CN1329634C - 适用于内燃机的液压驱动阀组件 - Google Patents

适用于内燃机的液压驱动阀组件 Download PDF

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CN1329634C
CN1329634C CNB998082554A CN99808255A CN1329634C CN 1329634 C CN1329634 C CN 1329634C CN B998082554 A CNB998082554 A CN B998082554A CN 99808255 A CN99808255 A CN 99808255A CN 1329634 C CN1329634 C CN 1329634C
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valve
valves
outlet
gas exhausting
arterial highway
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CN1308707A (zh
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奥德E·斯特曼
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Sturman Industries Inc
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M47/00—Fuel-injection apparatus operated cyclically with fuel-injection valves actuated by fluid pressure
    • F02M47/04—Fuel-injection apparatus operated cyclically with fuel-injection valves actuated by fluid pressure using fluid, other than fuel, for injection-valve actuation
    • F02M47/043—Fluid pressure acting on injection-valve in the period of non-injection to keep it closed
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L9/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically
    • F01L9/20—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically by electric means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L9/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically
    • F01L9/10—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically by fluid means, e.g. hydraulic
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M57/00—Fuel-injectors combined or associated with other devices
    • F02M57/02—Injectors structurally combined with fuel-injection pumps
    • F02M57/022—Injectors structurally combined with fuel-injection pumps characterised by the pump drive
    • F02M57/025—Injectors structurally combined with fuel-injection pumps characterised by the pump drive hydraulic, e.g. with pressure amplification
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M59/00—Pumps specially adapted for fuel-injection and not provided for in groups F02M39/00 -F02M57/00, e.g. rotary cylinder-block type of pumps
    • F02M59/02—Pumps specially adapted for fuel-injection and not provided for in groups F02M39/00 -F02M57/00, e.g. rotary cylinder-block type of pumps of reciprocating-piston or reciprocating-cylinder type
    • F02M59/10—Pumps specially adapted for fuel-injection and not provided for in groups F02M39/00 -F02M57/00, e.g. rotary cylinder-block type of pumps of reciprocating-piston or reciprocating-cylinder type characterised by the piston-drive
    • F02M59/105—Pumps specially adapted for fuel-injection and not provided for in groups F02M39/00 -F02M57/00, e.g. rotary cylinder-block type of pumps of reciprocating-piston or reciprocating-cylinder type characterised by the piston-drive hydraulic drive

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Valve Device For Special Equipments (AREA)

Abstract

一种能装配到燃机燃烧室上的阀模件。它可有一个第一、第二和第三进气阀，一个第一和第二排气阀。这些阀可被第一液压驱动销驱动到一开启位置。这些排气阀还可有第二液压驱动销。这些附加销可增加液压力，它允许即使在燃烧室内有高的废气压力时也能开启排气阀。这些排气阀的第一销可受微处理机控制第一控制阀的控制。单独的控制阀及第二销的附加液压力可允许微处理机在内燃机循环的任何时刻开启排气阀。

