CN1247572C - 制备硝基胍和硝基烯胺衍生物的方法 - Google Patents

制备硝基胍和硝基烯胺衍生物的方法 Download PDF

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CN1247572C
CN1247572C CNB008093296A CN00809329A CN1247572C CN 1247572 C CN1247572 C CN 1247572C CN B008093296 A CNB008093296 A CN B008093296A CN 00809329 A CN00809329 A CN 00809329A CN 1247572 C CN1247572 C CN 1247572C
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G·塞福特
T·拉波尔德
V·基辛
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Abstract

制备式(I)化合物的方法;其中R1为氢或C1-C4-烷基;R2为氢或C1-C8-烷基,C3-C6-环烷基或-N(R3)R4基;或者R2和R6一起为-CH2-CH2-S-;R3和R4为氢,C1-C4-烷基,C3-C6-环烷基或-CH2B基;R6为氢或C1-C8-烷基,芳基或苄基;或者R3和R6一起为-CH2-CH2-,-CH2-CH2-CH2-,-CH2-O-CH2-,-CH2-S-CH2-或-CH2-N(R5)-CH2-;X为CH-CN;CH-NO2或N-NO2;A为未取代的或取代的芳族或非芳族、单环或二环杂环基,并且B为未取代的或取代的苯基、3-吡啶基或噻唑基;其特征是,在相转移催化剂和碱存在下,将式(II)化合物;其中R2、R6和X具有与上述式(I)相同含义,与式(III)化合物反应,其中A和R1具有与上述式(I)相同含义并且Q为离去基团。

Description

制备硝基胍和硝基烯胺衍生物的方法
本发明涉及一种新的制备取代的2-硝基胍和硝基烯胺衍生物的方法。
已知,为了制备取代的硝基胍、硝基烯胺或氰基烯胺,可将另一取代基引入(例如通过烷基化)那些可能已取代一至几次的化合物中(例如参见EP专利申请0.375.907)。由于在这些反应中用作起始物的浸提物中存在几个氢原子,前面提到的所述取代反应通常是非选择性的并且产生不需要的取代产物。上述EP专利申请以实施例的方式描述了通过将一取代硝基异硫脲与伯胺反应同时使硫醇断裂来制备1,3-二取代的2-硝基胍。然而,这些在已知方法中建议用作起始化合物且包含烷硫基离去基团的硝基异硫脲化合物可能很难得到。在EP-A-0-483.062中也描述了通过将六氢-三嗪水解来制备式(I)化合物的方法。
现已显示,上述制备式(I)化合物的方法不能满足化学制备方法所要求的必要条件,如有效性、毒性、贮存稳定性以及起始物和赋形剂的纯度、反应时间、能量消耗和通过该方法生产的量、所产生副产品和废品的量和回收率,以及终产品的纯度和收率。因此需要提供改善的制备这些化合物的方法。
因此,本发明的目的是提供一种改善的从容易获得的起始化合物制备取代的2-硝基胍、2-硝基烯胺、2-氰基烯胺和2-氰基胺的方法,该方法允许进行特异性取代而不会得到大量不需要的副产品。
因此,本发明涉及制备式(I)化合物的方法
其中
R1为氢或C1-C4-烷基;
R2为氢或C1-C8-烷基,C3-C6-环烷基或-N(R3)R4;或者R2和R6一起为-CH2-CH2-S-,通过该基团,亚乙基与氮连接;
