,就判定测量值移得太开而得不到稳定的即有效的位置,不报告触摸,如步骤118所示。若S个样本定位稳定,在步骤120评估其幅值变化速率,其中对∑I的S个样本作测试,判断这S个测量值中的∑I变化是否超过M%。若∑I变化超过M%,则判定信号幅值变得过大而得不到稳定的位置,不报告有效触摸。执行步骤122,根据触摸位置与已知图符地点的接近度判断其是否有效。被测量和报告成是以足够接近图符的触摸位置被认为有效,而离所有图符相对远的测出的触摸位置被认为无效。在步骤124,有效触摸位置被报告后供软件应用程序使用。
在图6的算法100中,其中决定不报告触摸,该不报的触摸可以与不报触摸的诸参数一起报告给软件应用程序以供进一步分析。有时算法100可能不识别有效真实的触摸,但应用软件能用附加信息分辩该不报的触摸是否可造成重叠触摸信号退耦而报告有效触摸位置的有用信息。
图7示出本发明另一个方面的算法125的示例流程图。算法125一般执行图6算法100所示的许多步骤。在算法125中,格外强调触摸幅值∑I的变化速率和位置变化。在算法125中,如步骤106所示,各新样本的∑I算出后,经测试而判断是否超出触摸阈值,如步骤101所示。若未超出阈值,就测试前一样本,若高于触摸阈值,再被使用,如步骤126和128所示。若新样本超出触摸阈值,则计算∑I和新触摸位置的X、Y坐标,如步骤102所示。接着根据算出的新触摸位置,对某些变量定值,如步骤110所示。步骤110的参数值是示例值,具体场合可用任何合适的值。
接着将新的∑I值与前一样本的∑I作比较,判断∑I变化是否小于已定的变化速率值M,如步骤130所示。若∑I变化大于M,在报告任一有效触摸前先处理另外S个样本,如步骤138所示。若∑I变化小于M,执行步骤132,把被计算触摸样本的X、Y位置与预定值比较,判断测出的触摸位置是否移动超过定为Z%的规定量。若触摸位置移到大于Z%,就执行步骤138,过程再从从步骤106开始;若触摸位置移动小于Z%,则在步骤134测定半屏,利用算出的X、Y位置判断触摸输入源于用户A专用的半屏还是用户B专用的半屏。根据触摸传感器哪一半,把∑I定为∑IA或∑IB。在步骤135或136,进行计算,判断∑IA或∑IB是否大于分别在公式1或2中导出的∑IAMAX或∑IBMAX。若有关的∑IA或∑IB值高于各自的阈值,已检出两个同时或重叠的触摸,就不报告有效位置,作新的测量。若有关∑IA或∑IB值低于其阈值,则测试计算位置与显示图符(或其它规定的有效区域)的接近度,如步骤122所示。若找出与某一有效区域的相依性,则报告有效触摸,否则过程再从步骤106开始。
可以测出有效触摸位置并鉴别来自一个或两个用户的触摸输入而不必执行图6算法100或图7算法125所算出的所有步骤。参照图6和7,步骤110可以例如用参数MA、MB、Z与M的固定值代替。作为另一例,可省去步骤118或132而不用参数Z。或者省去步骤120或130而不用参数M。另举一例。可省去算法100的步骤112、114与116,或者省去算法125的步骤134、135与136。另举一例,可省去步骤122。再举一例,本发明一个方面的算法包括步骤118与122或步骤130与132,用于鉴别单触与两个同时或重叠的触摸。
再研究图3G的情况,其中出现一单触现象,但信号升到高于单触阈值。应用图6算法100和图7算法125,能缓解这种情景形起的差错可能性。在图6算法100中,若根据判据∑IA>∑IAMAX或∑IB>∑IBMAX时在∑I<∑ITH分离一时段的两个连触现象拒绝S个样本,就将第二次连续现象的图3G型现象报为有效触摸。或者,进一步测试第二次连续现象。例如,若步骤120发现∑I改变得大于规定量(M%),则用例如减半的Z值重复步骤118。若最后S个位置的位置变化大于Z/2(修正步骤118),就不报有效触摸,不然定位稳定性测试会不顾幅值不稳定性而报告有效触摸。这种测试利用了这样的一般趋势:在两个同时触摸时,两个触摸的∑I变化导致被测触摸位置明显的定位变化,而在单触时,∑I变化通常造成被测触摸位置小小的变化。上述两者示例方法都可能解决这一特殊情况:用户以高幅值触摸信号触摸触屏,因触摸系统不注册第一次触摸,故再触摸这同一地点。
虽然图6算法100和图7算法125主要结合电容触摸传感器作了描述,但是在如下所述应用电容以外的技术的触屏系统中,可用类似算法识别两个或更多同时或重叠的触摸现象。