Description

适用于内燃机的液压驱动阀组件
发明背景
相关申请的相互参照
本发明是于1997年7月24日申请的、申请号为08/899,801的部分继续申请，后一申请是于1997年2月27日申请的，申请号为08/807,668的继续申请，而后一申请又是于1995年5月17日申请的、申请号为08/442,665的、现在是美国专利No.5,638,781的继续申请，又是于1997年4月15日申请的、申请号为08/838,093的部分继续申请。
1.发明领域
本发明涉及适用于内燃机的无凸轮阀。
2.背景资料
压燃式内燃机包含一个或多个处在气缸体的相应燃烧室内的往复运动活塞。将高压燃料喷入燃烧室内的喷油咀与每个活塞相关联。燃料与经一个或多个进气阀被引入燃烧室内的空气混合。燃烧后，废气经一个或多个排气阀流出燃烧室。燃料喷射和进、排气阀的运动通常是受机械凸轮控制的。阀凸轮效率较低，且易于磨损。此外，这些凸轮不允许发动机改变喷油定时，进/排气阀的开、闭与发动机转速无关。
授与Schechter转让给福特汽车公司的美国专利No.5,255,641和授于Cannon并转让给凯特匹勒公司的美国专利No.5,339,777公开了无需凸轮开、闭阀的液压驱动进/排气阀。该进/排气阀受电磁线圈作动流体阀控制。当流体阀处某一位置时，液压流体流入进/排气阀的封闭杆部。液压流体对该阀杆施加一个力，该阀杆开启该阀。当流体阀变换到另一位置时，进/排气阀移回到其原始位置。该流体阀由电子控制器变换。该控制器能改变进/排气阀的定时，使发动机性能最佳。
这些电磁线圈作动的流体阀一般和一台微处理机相联，微处理机按照读写燃料进口压力，液压干线压力和环境温度等许多输入参数的变化能改变阀定时。该微处理机能改变提供给流体阀的驱动信号的开始和持续时间，以获得所希望的结果。由于制造误差的变化，不同的阀对于相同的驱动脉冲可有不同的反应。例如，给定了相同的驱动脉冲，在同一发动机中，一个进气阀的开启时可比另一进气阀短。
Schechter的专利讨论了一种方法，其中校验每一个阀来确定正确-正确值。该正确值被储存在发动机的电子设备中，用于缩短或延伸提供给每一阀的驱动脉冲，使每一个阀开启同样的延续时间。虽然，Schechter技术在补偿制造误差变化方面是有效的，然而它并不补偿在发动机工作寿命期内出现的各种变化。例如，一个阀可出现粘附，而需要更多能量来将其移到开启位置。
无凸轮进气阀一般由一个既能开启既能关闭该阀的专用控制阀驱动。进气阀孔面积在进气阀每次开启时是相同的。同样，排气阀可由一专用控制阀来控制，使阀孔面积在排气阀每次开启时相同。希望改变阀孔面积和流至燃烧室的相应空气流量及从燃烧室流出的相应废气流量。这种构造会引起另一变数，被微处理控制器用来优化发动机的燃料消耗、功率、排放等。
某些内燃机包含一“透平增压器”，将空气推入燃烧室。透平增压器一般由来自燃烧室的废气流驱动。燃烧室内压力，特别处在活塞上止点位置上是非常高的。在这样高的压力下开启排气阀通常需要大量的功。因此，排气阀通常直到活塞已移向下止点位置时才开启。在这个位置上，排气压力较低。低的废气压力在驱动透平增压器方面可能不如高排气压力有效。希望提供一种阀组件，能允许排气阀在发动机的一个循环的任何时间开启。
发明概述
本发明的一个实施是适用于内燃机的一种阀组件，它可包含一个控制一个第一排气阀和一个第二排气阀的第一和第二排气控制阀。
本发明提出一种适用于具有一干道和一排出道的内燃机单个燃烧室的液压驱动阀组件，包括：一个适于和内燃机燃烧室联接的第一排气阀；一个适于和内燃机燃烧室联接的第二排气阀；一个可操作来将所述第一和第二排气阀联接至该干道或排出道的第一排气控制阀，该通过第一排气控制阀而所述第一和第二排气阀联接至该干道提供一个用于打开所述第一和第二排气阀的液压力；一个可操作来将所述第一和第二排气阀联接至该干道或排出道的第二排气控制阀，以与第一排气控制阀并联，该通过第二排气控制阀而所述第一和第二排气阀联接至该干道提供另一个用于打开所述第一和第二排气阀的液压力。
该液压驱动阀组件还包括：一个适于和内燃机燃烧室联接的第一进气阀；一个适于和内燃机燃烧室联接的第二进气阀；一个可操作来联接所述第一和第二进气阀至液压液源的第一进气控制阀，以提供一个用于打开所述第一和第二进气阀的液压力；一个适于和内燃机燃烧室联接的第三进气阀；一个可操作来联接所述第三进气阀至该液压液源而与第一控制阀并联的第二进气控制阀，以提供一个用于打开所述第三进气阀并独立于所述第一和第二进气阀的液压力。
