CN1281034A - 制造高密度洗涤剂附聚物的方法 - Google Patents
制造高密度洗涤剂附聚物的方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1281034A CN1281034A CN00104965.8A CN00104965A CN1281034A CN 1281034 A CN1281034 A CN 1281034A CN 00104965 A CN00104965 A CN 00104965A CN 1281034 A CN1281034 A CN 1281034A
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- detergent
- surfactant paste
- surfactant
- agglomerate
- detergent agglomerate
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
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- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 94
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 63
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- -1 vitriol Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 16
- 235000019832 sodium triphosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910021653 sulphate ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K Citrate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 6
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- UNXRWKVEANCORM-UHFFFAOYSA-I triphosphate(5-) Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O UNXRWKVEANCORM-UHFFFAOYSA-I 0.000 claims description 6
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- FQENQNTWSFEDLI-UHFFFAOYSA-J sodium diphosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O FQENQNTWSFEDLI-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims description 5
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- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 18
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 16
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- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000012747 synergistic agent Substances 0.000 description 14
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 13
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000003945 anionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 8
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- 229920005646 polycarboxylate Polymers 0.000 description 8
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 7
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 7
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 7
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 241000282326 Felis catus Species 0.000 description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 6
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- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 6
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- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000003352 sequestering agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229930182556 Polyacetal Natural products 0.000 description 4
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 229910052728 basic metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000003818 basic metals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229920006324 polyoxymethylene Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 125000002768 hydroxyalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000002632 lipids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
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- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 235000013162 Cocos nucifera Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 244000060011 Cocos nucifera Species 0.000 description 2
