CN1326477C - 凝胶型饮料组合物 - Google Patents
凝胶型饮料组合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1326477C CN1326477C CNB038181894A CN03818189A CN1326477C CN 1326477 C CN1326477 C CN 1326477C CN B038181894 A CNB038181894 A CN B038181894A CN 03818189 A CN03818189 A CN 03818189A CN 1326477 C CN1326477 C CN 1326477C
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种全面补充营养的凝胶型饮料组合物,其含有均衡的各种营养成分、清爽的口感、低PH值,并且在长期的保存中可以保持适合饮食的软凝胶状态。该组合物是一种凝胶型制品,其含有5—20重量%的糖,0.1—5重量%的脂类,2.5—6重量%的在pH值为3—4时不凝结的蛋白质材料,0.2—3重量%的柠檬酸,0.2—1.5重量%的至少一种选自抗坏血酸、酒石酸、琥珀酸、苹果酸、葡萄糖酸、磷酸、植酸、乳酸和柠檬酸三钠的酸成分,0.01—0.5重量%的乳化剂,0.1—1重量%的琼脂和65—90重量%的水,pH值为3—4。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种全面补充营养的凝胶饮料组合物,更具体讲,涉及一种含有均衡的糖、脂肪和蛋白质三种主要营养的口感良好的凝胶饮料组合物,其具有柔软的凝胶形态和清爽的口感。
背景技术
目前已经研究开发了各种液体和固体的营养补充饮料和食品(保健食品)。这些保健食品含有每日必需的营养素,用于补充膳食或者快速补充在运动或者工作中消耗的能量。
本发明的发明人曾经开发了高粘度溶液状的含有均衡的重要营养素可以全面补充营养的组合物(日本审查专利公开号:199483653)。食用这种组合物可以改善不均衡的饮食,适当补充每日生活所必需的能量和营养素,同时预防和治疗(防止进一步恶化)过多摄取卡路里(例如肥胖)所引起的各种疾病,例如糖尿病、高血压和心脏病。然而,上述组合物的缺点在于其为近乎中性pH值的高粘度液体,不符合现今消费者的消费习惯。
近年来,在饮料消费市场出现了新的饮食制品,即各种胶状饮料。这些饮料为凝胶状,在饮用前通过例如振荡的方式进行粉碎。它们独特的饮用特性,例如,有趣的吞咽特性和质感,符合现今消费者的口味,能够吸引他们的注意。虽然这些凝胶状的饮料具有与普通的软饮料相近的酸性pH,因此具有良好的贮藏稳定性,但是它们基本上不含有蛋白质和脂肪。也就是说,它们不具有足以全面补充营养素的均衡配方。
专利公开文本WO99/34690中公开了一种专门为吞咽困难的病人而设计的营养凝胶食品,同时还公开了其生产方法。这种凝胶食品含有营养素,例如适当比例的蛋白质和糖,并且将其pH值调整到酸性,从而具有清爽的口感。这种凝胶食品也非常容易饮用(易于吞咽)。然而,重要的是该食品是等电性蛋白质凝胶(蛋白质形成的凝胶)和胶凝剂(增稠剂)如果胶或黄原胶形成的组合物。这将产生以下问题:因为凝胶是通过对蛋白质进行凝结(凝胶化),对凝结后的蛋白质进行均质化,然后用胶凝剂对生成的乳状液进行胶凝形成的,蛋白质凝胶可能会给食品带来一种不太好的口感,这主要取决于凝胶的均质化程度;并且在长时间的贮藏过程中产品的pH值逐渐降低,加速了凝胶的变质(强度降低,部分分解,失水,等等)。因此,在加工的过程中,凝胶不能保持均一的凝胶状态和适食性(适当的硬度和粘度使吞咽容易)。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种营养均衡、可口、低pH值的用于全面补充营养的凝胶饮料组合物,其以适于食用(饮用)的软凝胶形态存在,并且能够长时间稳定地保持这种形态。
发明人认为如果将本发明人在以前开发的(日本审查专利公开号:199483653)营养素均衡组合物制备为凝胶样的饮料,就可以提供用于全面补充营养并具有良好适食性的饮料,并进行了深入研究。然而,当含有相对高浓度蛋白质和脂肪(用于全面补充营养)的营养组合物被调整到酸性pH值以便提供类似于已有凝胶状饮料的清爽口感时,研究人员发现其中的蛋白质凝结并且凝结后的蛋白质破坏了凝胶形态的均匀性,形成多粒状,同时破坏了凝胶的食用性。我们还发现脂肪成分从凝胶中分离出来,阻止凝胶形成均一结构。
本发明的发明人进行了进一步研究并且发现当使用下述特定量的特定物质时,可以得到实现上述目的的用于全面补充营养成分的凝胶饮料组合物。基于该发现和进一步的研究从而完成了本发明。
本发明提供了如以下(1)-(7)项所述的凝胶饮料组合物以及如(8)-(9)项所述的生产凝胶饮料组合物的方法。
(1)一种pH值为3-4的用于全面补充营养的凝胶饮料组合物,其含有基于组合物总重量的以下成分:
5-20重量%的糖,
0.1-5重量%的脂肪,
