CN1310338C - 用于薄膜晶体管的多晶硅薄膜及使用该多晶硅薄膜的显示器件 - Google Patents

用于薄膜晶体管的多晶硅薄膜及使用该多晶硅薄膜的显示器件 Download PDF

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CN1310338C
CN1310338C CNB031016944A CN03101694A CN1310338C CN 1310338 C CN1310338 C CN 1310338C CN B031016944 A CNB031016944 A CN B031016944A CN 03101694 A CN03101694 A CN 03101694A CN 1310338 C CN1310338 C CN 1310338C
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李基龙
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Abstract

用于TFT(薄膜晶体管)的多晶硅薄膜以及使用TFT的显示装置,其中晶界的数目对载流子的运动施加重大影响,提供工作通道之间的距离“S”满足S=mGs·secθ-L的关系的双通道或多通道TFT,并且提供通过同步化双通道或多通道的每个通道中所包含的晶界数目而提高TFT特征均匀性的显示器件:S=mGs·secθ-L在上式中,Gs为多晶硅薄膜的晶粒尺寸,m为1或更大的整数,θ为倾斜角,即主晶界(“初级”晶界)沿垂直于工作通道的方向倾斜的角度,L为每个具有双通道或多通道的TFT的工作通道的长度。

Description

用于薄膜晶体管的多晶硅薄膜 及使用该多晶硅薄膜的显示器件
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求2002年1月18日提交韩国工业产权局的韩国专利申请2002-3073的优先权,该申请的公开内容引入本文作为参考。
                         技术领域
本发明涉及用于薄膜晶体管的多晶硅薄膜以及使用该多晶硅薄膜的显示器件,更具体地,本发明涉及用于薄膜晶体管的多晶硅薄膜,其具有晶体生长方向恒定且规则化的晶粒,以及采用通过该多晶硅薄膜制成的薄膜晶体管的显示器件。
                         背景技术
众所周知,当利用多晶硅制备薄膜晶体管(TFT)衬底时,价键缺陷,如存在于工作沟道区中所包含的多晶硅晶界上的原子悬空键,提供了载流子捕集器。
因此,晶粒的尺寸、尺寸均匀性、数目和位置以及取向不仅直接或间接地施加致命影响于TFT特性如阈值电压(Vth)、亚阈值斜率(SubthresholdSlope)、载流子迁移性、漏电流和装置稳定性,而且还在利用TFT制备有源矩阵显示器衬底时,对衬底位置的均匀性产生重要影响。
具体地,晶界严重地影响TFT间的特性均匀性,因为为了提高TFT特性,晶粒变得更大和更规则。
在使用具有恒定尺寸且生长方向恒定不变地调整为工作沟道方向的多晶硅晶粒,于TFT衬底或有源矩阵显示器的整个或部分区域中制备TFT的情况下,采用具有同一工作沟道长度的双工作沟道或多工作沟道所制备的TFT可能具有更好的TFT特性,因为与制备只包含单个工作沟道的TFT时相比,对载流子的运动产生致命影响的晶界数目减少了。
例如,当使用晶粒大小为Gs且主晶界的倾斜角为θ的多晶硅,制备只包含长度为2L宽度为W的单个工作沟道的TFT时,如图1A所示,工作沟道区域中所包含的主晶界数为3,且沟道的总长度为2L。相反,对于包含多沟道的TFT而言,每个沟道区域中所包含的主晶界数可以为2或1(图1B)。因此,当担当载流子运动势垒的主晶界减少时,TFT特性将得到整体改善。
然而,在使用双沟道或多沟道制备的TFT中,每个工作沟道中所包含的主晶界数可以根据沟道的位置而变化,且TFT的一致性可能因此而恶化。
例如,如图1B所示,在第一工作沟道中包括一个主晶界,而在第二工作沟道中包括了两个主晶界。