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N Dextrotartaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 2
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- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical class CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical group OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000002252 acyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004996 alkyl benzenes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940077388 benzenesulfonate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000021523 carboxylation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006473 carboxylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001733 carboxylic acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007859 condensation product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000010685 fatty oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 2
- LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N itaconic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(=C)C(O)=O LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen Substances N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000273 nontronite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003890 succinate salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003760 tallow Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940095064 tartrate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000019818 tetrasodium diphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000008719 thickening Effects 0.000 description 2
- LDVVTQMJQSCDMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dihydroxypropan-2-yl formate Chemical compound OCC(CO)OC=O LDVVTQMJQSCDMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MXYOPVWZZKEAGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-phosphonoethylphosphonic acid Chemical class OP(=O)(O)C(C)P(O)(O)=O MXYOPVWZZKEAGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Borate Chemical compound [O-]B([O-])[O-] BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PVHBJLXFQGWIFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(C(O)CO)OCC(O)CO.[Na] Chemical compound C(C(O)CO)OCC(O)CO.[Na] PVHBJLXFQGWIFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N EDTA Chemical class OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004258 Ethoxyquin Substances 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SXKQTYJLWWQUKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.OB(O)O.OB(O)O.OB(O)O.OB(O)O Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.OB(O)O.OB(O)O.OB(O)O.OB(O)O SXKQTYJLWWQUKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000003140 Panax quinquefolius Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000005373 Panax quinquefolius Species 0.000 description 1