R3和R4彼此独立地为氢,C1-C4-烷基,C3-C6-环烷基或-CH2B基;
R6为氢或C1-C8-烷基,芳基或苄基;或者
R3和R6一起为-CH2-CH2-,-CH2-CH2-CH2-,-CH2-O-CH2-,-CH2-S-CH2-或-CH2-N(R5)-CH2-;
X为N-CN,CH-CN;CH-NO2或N-NO2
A为芳族或非芳族、单环或二环杂环基,该基团可以是未取代的或者是由取代基一取代的至五取代的,这由环系统的取代可能性确定,所述取代基选自卤素、C1-C3-烷基、C1-C3-烷氧基、卤素-C1-C3-烷基、C1-C3-卤代烷氧基、环丙基、卤代环丙基、C2-C3-链烯基、C2-C3-链炔基、C2-C3-卤代链烯基和C2-C3-卤代链炔基、C1-C3-烷硫基、C1-C3-卤代烷硫基、烯丙氧基、炔丙氧基、烯丙硫基、炔丙硫基、卤代烯丙氧基、卤代烯丙硫基、氰基和硝基;并且
B为未取代的或由1-3个取代基取代的苯基、3-吡啶基或噻唑基,所述取代基选自C1-C3-烷基、C1-C3-卤代烷基、环丙基、卤代环丙基、C2-C3-链烯基、C2-C3-链炔基、C1-C3-烷氧基、C2-C3-卤代链烯基、C2-C3-卤代链炔基、C1-C3-卤代烷氧基、C1-C3-烷硫基、C1-C3-卤代烷硫基、烯丙氧基、炔丙氧基、烯丙硫基、炔丙硫基、卤代烯丙氧基、卤代烯丙硫基、卤素、氰基和硝基;
其特征是,在相转移催化剂和碱存在下,将已知的或者可通过已知方法制备的并且其中R2、R6和X具有与上述式(I)相同含义的式(II)化合物
Figure C0080932900051
与已知的或者可通过已知方法制备的并且其中A和R1具有与上述式(I)相同含义并且Q为离去基团的式(III)化合物反应。
Figure C0080932900061
部分式(I)化合物可以以互变异构体形式存在。因此应该理解,上下文中任何适宜的式(I)化合物也包括其相应的互变异构体,即使在各情况下后者没有特别提到。
如果适宜的话,式(I)化合物及其E/Z异构体和互变异构体可以以盐的形式存在。例如,至少具有一个碱性中心的式(I)化合物可以形成酸加成盐。例如,用于形成这些盐的酸可以是强无机酸如矿物酸,例如硫酸、磷酸或氢卤酸,强有机羧酸如用卤素(如果适宜的话)取代的C1-C4链烷烃羧酸,例如乙酸,如不饱和的或饱和的二羧酸,例如草酸、丙二酸、马来酸、富马酸或邻苯二甲酸,如羟基羧酸,例如抗坏血酸、乳酸、苹果酸、酒石酸或柠檬酸,或苯甲酸,或者有机磺酸如用卤素取代的C1-C4链烷烃磺酸或芳基磺酸(如果适宜的话),例如甲磺酸或对甲苯磺酸。优选地,当处理反应混合物时得到式(I)化合物与所述种类酸的盐。
广义地说,至少具有一个酸基的式(I)化合物可以与碱形成盐:适宜的与碱形成的盐为金属盐如碱金属或碱土金属盐,例如钠、钾或镁盐,或者与氨或有机胺形成的盐如吗啉、哌啶、吡咯烷、一、二或三低级烷基胺,例如乙胺、二乙胺、三乙胺或二甲基丙胺,或者一、二或三羟基低级烷基胺,例如一、二或三乙醇胺。如果适宜的话,也可以形成相应的内盐。在本发明范围内优选的化合物为在农业化学上有益的盐。可以理解,如果适宜的话,上下文中游离的式(I)化合物也包括相应盐的类似物,并且可以理解,所述盐也包括游离的式(I)化合物。这同样适用于式(I)化合物的E/Z异构体和互变异构体及其盐。游离形式是优选的。
在上下文关于式(I)-(III)的定义中,如下理解各类术语:
卤素是指氟、氯、溴和碘,其中氟、氯和溴是优选的,特别优选的是氯。在本文中,可以将卤素理解为独立的取代基或部分取代基,如在卤代烷基、卤代烷硫基、卤代烷氧基、卤代环烷基、卤代链烯基、卤代链炔基、卤代烯丙氧基或卤代烯丙硫基中使用的卤素。烷基、烷硫基、链烯基、链炔基和烷氧基可以是直链的或支链的。如果不另外定义,烷基具有高达6个碳原子。可提到的所述烷基的实例为甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、丁基、异丁基、仲丁基或叔丁基。烷氧基的实例为甲氧基、乙氧基、丙氧基、异丙氧基或丁氧基及其异构体。烷硫基的实例为甲硫基、乙硫基、异丙硫基、丙硫基或异构的丁硫基。可被卤素取代的烷基、烷氧基、链烯基、链炔基或环烷基可以仅仅是部分取代的或者也可以是全卤代的。上述定义适用于卤素、烷基和烷氧基。这些基团中烷基的实例为由氟、氯和/或溴一取代的至三取代的甲基,如CHF2或CF3;由氟、氯和/或溴一取代的至全取代的乙基,如CH2CF3、CF2CF3、CF2CCl3、CF2CHCl2、CF2CHF2、CF2CFCl2、CF2CHBr2、CF2CHClF、CF2CHBrF或CClFCHClF;由氟、氯和/或溴一取代的至七取代的丙基或异丙基,如CH2CHBrCH2Br、CF2CHFCF3、CH2CF2CF3或CH(CF3)2;由氟、氯和/或溴一取代的至九取代的丁基或其异构体,如CF(CF3)CHFCF3或CH2(CF2)2CF3;2-氯环丙基或2,2-二氟环丙基;2,2-二氟乙烯基、2,2-二氯乙烯基、2-氯烷基、2,3-二氯乙烯基或2,3-二溴乙烯基。
有代表性的链烯基和链炔基的实例为烯丙基、甲代烯丙基、炔丙基、乙烯基和乙炔基。烯丙氧基、炔丙氧基、烯丙硫基或炔丙硫基中的双键或三键与杂原子(N、O或S)的连接点分离,优选地通过饱和碳原子分离。
如果所定义的烷基、烷氧基、链烯基、链炔基或环烷基由其它取代基取代,那么它们可以由所列出的那些相同的或不同的取代基取代一次或多次。在所取代的基团中,优选存在一个或两个其它的取代基。环烷基为环丙基、环丁基、环戊基或环己基。
芳基是指苯基、萘基、菲基或蒽基,特别是苯基。
在本发明上下文中,优选地,杂芳基是指具有1-3个选自N、O或S杂原子的5-7元芳族或非芳族环。优选以氮原子作为杂原子并且不含或含一个其它杂原子,优选氮、氧或硫,特别优选氮的芳族5-和6-元环。
本文的离去基团Q可理解为是在化学反应中常见的并且是本领域技术人员已知的所有可除去的基团;尤其是卤素如氟、氯、溴、碘、-O-C(=O)-A、-O-P(=O)(W)2、-O-Si(C1-C8-烷基)3、-O-(C1-C8-烷基)、-O-芳基、-O-S(=O)2W、-S-P(=O)-(W)2、-S-P(=S)-(W)2、-S-S-(C1-C8-烷基)、-S-S-芳基、-S-(C1-C8-烷基)、-S-芳基、-S(=O)W或-S(=O)2W,其中W未取代的或取代的C1-C8-烷基、C2-C8-链烯基、C2-C8-链炔基,未取代的或取代的芳基、未取代的或取代的苄基、C1-C8烷氧基或二-(C1-C8-烷基)胺,其中烷基是彼此独立的;NO3、NO2或硫酸根、亚硫酸根、磷酸根、亚磷酸根、羧酸根、亚氨酯、N2或氨基甲酸根。作为离去基团,氯和溴是特别优选的,尤其优选的是氯。
优选地,在本发明方法中制备的化合物是式(I)化合物
1)、其中R1为氢;
2)、其中R2为-N(R3)R4基;
3)、其中R3为氢或C1-C4-烷基;
4)、其中R4为氢;
5)、其中R2为-N(R3)R4基并且R3和R4一起为-CH2-CH2-、-CH2-O-CH2-或-CH2-N(CH3)-CH2-,特别是-CH2-CH2-或-CH2-O-CH2-;
6)、其中R6为氢、C1-C8-烷基、芳基或苄基;
7)、其中X为CH-NO2或N-NO2,特别是N-NO2