2.5-6重量%的在pH3-4时不会凝结的蛋白质,
0.2-3重量%的柠檬酸,
0.2-1.5重量%的至少一种选自抗坏血酸、酒石酸、琥珀酸、苹果酸、葡萄糖酸、磷酸、植酸、乳酸和柠檬酸三钠的酸成分,
0.01-0.5重量%的乳化剂,
0.1-1重量%的琼脂,
65-90重量%的水。
(2)如(1)所述的凝胶饮料组合物,其中在pH3-4时不会凝结的蛋白质材料为选自平均分子量为500-10000的蛋白质水解产物、乳清蛋白浓缩物、乳清蛋白分离物和脱盐乳清中的至少一种。
(3)如(2)所述的凝胶饮料组合物,其中在pH3-4时不会凝结的蛋白质材料为选自乳清蛋白浓缩物和乳清蛋白分离物中的至少一种。
(4)如(1)所述的凝胶饮料组合物,其中酸成分选自葡萄糖酸和乳酸中的至少一种。
(5)如(1)所述的凝胶饮料组合物,其进一步含有0.05-0.3重量%的至少一种选自吉兰糖胶、角叉菜胶、果胶和明胶的胶凝剂。
(6)如(1)所述的凝胶饮料组合物,其进一步含有0.05-0.3重量%的至少一种选自瓜尔胶、刺槐豆胶和黄原胶的增稠剂。
(7)如(1)所述的凝胶饮料组合物,其进一步含有0.05-0.3重量%的至少一种选自吉兰胶、角叉菜胶、果胶和明胶的胶凝剂,和0.05-0.3重量%的至少一种选自以瓜尔胶、刺槐豆胶和黄原胶的增稠剂。
(8)一种生产如(1)所述的凝胶饮料组合物的方法,其包括以下步骤:
将下列成分混合,加热使其乳化,然后冷却所得混合物:
糖 5-20重量%,
脂肪 0.1-5重量%,
在pH值3-4下不会凝结的蛋白质材料 2.5-6重量%,
柠檬酸 0.2-3重量%,
至少一种选自抗坏血酸、酒石酸、琥珀酸、苹果酸、葡萄糖酸、磷酸、植酸、乳酸和柠檬酸三钠的酸成分 0.2-1.5重量%,
乳化剂 0.01-0.5重量%,
琼脂 0.1-1重量%,
水 65-90重量%。
(9)如(8)所述生产凝胶饮料组合物的方法,其中冷却步骤是在将混合物放置在容器中之后进行的。
在本说明书中,除非另有说明,百分比均指重量百分比。
本发明用于全面补充营养的凝胶饮料组合物的特征在于其是一种特别适于饮用的软凝胶形态,具有清爽的口感和良好的贮藏稳定性的,能够长时间保持凝胶形态和食用特性。本发明凝胶饮料组合物具有“软凝胶形态”指,例如当本发明组合物被放置在有吸管的容器中时,该组合物具有一定的流动性,使得消费者可以通过吸管轻松吸取,同时由于其具有适宜的硬度和粘性,因此具有良好的口感。本发明凝胶饮料组合物具有“清爽的口感”主要是因为联合使用了柠檬酸和特定酸成分,将pH值调整到3-4,优选3.5-4。本发明凝胶饮料组合物的“贮藏稳定性”指,例如在37℃下放置一个月组合物仍可以保持制成时的pH值和凝胶形态。
虽然本发明的组合物具有酸性pH值,但是不会产生由于蛋白质的聚集和凝结给舌头带来粗糙或者颗粒感。也就是说,组合物具有良好的食用/饮用特性、质感以及光滑均一的外观。
此外,本发明凝胶饮料组合物含有足够的合适比例的糖、脂肪、蛋白质和其它上述人体基础营养素,消化后可以有效、全面地补充营养。
下文将详细地描述本发明凝胶饮料组合物的成分以及生产本发明组合物的方法。
糖
糖选自营养补充组合物领域中传统使用的糖。三种主要的营养素之一的糖以糖元的形式储存在肝或者肌肉中,为体力活动提供能量来源。糖的实例包括单糖,如葡萄糖和果糖;二糖,如麦芽糖、蔗糖和乳糖;糖醇如木糖醇、山梨(糖)醇、丙三醇和赤藓糖醇;多糖例如糊精和环糊精,以及寡聚糖例如果糖寡聚糖和乳糖寡聚糖。这些糖可以单独使用或者联合使用。当两种或者多种糖联合使用时,可以使用商品化的糖混合物,例如异构化糖或者纯化后的蔗糖。
可以使用的糖包括那些不但可以用作营养素也可以用作甜味剂的糖,例如蔗糖。优选使用那些可以用作甜味剂的糖,因为它们可以增加凝胶饮料组合物的甜味。
本发明凝胶饮料组合物中糖的含量大约为5-20%,优选约10-20%,更优选约13-18%。当使用这些范围内的糖作为营养素时,赋予本发明组合物适当量的营养和各成分之间的良好平衡。作为甜味剂的糖优选以约5-15%的比例使用,更优选为大约8-13%。
脂肪
脂肪可以选自营养补充组合物中常用的脂肪。在长时间体力消耗的时候,脂肪用作糖的替代性能源。脂肪的典型例子包括作为必需脂肪酸来源的长链脂肪酸甘油三酯(LCT)。LCT的典型例子包括植物油例如大豆油,棉籽油、红花油、玉米油、米糠油、椰子油、紫苏油、芝麻油和亚麻子油;鱼油例如沙丁鱼油和鱼肝油,此外,还有摩擦禾油(Oil of Gamma)。脂肪的其它例子还包括C8-C10的中链脂肪酸甘油三酯(MCT)。MCT易于吸收和生成,但是很难贮存。LCT和MCT可以单独使用,也可以从LCT或MCT中独立选择两种或者更多种甘油三酯联合使用。
脂肪可以被添加到本发明凝胶饮料组合物中,浓度约0.1-5%,优选约0.1-3%,更优选约0.5-3%。在上述范围内添加脂肪能够使本发明组合物成为令人满意的均衡补充营养组合物。
乳化剂
脂肪溶于油但是几乎不溶于水,因此在本发明中以水包油的乳化液的形式使用。为了生产本发明的组合物,需要使用乳化剂对脂肪进行乳化。