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101710194948 Protein phosphatase PhpP Proteins 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006243 acrylic copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000007933 aliphatic carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000272 alkali metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005466 alkylenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001118 alkylidene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003637 basic solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- CIJRTTBEBRCCDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane;2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid Chemical compound CCCC.OC(=O)C(O)C(O)C(O)=O CIJRTTBEBRCCDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- GTZCVFVGUGFEME-IWQZZHSRSA-N cis-aconitic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C\C(C(O)=O)=C\C(O)=O GTZCVFVGUGFEME-IWQZZHSRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HNEGQIOMVPPMNR-IHWYPQMZSA-N citraconic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(/C)=C\C(O)=O HNEGQIOMVPPMNR-IHWYPQMZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940018557 citraconic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003240 coconut oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019864 coconut oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- GSPKZYJPUDYKPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethoxy sulfate Chemical compound CCOOS(=O)(=O)OOCC GSPKZYJPUDYKPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-J diphosphate(4-) Chemical class [O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 239000003623 enhancer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004185 ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- DECIPOUIJURFOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethoxyquin Chemical compound N1C(C)(C)C=C(C)C2=CC(OCC)=CC=C21 DECIPOUIJURFOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940093500 ethoxyquin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019285 ethoxyquin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- HCPOCMMGKBZWSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 3-hydrazinyl-3-oxopropanoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC(=O)NN HCPOCMMGKBZWSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZJXZSIYSNXKHEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl dihydrogen phosphate Chemical class CCOP(O)(O)=O ZJXZSIYSNXKHEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002191 fatty alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 125000005908 glyceryl ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydridophosphorus(.) (triplet) Chemical compound [PH] BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001165 hydrophobic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052816 inorganic phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002563 ionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012204 lemonade/lime carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HNEGQIOMVPPMNR-NSCUHMNNSA-N mesaconic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(/C)=C/C(O)=O HNEGQIOMVPPMNR-NSCUHMNNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001723 mesolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HZVOZRGWRWCICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanediyl Chemical compound [CH2] HZVOZRGWRWCICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- JZMJDSHXVKJFKW-UHFFFAOYSA-M methyl sulfate(1-) Chemical compound COS([O-])(=O)=O JZMJDSHXVKJFKW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- HNEGQIOMVPPMNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylfumaric acid Natural products OC(=O)C(C)=CC(O)=O HNEGQIOMVPPMNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002829 nitrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- FATBGEAMYMYZAF-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleamide Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(N)=O FATBGEAMYMYZAF-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940113162 oleylamide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000962 organic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- MOOYVEVEDVVKGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxaldehydic acid;hydrate Chemical compound O.OC(=O)C=O MOOYVEVEDVVKGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KHPXUQMNIQBQEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L oxaloacetate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CC(=O)C([O-])=O KHPXUQMNIQBQEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- AUONHKJOIZSQGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxophosphane Chemical compound P=O AUONHKJOIZSQGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- HWGNBUXHKFFFIH-UHFFFAOYSA-I pentasodium;[oxido(phosphonatooxy)phosphoryl] phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O HWGNBUXHKFFFIH-UHFFFAOYSA-I 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- UEZVMMHDMIWARA-UHFFFAOYSA-M phosphonate Chemical compound [O-]P(=O)=O UEZVMMHDMIWARA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 150000003242 quaternary ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007127 saponification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940071207 sesquicarbonate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000017550 sodium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZDQYSKICYIVCPN-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium succinate (anhydrous) Chemical class [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)CCC([O-])=O ZDQYSKICYIVCPN-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000375 suspending agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ILJSQTXMGCGYMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N triacetic acid Chemical compound CC(=O)CC(=O)CC(O)=O ILJSQTXMGCGYMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D17/00—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties
- C11D17/06—Powder; Flakes; Free-flowing mixtures; Sheets
- C11D17/065—High-density particulate detergent compositions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
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Abstract
本发明提供一种制备高密度洗涤剂附聚物的方法,包括(a)形成一种粘稠的表面活性剂浆料;(b)通过先在一种高速混合器/增稠器中、继而在中速混合器/增稠器中处理上述表面活性剂浆料,以使之附聚;和(c)向高速混合器/增稠器中加入无水材料以吸收至少小量的水,从而使所说的洗涤剂附聚物成为可自由流动的并且具有至少约650克/升的密度。
Description
本申请是申请号为94193606.6、申请日为1994年8月9日、题为“制造高密度洗涤剂附聚物的方法”的专利申请的分案申请。
本申请是1993年8月27日提出申请、现已被允许的专利申请系列编号08/113,572的部分继续申请。
本发明一般地涉及一种生产洗涤剂附聚物的方法。更具体地说,本发明是针对一种用无水材料来伸出高密度洗涤剂附聚物的方法,这种无水材料是可水合的,它能吸附充分数量的水从而使附聚作用变得容易。这种方法生产出自由流动的、高表面活性剂含量的洗涤剂附聚物,其密度至少为650克/立升,因而在生产低用量洗涤剂组合物时特别有用。
近来,在洗涤剂工业中对于“紧密”型洗衣用洗涤剂、即只需用小剂量的洗涤剂有很大的兴趣。为使这种所谓低用量洗涤剂的生产变得容易,已做出许多努力来生产高堆积密度的洗涤剂,例如密度为600克/立升或更高的洗涤剂。对低用量洗涤剂明确有很高需求,因为它们保护资源并能以小包装出售,这对消费者更方便,尤其是对于储存空间非常宝贵的家庭。