本发明的液压驱动阀组件还包括：所述第一和第二进气阀各自联接至干道以提供一个用于关闭所述第一和第二进气阀的液压力。
附图简述
图2是表示内燃机燃烧室内阀模件的局部侧剖视图；
图1是本发明的阀模件的侧视图；
图3是该模件的顶部透视图；
图4是表示该模件的若干液压驱动销的顶部透视图；
图5是该模件的液压简图；
图6是表示根据排气压力的排气阀开启位置对时间的曲线图。
发明详述
本发明的一个实施例可以是一个能被装配到内燃机燃烧室上的阀模件。该模件可有一个第一进气阀，一个第二进气阀，一个第三进气阀，一个第一排气阀和一个第二排气阀。这些阀由第一液压驱动销驱动到一开启位置。这些排气阀还可有第二液压驱动销。这些附加的销可增加液力，即使在燃烧室内压力很大时，也能允许排气阀开启。排气阀的第一销可由微处理机控制的第一控制阀控制。第二销可由微处理机控制的第二控制阀控制。这些单独的控制阀和这些第二销的附加液力可允许微处理机在内燃机一个循环内的任何时刻开启这些排气阀。
这些第一和第二进气阀可由控制第一控制阀的微处理机控制。该第三进气阀可由微处理机控制的第二控制阀控制。这些控制阀可被这样作动，使这些进气阀的不同组合开启，以允许微处理机改变进气阀孔开启面积和流入燃烧室的空气流量。
借助标号更详细参照附图，图1表示本发明一个阀模件10的实施例。模件10可包含一个第一进气阀12，一第二进气阀14和一第三进气阀16。模件10还可包含一第一排气阀18和一第二排气阀20。阀12、14、16、18和20可自呈包围一喷油咀24的布局的模件壳体延伸。
如图2中所示，模件10可被装配到发动机气缸盖28的一个内燃机燃烧室上。应当理解，发动机一般包含一个或多个燃烧室26，其中，可有一个模件10与各燃烧室关联。进气阀12处在气缸盖28的进气口30内。排气阀20处在排气口31内。虽然未示，阀14、16和18也可处气缸盖28的相应口内(未示)。
进气阀12、14、16各自可在开启和关闭位置之间移动。当进气阀12、14和/或16中的一个或多个处于其开启位置时，空气可流入燃烧室26。同样，排气阀18和20各自可在开启位置和关闭位置之间移动。当排气阀18和20中的一个或二个处于其开启位置时，废气可流出燃烧室26。
图3和4表示若干液压驱动第一销32，它们将阀12、14、16、18和20移到其开启位置。排气阀18和20各自还可有一对第二液压驱动销34，它们有助于将阀18和20移到其开启位置。第二销24提供额外的液压力，即使当燃烧室26内排气压力较高时，也能开启排气阀18和20。作为例子，这些第一销32各自的直径可在约为0.4英寸，第二销34各自的直径可大约为0.2英寸。
模件10可包含若干第三液压驱动销36，它们将阀12、14、16、18和20移至其关闭位置。这些阀12、14、16、18和22各自可有一个与销32、34和36联接的头部。
还表示了喷油咀24的增压器38，它是液压驱动的，将燃料喷入燃烧室26。可将销32、34、36和增压器38安排成与模件壳体22的各种流体管道和流体腔(未示)流体连通。控制流体可在这些管道和腔中流动，以便对销32、34、36和增压器38施加液压力。该控制流体可以是发动机燃料或单独的液压流体，如发动机润滑油。
图5表示一个控制该控制流体流量的液压系统，该控制流体驱动这些销32、34、36，以开闭这些阀12、14、16、18和20。该系统可包含一第一进气控制阀40，与第一销32液力联接，以控制第一和第二进气阀12、14的开度。第三进气阀16可由第二进气控制阀42控制。第一和第二控制阀40、42可以是二通阀。第一和第二控制阀40、42可与一第三进气控制阀44连接。
第三控制阀44可以是一个三通常开阀，和高压干道46和低压排出管道48连接。干道46一般与泵(未示)的输出口连接。排出管道48可和控制流体的低压槽连接。
控制阀40、42和44可有选择地被驱入二位置中的一个。在一个位置上，第三控制阀44将控制阀40和42连接至干道46，并将控制阀40、42和排入管道48隔离。在另一位置上，第三控制阀44将控制阀40和42连接到排出管道48，并将控制阀40、42和干道46隔离。
在一个位置上，将第二和第二控制阀40、42安排成使进气阀12、14及16的第一销32流体连通到第三控制阀44的输出口，以允许流体自干道46流出或流到排出管道48，取决于第三阀44的所选状态。在另一阀位置上，控制阀40和42防止流体流到第一销32或从那里流出。