再参照图8的电阻触摸传感器进一步描述本发明一个方面。图8的四线电阻触摸系统160包括顶板150与基板152,在其面对的两侧都有电阻涂层。为便于图示,把顶板150示成与基板152分开的分解图,但不失去一般性。导电电极142和144与顶板150的电阻表面电接触,导体160和161把来自信号源154的信号接至顶板150。导电电极146和148与基板152的电阻表面电接触,导体162和163把信号接至基板152。当人25A触摸顶板150时,顶板150上的电阻涂层与基板152上的电阻涂层就电接触。通过在电极142与144之间施加电压梯度并测量电极146和148中至少一根的电压,测出所得触摸位置的水平坐标。同样,在电极146和148之间加一电压梯度并测量电极142和144中至少一根电压,测出该触摸位置的垂直坐标。
按照本发明,通过测量从顶板150经各触摸点流到基板152的总电流,可测定存在的单触点或两个或更多同时或重叠的触摸点。电流测量可与位置测量交替进行。在图8实例中,假设两个用户25A和25B触摸系统160作触摸,用户25A触摸顶板150的左半部,而用户25B触摸右半部。例如,通过加上电压源154并用电流测量电路155测量形成的电流,可测出电流。用户25A加的单触形成流过电流表155的总电流∑IRA,而∑IRA通常根据触摸的地点与表面区变化,但一般落在稳定的范围内。在同时加两个触摸时,或者两个用户25A和25B各自加一单触,或者单个用户在两个不同地点加触摸,就产生流过电流表155的总电流∑IR。∑IR通常远远大于∑IRA。按照本发明,通过将产生的总电流与单触得出的期望电流相比较,使得总电流∑IR一般在加两个或更多同时触摸时更高,就能鉴别两个同时或重叠触摸与单触。∑IR根据顶板150上的触摸地点而变化,不过一个触摸与两个触摸的∑I通常有明显差别。因而可建立一个阈值∑IRTH,把高于该阈值的测出的触摸信号说成是以短暂重叠方式加两个或更多触摸造成的。
图9示出本发明一个方面的算法200的示例流程图。算法200在多方面类似于图6算法100。其差别在于,按照算法200,总电流∑IR是在图8的顶板150与基板152之间通过所有触摸点流动的总电流。图9的其它参数与图6算法100中的参数同样定义。虽然算法200结合图8的四线电阻触板160描述,但对例如五线、六线或八线电阻触屏可以用同样或类似的算法。测量有效触摸位置,可鉴别一个或两个用户而不必执行算法200示出的所有步骤。例如,步骤210可用参数MA、MB、Z与M的固定值代替。又如可省略步骤218而不用参数Z,或者省略步骤220而不用参数M。再比如,省略步骤212、214、与216可以不用参数MA与MB。还可省略步骤222。另在某些条件下,可用步骤206、218、220和222来识别重叠触摸或报告有效触摸位置。
本发明还可应用于力敏触摸系统,方法类似于上述的电容与电阻触摸系统处理。可用图6算法100或图7算法125在力敏触屏上鉴别两个或更多重叠触摸。例如,题为“Improved Method and Apparatus for Force Based touchInput”的共同待审美国申请连续号09/835,040揭示的一种力敏触屏系统,包括用位于刚性贴面四角的电容传感器来测量基于触摸的力。按照本发明,可用流过力敏电容传感器的总电流∑I鉴别单触与两个或更多重叠触摸。按照算法100或125,还可用参数MA、MB、Z、M和显示的图符位置鉴别两个或更多重叠触摸,报告力敏触屏中的有效触摸位置。
在描述本发明的方法与触摸系统时,已研究出各种理念,每种理念都涉及鉴别单触与多触现象。有效触摸位置与错觉触摸位置。虽然这些理念的应用方式略有不同,但是都适合以各种合适的方式类似地实施电阻、电容与力敏触摸系统。有些理念还适合以其它触屏技术如SAW实施。如在SAW触摸系统中检出短暂的重叠触摸时,可用信号幅值变化速率信息和定位信息来鉴别有效触摸与错觉触摸。
例如,美国专利NO.6,225,985揭示了SAW触屏的工作原理。图10示出SAW触屏250的视图,虚线270示出声波的路径,声波从发射器252发射,经反射阵列260分布于触屏250表面,再经另一反射阵列274反射到接收器253。在各分离的时刻,水平波(未示出)由发射器254发射,经反射阵列272分布于屏250表面,再经另一反射阵列258反射到接收器255。被吸声媒体如手指触摸的点262和264,衰减部分在触摸点下通过的波270。