可以从那些在食品领域传统使用的乳化剂中选择合适的乳化剂。考虑到本发明饮料组合物需要被调节至酸性pH值,优选耐酸性乳化剂。
典型的例子包括脂肪酸甘油酯。可以使用的脂肪酸甘油酯包括那些在食品中常规使用的乳化剂,例如高度纯化的单酸甘油酯、高度纯化的二甘油单脂肪酸酯、多聚甘油的酯。具体的例子包括可以购买到的“Sunsoft”(注册商标,TAIYO KAGAKU CO,LTD.生产),“Emulsy”(注册商标,RIKEN VITAMIN CO.LTD.生产)和“Ryoto”(MITSUBISHI化学公司生产)。
除了脂肪酸甘油酯,本发明中还可以使用其它在食品生产领域中常用的乳化剂。实例包括磷脂如蛋黄卵磷脂,氢化蛋黄卵磷脂,大豆卵磷脂和氢化大豆卵磷脂;人工合成的表面活性剂例如聚氧乙烯单油酸酯(例如,可购买的产品“Tween 80”(注册商标,AMR生产));蔗糖脂肪酸酯;脱水山梨糖醇脂肪酸酯;和脂肪酸丙二醇酯。
乳化剂不但可以单独使用,而且还可以将它们中的两种或者更多种联合使用。优选将它们联合使用。相对于本发明凝胶饮料组合物的重量,乳化剂的比例优选为大约0.01-0.5%,更优选大约0.01-0.3%。当使用通过混合蛋白质、柠檬酸和其它酸所得乳液或分散体来生产本发明凝胶饮料组合物时,基于乳液/分散体重量的乳化剂的合适比例为大约1-5%,并且优选大约3-5%。
蛋白质材料
蛋白质也是三种主要的营养素之一,其它两种是糖和脂肪。蛋白质材料选自那些在本发明凝胶饮料组合物的pH值(例如PH3-4)下不凝结的蛋白质。例如乳清蛋白浓缩物(WPC)、乳清蛋白分离物(WPI)、脱盐乳清;和平均分子量为大约500-10000,优选大约2000-8000的蛋白质水解物(并且可能含有肽和/或一定量的氨基酸)。其中,优选WPC和WPI。
WPC和WPI是乳清制品,通过将液体乳清(在乳制品例如干酪和酪蛋白的生产过程中的一种副产品)进行过滤、离子交换、结晶、沉淀和反渗透制得。可商业获得的WPC有WPC-34、WPC-50、WPC60、WPC75和WPC80。不同厂家之间的差别很小,WPC和WPI的蛋白质含量(重量%)、构成所述蛋白质的主要成分的组成(基于整个蛋白质含量的重量%)和蛋白质以外成分的含量(重量%)大致如下表1所示(New Food Industry,25(3),33(1983),等等)。
表1
WPC-34 | WPC-50 | WPC-60 | WPC-75 | WPC-80 | WPI | |
蛋白质α-乳球蛋白β-乳球蛋白血清白蛋白免疫球蛋白 | 34-366.5161.72.7 | 50-529.5242.54.0 | 60-6211293.04.8 | 75-7814363.86.0 | 80-82153 84.06.4 | 90-9221471.52.4 |
乳糖 | 48-52 | 33-37 | 25-30 | 10-15 | 4-8 | 0.5-1 |
脂肪 | 3-4.5 | 5-6 | 1-7 | 4-9 | 4-8 | 0.5-1 |
灰分 | 6.5-8.0 | 4.5-5.5 | 4-6 | 4-6 | 3-4 | 2-3 |
水 | 3.0-4.5 | 3.5-4.5 | 3-5 | 3-5 | 3.5-4.5 | 4.5 |
pH | 6-6.7 | 6-6.7 | 6-6.7 | 6-6.7 | 6-6.7 | 6-6.7 |
脱盐乳清可以通过对乳清进行低温杀菌,并且经过沉淀、过滤、透析或其它分离技术除去其中的矿物质而得到。通常情况下,其中含有79%的糖、2%的脂肪、13%的蛋白质和不到7%的灰分。
平均分子量为大约500-10000的蛋白质水解物的例子包括那些在pH3-4时不凝结的蛋白质、以及肽,所述肽是通过对下述普通蛋白质如酪蛋白、明胶、大豆蛋白和小麦蛋白进行酶水解和酸水解到上述分子量得到的。它们通常是由肽键连接的至多100个氨基酸构成的肽。蛋白质水解物中也可含有氨基酸。优选平均分子量为大约2000-8000的蛋白质水解物。
在pH3-4不凝结的蛋白质材料可以单独使用也可以联合使用。加入本发明凝胶饮料组合物中的蛋白质的含量为大约2.5-6%,优选大约3-5%。添加上述含量的蛋白质可以使得本发明中的组合物成为一种营养均衡的蛋白质来源和一种营养全面的理想的饮料组合物。
如果必要,本发明组合物除了含有在pH3-4下不凝结的蛋白质材料之外,可能还含有在酸性pH下凝结的蛋白质材料。例如酪蛋白、大豆蛋白和小麦蛋白;这些蛋白的盐;上述蛋白的发酵产品;上述蛋白的萃取物;上述蛋白的浓缩物;全脂奶粉和脱脂乳粉。这些产品可以单独使用或者联合使用。将这些蛋白质材料和那些在pH3-4下不凝结的蛋白质材料联合使用可以调节组合物中蛋白质成分的平衡,改善其味道。在这些酸性pH值下凝结的蛋白质材料当中,优选发酵产品,即酸奶酪和干酪。添加到本发明组合物中的在酸性pH值下凝结的蛋白质材料的量需要满足在添加之后不损害本发明组合物的性质例如凝胶形态和食用特性(舌头的感觉)。合适的用量为低于本发明凝胶饮料组合物的1%。
柠檬酸和酸成分
