CN1248623C - 用于可活动的家具部分的制动和缓冲装置 - Google Patents

用于可活动的家具部分的制动和缓冲装置 Download PDF

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CN1248623C
CN1248623C CNB021015244A CN02101524A CN1248623C CN 1248623 C CN1248623 C CN 1248623C CN B021015244 A CNB021015244 A CN B021015244A CN 02101524 A CN02101524 A CN 02101524A CN 1248623 C CN1248623 C CN 1248623C
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piston
buffer unit
described braking
braking
cavity
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CN1364433A (zh
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赫尔穆特·菲茨
克劳斯·布吕斯特勒
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Unisys Co. Ltd. Blum Si
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Julius Blum GmbH
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16FSPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F9/00Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium
    • F16F9/02Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium using gas only or vacuum
    • F16F9/0209Telescopic
    • F16F9/0218Mono-tubular units
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16FSPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F9/00Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium
    • F16F9/02Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium using gas only or vacuum
    • F16F9/0209Telescopic
    • F16F9/0227Telescopic characterised by the piston construction
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16FSPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F9/00Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium
    • F16F9/32Details
    • F16F9/3207Constructional features
    • F16F9/3214Constructional features of pistons
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16FSPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F9/00Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium
    • F16F9/32Details
    • F16F9/34Special valve constructions; Shape or construction of throttling passages
    • F16F9/346Throttling passages in the form of slots arranged in cylinder walls
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16FSPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F9/00Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium
    • F16F9/32Details
    • F16F9/34Special valve constructions; Shape or construction of throttling passages
    • F16F9/346Throttling passages in the form of slots arranged in cylinder walls
    • F16F9/3465Slots having a variable section along their length
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16FSPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F9/00Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium
    • F16F9/32Details
    • F16F9/36Special sealings, including sealings or guides for piston-rods
    • F16F9/368Sealings in pistons
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16FSPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F9/00Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium
    • F16F9/32Details
    • F16F9/48Arrangements for providing different damping effects at different parts of the stroke
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16FSPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F9/00Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium
    • F16F9/32Details
    • F16F9/50Special means providing automatic damping adjustment, i.e. self-adjustment of damping by particular sliding movements of a valve element, other than flexions or displacement of valve discs; Special means providing self-adjustment of spring characteristics
    • F16F9/516Special means providing automatic damping adjustment, i.e. self-adjustment of damping by particular sliding movements of a valve element, other than flexions or displacement of valve discs; Special means providing self-adjustment of spring characteristics resulting in the damping effects during contraction being different from the damping effects during extension, i.e. responsive to the direction of movement
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05FDEVICES FOR MOVING WINGS INTO OPEN OR CLOSED POSITION; CHECKS FOR WINGS; WING FITTINGS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, CONCERNED WITH THE FUNCTIONING OF THE WING
    • E05F5/00Braking devices, e.g. checks; Stops; Buffers
    • E05F5/06Buffers or stops limiting opening of swinging wings, e.g. floor or wall stops
    • E05F5/08Buffers or stops limiting opening of swinging wings, e.g. floor or wall stops with springs