图11A示意表示信号302被接收器253接收后经放大与检波的图。触摸前,信号302的基线包迹304被测量、数字化后存入计算机存储器,之后分析诸如306和308与基线包迹304的偏差,若其深度Vx或Vy大于预定的阈电平Vth,就根据从发射到被测偏差中心的时延来计算触摸位置。由于基线304的幅值随时间变化很大,所以可将Vx和Vy表示为基线电平304在触摸点的百分数。图11A示出两个不同幅值偏差306和308,指示X维度的两个触摸。图11B示意出两个Y维度的波形偏差310与312,对应于图11A的两个偏差。
利用检测机构的特征,SAW触屏容易指示双触现象,但不易知道X与Y坐标的配合,因而仍需区分两个有效触摸与两个触摸与两个错觉触摸。这可应用本发明的信号幅值与信号变化速率信息来实现。基本鉴别原理在于,有效触摸点的X与Y信号的幅值与变化速率相似,而错觉点的X信号特征来自一个用户的触摸,Y信号特征来自另一用户,不易匹配。
若干参数可用于鉴别有效触摸与错觉点。对偏差306、310、308与312分别测出的深度Vx1、Vy1、Vx2与Vy2和宽度Wx1、Wx2、Wy1与Wy2,以及变化速率参数Vx1/t、Vx2/t、Vy1/t、Vy2/t、Wx1/t、Wx2/t、Wy1/t与Wy2/t,都可用于鉴别有效触摸点与其相应的错觉触摸点。
图11C示出一例信号Vx(t)包迹,当有人起初对图10的触屏250触下时,Vx1和Wx1的幅值相对四个连续样本而发生变化。用户以递增压力对图10触摸250触屏,造成四个连续的信号包迹314~317。包迹314正好在触下前收到,在手指压到图10触屏250表面上时测出包迹314~317。可以看出,深度测量值Vx和宽度测量值Wx从对应于包迹314的零值增大到对应于包迹315的Vtx1和Wtx1,然后增大到对应于包迹316的Vtx2和Wtx2,再增大到对应于包迹317的Vtx3和Wtx3。
通过用下列公式将每个新的参数样本与前一次样本作比较,测定变化速率参数Vx/t、Vy/t、Wx/t与Wy/t:
Vx/t=Vx/t(新)-Vx/t(前一个) (3)
Vy/t=Vy/t(新)-Vy/t(前一个) (4)
Wx/t=Wx/t(新)-Wx/t(前一个) (5)
Wy/t=Wy/t(新)-Wy/t(前一个) (6)
对图11C所示的序列,Vx/t与Wx/t值包括:
Vx/t1=Vxt2-Vxt1,
Vx/t2=Vxt3-Vxt2, (7)
Vx/t3=Vxt4-Vxt3
Wx/t1=Wxt2-Wxt1,
Wx/t2=Wxt3-Wxt2, (8)
Wx/t3=Wxt4-Wxt3;
式中,通常Vx/t3>Vx/t2>Vxt1,Wx/t3>Wx/t2>Wxt1。
像Wx与Wy一样,触摸点的Vx与Vy的幅值成比例:
|Vxn-Vyn|=Vc<Vmin (9)
|Wxn-Wyn|=Wc<Wmin (10)
而且,与各触摸点关联的信号变化速率一般相近,因而:
|Vxn/t-Vyn/t|≈0<V/tmin (11)
|Wxn/t-Wyn/t|≈0<W/tmin (12)
式中的Vmin、Wmin、V/tmin、W/tmin都是预定值。错觉点的Vx、Vy、Wx、Wy、Vx/t、Vy/t、Wx/t、Wy/t值由从一个触摸点测出的Vx、Wx、Vx/t与Wx/t和从另一触摸点测出的Vy、Wy、Vy/t与Wy/t所组成。若从两个触摸点262和264得到的任何测出参数相互明显不同(即若差值超过Vmin、Wmin、V/tmin或/tmin),则通过按图12的算法350比较这些参数,就能将触摸点262和264与错觉点266和268区别开来。
图12和13示出本发明一个方面的算法350的示例流程图。算法350使用参数Vx、Vy、Wx、Wy和这些参数的变化速率Vx/t、Vy/t、Wx/t、与Wy/t,还检查测量点与图符地点(或其它分立的有效区)的接近度,以鉴别多个触摸点。首先如步骤352所示,测量X和Y包迹与贮存在存储器里的基线的关系。然后计算最新测量值相对前一基线的变化,找出高于预定阈值Vth的参数Vx、Vy,计算触摸点的参数Wx、Wy、Tx与Ty,如步骤354所示。在步骤356,算出Vx和Vy大于Vth而且满足条件Wmin<Wx<Wmax和Wmin<Wy<Wmax(Wmin与Wmax为预定值)的点数。若找出某一点,就在步骤358用对应于测量偏差的时刻Tx与Ty计算该触摸点的X与Y坐标,过程从步骤352重新开始。若找出两个以上点,则不能鉴别,过程再从步骤352开始。若步骤356找出两个触摸点,参数Vx与Vy就等于步骤360对应的Pnn值,用于图13的鉴别算法320。在步骤362,执行算法320。