为了修补该问题,国际专利WO 97/45827报道,可以利用连续横向固化(SLS,Sequential Lateral Solidification)的结晶技术,在衬底上形成多晶或单晶的大硅粒(图3),而且当使用多晶或单晶大晶粒制备TFT时,所获特性仅次于使用单晶硅制备的TFT的特性。
然而,通过形成单晶硅制备TFT的SLS方法的问题在于,需要将TFT精确地排列在工作沟道区域中那些在技术上很难制备多个TFT的衬底位置上,而且与使用多晶硅制备TFT衬底时相比,形成尺寸至少相当于工作沟道区域的单晶硅需要更长的时间。
众所周知,使用多晶硅制备TFT的SLS方法优于通过形成单晶硅制备TFT的SLS方法。这就是使用单晶硅制备TFT的SLS较使用多晶硅制备TFT的SLS方法更费时的原因。因此,在商业生产方面,采用单晶硅的SLS方法的产量减少了。
然而,在制备有源矩阵显示器时,需要采用单晶硅的TFT的特殊性能,例如完全内嵌的驱动电路所需的特性以及高性能的TFT所需的电路(如数字模拟转换器(DAC)电路)等。当使用多晶硅制备TFT时,可以根据晶粒的大小和工作沟道的尺寸,在工作沟道区域内包括几个主晶界,可以预测TFT特性的恶化,因而,完全内嵌的电路可能不充分。
另一方面,如美国专利6,177,301所公开的,当在采用SLS结晶技术通过形成大硅粒来制备TFT(用于包括驱动器和像素阵列的液晶显示器件(LCD)中)的过程中,工作沟道的方向与SLS结晶方法的晶粒生长方向平行时,如图4A所示,晶界对载流子的势垒作用最小化。因此,可以获得仅次于单晶硅特性的TFT特性,尽管这些特性大大地恶化,如图4B所示,因为很多担当载流子捕集器的晶界存在于工作沟道方向与晶粒生长方向相互垂直的地方。
很多情况下,当实际制备有源矩阵显示时,驱动器电路内的TFT通常具有90°角,其中可以通过以工作沟道区域的方向与晶粒生长方向成30°至60°角倾斜(以便在不显著恶化每个TFT的特性的同时,改善TFT之间的一致性)的方式,倾斜地制备有源矩阵显示,从而改善器件的一致性,如图4C所示。
然而,由于该方法也使用SLS结晶技术形成的有限大小晶粒,故工作沟道区域内包括了几个主晶界。所以,该方法对于要求等同于单晶硅的TFT特性的内嵌电路是不充分的,而且,不具有等同于能够控制工作沟道区域内包括的主晶界数的精确性。因此,依然存在TFT的不一致性。
                       发明内容
因此,本发明的目的是提供一种用于TFT的多晶硅薄膜,其能够确保在使用尺寸恒定且生长方向恒定并沿工作沟道方向调节的多晶硅晶粒于TFT衬底或有源矩阵显示器的全部或部分区域上制备TFT时,用具有相等工作沟道长度的双工作沟道或多工作沟道制备的TFT的特性,从而减少对载流子运动施加致命影响的晶界数目,进而同时改善TFT特性,并且使双沟道或多沟道的各个沟道中所包含的晶界数目同步,本发明的目的还在于提供一种采用该TFT多晶硅薄膜的显示器件。
本发明附加的目的和优点将在下文的描述中阐明,部分将通过描述变得明显,或者可以通过对本发明的实践了解。
本发明的上述及其它目的通过提供用于TFT的多晶硅薄膜实现,其中包含双沟道或多沟道的TFT的每个工作沟道之间的距离“S”具有如下述公式的关系:
[公式1]          S=m Gs·secθ-L
式中,Gs为多晶硅薄膜的晶粒尺寸,m为1或更大的整数,θ为倾斜角,即主晶界(“初级”晶界)沿垂直于工作沟道的方向倾斜的角度,L为每个具有双沟道或多沟道的TFT的工作沟道的长度,其中工作沟道内的晶界数目为两个或多个。
                       附图说明
通过结合附图对本发明的实施例进行详细描述,本发明的上述和其它目的、优点将会变得更加清晰并被理解,其中:
图1A是图解由单个工作沟道组成的TFT的横截面示意图,其中工作沟道长2L,晶粒大小为Gs;
图1B是图解由两个工作沟道组成的TFT的横截面示意图;
图2A是图解单个TFT的传统电路构造图;
图2B是图解由两个TFT组成的TFT的传统电路构造图,所述两个TFT在共用电极连接;
图3A和图3B是图解包括通过序贯横向凝固(SLS)结晶形成的大硅粒的传统工作沟道的横截面示意图;
图4A至图4C是图解包括通过SLS结晶形成的大硅粒的传统工作沟道的更多横截面示意图;