8)、其中A为吡啶基、噻唑基或四氢呋喃基,所述基团可以是未取代的或被卤素、C1-C3-烷基、C1-C3-烷氧基、卤代-C1-C3-烷基或C1-C3-卤代烷氧基取代的;特别是2-氯-噻唑-5-基或2-氯-吡啶-5-基。
下列各化合物是通过本发明方法制备的最优选的化合物:
由EP-A-580553获知的下式Thiamethoxam;
Figure C0080932900081
由《杀虫剂手册》,第11版(1997),英国农作物保护委员会,伦敦,第706页获知的下式吡虫啉;
Figure C0080932900091
由《杀虫剂手册》,第11版(1997),英国农作物保护委员会,伦敦,第9页获知的下式啶虫咪(NI-25);
由《杀虫剂手册》,第11版(1997),英国农作物保护委员会,伦敦,第880页获知的下式烯啶虫胺(TI-304);
Figure C0080932900093
由EP A 0 375907获知的下式Clothianidin(Ti-435);
由EP-0 649 845获知的下式MTI-466;
Figure C0080932900095
由EP-A-192.060获知的下式Thiacloprid;
由EP-0 428.941获知的下式化合物;
Figure C0080932900102
相转移催化剂可以是所有惯用的化合物,即季铵盐、季磷盐、冠醚、螯合剂、DABCO1,4-二氮杂二环[2.2.2]辛烷和DBU(1,5-二氮杂二环[4.3.0]壬-5-烯)及其季铵盐;以及高分子相转移催化剂。它们在瑞士Fluka,Buchs公司1986年版“相转移催化剂”的7-25页中列出。因此,本发明引入其中所述相转移催化剂供参考。
例如,特别优选的季铵盐相转移催化剂为氯化苄基三甲基铵、氯化苄基三乙基铵、氯化苄基三丁基铵、溴化苄基三乙基铵、甲醇化苄基三甲基铵、氢氧化苄基三甲基铵(三硝基甲苯B)、氯化缩水甘油基三甲基铵、氯化十六烷基-三甲基铵、溴化十六烷基-三乙基铵、溴化十六烷基-吡啶、氯化十六烷基-吡啶、氯化2-羟乙基-三甲基铵、氢氧化2-羟乙基-三甲基铵、氯化苯基三甲基铵、氢氧化苯基三甲基铵、氯化四丁基铵、溴化四丁基铵、氢氧化四丁基铵、四氟硼酸四丁基铵、硝酸四丁基铵、氯化四癸基铵、乙酸四(十二烷基)铵、氯化四乙基铵、氢氧化四乙基铵、硝酸四(十二烷基)铵、甲苯磺酸四(十二烷基)铵、氯化四己基铵、溴化四己基铵、氯化四甲基铵、溴化四甲基铵、氢氧化四甲基铵、碘化四甲基铵、甲苯磺酸四甲基铵、氯化四辛基铵、氯化四丙基铵、溴化四丙基铵、氯化三丁基甲基铵和溴化三丁基庚基铵。最优选的是季铵氢氧化物,特别是五水合物形式的氢氧化四甲基铵。
季磷盐可以是氯化苄基三苯基磷、溴化十六烷基三丁基磷、溴化十六烷基三甲基磷、氯化四丁基磷、氯化四苯基磷或溴化四苯基磷;或固定到高分子基质上的溴化己基三丁基磷。
例如,在本发明合成方法中用作相转移催化剂的冠醚可以为:12-冠醚-4、15-冠醚-5、18-冠醚-6、二苯并-18-冠醚-6;聚乙二醇,例如平均分子量为1000、1500或2000的聚乙二醇;三缩四乙二醇或三缩四乙二醇二甲醚。
实施本发明方法优选的溶剂或稀释剂为酯如乙酸乙酯;醚如乙醚、丙醚、异丙醚、丁醚、叔丁基甲醚、乙二醇一甲醚、乙二醇一乙醚、乙二醇二甲醚、二甲氧基二乙醚、四氢呋喃或二噁烷;酮如丙酮、甲乙酮或甲基异丁基酮;酰胺如N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、N,N-二乙基甲酰胺、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、N-甲基-吡咯烷酮或六甲基磷酸三酰胺;腈如乙腈或丙腈;和亚砜如二甲基亚砜;或水。