联合使用柠檬酸和抗坏血酸、酒石酸、琥珀酸、苹果酸、葡萄糖酸、磷酸、植酸、乳酸和柠檬酸三盐中的至少一种酸对于本发明凝胶饮料组合物很重要,使pH可以被调节到3-4,优选3.5-4。
本发明凝胶饮料组合物中的柠檬酸的添加量为大约0.2-3%,优选大约0.2-2%,其量能够将组合物的pH调整到3-4。在上述特定范围内使用柠檬酸不会使最终组合物太酸而影响口感。
使用抗坏血酸、酒石酸、琥珀酸、苹果酸、葡萄糖酸、磷酸、植酸、乳酸和柠檬酸三盐中的至少一种作为酸成分,不但不会损害组合物的食用特性,反而能够增强清爽感,产生调节pH或者缓冲的作用。在这些酸成分中,特别优选葡萄糖酸和乳酸。此外,还优选抗坏血酸,因为它能够提供营养素例如维生素C。本发明凝胶饮料组合物中的酸成分的添加量大约是0.2-1.5%,优选大约0.2-1.0%。添加后可以理想地改善食用特性、pH的调节或者缓冲效果。
在本说明书中,利用玻璃电极测定凝胶的pH值。
琼脂
本发明的凝胶饮料组合物使用琼脂作为一种基本的胶凝成分。可以使用用热水从红藻中萃取、通过凝固和干燥该萃取物得到的任何琼脂。红藻包括石花菜(Gelidium amansii),江蓠(Gracilaria verrucosa),鸡毛菜(Pterocladia tenuis)和伊谷草(Ahnfeltia plicata)。这种琼脂包括琼脂线、琼脂棒、琼脂片和琼脂粉等。加入到组合物中的琼脂的量是0.1-1%,优选0.2-0.5%。在这种范围内使用琼脂可以提供适于食用/饮用的均匀凝胶,这也是本发明的目的。
水
在本发明的凝胶饮料组合物中还要加入水,加入量为65-90%,优选70-85%。
其它胶凝剂或者增稠剂
如果需要,除琼脂之外本发明组合物还可以含有在食品领域中传统用作胶凝剂和增稠剂的各种物质。胶凝剂的例子包括吉兰胶、角叉菜胶、果胶和明胶。增稠剂的例子包括红藻胶、刺槐豆胶、瓜尔胶、阿拉伯胶和黄原胶。其中优选从吉兰胶、角叉菜胶、果胶和明胶中选择的胶凝剂,从刺槐豆胶、瓜尔胶和黄原胶选择的增稠剂。这些胶凝剂和增稠剂可以单独使用,也可以联合使用。特别优选联合使用胶凝剂和增稠剂。胶凝剂和/或增稠剂表现出适当的胶凝能力和凝胶稳定化能力,能够控制所得凝胶的凝胶强度。当和琼脂联合使用时,它们还可以减少水分释放、改善质感。
本发明凝胶饮料组合物中加入的每一种胶凝剂和增稠剂的量通常为大约0.05-0.3%。
其它的添加剂
如果需要,除了上述物质本发明凝胶饮料组合物还可以含有其它合适的添加剂成分。
这些物质的例子包括甜味剂例如天然甜味剂(除了糖)和人工甜味剂;维生素和矿物质(电解质和微量元素);香料例如天然香料、合成香料;着色剂;风味强化物质(巧克力等);食品保鲜剂;天然果汁;和天然果肉。
天然(非糖)甜味剂的例子包括奇异果甜蛋白、甜菊萃取物(新蛇菊苷A等)和甘草皂苷。人工甜味剂的例子包括糖精和阿斯巴甜。
维生素的例子包括水溶性维生素和脂溶性维生素,例如维生素A(视黄醇)、维生素B1(硫胺素)、维生素B2(核黄素)、维生素B6(吡哆醇)、维生素B12(氰钴胺素)、维生素D(胆钙化甾醇及其类似物)、维生素E(生育酚)、烟酸、双苯酰硫胺、烟酰胺、泛酸钙、叶酸、生物素和酒石酸氢胆碱。
矿物质(电解质和微量元素)的例子包括一般矿物质例如氯化钠、乙酸钠、硫酸镁、氯化镁、氯化钙、葡萄糖酸钙、乳酸钙,席夫钙、磷酸氢二钾、磷酸二氢钠、甘油磷酸钙、蛋壳钙、牛骨粉、乳钙、柠檬酸铁、焦磷酸亚铁、焦磷酸铁、琥珀酸柠檬酸铁钠、硫酸锰、硫酸铜、硫酸锌、碘化钠、山梨酸钾、锌、锰、铜、碘和钴。
香料包括天然香料和人工香料,例如苹果香料剂、桔子香料剂,葡萄香料剂和柠檬香料剂。
着色剂的例子包括红2号、红3号、绿3号、蓝1号、蓝2号、黄4号、黄5号、红甘蓝色素、柑橘色素、紫苏色素、叶绿素、紫苏色、番茄色素和向日葵色素。
风味强化物质的例子包括巧克力。
食品保鲜剂的例子包括丁基羟基茴香醚(BHA)、二丁基羟基甲苯(BHT)、硝酸钠、亚硝酸钠、乙二胺四乙酸二钠(EDTA.2Na)、叔丁基氢醌(TBHQ)、苯甲酸、日本安息香萃取物、茵陈蒿萃取物、日扁柏素萃取物、果胶分解物、厚朴萃取物和连翘属萃取物。
天然果汁和天然果肉的例子包括苹果、绿苹果、橙子、橘子、柚子、桃子、草莓、麝香葡萄、葡萄、菠萝、柠檬、欧洲梨、荔枝、蓝莓、芒果和香蕉。
其中,希望添加维生素和矿物质,因为这样有助于提供全面的营养补充。特别优选的维生素的例子包括含有以下量维生素(200g本发明的组合物中,进一步含有1-500mg维生素C)的多维生素制剂。
维生素A 10-2000IU
维生素B1 0.01-3.0mg
维生素B2 0.01-3.1mg
维生素B6 0.01-3.2mg
维生素B 120.1-30ug
维生素D 1-300IU
维生素E 1-100IU
烟酰胺 0.1-30mg
泛酸钙 0.1-31mg
叶酸 0.01-3.0mg
这些添加剂成分可以单独使用也可以联合使用。对这些添加的成分的量没有限制。通常情况下,除了天然果汁和天然果肉之外的添加成分的总量小于本发明凝胶饮料组合物的2重量%。相对100质量份的本发明凝胶饮料组合物,天然果汁和天然果肉的含量最多可以达到50质量份。
本发明组合物的制备