图5A至图5C是图解使用根据本发明的实施例,当θ=0°时给定的晶粒大小和工作沟道尺寸的单沟道TFT和双沟道TFT的横截面示意图;
图6A是图解单栅的横截面示意图,其中根据本发明的实施例,工作沟道长为2L;
图6B是图解根据本发明的实施例的双栅的横截面示意图;
图7是图解被用于计算本发明中定义的表达式1的双栅TFT的横截面示意图;
图8是图解根据本发明的实施例的双栅TFT的同步条件的横截面示意图;
图9A是图解θ=0°的情形下的单栅TFT的横截面示意图;以及
图9B是图解根据本发明的实施例的双栅TFT的横截面示意图。
                        具体实施方式
下面将详细地阐述本发明的实施方式,其实例图解于附图中,其中在全文中,同样的标号代表同样的元件。下面将参考附图说明本发明的实施方式。
由于晶粒的尺寸有限,所以晶界形成于相邻的晶粒之间。如果多晶硅的晶粒在制备用于有源矩阵显示器的TFT时直接或间接对TFT特性施加重要的影响,则可以扩大和调整多晶硅晶粒,以改善TFT特性。
存在于工作沟道区域中对TFT特性施加重要影响的晶界,特别是沿垂直于工作沟道方向的倾斜角为-45°≤θ≤45°的“初级”晶界,如图1A和图1B所示,因形成多晶硅薄膜时的处理精度的限制而包含不可避免的缺陷。此外,制备于衬底或显示器上的TFT工作沟道区域中所包括的“初级”晶界数目可以依据晶粒的大小和方向,以及工作沟道的尺寸而变化,如图4A至图4C所示。
可以在多晶硅形成器件生长的晶粒的尺寸不仅受到限制,这取决于根据等离子体增强的化学气相淀积(PECVD)、低压化学气相淀积(LPCVD)和溅射(sputtering)等方法所形成的无定形硅薄膜的特性或薄膜厚度,而且直接受到将无定形硅转化成结晶硅相的结晶技术的影响。
例如,利用激光能量如准分子激光器退火(excimer laser anneling)进行硅结晶时可以生长的最大晶粒尺寸取决于能量密度、脉冲持续时间、衬底电导率和衬底温度。
此外,在有源矩阵显示器中使用的TFT的工作沟道尺寸常常大于晶粒的尺寸。因此,在工作沟道区域内经常存在对TFT特性施加影响的主晶界,与使用单晶硅的TFT特性相比,使用多晶硅的TFT特性可以显著恶化,如图5A所示。
然而,如图5B所示,由于可以通过采用双栅极或多栅极形成具有2L长度的双沟道或多沟道来制备,从而减少每个沟道中所包含的主晶界数,所以可以改善TFT特性。
然而,在使用双栅极或多栅极制备TFT的情形下,每个工作沟道中所包含的主晶界数可以根据晶粒的大小以及工作沟道的尺寸而变化,如图5B所示,从而导致TFT特性的不一致性。
为解决这些问题,本发明提出,当双栅极或多栅极之间的距离是特别距离“S”的整数倍,更优选当双栅极或多栅极之间的距离与特别距离“S”相同时,可以使相邻工作沟道中所包含的主晶界数相等,从而获得相同的特性,如图5C所示。
在本发明中,“晶粒的大小”特指晶界之间的距离,并规定为在一般误差范围内的晶界间的距离。
在本发明中,如果源极/漏极(source/drain)方向的法线是NN′,那么与NN′形成-45°≤θ≤45°角θ的晶界可以对载流子的运动施加重大影响,并将这样的晶界定义为“主”晶界,如图6A和图6B所示。
对于长为L宽为W的工作沟道区域,垂直于“主”晶界方向上的距离,即工作沟道区域中的最大距离D可以通过简单的三角函数表示如下,如图7所示:
             D=(L+x)×cosθ,其中x=W tanθ。
因此,D=(L+W tanθ)×cosθ=L cosθ+W tanθ×cosθ,从而D=L cosθ+W sinθ,因为tanθ×cosθ=sinθ。即D可以表示为工作沟道区域的长度L和宽度W以及“主”晶界关于法线NN′的倾斜角θ的函数。
当θ=0°时,D不再是工作沟道区域宽度W和“主”晶界关于法线NN′的倾斜角θ的函数,因为D=L。
从图8可以容易看出,制备TFT以使两个工作沟道内的“主”晶界数相等的同步条件为D=a+b。