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05FDEVICES FOR MOVING WINGS INTO OPEN OR CLOSED POSITION; CHECKS FOR WINGS; WING FITTINGS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, CONCERNED WITH THE FUNCTIONING OF THE WING
    • E05F5/00Braking devices, e.g. checks; Stops; Buffers
    • E05F5/06Buffers or stops limiting opening of swinging wings, e.g. floor or wall stops
    • E05F5/10Buffers or stops limiting opening of swinging wings, e.g. floor or wall stops with piston brakes
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05YINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO HINGES OR OTHER SUSPENSION DEVICES FOR DOORS, WINDOWS OR WINGS AND DEVICES FOR MOVING WINGS INTO OPEN OR CLOSED POSITION, CHECKS FOR WINGS AND WING FITTINGS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, CONCERNED WITH THE FUNCTIONING OF THE WING
    • E05Y2201/00Constructional elements; Accessories therefore
    • E05Y2201/20Brakes; Disengaging means, e.g. clutches; Holders, e.g. locks; Stops; Accessories therefore
    • E05Y2201/21Brakes
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05YINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO HINGES OR OTHER SUSPENSION DEVICES FOR DOORS, WINDOWS OR WINGS AND DEVICES FOR MOVING WINGS INTO OPEN OR CLOSED POSITION, CHECKS FOR WINGS AND WING FITTINGS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, CONCERNED WITH THE FUNCTIONING OF THE WING
    • E05Y2201/00Constructional elements; Accessories therefore
    • E05Y2201/20Brakes; Disengaging means, e.g. clutches; Holders, e.g. locks; Stops; Accessories therefore
    • E05Y2201/21Brakes
    • E05Y2201/212Buffers
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05YINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO HINGES OR OTHER SUSPENSION DEVICES FOR DOORS, WINDOWS OR WINGS AND DEVICES FOR MOVING WINGS INTO OPEN OR CLOSED POSITION, CHECKS FOR WINGS AND WING FITTINGS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, CONCERNED WITH THE FUNCTIONING OF THE WING
    • E05Y2201/00Constructional elements; Accessories therefore
    • E05Y2201/20Brakes; Disengaging means, e.g. clutches; Holders, e.g. locks; Stops; Accessories therefore
    • E05Y2201/252Brakes; Disengaging means, e.g. clutches; Holders, e.g. locks; Stops; Accessories therefore characterised by type of friction
    • E05Y2201/254Fluid or viscous friction
    • E05Y2201/256Fluid or viscous friction with pistons or vanes
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05YINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO HINGES OR OTHER SUSPENSION DEVICES FOR DOORS, WINDOWS OR WINGS AND DEVICES FOR MOVING WINGS INTO OPEN OR CLOSED POSITION, CHECKS FOR WINGS AND WING FITTINGS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, CONCERNED WITH THE FUNCTIONING OF THE WING
    • E05Y2201/00Constructional elements; Accessories therefore
    • E05Y2201/20Brakes; Disengaging means, e.g. clutches; Holders, e.g. locks; Stops; Accessories therefore
    • E05Y2201/262Brakes; Disengaging means, e.g. clutches; Holders, e.g. locks; Stops; Accessories therefore characterised by type of motion
    • E05Y2201/264Brakes; Disengaging means, e.g. clutches; Holders, e.g. locks; Stops; Accessories therefore characterised by type of motion linear
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05YINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO HINGES OR OTHER SUSPENSION DEVICES FOR DOORS, WINDOWS OR WINGS AND DEVICES FOR MOVING WINGS INTO OPEN OR CLOSED POSITION, CHECKS FOR WINGS AND WING FITTINGS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, CONCERNED WITH THE FUNCTIONING OF THE WING
    • E05Y2201/00Constructional elements; Accessories therefore
    • E05Y2201/40Motors; Magnets; Springs; Weights; Accessories therefore
    • E05Y2201/47Springs; Spring tensioners
    • E05Y2201/474Compression springs
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05YINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO HINGES OR OTHER SUSPENSION DEVICES FOR DOORS, WINDOWS OR WINGS AND DEVICES FOR MOVING WINGS INTO OPEN OR CLOSED POSITION, CHECKS FOR WINGS AND WING FITTINGS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, CONCERNED WITH THE FUNCTIONING OF THE WING
    • E05Y2900/00Application of doors, windows, wings or fittings thereof
    • E05Y2900/20Application of doors, windows, wings or fittings thereof for furnitures, e.g. cabinets