图13示出算法320,其中比较各种参数的X与Y分量而鉴别有效触摸点与错觉触摸点。在步骤322,将第一X偏差的参数幅值(图11A中306)与Y偏差310和312作比较,较小差值定为Psm。在步骤324,把偏差之间较大的差值定为Plg。在步骤326,若(Plg-Psm)>Pmin,可按差值鉴别错觉点与有效点,并执行步骤328,否则步骤330指示根据测试的参数不能鉴别触摸点。在步骤328,用第一X偏差306与Y偏差310和312之间的参数幅值差选择最佳匹配,指明310或312中哪一个与X偏差306的Y坐标匹配。若偏差304与312的参数在幅值上匹配,步骤332就指示一个触摸点将具有基于出现在时刻Tx1与Ty1的偏差的坐标,而第二坐标将是基于时刻Tx2与Ty2的偏差,否则步骤334指示一个触摸点的坐标基于时刻Tx1与Ty2,而另一个触摸点对应于时刻Tx2、Ty1。
若步骤364断定算法320在步骤362对Vx与Vy参数起作用而鉴别出触摸点,就执行步骤386,按有关时间测量值Tx1、Tx2、Ty1与Ty2计算两触摸点的X与Y坐标,并报出得到的坐标。若鉴别失败,则在步骤366中,使参数Wx和Wy等于相应的Pnn值而用于鉴别算法320,在步骤368,再用Wx与Wy参数执行算法320。若步骤370断定步骤368作用于Wx与Wy参数而鉴别出触摸点,便执行步骤386。若鉴别失败,则在步骤372计算参数Vx/t、Vy/t、Wx/t与Wy/t。然后在步骤374使Vx/t和Vy/t参数等于相应的Pnn值用于鉴别算法320,并在步骤376执行算法320。若步骤378断定步骤376作用于Vx/t与Vy/t参数而鉴别出触摸点,就执行步骤386。若鉴别失败,则在步骤380使Wx/t和Wy/t等于相应的Pnn值而用于鉴别算法320,并在步骤382执行算法320。若步骤384断定步骤382作用于Wx/t与Wy/t参数而鉴别出触摸点,就执行步骤386。否则基于信号参数的鉴别失败而执行步骤360,计算四个可能的触摸点262、264、266、268的X与Y坐标。于是,若发现两对角安置地触摸点的位置与图符位置相关,而另两个地点不相关,就可将这两个与图符相关的地点报为有效触摸点。
该过程再参照图10来描述,图中一列5个虚拟按钮图符251位于触屏250左侧,一列虚拟按钮图符位于右侧。图符251和253通过透明触屏250显示,供两人同时使用或供一人作双触。图符251与按钮253垂向偏移,使列251图符上的触点不对准列253的图符,因而根据错觉点不接近任一图符的事实,可将分别对左下图符和右上图符的有效触摸262和264同错觉点266和268区分开来。这一鉴别方法可用于水平与垂直两个维度,或同时用于两个维度。执行步骤360后,再执行步骤352,过程重新开始。
本发明并不限于上述具体实例,而应理解为包括所附如权利要求正式提出的本发明所有方面。对通过阅读本说明书而接受本发明指导的本领域技术人员而言,各种修正、等效构成以及适用本发明的各种结构是显而易见的。
以上引用的每个专利、专利文档和出版物,通过引用都包括在本文档里而像全文再现一样。
Claims (38)
1.一种在触屏系统中区分两个或更多短暂重叠触摸输入的方法,其特征在于包括
(a)测量由用于两个或更多触摸输入造成的信号;
(b)测量触摸输入的定位数据;
(c)判断一信号是否超过单触摸输入的最小阈值;
(d)判断一信号是否超过单触摸输入的最大阈值;和
(e)用对应于任一超过最小阈值但不超过最大阈值的信号的定位数据计算接触地点并向触屏系统报告。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于还包括步骤:从对应于任一超过最大阈值的信号的定位数据里减去步骤(e)所使用的定位数据,计算步骤(e)不报的接触地点。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,还包括确定总信号中对应于两个或更多重叠触摸输入的触下,保持与离开现象的部分。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于还包括步骤:在连续两次执行步骤(a)~(e)而且都因信号超过最大阈值而不报接触地点时,计算并报告接触地点。