在图8中,如果从第一工作沟道区域上部的第一个“主”晶界到第二工作沟道区域上部的第一个“主”晶界间的距离为T,那么其可以表示为T=a+y+b=D+y,并且如果晶粒的大小为Gs,那么晶粒的长度T可以表示为T=m Gs,其中m是整数1或更大的整数。因此,如果通过取T相等,而求解y,那么下述公式y=m Gs-D适用,其中如果用于同步的双沟道间的距离“S”表示为S=s1+s2,如图8所示,则从简单的三角函数中可以看出s1=y secθ,且s2=W tanθ。因此,由于S=s1+s2=y secθ+W tanθ=(m Gs-D)secθ+W tanθ=m Gs secθ-D secθ+W tanθ,而D=L cosθ+W sinθ,所以S可以表示为S=m Gs secθ-L-W tanθ+W tanθ。
因此,在采用双栅极或多栅极的TFT中,使每个工作沟道中所包含的“主”晶界同步的沟道之间的距离S可以用下式表示:
[公式1]               S=mGs·secθ-L
式中,Gs是晶粒大小,m是1或更大的整数,θ是主晶界即“初级”晶界沿垂直于工作沟道方向的倾斜角,而L则是各包含双沟道或多沟道TFT的工作沟道的长度。
此外,距离S总是应该为S>0,所以距离S被定义为具有物理距离的双栅极或多栅极,因此,可以确定同步所需的m值。
对于θ=0°的情形,可以容易确定,当对TFT特性具有致命影响的“主”晶界垂直于载流子方向(即θ=0°)时,如图9A和图9B所示,比θ≠0°时的TFT特性更优越,因为垂直于“主”晶界的“次”晶界对TFT特性施加的影响减少了。此外,对于包括相等沟道长度的双栅极或多栅极的TFT而言,可以通过使每一个沟道区域所包含的“主”晶界数同步,获得一致性。
因此,在θ=0°的情形下,可以理解S=m Gs-L。
另一方面,当使用总沟道长度为2L且给定倾斜角θ和晶粒大小Gs的单栅极TFT制备双栅TFT时,可以得到使两个长均为L的工作沟道区域内所包含的“主”晶界数同步所需的沟道间的距离S,如下面表1所示。
每两个同步m值和S值是根据m值从小到大提供的。从表达式1和表1中可以看出,可以通过增加晶粒尺寸Gs至S值大小,以获得较大的S值。
表1
几率P是工作沟道区域内包括的取决于沟道长度L的晶界最大数Nmax,其中晶粒大小为Gs,角度为θ,而W=10μm。
  Θ   Gs(μm) L(μm)   m   S   Gs(μm) L(μm)   m   S   Gs(μm)   L(μm)   m   S
0.4 1   3   0.2 1.5 1   1   0.5 2.5 1   1   1.5
  4   0.6   2   2   2   4
2   6   0.4 2   2   1 2   1   0.5
  7   0.8   3   2.5   2   3
3   8   0.2 3   3   1.5 3   2   2
  9   0.6   4   3   3   4.5
4   11   0.4 4   3   0.5 4   2   1
  12   0.8   4   2   3   3.5
5   13   0.2 5   4   1 5   3   2.5
  14   0.6   5   2.5   4   5
0.4 1   3   0.089 1.5 1   1   0.389 2.5 1   1   1.389
  4   0.489   2   1.889   2   3.889
2   6   0.289 2   2   0.889 2   1   0.389
  7   0.689   3   2.389   2   2.889
3   8   0.089 3   3   1.389 3   2   1.889
  9   0.489   4   2.889   3   4.39
4   11   0.289 4   3   0.389 4   2   0.889
  12   0.689   4   1.87   3   3.39
5   13   0.09 5   4   0.89 5   3   2.39
  14   0.49   5   2.39   4   4.89
0.4 1   3   0.323 1.5 1   1   0.223 2.5 1   1   1.224
  4   0.723   2   1.724   2   3.725
