CN1258120C - 光刻模板 - Google Patents

光刻模板 Download PDF

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CN1258120C
CN1258120C CNB028069536A CN02806953A CN1258120C CN 1258120 C CN1258120 C CN 1258120C CN B028069536 A CNB028069536 A CN B028069536A CN 02806953 A CN02806953 A CN 02806953A CN 1258120 C CN1258120 C CN 1258120C
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多尔·J·莱斯尼克
凯文·J.·诺得奎斯特
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C43/00Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C43/003Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor characterised by the choice of material
    • GPHYSICS
    • G03PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
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    • G03F9/00Registration or positioning of originals, masks, frames, photographic sheets or textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. automatically
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C43/00Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C43/02Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor of articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
    • B29C43/021Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor of articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles characterised by the shape of the surface
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B82NANOTECHNOLOGY
    • B82YSPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
    • B82Y10/00Nanotechnology for information processing, storage or transmission, e.g. quantum computing or single electron logic
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    • B82NANOTECHNOLOGY
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G03PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
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    • G03F7/00Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
    • G03F7/0002Lithographic processes using patterning methods other than those involving the exposure to radiation, e.g. by stamping
    • GPHYSICS
    • G03PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
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    • G03F7/00Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
    • G03F7/0017Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor for the production of embossing, cutting or similar devices; for the production of casting means
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C43/00Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C43/02Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor of articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
    • B29C43/021Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor of articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles characterised by the shape of the surface
    • B29C2043/023Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor of articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles characterised by the shape of the surface having a plurality of grooves
    • B29C2043/025Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor of articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles characterised by the shape of the surface having a plurality of grooves forming a microstructure, i.e. fine patterning

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Abstract

本发明涉及一种半导体器件、微电子器件、微机电器件和微射流器件,尤其涉及一种光刻模板、一种制作这种光刻模板的方法和一种采用这种光刻模板制作器件的方法。所述的光刻模板(20,30,42)具有一个基板(22,32)和一个模板基座(24,34),所述的模板基座在最上表面形成有一个蚀刻图形或浮凸图像(26,36,48)。所述的模板(20,30,42)用于制作一种半导体器件(44)从而使器件(44)中的图形感光,其方法在于:把所述模板(20,30,42)与其上具有辐照敏感材料(50)的半导体器件(44)邻近放置,且施加压力(52)以使所述的辐照敏感材料(50)流入所述模板(42)上已有的浮凸图像,然后所施加的辐照穿过所述模板(42)固化部分所述的辐照敏感材料(50),从而在所述的辐照敏感材料(50)上限定出所述图形。然后,移走所述模板(20,30,42),从而完成了所述半导体器件(44)的制作。

Description

光刻模板
技术领域
本发明涉及半导体器件、微电子器件、微机电器件、微射流器件,尤其涉及光刻模板和制作这种光刻模板的方法以及利用这种光刻模板制作上述器件的方法。
背景技术
集成电路的制造涉及到制作多层以一定方式相互配合的材料层。对这些材料层中的一层或多层构图使得该层的不同区域具有不同的电特性,它们可以在该层中相互连接或与其他层相互连接而形成电学元件和电路。这些区域可以通过加入或去除不同的材料而形成。限定上述这些区域的图形通常由光刻工艺形成。例如:在叠置于晶片基板上的一层上施加一层抗蚀剂材料层。以例如紫外光、电子束或X射线的辐照方式,用光掩模(包含透明和不透明区域)选择性地对所述抗蚀剂材料曝光。用显影剂清除那些被照射过的抗蚀剂材料或未被照射过的抗蚀剂材料。随后,对没有被剩余抗蚀剂防护的材料层进行刻蚀,当抗蚀剂被清除时,则在所述叠置于基板上的那层上形成图形。