一般,有两种主要类别的工艺来制备洗涤剂颗粒或粉末。第一类工艺是在喷雾干燥塔中把水溶液洗涤剂浆料喷雾干燥以生产高孔隙性的洗涤剂颗粒。在第二类工艺中,各种洗涤剂组分恰在用粘接剂、诸如一种非离子性表面活性剂附聚前被干燥混合。在后一种工艺中、在附聚作用之前,原料洗涤剂材料要被混合在一起,从而在生产均一的、自由流动的、具有要求的高密度的洗涤剂附聚物时会遇到困难,特别是当存在高含量的粘接剂、例如大约10%或更高时。
这种工艺可用含有无水材料诸如碳酸盐和硫酸盐的洗涤剂组合物的专利公开内容来完善。例如,Kamins Ky在(共同转让的)美国专利No.4,487,710中公开了一种含有一种阴离子表面活性剂、一种无水材料诸如碳酸盐和硫酸盐、以及一种乙氧化的表面活性剂助溶剂的颗粒状洗涤剂组合物。虽然洗涤组合物是通过附聚作用生产的,但它不是由粘稠的、典型地含有高的含水量,例如10%或更高的含水量的表面活性剂浆料来生产的。过去,在由这类已被附聚的表面活性剂浆料生产自由流动的洗涤剂附聚物时曾经遇到过困难。
此外,在使得到的洗涤剂附聚物具有高的表面活性剂含量。从而使生产低用量洗涤剂变得容易方面也曾遇到过困难。更具体地说,用通常的喷雾干燥技术生产的颗粒密度的任何增加都由于所需要的通过喷雾干燥塔的表面活性剂的量而受到限制。通过提供一种具有高表面活性剂含量的洗涤剂附聚混合物,可减少通过喷雾干燥塔的量,从而增加生产的颗粒的密度并最终得到完善的洗涤剂。于是,需要有一种方法来生产具有更高表面活性剂含量的洗涤剂附聚物。
这种工艺也可以用这样的附聚洗涤剂组合物的专利公开内容来完善,即组合物中有一些包含有无水材料。例如,Curtis在欧洲专利申请No.451,894(Unilever)中公开了一种通过依次使用两种混合器来制备高密度洗涤剂颗粒的方法。具体地说,一种原料洗涤剂材料的混合物先进料到一种高速混合器/增稠器中、然后再把材料进料到一种中速混合器/增稠器中处理,以进一步增加堆积密度。这样,Curtis先需要一种高速混合器/增稠器来粉碎洗涤剂颗粒,然后用第二种中速混合器/增稠器来增加密度使达到所需的水平。再有,Curtis的方法并不需要附聚粘稠的表面活性剂浆料。
按此,虽然有本领域的上述公开内容,仍然需要有一种方法,它能在别的原料洗涤剂组分中从粘稠的表面活性剂浆料生产出其密度至少为650克/立升的高密度洗涤剂附聚物。同时也需要为这种方法而生产具有高表面活性剂含量的洗涤剂附聚物,来支持生产低用量洗涤剂及为此的掺料。
本发明通过提供一种方法而满足本领域的上述需要,该方法能有高粘稠性的表面活性剂浆料生产出其密度至少为650克/立升的高密度、自由流动的洗涤剂附聚物。本方法在达成所需的高密度、自由流动的洗涤剂附聚物时无需不必要的工艺参数,诸如会增加制造费用的相对高的操作温度。用本发明生产得到的高密度洗涤剂附聚物同时也具有高的表面活性剂含量,这能便于它用作洗涤剂或作为洗涤剂的掺料。
这里所用的术语“附聚物”是指通过附聚洗涤剂颗粒或粒子而形成的粒子,前者典型地具有比形成的附聚物更小的平均颗粒大小。这里所用的短语“至少较小量”的水意指足以帮助附聚作用的量,典型地是所有原料组分的混合物中所含总的水量的0.5%至大约10%重量百分数左右。这里所用的百分数除非特别指明,都用“重量百分数”来表述。所有这里描述的粘度都是在70℃以及大约10至50秒-1、最好是25秒-1的剪切速率下测量的。
按照本发明的一个方面,是提供了一种制备高密度洗涤剂附聚物的方法。这种制备高密度洗涤剂附聚物的方法包括下列步骤:(a)把一种粘稠的表面活性剂浆料装入混合器/增稠器中,所说的表面活性剂浆料具有5,000cps至100,000cps的粘度并含有基于所说的表面活性剂浆料计算为70%至95%重量百分数洗涤用的表面活性剂以及余量的水;(b)恰好在把表面活性剂浆料装入混合器/增稠器之前往其中加入1%至70%重量百分数的选自碳酸盐、硫酸盐、碳酸盐/硫酸盐复合物、三聚磷酸盐、焦磷酸四钠盐、柠檬酸盐、铝硅酸盐、基于纤维素的材料和有机合成聚合吸附剂胶凝材料的无水材料,以便从所说的表面活性剂浆料中吸附至少较小量的所说的水;(c)通过先在一种高速混合器/增稠器中、继而在中速的混合器/增稠器中处理所说的表面活性剂浆料和所说的无水材料,使所说的表面活性剂浆料和所说的无水材料附聚而形成其密度至少为650克/立升的洗涤剂附聚物。
按照本发明的另一个方面,是提供了另外一种制备高密度洗涤剂附聚物的方法。这方法包括下列步骤:(a)形成一种粘稠的表面活性剂浆料,其中所说的表面活性剂浆料具有大约5,000cps至大约100,000cps的粘度,并且含有基于所说的表面活性剂浆料计算为大约70%至95%重量百分数的洗涤用表面活性剂以及余量的水;(b)通过先在一种高速混合器/增稠器中、既而在中速混合器/增稠器中处理所说的表面活性剂浆料,使所说的表面活性剂浆料附聚而形成洗涤剂附聚物;(c)往所说的高速混合器/增稠器中加入大约1%至大约70%重量百分数的选自碳酸盐、硫酸盐、碳酸盐/硫酸盐复合物、三聚磷酸盐、焦磷酸四钠盐、柠檬酸盐、铝硅酸盐、基于纤维素的材料和有机合成的聚合吸附剂胶凝材料的无水材料,以吸收至少小量的所说的水,从而使所说的洗涤剂附聚物成为可自由流动的并且具有至少大约650克/立升的密度。
按此,本发明的一个目的是提供一种生产出其目的至少为650克/立升的高密度、自由流动的洗涤剂附聚物。本发明还有一个目的是提供一种能从粘稠的表面活性剂浆料和别的通常的洗涤剂原料组分生产这类高密度附聚物的方法,其中的附聚物含有更高的表面活性剂含量。对于本领域内的技术人员,通过阅读下面的经优选的实施方案和所附的权利要求的详尽说明,本发明的这些以及别的目的、特色和伴随的益处是很明显的。
本发明是针对一种生产自由流动的、其密度至少为650克/立升的高密度洗涤剂附聚物的方法。这种方法从高粘稠性的、具有相对较高的含水量、典型地至少为大约5%的表面活性剂浆料,通过往其中加入无水材料来吸收这些水而生产出高密度的洗涤剂附聚物。据信至少这些表面活性剂中过量的水防碍了附聚作用。一般,本发明方法是用来生产低用量洗涤剂,这样得到的洗涤剂附聚物可用作洗涤剂或作为洗涤剂的添加剂。具体地说,这种方法可用来生成“高活性”(即高表面活性剂含量)的洗涤剂附聚物,它被用作其目的为增强颗粒状低用量洗涤剂的活性水平的掺料从而允许形成更紧密的洗涤剂。应该理解这里所描述的方法根据所需的应用情况既可以是连续性地,也可以是间歇性地操作。
在方法的第一步中,是把原料洗涤剂材料进料到一种为发生附聚作用的混合器/增稠器中。在下面将更充分讨论的本发明的另一种实施方案中,可在附聚作用之前把原料洗涤剂材料首先进料到混合器或预混合器中(例如通常的螺杆挤出机或其他类似的混合器),其后再把已混合的洗涤剂材料进料到这里所描述的混合器/增稠器中进行附聚。这里所描述的无水材料既可加在挤出机(预混合器)中,也可在附聚步骤过程中加入混合器/增稠器中。
为达到所需的650克/立升的密度,可把附聚步骤先在一种高速混合器/增稠器中,其后接着在一种中速混合器/增稠器中进行,其中原料洗涤剂材料即被附聚和增稠而生产出其密度至少为650克/立升、更优选地是大约700克/立升至大约800克/立升的颗粒。进入的或原料洗涤剂材料的性质和组成可象下文所详尽描述的那样变化。最好是,原料洗涤剂材料在高速混合器/增稠器(例如LodigeRecycler CB 30型)中的平均停留时间为大约1至30秒,而在低速或中速混合器/增稠器(例如Lodige Recycler KM 300“P1oughshare”型)中的停留时间为大约0.25至10分钟。供选择地,本发明的附聚步骤也可考虑在单一的一种中速混合器/增稠器中进行附聚以达到所需的原料洗涤剂材料的密度,这时应增加停留时间到,例如,大约15分钟。
原料洗涤剂材料中最好是包括一种高粘稠性的表面活性剂浆料,它的组分将在下文中更充分地描述。为使附聚作用容易进行,可恰在附聚作用之前或在附聚作用进行过程中往包含这种粘稠性表面活性剂浆料的原料洗涤剂材料中加入无水材料。过去,具有粘度为大约5,000cps至大约100,000cps并含有至少大约5%水的大量粘稠性表面活性剂浆料的附聚作用曾导致生成不可接受地大的胶粘和结块的洗涤剂附聚物。现已发现,恰在附聚作用之前或在附聚过程中,包含上述无水材料可以消除或大大减少这类问题。