2   6   0.124 2   2   0.724 2   1   0.224
  7   0.524   3   2.225   2   2.725
3   8   0.325 3   3   1.225 3   2   1.725
  9   0.725   4   2.726   3   4.226
4   11   0.125 4   3   0.226 4   2   0.726
  12   0.525   4   1.726   3   3.227
5   13   0.326 5   4   0.727 5   3   2.227
  14   0.727   5   2.227   4   4.728
在本发明中,在晶界的倾斜角为-5°≤θ≤5°的情况下,TFT特性更优越。
当使用两个或多个工作沟道长度相等的工作沟道制备TFT时,因为减少了对载流子施加致命影响的晶界数,所以,与使用多晶硅晶粒制备由一个工作沟道组成的TFT时相比,TFT特性可以变得更优越,其中所述多晶硅晶粒具有在TFT衬底和有源矩阵显示的整体区域或部分区域不变的大小,和不变而且被调整到工作沟道方向的生长方向。此外可以在使用本发明中定义的数字公式设计TFT时,通过使两个或多个工作沟道的中的每个沟道区域中包括的主晶界数同步,改善TFT的一致性。
尽管描述了本发明的几个实施例,但是本领域的技术人员应该理解,在不脱离本发明的原理和精神,及权利要求所限定的范围的情况下,可以对其进行各种修改。

Claims (14)

1.一种用于TFT的多晶硅薄膜,所述TFT工作沟道之间的距离为“S”,其包括:
满足下式关系的双沟道或多沟道:
                    S=mGs·secθ-L,
式中Gs为多晶硅薄膜的晶粒尺寸,m为1或更大的整数,θ为主晶界沿垂直于工作沟道的方向倾斜的角度,L为每个具有双沟道或多沟道的TFT的工作沟道的长度。
2.权利要求1的用于TFT的多晶硅薄膜,其中当θ为0°时,双沟道或多沟道之间的距离为“S”的整数倍。
3.权利要求2的用于TFT的多晶硅薄膜,其中当θ为0°时,双沟道或多沟道之间的距离与“S”相同。
4.权利要求1的用于TFT的多晶硅薄膜,其中该多晶硅薄膜形成于显示器件衬底的整个区域上或者显示器件衬底的部分区域上。
5.权利要求1的用于TFT的多晶硅薄膜,其中所述晶粒尺寸为0.2μm或更大。
6.权利要求1的用于TFT的多晶硅薄膜,其中两个或多个晶粒排列在TFT的衬底上。
7.权利要求1的用于TFT的多晶硅薄膜,其中所述主晶界的倾斜角为-45°≤θ≤45°。
8.权利要求7的用于TFT的多晶硅薄膜,其中所述主晶界的倾斜角为-5°≤θ≤5°。
9.权利要求1的用于TFT的多晶硅薄膜,其中所述工作沟道的长度为晶粒尺寸的整数倍。
10.权利要求1的用于TFT的多晶硅薄膜,其中工作沟道内的晶界数目为两个或多个。
11.权利要求1的用于TFT的多晶硅薄膜,其中所述晶粒定向生长。
12.权利要求1的用于TFT的多晶硅薄膜,其中所述多晶硅薄膜是利用选自等离子体增强的化学气相沉积,低压化学气相沉积以及准分子激光器退火溅射中的方法,通过结晶生长无定形硅而形成的。
13.一种具有TFT的显示器件,所述TFT是利用权利要求1的多晶薄膜制备的。
14.权利要求13的显示器件,其中该显示器件为液晶显示器件或有机电致发光装置。
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CN107430990A (zh) * 2015-03-11 2017-12-01 株式会社V技术 薄膜晶体管基板、显示面板以及激光退火方法
CN107430990B (zh) * 2015-03-11 2020-08-14 株式会社V技术 薄膜晶体管基板、显示面板以及激光退火方法

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JP4361740B2 (ja) 2009-11-11
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