以上所述的光刻工艺常用于将各种图形从光掩模转移到器件上。随着半导体器件的形状尺寸减小到亚微米量级,需要新的光刻方法或技术来为高密度半导体器件制作图形。已有几种能满足这一需求且基于刻印和压印技术的新的光刻术被提出。特别是,其中的一种步进式闪印光刻术(Step and Flash Impint Lithography)(SFIL)已经可以将图形线做到60纳米那么细。
通常,SFIL模板是通过把80-100纳米厚的铬层施加到透明石英板上制得的。把抗蚀剂层施加到铬层上,并用电子束或光学显影系统进行辐照,以形成图形。然后把所述的抗蚀剂置于显影剂中,以使得在所述铬层上形成图形。所述的抗蚀剂被用作为刻蚀铬层的掩模。而后,铬层充当刻蚀所述石英板的硬质掩模。最后,去除铬,从而制成一个在石英中含有浮凸图像的石英板。
总的来说,SFIL技术受益于实施SFIL过程所需的光化学、室温处理工艺和低接触压力技术的独特应用。在一个典型的SFIL过程中,在基板上涂覆一层有机平面层,且使之与一透明SFIL模板邻近,所述的SFIL模板通常由石英构成,且含有浮凸图像,并涂有一层低表面能材料。在所述模板与被覆基板间设有一种紫外或深紫外光固化的有机溶剂。利用最小的压力,使模板与基板接触,特别地,是与所述的光固化有机层相接触。然后,在室温下,经由所述模板以光照使所述有机层固化或交联。通常,所用的光源为紫外线,其波长范围可以为150纳米-500纳米,这要取决于模板的透射性和光固化有机层的光敏性。随后,将模板与基板和有机层相分离,而在所述平面层上留下一个模板浮凸的有机印模。然后用卤素短时间击穿所述图形,再用氧反应离子刻蚀法(RIE)进行刻蚀,以在有机层和平面层上形成具有高清晰度、高纵横比特性的图形。
应当注意一下光刻掩模与光刻模板之间的区别。光刻掩模是用来为抗蚀剂材料提供空中图像光的模板,而光刻模板则具有一个刻蚀在其表面的浮凸图像,形成一个模板或模具。在SFIL过程中,当光固化的液体流入所述浮凸图像中并继而固化后,图形便被限定下来。而在标准的光刻印过程中,图形是在当基板材料表面所具有的材料相应于施于其上的压力而发生变形时限定的。因此,掩模和模板所需的特性是有很大区别的。
前面已经说明SFIL技术的分辨率可以小到60纳米。从而,单个晶片的形状尺寸可以有很大的变化范围。但是,尽管以这种SFIL模板制作方法进行加工,仍然存在某些困难。特别是,在把这种模板制作与已有的光刻设备和操作者相结合时,问题就出来了。SFIL所需的常用模板制作中需要将一个标准尺寸为6英寸×6英寸×0.250英寸的光掩模或模板材料切割成1平方英寸的大小。我们都知道,这种切割过程将给实际的模板成品带来严重的污染。而且,这种方法还需要利用非标设备来进行测试、操作、检测和修补,这会增加制作成本,且使制作过程复杂。一旦模板制成,就可将其安装在一个托架上,如图1所示,参考现有技术。特别地,附图标记10表示模板,它安装在托架12上,且包括一个图形区11,其中,所述托架12向模板外部的垂直方向施加一个箭头14所示的力,这力通常为压力。模板10由该托架12和相对于基板晶片16的力14固定其位,并用于完成SFIL。
如前所述,这种1英寸的模板尺寸使得标准的光掩模检测设备和模板10切割后的清理设备不能得以使用。这种不能使用标准设备的情况是由以下事实造成的,即标准的光掩模设备都使用较大的光掩模尺寸,通常为3英寸至9英寸,最常用的范围为5英寸至6英寸。模板外形常为矩形,但也可以为圆形或环形,且可以为取向目的而在其表面或周缘形成平台、凹槽等。另外,由于所用的模板为1平方英寸的非常用形状,所以,安装模板10所需的特殊托架装置12使得该模板在被安装到托架装置12上所需的压力14下其图形区11发生变形。因此,改进其中制造模板的光刻过程中所用的模板而使得与目前工业中的标准光掩模设备相一致是有益的。
本发明的目的在于提供一种改进的光刻模板、一种制作这种改进光刻模板的方法和一种采用改进光刻模板制作器件的方法,其中可用所属领域中现有的标准的操作和检测设备。
本发明的另一目的在于提供一种改进的光刻模板、一种制作这种模板的方法和一种采用改进模板制作器件的方法,其中所述模板的改进提高生产量和成本效率。
发明内容
本发明涉及半导体器件、微电子器件、微电机器件、微射流器件,尤其涉及一种光刻模板、一种制作这种光刻模板的方法以及一种采用这种光刻模板制作器件的方法。所公开的光刻模板,包括:一个具有表面的基板;和一个形成于所述基板表面的通过刻蚀或模制基板而与基板整体成型的模板基座,且所述的模板基座在最上表面中限定出一个浮凸图像。所公开的制作光刻模板的方法包括以下步骤:提供基板,所述的基板具有一个最上表面,所述的最上表面限定一个模板基座,其中在所述模板基座的最上表面中形成一个蚀刻图形。此外,本发明还公开了一种采用所述光刻模板制作器件的方法,该方法包括以下步骤:提供一个基板;在所述的基板上涂覆一层特征为响应于所加压力可变形的材料;制作一个光刻模板,其中所述的光刻模板包括:一个具有表面的基板,该表面限定一个模板基座并在其中限定出一个浮凸图像;将所述的光刻模板与所述的材料层相接触,所述的材料层位于所述模板与所述基板之间;向所述模板施压,从而所述材料层发生形变而进入所述模板的所述浮凸图像;和从所述基板上移走所述模板。