Abstract

本发明涉及尤其用于可活动的家具部分的制动和缓冲装置,它有一流体缸,流体缸内有一个第一活塞(2)通过一个活塞杆(3)可直线移动,其特征为:还设有一个第二活塞(5),该第二活塞设有一个密封流体缸(1)缸壁(7)的密封装置(19、30),在两个活塞之间装一可弹性变形的密封体(6、17、18),它在缓冲时在两个活塞(2、5)之间压紧、变形并压在缸壁(7)上。

Description

用于可活动的家具部分的制动和缓冲装置
技术领域
本发明涉及用于可活动的家具部分的制动和缓冲装置,它有一流体缸,在其中一个活塞可通过活塞杆直线移动。
背景技术
在现代家具中越来越多地使用制动和缓冲装置,它们防止太用力关闭的家具门或用太大的力推入家具体内的抽屉撞击在家具体的端壁上。最老式的缓冲器由简单的橡胶减震器构成。近来采用气动或液压的制动和缓冲器。
对于抽屉而言,它们优选地与插入装置组合。在门或活门中在许多情况下铰链也设有闭合机构,它们与缓冲器共同保证最佳的运动过程。
在流体缓冲器中,亦即带一可直线移动的活塞的气动或液压缓冲器,业已证明在高速或大质量的情况下,流体的缓冲作用不足以充分制动活动的家具部分。
因此在US-PS 4877226中建议了一种带可直线移动的活塞的流体缓冲器,在缓冲过程中活塞径向膨胀并压在缸壁上,从而除了通过流体缓冲外在缸与活塞之间产生附加的摩擦阻尼。
发明内容
本发明的目的是创造一种前言所述类型的气动或液压式制动和缓冲装置,其中在活塞与缸壁之间达到更好的密封,以及在制动时通过缸内形成的气垫或流体垫避免回跳。
为达到按本发明的目的采取的措施是,设有另一个活塞,它配有一密封装置,该密封装置与缸的缸壁密封;在两个活塞之间设可弹性变形的密封体,它在缓冲时在两个活塞之间挤压变形并压在缸壁上。
有利地规定,可通过活塞杆直线移动的活塞有一个端面开口的空腔,空腔内装入第二个活塞,第二个活塞可自由移动地装在第一个活塞内并在外表面上有一环形凸起,它位于第一活塞之前,以及在环形凸起与第一活塞端面之间装有设计为密封圈的密封体。
还有利地规定,在第一活塞的空腔内设限制第二活塞移动距离的止挡。
本发明的一种实施例规定,在第一活塞空腔底部与第二活塞后侧之间设至少一个弹性定距器。
本发明另一种实施例规定,密封体设计为用橡胶弹性材料制成的圆柱形实心体或设计为圆柱形膜盒。在这种情况下在未受载状态存在这种圆柱体形状。在受载时密封体压缩和变形。
附图说明
下面借助附图说明本发明不同的实施例。
图1通过按本发明的处于待用位置的制动和缓冲装置活塞和缸的纵剖面;
图2和图3分别通过图1所示活塞和缸的纵剖面,其中表示活塞在制动途中;
图4通过活塞和缸的纵剖面,其中表示活塞在制动行程的末端;
图5通过活塞和缸的纵剖面,其中表示活塞在返回阶段中;
图6通过按本发明另一种实施例的缸活塞单元的纵剖面;
图7图6的局部A,其中表示活塞处于缓冲位置;
图8图6的局部A,其中表示另一种实施例的活塞处于缓冲位置;
图9与图7同一个局部,其中表示活塞处于待用位置或返回位置;以及
图10与图8同一个局部,其中仍表示活塞处于待用位置或返回位置。
具体实施方式
按本发明的制动与缓冲装置有一个缸1,缸内装一可直线移动的活塞2。在这里,活塞2设有活塞杆3。活塞杆3构成顶杆,它优选地受可活动的家具部分加载。例如,缸1固定在家具侧壁上或家具上部或下部底板上,而且按这样的方式,即,使被关闭的门或被关闭的抽屉的挡板撞在活塞杆3的头部4上。
在按图1至5的实施例中,活塞2设一端面开口的空腔10,空腔内装入第二活塞5。
第一活塞2内部有一环形凸起8,它用作第二活塞5限制行程的止挡。在活塞5向后相对运动时,止挡由活塞2内的空腔10底部11构成。
活塞5同样设环形凸起16,它构成相配止挡并在活塞5相对于活塞2在最前部位置时贴靠在环形凸块8上。
活塞5例如用塑料制成并在活塞5后侧成形有至少一个定距器20,它支承在活塞2空腔10底部11中的至少一个凹槽21内。
第一活塞2的端面9设计成斜的,以及从活塞2、5中心看相对于缸壁7向后倾斜。
在图1中表示按本发明的制动和缓冲装置的待用位置。活塞2、5处于缸1的上端。
在这里,术语“上方”系针对附图中各图而言。
活塞5通过定距器20保持与空腔10底部11的间距,以及设计为密封圈6的密封体有一定间隙地处于活塞2端面9与活塞5环形凸起22之间。若家具门或抽屉挡板碰撞在活塞杆3的头部4上,则活塞2、5在缸1内向下移动并如图2所示压倒定距器20。
与此同时密封圈6受挤压,横截面变形并压靠在缸1内壁7上。
缸壁7设沿轴向延伸的凹槽15,当活塞2处于最前部位置时它们允许空气通过。
在这种情况下活塞2、5重新被定距器20彼此压开(见图4)。
活塞5设有用橡胶类或弹性体材料制的裙边19,它优选地在缸1的内壁7上滑擦。
缸1在活塞2后侧有空气进口23,以及在前侧有带通孔13的单向阀12。
在缓冲期间,空气只能缓慢地通过比较小的孔13排出。
若活塞2、5被弹簧14回拉,亦即重新被置于待用位置,则单向阀12打开,空气或其他流体可无阻碍地流入缸1。
在图示的实施例中,第二活塞5也设有端面开口的空腔25。
在按图6至10的实施例中,在活塞2、5之间仍装一可弹性变形的密封体。
在按图7和9的实施例中,可弹性变形的密封体由橡胶弹性材料制的实心体18构成。实心体18有凸块27,实心体通过它们锚固在活塞2中的槽26内。
在缓冲过程中,亦即当活塞2通过活塞杆3压入缸1内时,如图7所示,实心体18在活塞2与活塞5之间被压缩并压靠在缸壁7上,由此除通过流体缓冲外还通过摩擦进行缓冲。
活塞5设密封装置30,它贴靠在缸壁7上。由此增大缸1内的流体阻力。
在按图8和10的实施例中,设膜盒17取代实心体18。
膜盒17有折角的边28,膜盒借助它们固定在活塞2、5的缝29内。
在按图6、8和10的实施例中,在活塞2、5之间设一螺旋压力弹簧31,它在完成缓冲后重新将活塞2、5彼此压开。
在被膜盒17围绕的空腔32内可有液压液体,例如油。
膜盒17在其外侧设环形肋24,它们改善膜盒17在缸壁7上的附着状况。
在缓冲过程中,如图8所示,活塞2、5压缩在一起,以及膜盒17更紧地压在缸壁7上,由此再次引起通过摩擦造成的附加的缓冲效果。
按本发明的缓冲器优选地设计为气动缓冲器,例如空气缓冲器,但是它也可以用作液压缓冲器。