本发明方法需要往混合器/增稠器中混合大约1%至大约70%、更优选地是大约5%至大约50%、最优选地是大约5%至大约20%重量百分数的一种无水材料,以便从表面活性剂浆料中吸收至少小量的水。其后,表面活性剂浆料,无水材料和其它洗涤剂材料即在混合器/增稠器中被附聚而消除其密度至少为大约650克/立升的洗涤剂附聚物。如果不想被理论所限制,则相信通过本发明方法所产生的这种自由流动的高密度洗涤剂附聚物应归因于在附聚作用发生过程中或恰在附聚作用之前加入的无水材料吸附了典型地包含在粘稠表面活性剂浆料中的过量的水。
如前所述,无水材料可在附聚作用之前加到原材料洗涤剂材料中。具体地说,这种方法包括先形成粘稠性表面活性剂浆料的步骤,然后如下文所述再往其中加入其它洗涤剂材料。这可通过,例如,在一种双螺杆挤出机中来完成(停留时间5秒至300秒),以保证原料充分的完全混合并提供充分的停留时间来完成脱水作用。然后在挤出机中把无水材料混入表面活性剂浆料中,此后立即并连续地把从挤出机出来的材料进料到混合器/增稠器中进行附聚。得到的洗涤剂附聚物是自由流动的,具有高的表面活性剂含量以及所需的高密度。
用这种方法生产的洗涤剂附聚物最好是具有大约25%至大约55%、更优选是大约35%至大约55%、最好是大约45%至大约55%的表面活性剂含量。这样的洗涤剂附聚物在生产低用量洗涤剂时特别有用。按照本发明方法生产得到的洗涤剂附聚物的颗粒孔隙度最好是在大约5%至大约20%范围内,更优选地是在大约10%。此外,稠密的或增稠的附聚物的一种属性是相对颗粒大小。本发明方法典型地可提供具有平均颗粒大小为大约400微米至大约700微米、更优选地是大约400微米至大约600微米的洗涤剂附聚物。象这里使用的术语“平均颗粒大小”是指各别的附聚物而不是指各别的颗粒或洗涤剂颗粒。上述孔隙度和颗粒大小两种属性结合起来就导致具有密度值为650克/立升或更高的附聚物。这一特色在生产低用量洗衣用洗涤剂以及其它颗粒状组合物诸如洗碟用组合物时是特别有用的。
本方法可包括把一种别的粘接剂喷雾到用于附聚一步的混合器/增稠器中的步骤,以便使生产所需的洗涤剂附聚物变得容易。加入一种粘接剂是为了通过给洗涤剂组分提供“粘接”或“粘稠”剂来增强附聚作用。粘接剂最好是选自水、阴离子表面活性剂、非离子表面活性剂、聚乙二醇、聚丙烯酸酯、柠檬酸以及它们的混合物。其它合适的粘接剂材料包括已被列举在Beerse等人的美国专利No.5,108,646(Procter & Gamble Co.)中的那些,它的公开内容在此引入作为参考。
本发明方法考虑的其它供选择的步骤包括:在洗涤剂附聚物从用于附聚一步的混合器/增稠器出来之后,通过干燥或者加入一种涂饰剂改进其可流动性来调节它们。这样可进一步增强洗涤剂附聚物周作添加剂或把它们做成可航运的或可包装的形式的条件。本领域的技术人员应理解有许多方法可被用来干燥和冷却生产出来的洗涤剂附聚物而无需偏离本发明的范围。例如,诸如流化床这样的装置可被用来干燥,而如果需要,气提器则可被用来冷却。
用于本发明方法的无水材料的用量为大约1%至大约70%,更优选地是大约5%至大约50%,最优选地是大约5%至大约20%。这里所用的术语“无水材料”是指任何一种能很快吸收水分的可水合的材料。最好是,无水材料是选自碳酸盐、磷酸盐、碳酸盐/硫酸盐复合物以及它们的混合物。同样不被限制的还有别的合适的无水材料,包括粉状的三聚磷酸盐、粉状的焦磷酸四钠、柠檬酸盐、粉状的碳酸盐诸如碳酸钙、粉状的硫酸盐以及它们的混合物。此外,已在Corkill等人的美国专利No.4,605,509(Procter & Gamble)公开的铝硅酸盐,它典型地已被过干,在这里也是适用的,该这里的公开内容已在此引入作为参考。还有,无水材料可选自吸附剂凝胶材料、基于纤维素的材料以及它们的结合。合适的吸附剂凝胶材料已在Brandt等人的美国专利重新分布编号(共同转让的)No.32,649中被公开,它的公开内容已在此引入作为参考。合适的基于纤维素的材料已在Herron的美国专利No.5,183,707以及Herron等人的美国专利No.5,137,537中被公开,它的公开内容已在此引入作为参考。最优选的是,已经发现硫酸镁在这里所描述的方法中是有效的。
用于本方法的粘稠性表面活性剂浆料具有大约5,000cps至大约100,000cps、更优选地是大约7,500cps至大约75,000cps的粘度,并含有至少大约5%的水,更有效地是至少大约10%或更多的水。如前面已经叙述过的,粘度是在70℃以及剪切速率为大约10至50秒-1、更好是25秒-1的条件下测量的。此外,表面活性剂含有大约70%至大约95%、更优选地是大约75%至大约85%的洗涤用表面活性剂以及余量的水和别的通常的洗涤剂组分。
这种表面活性剂可以选自阴离子的、非离子的、两性离子的、两性的和阳离子等类别以及它们的可相容的混合物。在这里有用的洗涤剂用的表面活性剂以在1972年5月23日发布的Norris的美国专利3,664,961和1975年12月30日发布的Laughlin等人的美国专利3,919,678中被描述过,这两项专利已在此引入作为参考。有用的阳离子表面活性剂也包括那些在1980年9月16日发布的Cockrell的美国专利4,222,905和1980年12月16日发布的Murphy的美国专利4,239,659中所描述过的,这两项专利已在此引入作为参考。在表面活性剂中,阴离子的和非离子的是优选的,而阴离子的是最优选的。
下面是在本发明的表面活性剂浆料中有用的洗涤剂用表面活性剂的有代表性的实例。较高级的脂肪酸的水溶性盐类,即“肥皂”,是这里的组合物中有用的阴离子表面活性剂。这包括含有大约8至大约24个碳原子、最好是大约12至大约18个碳原子的较高级脂肪酸的碱金属肥皂转让钠、钾、铵和烷醇铵盐。肥皂可通过把脂肪或油直接皂化或通过中和游离的脂肪酸来制造。特别有用的是由椰子油和动物脂肪衍生的脂肪酸混合物的钠盐和钾盐,即钠和钾的动物脂肪和椰油肥皂。
适宜于在这里适宜的其它阴离子表面活性剂包括有机磺酸反应产物的水溶性盐,最好是碱金属盐、铵盐和烷醇铵盐,在上述有机物的分子结构中有包含大约10至大约20个碳原子的烷基以及一个磺酸基或硫酸酯基(术语“烷基”是指酰基中的烷基部分)。这类合成表面活性剂的实例有烷基硫酸的钠盐和钾盐,特别是那些通过硫酸化较高级的醇(C8-18碳原子)、诸如还原脂油或椰油的甘油酯产生的醇而制得的烷基硫酸盐;以及烷基苯磺酸的钠盐和钾盐,其中的烷基含有大约9至大约15个碳原子,可以是直链式或支链的构型,例如那些在美国专利2,220,099和2,477,383中所描述的类型。特别有价值的是线型直链烷基苯磺酸盐,其中烷基所含碳原子的平均数为大约11至13,简写作C11-13LAS。
在这里适用的其它阴离子表面活性剂有烷基甘油醚磺酸钠,特别是那些由脂油和椰子油衍生的较高级醇形成的醚;椰子油脂肪酸单甘油酯磺酸钠和硫酸钠;每分子环氧乙烷并且烷基部分含有大约8至大约12个碳原子的钠盐或钾盐;以及每分子含有大约1至大约10单元环氧乙烷、并且其中的烷基含有大约10至大约20个碳原子的烷基环氧乙烷醚硫酸的钠盐或钾盐。
此外,合适的阴离子表面活性剂还包括那些在其脂肪酸基部分含有大约6至20个碳原子、在其酯基部分含有1至10个碳原子的α-磺酸化的脂肪酸酯的水溶性盐;在其酰基部分含有大约2至9个碳原子、在其烷基部分含有大约9至大约23个碳原子的2-酰氧烷基-1-磺酸的水溶性盐;含有大约12至20个碳原子的烯属和烷属磺酸的水溶性盐;以及在其烷基部分含有大约1至3个碳原子、在其烷烃部分含有大约8至20个碳原子的β-烷氧基烷磺酸盐。