附图说明
本领域的普通技术人员将从以下结合附图而对优选实施例所作的详细描述中更加明晰本发明前述的、其他的和更为特殊的目的以及优点。其中:
图1表示现有技术中所熟知的、以步进式闪印光刻术来制作一种器件的简化横截面图;
图2-4表示按照本发明的第一实施方式用于制作光刻模板的工序的简化横截面图;
图5-7表示按照本发明的第二实施方式用于制作光刻模板的工序的简化横截面图;
图8-11表示按照本发明采用光刻模板制作半导体器件的工序的简化横截面图;
应当理解,为示意时简单和清楚,附图中所列出的元件都没必要按比例画出。例如,为清楚起见,一些元件的尺寸相对于另一些元件被夸大了。而且,在各附图中以相同的附图标记表示相应或类似的元件也应该被认为是合理的。
具体实施方式
本发明涉及模板的改进,该模板可以利用已有的光刻操作设备,例如清洁和检测设备,还可以使模板用于标准的平印光刻和SFIL中,从而在半导体器件上形成图形。参考附图2-4中所示的简化横截面图,其中示出了按照本发明制作光刻模板第一实施方式的多个工艺步骤。特别参见图2,其中示出了制作本发明光刻模板20的工艺的第一步。其中示出了具有表面23的基板22,所述的基板22由透明材料构成,这些材料包括石英材料、聚碳酸酯材料、硼硅酸玻璃材料、蓝宝石材料、氟化钙(CaF2)材料、氟化镁(MgF2)材料或其他类似的材料,它们都是透光的。基板22由透明材料制成,使其能透光。如图2所示,基板22形成为模板基座24的一部分。在这个特定的实施例中,模板基座24成为基板22整体的一个部分,在制作过程基板22被刻蚀而形成了模板基座24,或者在模制等步骤中制作模板基座,如图所示,在该实施例中,通过蚀刻或模压基板22,使得模板基座24与基板22整体成型。通过以上的公开,我们可以预料,这种模板基座24还可以形成为一个分离的部件,再将其粘接到基板22的表面23上。
参照图3,图中示出了基板22,且在其最上表面23上限定了模板基座24。如图所示,模板基座24从基板22表面23处伸出而形成,该模板基座具有一个最上表面25。如图所示,模板20具有限定的尺寸“x”、“y”和“z”。所示的尺寸“x”限定模板基座24从基板22的表面23伸出的高度,所示的尺寸“y”限定基板22的厚度,所示的尺寸“z”限定模板基座24的总宽度,它反过来又与形成于模板基座24的表面25的图形区或浮凸图像相关。所公开的尺寸“x”应当具有足够的深度,以使得在SFIL过程中托架等工业上所用的类似部件将模板20抓牢。尺寸“y”应当具有足够的厚度而确保模板20在SFIL过程中的刚性。可以预料,尺寸“z”可根据SFIL过程中印制在晶片上的压模区或图形区所需的大小而变。
参见图4,浮凸图像或刻蚀图形26形成于模板基座24的最上表面25。刻蚀图形26是利用公知的图形形成技术而得到。典型地,在透明石英板上沉积厚度为80-100纳米的铬层,把抗蚀剂层施于所述铬层,利用电子束或光学辐照系统进行构图。再把抗蚀剂置于显影剂中,以在所述铬层上形成图形。所述的抗蚀剂被用作蚀刻所述铬层的掩模。然后,所述的铬层充当了蚀刻所述石英板的硬质掩模。最后,去除铬层,从而形成了在石英中含浮凸图像的石英模板。
参见图5-7所示的简化的横截面图,其中示出了制作本发明光刻模板的第二种方法的多个工艺步骤。特别参考图5,其中示出了制作本发明光刻模板30的工艺的第一步。特别地,其中示出了具有表面33的基板32。所述的基板32由透明材料构成,这些材料包括石英材料、聚碳酸酯材料、硼硅酸玻璃材料、蓝宝石材料、氟化钙(CaF2)材料、氟化镁(MgF2)材料或其他类似的材料,它们都是透光的。基板32由透明材料制成,使其能透光。基板32的表面上形成一已构图的抗蚀剂层34。在这个特定的实施例中,如图5所示已构图的抗蚀剂层34形成于基板32的表面33上。特别地,在制作过程中,已构图的抗蚀剂层34形成于将要形成图形的基板32表面的一部分上。在制作过程中,刻蚀位于已构图的抗蚀剂层34下面的基板32的所述部分,从而限定出基板32的一部分上的蚀刻图形36,如图6所示。参见图7,蚀刻基板32,以限定模板基座38,在其最上表面39上形成有蚀刻图形或浮凸图像36。如前面对图3的描述,模板30具有相似的尺寸“x”、“y”和“z”,它们具有刚性等所要求的相似的尺寸特性。
参见图8-11所示出的各个工艺步骤,其中的光刻模板一般与图2-7中所述的模板20或30相似,本发明中所制作的光刻模板用于制作半导体器件40。应当理解,虽然这里是结合图8-11而对制作半导体器件所作的描述,但是通过上述的公开,是可以预料微电子器件、微机电器件和微射流器件的制作方法的。