如下配制本发明组合物:将规定量的上述成分与规定量的水加热混合,乳化混合物,然后冷却该混合物。这种乳化可以通过将所有的成分一次性加入到水中,然后进行若干机械操作例如搅拌等进行。或者,也可以通过首先制备水溶性成分的水溶液,然后在溶液中加入脂溶性成分和乳化剂或者它们的混合物,然后进行同样的机械运动例如搅拌。通常,为了得到更均一的乳化混合物,优选后者。
上述成分的混合操作(乳化操作)可以在室温下进行,但是优选加热进行。乳化操作可以以完全通过方式或循环方式、用合适的均化器以传统方式进行,例如均相混合器、高压均化器等。
生产本发明组合物的特别优选方法的具体实例如下:在蛋白质材料、柠檬酸和水的液体混合物(分散体)中,加入脂肪、乳化剂、糖和其它添加成分。将得到的乳化液加热到大约60℃。然后将该乳化液与如下制备的溶液混合:通过加热将琼脂和其它胶凝剂或者增稠剂溶解在预先加热到大约80℃的水中。
通过冷却上述乳化液可以制成所需的凝胶饮料产品,优选将该乳化液放置在合适的容器中,对乳化液进行消毒和冷却。合适的容器是指用于盛放这种类型的饮料的塑料制成的任何容器。材料的例子包括聚乙烯、聚丙烯、拉伸聚酰胺、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、EVAL(注册商标,乙烯一乙烯基醇共聚物树脂,KURARAY CO.LTD.生产),以及将这些树脂和铝、纸等层压制得的复合材料。可商业获得的容器包括Soft Pouch(由FUJI SEAL,INC.生产)、Bottled Pouch(注册商标,由TOPPAN PRINTING CO.,LTD生产)、Spouch(注册商标,DAINIPPON PRINTING CO.,LTD.生产)和Cheerpack(注册商标,HOSOKAWA YOKO CO.,LTD.生产)。消毒可以通过传统的方法例如加热进行。在这种情况下,消毒也起到加热的作用,因此之前的加热步骤就不必要了。
这样制得的本发明凝胶饮料产品具有良好的可食用性和安全性,并且,这种产品在消化后能够有效提供全面均衡的营养。
本发明最佳实方式
下面将通过实施例详细描述本发明。在这些实施例中,如果没有特殊说明,份数和百分数都是基于重量。
实施例1-4
在水中加入表2所列的具体量的成分以及适当量的其它成分:矿物质、维生素和香料。将每种混合物搅拌、乳化和加热到80℃。在Spouch(注册商标,由DAI NIPPON PRINTING CO.,LTD.制造)中放置200g的每一种混合物,然后在80℃加热10分钟进行灭菌。然后冷却该容器,得到小袋中的本发明凝胶饮料产品。在这些产品中,葡萄糖酸钙被用作矿物质,上述多维生素制剂作为维生素,苹果香料作为香料。
上面得到的所有本发明凝胶饮料都具有均匀性、光滑的表面外观和柔软的凝胶形态。
表2
成分(%) | 实施例 | |||
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |
糖蔗糖果糖寡聚糖 | 10.0-- | -10.0- | 5.05.0- | --15.0 |
脂肪米糠油玉米油大豆油 | 2.0-- | -2.0- | --2.0 | 1.01.0- |
蛋白质材料WPIWPC酶水解的明胶 | 6.0-- | -4.0- | 4.0-1.0 | -4.01.0 |
柠檬酸 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 1.0 | 0.8 |
酸成分苹果酸抗坏血酸葡萄糖酸 | 0.4-- | -0.4- | --0.6 | --0.6 |
乳化剂脂肪酸甘油酯蔗糖脂肪酸酯卵磷脂 | 0.2-- | -0.2- | --0.2 | 0.10.1- |
琼脂 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 |
增稠剂瓜尔胶刺槐豆胶黄原胶 | --- | 0.1-- | -0.1- | --0.1 |
水 | 80.0 | 82.1 | 80.6 | 75.8 |
能量(千卡/100克) | 79.6 | 70.8 | 76.0 | 94.4 |
pH | 3.9 | 3.7 | 3.7 | 3.9 |
下面给出表2和表3(见下文)中各个成分的解释:
WPI:使用表1中所述的WPI。
WPC:使用表1中所述的WPC-80。
酶水解的明胶:平均分子量小于或等于约8000的酶水解明胶。
通过下列方程式计算能量:(4×糖含量)+(9×脂肪含量)+(4×蛋白质含量)。能量以每100克样品的千卡值表示。
实施例5-10
通过混合下表3中所列的蛋白质材料、柠檬酸、酸成分和一部份水(50%)混合制备分散体。然后,在该分散体中加入表3所列具体量的脂肪、糖、乳化剂、增稠剂,以及其它成分如适量的矿物质、维生素和香料。搅拌混合物并加热到60℃,得到溶液A。同时,将剩余的水加热到80℃或者更高的温度,然后在其中加入琼脂和其它胶凝剂。这些混合物经过搅拌溶解,得到溶液B。
将溶液A和溶液B混合。将200g每种混合物分别放置在Spouch中,在80℃加热10分钟进行消毒,然后冷却,得到小袋中的本发明凝胶饮料产品。