第三销36可直接连接到干道46。第三销36的有效面积可小于第一销32的有效面积，使得当销32液力联接到干道46时，阀12、14和16便移入开启位置。当第一销液力联接于排出管道48时，干道46内的流体压力对第三销36施加液压力，将阀12、14和16移至它们的关闭位置。
控制阀40、42和44可与电子控制器50电连接。控制器50可提供电信号，这些信号有选择地变换阀40、42和44的位置。虽未示出，阀40、42和44分别可包含一阀柱，处在一对电气线圈之间。对一对线圈中的一个提供电流，会将阀柱移到一个位置。对另一个线圈提供电流，会将阀柱移到其另一个位置。阀柱和阀壳22可由具有足够剩磁材料造成，以便即使当不提供电流给一对线圈中的至少一个时也能保持阀柱的位置。作为例子，该材料可以是4140钢。控制阀40、42和44可类同于在授与Sturman的美国专利No.5,640,987中所公开的一些阀，在本文中引用该专利作为参照。
在工作中，可将第三控制阀44变换到一种状态以便将控制阀40和42联接到干道46。均可将控制阀40和42变换到一种状态，它允许控制流体流到第一销32并开启第一、第二和第三进气阀12、14和16。或者，可将控制阀40和42这样变换，仅使第一和第二进气阀12和14开启。作为另一替代方式，可将控制阀40和42这样变换，仅使第三进气阀16开启。
这样，该系统提供了不同的可开启的进气阀组合，以改变阀孔面积和进入燃烧室26的空气流量。该空气流量可由控制器50来改变，以便按照一种规则系统来优化发动机运转，该规则系统也采用不同的输入值，如发动机转速，温度，环境压力等。阀12、14和16可有相同或不同的阀面直径，以进一步改变陷入燃烧室26的有效阀孔面积。
也可作动控制阀40和42来锁定进气阀12、14和16的位置，其方法是将它们变换到防止流体流出或流到第一销32的位置。这允许将阀12、14和16锁定在全开和全闭位置之间的一个中间开启位置。通过这样变换控制阀40。42和44，使第一销32与排出管道48液力联接，阀12、14和16便能移回到它们的关闭位置。控制阀40、42和44也能允许信息处理机50调节阀12、14和16相对于进气口的位置，以进一步改变或调节进入燃烧室的空气流量。
模件可包含一个连接到干道46、排出管道48和喷咀24的喷油咀控制阀52。在一个位置上，该控制阀52将喷油咀24液力联接到干道46，将燃料喷入燃烧室26。此时可变换控制阀52，以便将喷油咀24液力联接到排出管道48，后者将燃料抽回到喷油咀24。
该系统可包含一个第一排气控制阀54和一第二排气控制阀56，前者控制排气阀18和20第一销32的作动，而后者控制第二销34的作动。可将第一和第二控制阀54和56连通到第三排气控制阀58。可将第三控制阀58有选择地连接到干道46或排出管道48。第一和第二控制阀54和56可各自为二通阀。第三控制阀58可为一个三通阀。控制阀54、56和58可类同于在上述No.5,640,987专利中所公开的阀。
可将排气阀18和20的第三销36直接连接到干道46，该销的有效面积小于第一销32的有效面积。因此，当销32液力联接于干道46时，排气阀18和20被移到其开启位置。控制阀54、56和58可按类似于进气阀12、14和16运作的方式操作排气阀18和20的开闭。
可将控制阀54、56和58电连接到控制器50。控制器50可这样作动控制阀54和58，使第一销32与干道46液力联接，而与排出管道48隔开。因此，排气阀18和20被第一销32移到一开启位置。可变换控制阀54来锁定阀18和20的位置。通过这样变换控制阀54和58，使第一销32与排出管道48液力联接而与干道46隔开，可将排气阀18和20移到其关闭位置。
可这样作动控制阀54、56和58，使第一和第二销32和34均与干道46液力联接，以推开排气阀18和20。这样控制器50能作动控制阀54和56，以便经销34提供一额外的液压力来开启排气阀18和20。这允许控制器50即使当燃烧室24内有较高排气压力时也能开启排气阀18和20。能对燃烧室26的排气口31下游的透平增压器提供高的排气压力。
图6表示一条内燃机26的压力对时间的典型曲线。在现有技术系统中，排气阀通常在较低排气压力下开启。而本发明的系统，排气阀可在发动机循环的任何时刻开启，包括当燃烧室26具有最大排气压力的时刻。自燃烧室26经开启的排气阀连通的可用高排气压力可更有效地驱动发动机的透平增压器。
虽然已说明了并以附图表示了一些示例性实施例，然而应当理解，这些实施例仅仅是说明性的，而不是限制本广博的发明，本发明不应限于所示和说明的特定构造和布置，因为对于一般熟悉该技术的人们可做出各种其它的修改。