经优选的阴离子表面活性剂是C10-18线型烷基苯磺酸盐和C10-18烷基硫酸盐。如果需要,低温度(小于大约25%的水)的烷基硫酸盐浆料可作为表面活性剂浆料中的唯一组分。最优选的是C10-18烷基硫酸盐,其中的烷基可以是线型或支链的,并且可以是伯、仲或叔的。本发明的一个经优选的实施方案是其中的表面活性剂浆料含有大约20%至大约40%的C10-13线型烷基苯磺酸钠和C12-16烷基硫酸钠的混合物,二者的重量比率为大约2∶1至大约1∶2。另一个经优选的洗涤剂组合物的实施方案包括C10-18烷基硫酸盐和C10-18烷基乙氧基硫酸盐的混合物,二者的重量比为大约80∶20。
水溶性的非离子表面活性剂在本发明中也是有用的。这类非离子材料包括通过缩合亚烷基氧化物(性质上是亲水性的)与一种有机憎水性化合物、后者在性质是是脂肪的或烷基芳香性的所产生的化合物。与任何特定的憎水基缩合的聚氧亚烷基的长度可被容易地调节,以便产生具有所需程度的亲水和憎水元素间平衡的水溶性化合物。
合适的非离子表面活性剂包括烷基酚的聚环氧乙烷缩合产物,例如,其烷基含有大约6至15个碳原子,具有直链或支链构型的烷基酚与每摩尔烷基酚计为大约3至12摩尔环氧乙烷缩合所形成的产物。也包括含有8至22个碳原子、具有直链或支链构型的脂肪醇与按每摩尔醇计为3至12摩尔环氧乙烷缩合所形成的水溶性的或可在水中分散的缩合产物。
另一类在此适用的非离子性化合物是半极性的非离子表面活性剂,它包括水溶性的胺氧化物,其中包含一个由大约10至18个碳原子所组成的烷基部分和两个选自由大约1至3个碳原子组成的烷基和羟基烷基部分;水溶性的膦氧化物,其中包含一个由大约10至18个碳原子所组成的烷基部分和两个选自由大约1至3个碳原子组成的烷基和羟基烷基部分;以及水溶性的砜类,它包括一个由大约10至18个碳原子组成的烷基部分和一个选自由有大约1至3个碳原子组成的烷基和羟基烷基部分。
经优选的非离子表面活性剂具有式子R1(OC2H4)nOH,其中R1是一个C10-16烷基或一个C8-12烷基苯基,n值为3至对于80。特别优选的是C12-15醇与按每摩尔醇计为大约5至大约20摩尔环氧乙烷缩合形成的产物,例如C12-13醇与按每摩尔醇计为大约6.5摩尔环氧乙烷缩合的产物。
另外一类合适的非离子型表面活性剂包括具有下式的多羟基脂肪酸酰胺:其中R是一个C9-17烷基或烯基,R1是一个甲基,Z是由一种还原糖或它的烷氧化衍生物所衍生的糖醇基。实例有N-甲基-N-1-去氧葡糖醇基椰油酰胺和N-甲基-N-1-去氧葡糖醇基油酰胺。制造多羟基脂肪酸酰胺的方法是已知的,可见于Wilson的美国专利No.2,965,576和Schwartz的美国专利No.2,703,798中,它们的公开内容已在此引入作为参考。
两性的表面活性剂包括脂肪族衍生物或杂环仲胺和叔胺的脂肪族衍生物,其中的脂肪部分可以是直链或支链的,并且其中脂肪族取代基中的一个含有大约8至18个碳原子,并且至少有一个脂肪族取代基中含有一个阴离子水溶性基因。
两性离子表面活性剂包括脂肪族的季铵盐、効盐和锍盐化合物,其中脂肪族取代基中的一个含有8至18个碳原子。
阳离子表面活性剂也可被包括在本发明中。阳离子表面活性剂包括各种类别的化合物,其特征为阳离子中有一个或多个有机憎水基团,并且一般是通过季氮与酸根缔合。五价的氮环化合物也被认为是季氮化合物。适当的阴离子有卤化物、甲基硫酸根和氢氧化物。叔胺在PH值小于大约8.5的洗涤溶液中可以具有类似与阳离子表面活性剂的特性。这些以及其它在此有用的阳离子表面活性剂的更完全的公开内容可见于Cambre在1980年10月14日发布的美国专利4,228,044中,它已被在此引入作为参考。
阳离子表面活性剂也常用于洗涤剂组合物中,以提供织物柔软和/或抗静电方面的好处。能提供一些柔软益处并且在此是优选的抗静电剂有Baskerville,Jr.等人1976年2月3日发布的美国专利3,936,537中所描述的季铵盐,它的公开内容已在此引入作为参考。
本发明方法的原料洗涤剂成分可以,并且最好是,也含有一种洗涤剂增效剂。增效剂一般是选自各种水溶性的碱金属、铵或取代的铵的磷酸盐、聚磷酸盐、膦酸盐、聚膦酸盐、碳酸盐、硅酸盐、硼酸盐、多羟基磺酸盐、聚醋酸盐、羧酸盐、和聚羧酸盐。优选的是上述碱金属盐,特别是钠盐。在这里优选使用的是磷酸盐、碳酸盐、硅酸盐、C10-18脂肪酸盐、聚羧酸盐以及它们的混合物。更优选的是三聚磷酸钠、焦磷酸四钠、柠檬酸盐、酒石酸一和二丁二酸酯的盐、硅酸钠以及它们的混合物(参看下面)。
具体的无机磷酸盐增效剂的实例有钠和钾的三聚磷酸盐、焦磷酸盐、具有大约6至21聚合度的聚偏磷酸盐乙基正磷酸盐。聚膦酸盐增效剂的实例有钠和钾的亚乙基二膦酸盐、钠和钾的乙烷-1-羟基-1,1-二膦酸盐乙基钠和钾的乙烷-1,1,2-三膦酸盐。其它含磷增效剂化合物已在美国专利3,159,581;3,213,030;3,422,021;3,422,137;3,400,176和3,400,148中被公开,所有这些专利均在此引入作为参考。
不含磷的无机增效剂的实例有钠和钾的碳酸盐、碳酸氢盐、倍半碳酸盐、四硼酸盐十水合物、以及具有SiO2对碱金属氧化物的重量比率为大约0.5至大约4.0、最好是大约1.0至大约2.4的硅酸盐。在此有用的水溶性的不含磷的有机增效剂包括各种碱金属、铵和取代的铵的聚醋酸盐、羧酸盐、聚羧酸盐以及多羟基磺酸盐。聚醋酸盐和聚羧酸盐增效剂的实例有钠、钾、锂、铵和取代铵的乙二胺四醋酸盐、此氮基三醋酸盐、氧代丁二酸盐、苯六甲酸盐、苯聚羧酸盐和柠檬酸盐。
聚合的聚羧酸盐增效剂已在Diehl于1967年3月7日申请的美国专利3,308,067中被宣布,它的公开内容已在此引入作为参考。这类材料包括脂肪族羧酸诸如马来酸、衣康酸、中康酸、富马酸、乌头酸、柠康酸以及亚甲基丙二酸的均聚和共聚物的水溶性盐。这些材料中有些可用作如下文所述的水溶性的阴离子聚合物,但只有当在与非肥皂的阴离子表面活性剂的紧密掺合物中才能使用。
其它在此使用的合适的聚羧酸盐有1979年3月13日转让给Crutchfield等人的美国专利4,144,226和1979年3月27日转让给Crutchfield等人的美国专利4,246,495中所描述的聚缩醛羧酸盐,这两项专利均在此引入作为参考。这些聚缩醛羧酸盐可通过在聚合条件下把二羟乙酸的一种酯和一种聚合引发剂在一起反应而制得。得到的聚缩醛羧酸酯再被连接到化学性质稳定的终端基团上以使聚缩醛羧酸酯对于在碱性溶液中的迅速解聚具有稳定性,然后转化为相应的盐并加到洗涤剂组合物中去。特别优选的聚羧酸盐增效剂有醚羧酸盐增效剂组合物,它包括酒石酸单丁二酸酯盐和酒石酸二丁二酸酯盐的结合,如1987年5月5日Bush等人发布的美国专利4,663,071中所述,它的公开内容已在此引入作为参考。
用化学式SiO2·M2O代表的水溶性硅酸盐固体,其中M是一种碱金属,并且SiO2∶M2O的重量比率为大约0.5至大约4,也是本发明洗涤剂颗粒中有用的盐类,它的含量按无水的重量计算为大约2%至大约15%,优选地是大约3%至大约8%。也可使用无水或水合的粒状硅酸盐。
在本发明方法中的原料或进料中的洗涤剂组分也可包括一些其它成分。这包括其它的洗涤用增效剂、漂白剂、漂白活化剂、泡沫促进剂或抑泡剂、抗晦暗剂和抗腐蚀剂、污垢悬浮剂、污垢释放剂、杀菌剂、PH调节剂、非增效剂碱性源、螯合剂、绿脱石粘土、酶、酶稳定剂和香料。可参看1976年2月3日转让给Baskerville,Jr.等人的美国专利3,936,537,它已在此引入作为参考。