上述得到的所有本发明凝胶饮料都有光滑均一表面外观和柔软的凝胶状态。
表3
成分(%) | 实施例 | |||||
5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | |
糖蔗糖果糖寡聚糖糊精 | ---15.0. | ---20.0 | 10.0-5.0- | 10.0--5.0 | -10.0-5.0 | 5.0--15.0 |
脂肪米糠油玉米油大豆油 | -1.0-1.0 | -1.01.0 | 2.0-- | -2.0- | --1.0 | 4.0-- |
蛋白质材料WPIWPC脱脂奶粉大豆蛋白小麦蛋白 | 4.0--0.5- | 4.0---0.5 | -4.00.5-- | 4.0--0.2- | -4.0-0.2- | 4.0---0.2 |
柠檬酸 | 0.8 | 1.0 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 |
酸成分抗坏血酸葡萄糖酸磷酸乳酸 | --0.3- | ---0.2 | 0.5-0.3- | 0.70.3-- | -0.5-0.3 | --0.50.3 |
乳化剂脂肪酸甘油酯蔗糖脂肪酸酯卵磷脂 | 0.1-0.1 | -0.10.1 | 0.10.050.05 | -0.2- | --0.12 | 0.4-- |
琼脂 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.3 |
其它胶凝剂吉兰胶角叉菜胶果胶明胶 | 0.1--- | -0.1-- | --0.1- | ---0.2 | 0.1--- | -0.005-- |
增稠剂瓜尔胶刺槐豆胶 | -- | -- | -- | -- | 0.1- | -0.1 |
水 | 76.7 | 71.6 | 76.5 | 76.5 | 77.9 | 69.7 |
能量(千卡/100克) | 92.9 | 113.1 | 91.5 | 93.0 | 82.4 | 131.0 |
pH | 3.7 | 3.8 | 3.8 | 3.8 | 3.8 | 3.7 |
检验实施例1
本发明中所使用的酸对于所得凝胶饮料的影响可以通过感官试验进行检验。
本发明凝胶饮料的样品1-7和比较饮料样品1-3可以用实施例1中的方法将下述的成分添加到水中制备:
蔗糖和糊精作为糖(7∶3混合) 16.1%
玉米油作为脂肪 0.6%
WPC(如表1所述)作为在pH3-4下不凝结的蛋白质材料 6.1%
脂肪酸甘油酯作为乳化剂 0.02%
琼脂 0.3%
瓜尔胶作为增稠剂 0.1%
柠檬酸 表4中所示量(%)
酸成分 表4中所示量(%)
请评价者饮用所得样品,并将其酸性口味如下划分等级:
3:样品具有可以接受的酸味,
2:样品稍微有些酸,
1:样品过酸。
表4中列出了结果,感官试验的结果是以10个评价者的总评分表示的。
本发明的所有样品都具有清爽的口感,因为它们的pH值都在3.7-4.0范围内。
表4
样品编号 | 所用的酸和其量(%) | pH | 感官试验分数 | ||
本发明1 | 柠檬酸0.5 | 抗坏血酸1.0 | - | 4.0 | 23 |
本发明2 | 柠檬酸1.0 | 柠檬酸三钠0.5 | - | 3.9 | 20 |
本发明3 | 柠檬酸0.5 | 葡萄糖酸0.5 | - | 3.9 | 23 |
本发明4 | 柠檬酸0.5 | 磷酸0.5 | - | 3.9 | 21 |
本发明5 | 柠檬酸0.5 | 乳酸0.5 | - | 3.9 | 28 |
本发明6 | 柠檬酸0.5 | 磷酸0.5 | 葡萄糖酸0.5 | 3.8 | 28 |
本发明7 | 柠檬酸0.5 | 乳酸0.5 | 磷酸0.5 | 3.7 | 26 |
对照1 | 柠檬酸1.0 | - | - | 3.5 | 15 |
对照2 | 酒石酸1.0 | - | - | 3.9 | 12 |
对照3 | 苹果酸1.0 | - | - | 4.0 | 13 |
如表4所述,联合使用柠檬酸和一种或多种酸成分生产的本发明凝胶饮料的样品,经过感官评价具有可以接受的酸味或者微酸,但是仅仅使用柠檬酸或者其它酸的所有比较饮料都太酸了。
检验实施例2
测定了本发明凝胶饮料组合物和比较饮料的pH和凝胶硬度的变化(降低)。
使用表5中的成分利用检验实施例1中的方法生产本发明凝胶饮料的样品(本发明的产品)和比较饮料(比较产品)。
表5
成分(%) | 本发明产品 | 比较产品 |
糖(蔗糖+糊精=7∶3) | 16.0 | 16.0 |
脂肪(玉米油) | 2.1 | 2.1 |
在pH3-4不凝结的蛋白质材料(WPI) | 2.9 | 2.9 |
乳化剂(脂肪酸甘油酯) | 0.1 | 0.1 |
琼脂 | 0.3 | 0.3 |
增稠剂(瓜尔胶) | 0.1 | 0.1 |
柠檬酸 | 0.42 | 0.21 |
乳酸 | 0.09 | - |
水 | 78.0 | 78.3 |