5.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,最小和最大阈值中至少一个通过校正步骤确定。
6.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述最小和最大阈值包括预置值。
7.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,在触屏系统正常使用期间,更新最小和最大阈值中的至少一个。
8.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,根据用户在指定区域内的触摸,更新最小和最大阈值中的至少一个。
9.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,可对不同用户指定不同的最小和最大阈值。
10.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,总信号是总电流测量值。
11.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,触屏系统包括电容触屏。
12.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,触屏系统包括电阻触屏。
13如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,触屏系统包括力基触屏。
14.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤(e)计算的接触地点只有包含在触屏中指定为有效触摸区的区内,才在步骤(e)报告该接触地点。
15.一种触屏系统,其特征在于包括:
触板,用于测量基于触摸的用户输入信号;
信号显示器,设置成通过触板观看;和
处理单元,用于鉴别基于触摸的用户输入信号而断定哪些信号对应于短暂重叠的各触摸输入,方法是:把信号幅值与一个或多个预定阈值作比较;和执行一种或多种监视:信号幅值变化速率,计算触摸位置的变化速率,触摸位置与一个多个指定有效区内的接近度,或者触摸位置与一个或多个指定的双触概率较高区域的接近度。
16.如权利要求15所述的触摸系统,其特征在于,所述触板是电容触板。
17.如权利要求15所述的触摸系统,其特征在于,所述触板是电阻触板。
18.如权利要求15所述的触摸系统,其特征在于,所述触板是力基触板。
19.如权利要求15所述的触摸系统,其特征在于,所述触板是表面声波触板。
20.如权利要求15所述的触摸系统,其特征在于,所述触板系统是允许至少两人使用触板的游戏系统的组成部分。
21.一种在触屏系统中区分短暂重叠触摸输入的方法,其特征在于包括:
反复测量由一个或多个触摸输入造成的信号。
监视信号变化速率;
使信号变化速率与触下,保持和离开现象相关,以确定所述现象的序列;
用确定的所述现象序列确定一个或多个触摸的临时顺序;
在给出确定序列的一个或多个触摸中,计算至少一个触摸的接触地点;和
报告该接触地点。
22.如权利要求21所述的方法,其特征在于还包括步骤:确定所述接触地点位于触屏内指定为有效区的区内。
23.如权利要求22所述的方法,其特征在于,有效区对应于显示的图符。
24.如权利要求21所述的方法,其特征在于,若所述接触地点移动得大于离前一计算接触地点一预定的距离,就不对计算的接触地点执行报告所述接触地点的步骤。
25.如权利要求21所述的方法,其特征在于还包括步骤:将信号幅值与最小和最大阈值作比较,从而只对对应于幅值超过最小阈值但不超过最大阈值的信号的接触地点执行报告步骤。
26.一种在触屏系统中在短暂重叠的触摸输入中区分有效触摸输入的方法,其特征在于包括:
测量预定数量的触摸信号,在一预定时段做每次测量,每个时段短于期望的触摸输入保持时间;
计算每个信号的信号参数;
计算每个位于预定范围内的信号的接触地点;和
对离开任一其它算出的接触地点小于预定距离的任一算出的接触地点,向触屏系统报告触摸位置。
27.如权利要求26的方法,其特征在于还包括步骤:确定所述接触地点位于触屏内指定为有效区的区内。
28.如权利要求27所述的方法,其特征在于,有效区对应于显示的图符。
29.一种在触屏系统中在短暂重叠触摸输入中区分有效触摸输入的方法,其特征在于包括:
测量预定数量的触屏信号,在一预定时段每每次测量,每个时段短于期望的触摸输入保持时间;
确定每个信号的信号参数;
对位于预定范围内的各信号参数计算接触地点;
对位于对应较高双触现象概率的指定区域内的任一接触地点,调节预定范围并重复计算步骤;和
对算出的接触地点向触屏系统报告触摸位置。
30.一种在触屏系统中在短暂重叠触摸输入中区分有效触摸输入的方法,其特征在于包括:
从一组测量的触摸信号中确定总信号;
当总信号超过最小阈值时,根据该组测量的触摸信号计算触摸位置;
执行以下的一项或两项:
(a)据计算出的触摸位置的所在地点,对总信号幅值变化速率设定一测试参数,并将总信号幅值与其他最近测出的总信号幅值作比较,判断是否满足总信号幅值变化速率的测试参数;
(b)根据算出的触摸位置的所在地点,设置一位置变化速率测试参数,并将该触摸位置与其它最近测出的位置作比较,判断是否满足该位置变化速率测试参数;和
在满足了该适用的测试参数后,当总信号不超过最大阈值时,报告该触摸位置。
31.如权利要求30所述的方法,其特征在于,最大阈值按触摸位置的地点设置。
32.如权利要求30所述的方法,其特征在于,只在触摸位置对应于指定有效区时才报告触摸位置。
33.一种在触屏系统中在短暂重叠触摸输入中区分有效触摸输入的方法,其特征在于包括:
测量预定数量的触摸信号,一预定的时段做每次测量,诸时段都短于期望的触摸输入保持时间;
使信号参数与各信号关联;
对其有关参数高于最小阈值而低于最大阈值的各信号,计算接触地点;和
对计算步骤算出的任一接触地点,向触屏系统报告触摸位置。
34.如权利要求33所述的方法,其特征在于,信号参数是总信号幅值。
35.如权利要求33所述的方法,其特征在于,信号参数是信号幅值变化速率。
36.如权利要求33所述的方法,其特征在于,信号参数是位置变化速率。
37.如权利要求33所述的方法,其特征在于,信号参数是与图符安置地的接近度。
38.一种在触屏系统中出现双触现象期间区分错觉触摸位置与有效触摸位置的方法,其特征在于包括:
对双触的每一触摸独立地测量X坐标位置;
对双触的每一触摸独立地测量Y坐标位置;
对测出的对应于各X与Y坐标位置的信号,测定其幅值变化速率;
根据类似的变化速率,使X与Y坐标位置匹配;和
把匹配的x,y坐标报告为有效触摸位置。
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US09/970,474 | 2001-10-03 |
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CN112241217A (zh) * | 2019-07-19 | 2021-01-19 | 联阳半导体股份有限公司 | 触摸检测装置及触摸检测方法 |
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US7254775B2 (en) | 2007-08-07 |
JP2005505065A (ja) | 2005-02-17 |
US20030063073A1 (en) | 2003-04-03 |
JP4044522B2 (ja) | 2008-02-06 |
CN100359452C (zh) | 2008-01-02 |
CA2461287A1 (en) | 2003-04-10 |
US20070236478A1 (en) | 2007-10-11 |
EP1843244A3 (en) | 2007-12-12 |
EP1843244A2 (en) | 2007-10-10 |
US20060139340A1 (en) | 2006-06-29 |
KR20040037247A (ko) | 2004-05-04 |
DE60220933D1 (de) | 2007-08-09 |
EP1436772A1 (en) | 2004-07-14 |
DE60220933T2 (de) | 2008-04-03 |
EP1436772B1 (en) | 2007-06-27 |
ATE365940T1 (de) | 2007-07-15 |
WO2003030091A1 (en) | 2003-04-10 |
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