首先,提供一个半导体基板44。所述的半导体基板涂覆有一层其具有响应施于其上的压力而可变形的特性的材料层50。在本实施例中,采用标准的光刻法,所述的材料层50一般由现有技术中公知的任何标准抗蚀剂材料制得。可选地,如这个特定的实施例所示,其中采用SFIL技术,所公开的材料层50为辐照敏感材料,例如光固化有机层或抗蚀剂层。半导体基板44上可能具有置于其上的器件或者器件层,例如多晶硅、氧化物、金属等等,还可能有沟槽和扩散区等。光刻模板42根据图2-4或图5-7中所给出的方式制作。如上所示,光刻模板42在其表面形成一个蚀刻图形或浮凸图像48。然后,将覆盖半导体基板44的辐照敏感材料层50放置在与光刻模板42相邻的位置,如图9所示。如上所示,模板42由托架装置46支撑于其位。设置托架46用以抓住模板42的外部47,从而便于在SFIL过程中托架46的清除。
然后,如图9所示,给模板42施加很小的压力52,使得辐照敏感材料层50流入模板42上的浮凸图像48中。随后,辐照53透过光刻模板42,且在覆盖半导体基板44的光面材料层50上成像,进而在所述的辐照敏感材料层50中限定出一个图形并对其曝光。应当理解,本实施例中可以实施标准的光刻法,且可以去除辐照过程。此后,将模板42从半导体器件44处移开,如图10所示,从而留下一层已构图的有机层52,然后所得的有机层52被用作下一过程的图像层。已构图的有机层52可被用作掩模,它或者与离子注入相结合而在半导体基板44中形成注入区,或者与传统的干刻或湿刻相结合而把图形54转移给半导体基板44或图11中所示的覆盖半导体基板44的器件层(未示出)。在半导体基板44上的图形54之后,将已构图的有机层52去除。应当理解,尽管本发明在该优选实施例中所制作的模板用于制作半导体器件,但是可以预料,通常与图2-7中所示的模板20或30相似的模板也可用于制作微电子器件、微机电器件和微射流器件。
前面的描述和含在其中的例子论证了本发明的许多优点。尤其是,本发明提供了模板设计上的改进方案,它使得模板可与标准的光刻操作和测试设备相结合使用。
很显然,本发明已经提供了一种光刻模板和一种制作这种光刻模板的方法及其用途,它们完全满足前述的要求并具备所述的优点。尽管本发明已结合特殊的实施例进行了描述和举例,但是不能认为本发明仅限于这些示例性的实施例。所属领域的普通技术人员都会认为在不偏离本发明精神的情况下可对其进行修改和变动。因此,可以理解,那些包含在所有这些修改和变动都应被认为落入所附的权利要求范围中。

Claims (11)

1.一种制作光刻模板的方法,包括以下步骤:
提供基板,所述的基板具有一个最上表面,所述的最上表面限定一个模板基座,其中在所述模板基座的最上表面中形成一个蚀刻图形。
2.如权利要求1所述的制作光刻模板的方法,其中提供基板的步骤的进一步特征在于提供矩形或圆形形状的基板。
3.如权利要求1所述的制作光刻模板的方法,其中提供基板的步骤的进一步特征在于提供透明材料的基板。
4.如权利要求1所述的制作光刻模板的方法,其中提供具有最上表面并且在最上表面限定模板基座的基板的步骤,其中在所述模板基座的最上表面中形成一个蚀刻图形,包括以下步骤:
提供具有表面的基板;
在所述基板表面的一部分上形成一个已构图的抗蚀剂层;
刻蚀位于所述已构图的抗蚀剂层下面的所述基板的所述部分,从而在所述基板的所述部分上限定出一个蚀刻图形;
刻蚀所述的基板以限定一个模板基座,在所述模板基座的最上表面上已经形成所述蚀刻图形。
5.一种光刻模板,包括:
一个具有表面的基板;和
通过刻蚀或模制基板而与基板整体成型的模板基座,且所述的模板基座在最上表面中限定出一个浮凸图像。
6.如权利要求5所述的光刻模板,其中所述基板的进一步特征在于该基板是透明的并且是石英材料、聚碳酸酯材料、氟化钙(CaF2)材料、氟化镁(MgF2)材料或硼硅酸玻璃材料中的一种。
7.一种制作器件的方法,包括以下步骤:
提供一个基板;
在所述的基板上涂覆一层特征为响应于所加压力可变形的材料;
制作一个光刻模板,其中所述的光刻模板包括:
一个具有表面的基板,该表面限定一个模板基座并在最上表面中限定出一个浮凸图像;
将所述的光刻模板与所述的材料层相接触,所述的材料层位于所述模板与所述基板之间;
向所述模板施压,从而所述材料层发生形变而进入所述模板的所述浮凸图像;和
从所述基板上移走所述模板。
8.如权利要求7所述的制作器件的方法,其中所述材料层为辐照敏感材料层。
9.如权利要求8所述的制作器件的方法,其中所述辐照敏感材料层的进一步特征在于包括光固化有机层。
10.如权利要求8所述的制作器件的方法,它还包括以下步骤:使辐照穿过所述光刻模板从而在所述辐照敏感材料层上成像,从而在所述辐照敏感材料层中限定并曝光一个图形。
11.如权利要求7所述的制作器件的方法,其中所述的器件是半导体器件、微电子器件、微机电器件或微射流器件中的一种。
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WO2002079876A2 (en) 2002-10-10
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