Claims (11)

1.一种适用于具有一干道和一排出道的内燃机单个燃烧室的液压驱动阀组件，包括：
一个适于和内燃机燃烧室联接的第一排气阀；
一个适于和内燃机燃烧室联接的第二排气阀；
一个可操作来将所述第一和第二排气阀联接至该干道或排出道的第一排气控制阀，该通过第一排气控制阀而所述第一和第二排气阀联接至该干道提供一个用于打开所述第一和第二排气阀的液压力；
一个可操作来将所述第一和第二排气阀联接至该干道或排出道的第二排气控制阀，以与第一排气控制阀并联，该通过第二排气控制阀而所述第一和第二排气阀联接至该干道提供另一个用于打开所述第一和第二排气阀的液压力。
2.按权利要求1所述的液压驱动阀组件，其特征在于，所述第一和第二排气阀各自可由一个第一销和一个第二销分别液压打开，该第一销和第二销各从所述第一和第二排气控制阀分别接收液压液。
3.按权利要求2所述的液压驱动阀组件，其特征在于，所述第一和第二排气阀各自可由一个联接于该干道的第三销分别关闭。
4.按权利要求1所述的液压驱动阀组件，其特征在于，还包括一个第三排气控制阀，其具有一个连接于该干道的供应口、一个连接于排出道的排出口、和一个连接所述第一和第二排气控制阀的共同口，从而选择地将所述第一和第二排气控制阀联接于该干道和排出道中的一个。
5.按权利要求4所述的液压驱动阀组件，其特征在于，所述第一和第二排气控制阀是二通阀，而所述第三排气控制阀是一个三通阀。
6.按权利要求5所述的液压驱动阀组件，其特征在于，还包括一个可操作来控制所述第一、第二和第三排气控制阀的电子控制器。
7.按权利要求1所述的液压驱动阀组件，包括：
一个适于和内燃机燃烧室联接的第一进气阀；
一个适于和内燃机燃烧室联接的第二进气阀；
一个可操作来联接所述第一和第二进气阀至液压液源的第一进气控制阀，以提供一个用于打开所述第一和第二进气阀的液压力；
一个适于和内燃机燃烧室联接的第三进气阀；
一个可操作来联接所述第三进气阀至该液压液源而与第一控制阀并联的第二进气控制阀，以提供一个用于打开所述第三进气阀并独立于所述第一和第二进气阀的液压力。
8.按权利要求7所述的液压驱动阀组件，其特征在于还包括一个第三进气控制阀和一个第三排气控制阀，该第三进气控制阀具有一个连接于该干道的供应口、一个连接于排出道的排出口、和一个连接于所述第一和第二进气控制阀的共同口，从而选择地将所述第一和第二进气控制阀联接于该干道和排出道中的一个；该第三排气控制阀具有一个连接于该干道的供应口、一个连接于排出道的排出口、和一个连接于所述第一和第二排气控制阀的共同口，从而选择地将所述第一和第二排气控制阀联接于该干道和排出道中的一个。
9.按权利要求8所述的液压驱动阀组件，其特征在于，所述第一和第二进气控制阀为二通阀，而第三进气控制阀为三通阀。
10.按权利要求9所述的液压驱动阀组件，其特征在于，还包括一个要操作来控制第一、第二和第三进气控制阀的电子控制器。
11.按权利要求7-10中任一项所述的液压驱动阀组件，该液压驱动阀组件还包括：
所述第一和第二进气阀各自联接至干道以提供一个用于关闭所述第一和第二进气阀的液压力。
CNB998082554A 1998-05-14 1999-05-13 适用于内燃机的液压驱动阀组件 Expired - Fee Related CN1329634C (zh)

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CN1308707A (zh) 2001-08-15
CN100519997C (zh) 2009-07-29
AU4004599A (en) 1999-11-29
CN101067389A (zh) 2007-11-07
US6173685B1 (en) 2001-01-16
CA2332137A1 (en) 1999-11-18
JP2002514706A (ja) 2002-05-21
EP1076763A1 (en) 2001-02-21
WO1999058822A1 (en) 1999-11-18
CA2332137C (en) 2008-12-30
US6148778A (en) 2000-11-21

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