将所制得的样品在室温(25℃)下放置1个月,在37℃下放置1个月,或者在50℃放置一周。在生产和储藏后立即测定每一种样品的pH值和凝胶形态。评价者进行了感官试验,基于以下标准评价凝胶形态。感观评价的结果是以所有评价者的总分表示。当总分是20或者更高的时候,认为凝胶强度好,当总分是15-19时,凝胶强度比较弱,当总分是14或者更低时,凝胶强度不足。
3分:具有令人愉快的口感和柔软的凝胶形态。
2分:软凝胶形态差(口感不佳)。
1分:凝胶的形成非常差(由于保持形状的能力差,凝胶液化)。
结果见表6。
表6
样品 | 本发明 | 比较产品 | |||||
pH | 凝胶强度 | 感官评价 | pH | 凝胶强度 | 感观评价 | ||
室温 | 试验开始时 | 3.78 | 良好 | 28 | 3.99 | 良好 | 25 |
1个月后 | 3.77 | 良好 | 28 | 3.99 | 良好 | 23 | |
37℃ | 试验开始时 | 3.78 | 良好 | 28 | 3.99 | 良好 | 25 |
1个月后 | 3.78 | 良好 | 23 | 3.80 | 不足 | 14 | |
50℃ | 试验开始时 | 3.78 | 良好 | 28 | 3.99 | 良好 | 25 |
1个月后 | 3.77 | 良好 | 21 | 3.95 | 弱 | 16 |
从表6中的结果可以看出,无论是在37℃储藏1个月,还是在50℃储藏1个星期,本发明凝胶饮料样品的pH或者凝胶强度几乎都没有下降。相反,在37℃储藏1个月后,比较样品的pH值明显下降,并且不能保持凝胶状态,而形成近似于溶胶的状态,在50℃储藏1个星期后,比较样品的pH值仅有轻微下降,但是凝胶状态变差。
检验实施例3
在这个试验中,本发明的凝胶饮料组合物被放置在高温环境中,然后通过感官试验测定其稳定性(凝胶的抗热性)。
使用表7中所列具体量的成分,依据检验实施例1中的方法生产本发明的凝胶饮料样品(本发明的产品)和比较饮料样品(比较产品)。
表7
成分(%) | 本发明的产品 | 比较产品 |
糖(蔗糖+糊精=7∶3) | 16.1 | 16.1 |
脂肪(玉米油) | 0.6 | 0.6 |
在pH3-4下不凝结的蛋白质材料(WPI) | 6.1 | 6.1 |
乳化剂(脂肪酸甘油酯) | 0.02 | 0.02 |
琼脂 | 0.3 | 0.3 |
增稠剂(瓜尔胶) | 0.1 | 0.1 |
柠檬酸 | 0.39 | 0.83 |
葡萄糖酸 | 0.352 | - |
磷酸 | 0.085 | - |
水 | 76.0 | 76.0 |
得到的样品在65℃、70℃、75℃、80℃或者85℃放置1分钟、2分钟、3分钟、5分钟、10分钟、20分钟、30分钟、40分钟、50分钟或者60分。然后将样品冷却后,请10位评价者饮用该饮料,对样品的凝胶形态基于以下标准进行评价。
A:具有令人愉快的口感和柔软的凝胶形态。
B:软凝胶形态差(口感差)。
C:凝胶的形成非常差(由于保持形状的能力差,凝胶液化)。
结果如表8所示。
表8
持续时间(分钟) | 1 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 10 | 20 | 30 | 40 | 50 | 60 | |
65℃ | 本发明 | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A |
对照 | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | B | - | |
70℃ | 本发明 | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | - |
对照 | A | A | A | A | A | A | B | C | - | - | |
75℃ | 本发明 | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | B | B |
对照 | A | A | A | A | A | B | C | - | - | - | |
80℃ | 本发明 | A | A | A | A | C | - | - | - | - | - |
对照 | A | A | C | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
85℃ | 本发明 | A | A | A | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
对照 | B | C | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
如表8所示,本发明凝胶饮料的凝胶在高温时不会劣化,也就是说,该凝胶高度耐热。
如上所述,本发明凝胶饮料在食用/饮用的时候具有良好的食用/饮用特性和安全性,并且食用/饮用该凝胶饮料可以提供均衡的营养。本发明的好产品也能够为在运动中需要快速补充营养的运动员提供营养。