漂白剂和活化剂已在Chung等人1983年11月1日发布的美国专利4,412,934和1984年11月20日Hartman发布的美国专利4,483,781中被描述,这两项专利均已在此引入作为参考。螯合剂也已在Bush等人发布的美国专利4,663,071中第17栏第54行至第18栏第68行描述过,在此引入作为参考。泡沫调节剂也是可供选择的成分,并已在1976年1月20日转让给Bartoletta等人的美国专利3,933,672中以及1979年1月23日转让给Gault等人的美国专利4,136,045中被描述过,两项专利均在此引入作为参考。
在这里使用的合适的绿脱石粘土已在Tucker等人1988年8月9日发布的美国专利4,762,645中第6栏第3行至第7栏第24行所描述,在此引入作为参考。在这里使用的合适的其它洗涤用增效剂已被列举在Baskerville专利中的第13栏第54行至第16栏第16行,以及Bush等人于1987年5月5日发布的美国专利4,663,071中,这两项专利均在此引入作为参考。
为使本发明更容易被理解,可参看下面的实例,它只是用来解释本发明而不是用来限制本发明的范围的。
实例1
本实例解释了可产生自由流动的、高密度的洗涤剂附聚物的本发明的方法。下文描述的是本发明的间歇式操作。开始,把一种表面活性剂浆料、马来酸与丙烯酸共聚物的钠盐(10%重量百分数,下文中即称之为“共聚物”)、无水材料(硫酸镁)以及含有32%重量百分数乙二胺-N,N-二丁二酸钠盐的水溶液(下文中称为“螯合剂”)加到实验室规模的行星式混合器中。表面活性剂浆料含有一种水溶液浆料组合物,它是由78%重量百分数按80∶20比率组成的C12-15烷基硫酸盐和C13-15烷基乙氧基硫酸盐以及20%的水所组成的。再把200克由沸石A和碳酸钠按1∶1重量比例组成的增效剂化合物(下文中称之为“增效剂”)(90%重量百分数)加到实验室规模的高剪切力混合器(BraunTM型号)中。此后,连续地以500克/分的速率往高剪切力混合器/增稠器中加入表面活性剂浆料(在50℃),直到附聚物产生为止。得到的洗涤剂附聚物的密度范围为大约700至750克/立升,平均颗粒大小在大约400至大约600微米之间。
按照上述方法制备了组合物A、B、C、D、E和F,并且代表在高剪切力混合器中沸石附聚作用之前各原料成分的组成,它的相对比率列于表Ⅰ中:
表Ⅰ重量%
A 5 C D E F表面活性剂浆料 71 68 64 95 90 85共聚物 17 16 15 - - -螯合剂 7 6 6 - - -无水材料(MgSO4) 5 10 15 5 10 15
100 100 100 100 100 100
在高剪切力混合器中发生附聚作用以后,即产生对每种组成A-F的最终洗涤剂附聚物。在混合器中停留1分钟和5分钟时得到的洗涤剂附聚物组合物A-F中的表面活性剂的量(“活性”)列于下表Ⅱ中:
表Ⅱ
表面活性剂含量(重量%)停留时间 A B C D E F1分钟 35% 39% 42% 41% 43% 44%5分钟 37% 41% 44% 43% 45% 46%
从表Ⅱ可以看出,增加在行星式混合器中的停留时间可以增加最终洗涤剂附聚物中的表面活性剂含量,这在生成低用量洗涤剂时是一种特别有用的特性。
实例Ⅱ
本实例提供一种与实例Ⅰ的对比,并证实用本发明范围以外的方法生成的洗涤剂附聚物只有较低的表面活性剂含量。在制备本实例中的洗涤剂附聚物的方法中不包括加入一种无水材料的步骤。在组合物G中,只把表面活性剂浆料(在50℃,以500克/分的速率)加到含有200克增效剂混合物的高剪切力混合器中。在组合物H中,是把表面活性剂浆料、共聚物以及螯合剂像实例Ⅰ中所描述的那样加入到高剪切力混合器中。加到高剪切力混合器中的组合物G和H的成分的比例列于下表Ⅲ中:表Ⅲ重量%
G H表面活性剂浆料 100 75共聚物 - 18螯合剂 - 7
100 100表面活性剂含量 40% 35%
起始组合物G和H像实例Ⅰ中所描述的那样在高剪切力混合器中被附聚并形成密度为700至750克/立升、平均颗粒大小在400至600微米之间的附聚物。如表Ⅲ中所列出的,得到的洗涤剂附聚物所含表面活性剂的含量对于组合物G和H分别为40%和35%。这一含量被认为大大低于按照实例Ⅰ本发明方法所制得的洗涤剂附聚物的表面活性剂含量。按此,恰好在附聚作用之前包合进无水材料有效地增加了得到的洗涤剂附聚物中表面活性剂的含量(实例Ⅰ),而省略加入无水材料这一步骤,如本实例Ⅱ所描述的那样,就将使最终洗涤剂附聚物中不能产生所需的较高的表面活性剂含量。
在这样详尽地描述了本发明以后,本领域的技术人员可明显地看出在无需偏离本发明范围的条件下还可以作出种种变化,而本发明不应该认为是周来限制说明书中描述的内容。
Claims (5)
1.一种制备高密度洗涤剂附聚物的方法,它包括以下步骤:
(a)形成一种粘稠的表面活性剂浆料,其中所说的表面活性剂浆料具有大约5,000cps至大约100,000cps的粘度,并且含有基于所说的表面活性剂浆料计算,为大约70%至95%(重量)的洗涤用表面活性剂以及余量的水;
(b)通过先在一种高速混合器/增稠器中、继而在中速混合器/增稠器中处理所说的表面活性剂浆料,使所说的表面活性剂浆料附聚而形成洗涤剂附聚物;
(c)往所说的高速混合器/增稠器中加入大约1%至大约70%(重量)的选自碳酸盐、硫酸盐、碳酸盐、硫酸盐复合物、三聚磷酸盐、焦磷酸四钠盐、柠檬酸盐、铝硅酸盐、基于纤维素的材料和有机合成的聚合吸附剂胶凝材料的无水材料,以吸收至少小量所说的水,从而使所说的洗涤剂附聚物成为可自由流动的并且具有至少大约650克/升的密度。
2.一种权利要求1的方法,其中所说的无水材料是选自碳酸盐、硫酸盐、碳酸盐/硫酸盐复合物以及它们的混合物。
3.一种权利要求1的方法,它进一步包括干燥所说的洗涤剂附聚物的步骤。
4.一种权利要求1的方法,其中所说的无水材料是选自有机合成的聚合吸附剂胶凝材料、纤维素基材料以及它们的结合。
5.一种按照权利要求4制得的洗涤剂产品。
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US08/283,131 US5486303A (en) | 1993-08-27 | 1994-08-03 | Process for making high density detergent agglomerates using an anhydrous powder additive |
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- 1994-08-09 CA CA002169092A patent/CA2169092C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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DE69415327T2 (de) | 1999-07-15 |
DE69415327D1 (de) | 1999-01-28 |
ATE174622T1 (de) | 1999-01-15 |
CA2169092C (en) | 2000-04-25 |
JPH09501970A (ja) | 1997-02-25 |
EP0715652A1 (en) | 1996-06-12 |
WO1995006109A1 (en) | 1995-03-02 |
CN1063480C (zh) | 2001-03-21 |
CN1132526A (zh) | 1996-10-02 |
CA2169092A1 (en) | 1995-03-02 |
US5486303A (en) | 1996-01-23 |
EP0715652B1 (en) | 1998-12-16 |
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