Claims (18)

1.用于可活动的家具部分的制动和缓冲装置,它有一流体缸,流体缸内有一个第一活塞(2)通过一个活塞杆(3)可直线移动,其特征为:还设有一个第二活塞(5),该第二活塞设有一个密封流体缸(1)缸壁(7)的密封装置(19、30),在两个活塞之间装一可弹性变形的密封体(6、17、18),它在缓冲时在两个活塞(2、5)之间压紧、变形并压在缸壁(7)上。
2.按照权利要求1所述的制动和缓冲装置,其特征为:上述通过活塞杆可直线移动的活塞(2)有一个端面开口的空腔(10),空腔(10)内装入上述第二活塞(5),第二个活塞(5)可自由移动地装在第一活塞(2)内并在外表面上有一环形凸起(22),环形凸起(22)位于第一活塞(2)之前,以及在环形凸起(22)与第一活塞(2)端面(9)之间装有设计为密封圈(6)的密封体。
3.按照权利要求2所述的制动和缓冲装置,其特征为:第一活塞(2)的端面(9)从第二活塞(5)起朝流体缸(1)的内壁(7)方向向后倾斜。
4.按照权利要求2所述的制动和缓冲装置,其特征为:在第一活塞(2)的空腔(10)内设限制第二活塞(5)移动距离的止挡(8)。
5.按照权利要求1所述的制动和缓冲装置,其特征为:第二活塞(5)设一环形裙边形式的密封装置(19)。
6.按照权利要求5所述的制动和缓冲装置,其特征为:密封装置(19)用橡胶弹性的材料制成。
7.按照权利要求5所述的制动和缓冲装置,其特征为:密封装置(19)在流体缸(1)的内壁(7)上滑擦。
8.按照权利要求2所述的制动和缓冲装置,其特征为:在第一活塞(2)空腔(10)底部(11)与第二活塞(5)后侧之间设至少一个弹性定距器(20)。
9.按照权利要求8所述的制动和缓冲装置,其特征为:第二活塞(5)用塑料制成,上述至少一个定距器(20)成形在第二活塞(5)的后侧上。
10.按照权利要求8所述的制动和缓冲装置,其特征为:在第一活塞(2)空腔(10)底部(11)设至少一个用于至少一个定距器(20)的槽(21)。
11.按照权利要求1所述的制动和缓冲装置,其特征为:在流体缸(1)的壁的内侧上设沿轴向延伸的凹槽(15),当活塞(2、5)处于其前部终端位置时,凹槽(15)允许气动介质通过。
12.按照权利要求1所述的制动和缓冲装置,其特征为:密封体设计为用橡胶弹性材料制成的实心体(18),它连接两个活塞(2、5)。
13.按照权利要求1所述的制动和缓冲装置,其特征为:可弹性变形的密封体设计为圆柱形膜盒(17)。
14.按照权利要求13所述的制动和缓冲装置,其特征为:圆柱形膜盒(17)有多个沿周向延伸的肋(24),它们紧密地贴靠在缸壁(7)上。
15。按照权利要求13所述的制动和缓冲装置,其特征为:圆柱形膜盒(17)内含有液压的液体。
16.按照权利要求1所述的制动和缓冲装置,其特征为:在两个刚性的活塞(2、5)之间装入一压力弹簧(31)。
17.按照权利要求13所述的制动和缓冲装置,其特征为:圆柱形膜盒(17)形封闭地固定在活塞(2、5)内。
18.按照权利要求12所述的制动和缓冲装置,其特征为:活塞(2、5)有端面槽(26),可变形密封体的凸块(27)装在此槽中。
CNB021015244A 2001-01-09 2002-01-09 用于可活动的家具部分的制动和缓冲装置 Expired - Lifetime CN1248623C (zh)

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