工业实用性
本发明提供了用于全面补充营养的凝胶饮料组合物,其含有均衡的营养成分,具有清爽的口感、低pH值、适合食用(或者饮用)的柔软的凝胶形态,并且可长期保持自身的形状。通过摄入该组合物,人们可以改善不均衡的膳食、补充体力活动所需要的能量和营养素;预防和治疗(防止恶化)由于卡路里摄入过多(例如肥胖)导致的各种疾病,例如糖尿病、高血压和心脏病。
Claims (8)
1.一种pH值为3-4的用于全面补充营养的凝胶饮料组合物,基于组合物总重其含有:
5-20重量%的糖,
0.1-5重量%的脂肪,
2.5-6重量%的选自平均分子量为500-10000的蛋白质水解物、乳清蛋白浓缩物、乳清蛋白分离物和脱盐乳清中的至少一种蛋白质材料,
0.2-3重量%的柠檬酸,
0.2-1.5重量%的至少一种选自抗坏血酸、酒石酸、琥珀酸、苹果酸、葡萄糖酸、磷酸、植酸、乳酸和柠檬酸三钠的酸成分,
0.01-0.5重量%的乳化剂,
0.1-1重量%的琼脂,
65-90重量%的水。
2.如权利要求1所述的凝胶饮料组合物,其中蛋白质材料为选自乳清蛋白浓缩物和乳清蛋白分离物中的至少一种。
3.如权利要求1所述的凝胶饮料组合物,其中酸成分为选自葡萄糖酸和乳酸中的至少一种。
4.如权利要求1所述的凝胶饮料组合物,其进一步含有0.05-0.3重量%的至少一种选自吉兰胶、角叉菜胶、果胶和明胶的胶凝剂。
5.如权利要求1所述的凝胶饮料组合物,其进一步含有0.05-0.3重量%的至少一种选自瓜尔胶、刺槐豆胶和黄原胶的增稠剂。
6.如权利要求1所述的凝胶饮料组合物,其进一步含有0.05-0.3重量%的至少一种选自吉兰胶、角叉菜胶、果胶和明胶的胶凝剂,和0.05-0.3重量%的至少一种选自瓜尔胶、刺槐豆胶和黄原胶的增稠剂。
7.一种生产如权利要求1所述的凝胶饮料组合物的方法,其包括以下步骤:
将下列成分混合,加热使其乳化,然后冷却所得混合物:
糖 5-20重量%;
脂肪 0.1-5重量%;
选自平均分子量为500-10000蛋白质水解物、乳清蛋白浓缩物、乳清蛋白分离物和脱盐乳清中的至少一种蛋白质材料2.5-6重量%;
柠檬酸 0.2-3重量%;
至少一种选自抗坏血酸、酒石酸、琥珀酸、苹果酸、葡萄糖酸、磷酸、植酸、乳酸和柠檬酸三钠的酸成分 0.2-1.5重量%;
乳化剂 0.01-0.5重量%;
琼脂 0.1-1重量%;
水 65-90重量%。
8.如权利要求7所述的凝胶饮料组合物的生产方法,其中冷却步骤是在将混合物放置在容器中之后进行的。
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DE (1) | DE60305331T8 (zh) |
ES (1) | ES2261983T3 (zh) |
TW (1) | TW200403971A (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2004010796A1 (zh) |
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- 2003-07-29 WO PCT/JP2003/009571 patent/WO2004010796A1/ja active IP Right Grant
- 2003-07-29 EP EP03771396A patent/EP1541042B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CA2489566A1 (en) | 2004-02-05 |
CA2489566C (en) | 2009-12-22 |
EP1541042A1 (en) | 2005-06-15 |
EP1541042B1 (en) | 2006-05-17 |
KR20050033635A (ko) | 2005-04-12 |
JPWO2004010796A1 (ja) | 2005-12-02 |
WO2004010796A1 (ja) | 2004-02-05 |
DE60305331D1 (de) | 2006-06-22 |
CN1671300A (zh) | 2005-09-21 |
DE60305331T2 (de) | 2007-02-01 |
KR100950143B1 (ko) | 2010-03-30 |
US20050260322A1 (en) | 2005-11-24 |
TW200403971A (en) | 2004-03-16 |
TWI324047B (zh) | 2010-05-01 |
ATE326149T1 (de) | 2006-06-15 |
EP1541042A4 (en) | 2005-08-10 |
ES2261983T3 (es) | 2006-11-16 |
DE60305331T8 (de) | 2009-07-16 |
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