特别优选的是碳酸酯;乙酸;甲酸;酮;腈;醚;N-烷基化酰胺;二甲基亚砜;N-烷基吡咯烷酮;特别是乙腈、碳酸二甲酯、碳酸二乙酯、N-甲基吡咯烷酮、二甲基甲酰胺、二甲基乙酰胺、乙酸乙氧基乙酯、乙酸甲酯、丙腈、丁腈、二甲基亚砜、乙酸乙酯、丙酮、甲乙酮、甲基异丁基酮。
特别优选的溶剂是乙腈、碳酸二甲酯、碳酸二乙酯、N-甲基吡咯烷酮、二甲基甲酰胺、二甲基乙酰胺和乙酸乙氧基乙酯,特别是碳酸二甲酯。
特别优选的组合是碳酸二甲酯作为溶剂,氢氧化四甲基铵作为相转移催化剂。
尤其,在不含水的系统中,所述碱可以是碳酸盐,并且在含水溶剂系统中,也可以加入碱金属氢氧化物来控制pH;碳酸钾是优选的。优选地,所使用碱的量为每摩尔式(III)化合物需要1-2摩尔碱。
所述反应依赖于所使用溶剂的沸点。有利的温度范围大约为40-100℃,优选地大约为60-70℃。
优选地,反应时间大约为0.1-24小时,特别是3-5小时,
现已意外地发现,本发明方法能够在很大程度上满足最初所列出的要求,特别是那些与产物纯度有关的要求。
尤其已显示,当实施本发明方法时,可抑制不需要的异构体形成。特别是在胍衍生物情况下,已显示,取代反应也可以发生在携带硝基或氰基的的氮原子上:
Figure C0080932900121
例如
Figure C0080932900122
使用适宜的相转移催化剂使得可以使用在其中只得到少量不需要异构体并且容易再生的溶剂。
制备实施例:
P1:制备5-(2-氯噻唑-5-基甲基)-3-甲基-4-硝基亚氨基-全氢化-1,3,5-噁二嗪(thiamethoxam)
Figure C0080932900123
将在400g碳酸二甲酯中的184g 100%的3-甲基-4-硝基亚氨基-全氢化-1,3,5-噁二嗪放在磺化烧瓶中,并加入168g 100%的2-氯-5-氯甲基-噻唑(1.0mol)熔化物。将混合物加热至65℃。将由350g碳酸二甲酯、4g氢氧化四甲基铵五水合物和242g碳酸钾粉组成的混合物在62-68℃搅拌下测定60分钟。
将反应混合物充分搅拌5-6小时,直至99%以上的2-氯-5-氯甲基噻唑发生反应(LC控制)。
然后,将反应混合物冷却至45-50℃并与600g水混合。用大约260g32%的盐酸将反应混合物调至pH6.5,然后加热至60-65℃直至全部溶解。将溶液放置直至发生相分离,并分离有机相。将水相在50℃下用300g碳酸二甲酯再提取。
将再提取的得到的有机相与在反应混合物中得到的有机相混合。合并的有机相在60-65℃下真空(350-400mbar)浓缩至最终重量为600g(480ml)。将混合物缓慢地冷却至0-5℃并保持1小时。然后过滤所得到的悬浮液。
将滤饼分两次用300g 5-10℃的碳酸二甲酯洗涤,然后分两次用300ml水洗涤,潮湿的产物在70℃下真空干燥。
收率:218-220g纯度为98-99%的标题产物(按100%2-氯-5-氯甲基噻唑计算,为理论值的74%)。没有发现上述式(IV)异构体。通过在碳酸二甲酯中重结晶,可得到纯度为99.5%的标题产物。
其它制备方法包括将碳酸钾、3-甲基-4-硝基亚氨基--全氢化1,3,5-噁二嗪和氢氧化四甲基铵五水合物一起加到1100g碳酸二甲酯中,并在65℃下,在2-氯-5-氯甲基噻唑中测定60分钟。然后如上进行反应和处理。

Claims (7)

1.一种制备下式化合物的方法,
Figure C008093290002C1
该方法包括下式化合物
与下式化合物在溶剂或稀释剂、相转移催化剂和碱存在下进行
Figure C008093290002C3
其中Q为氯或溴,溶剂或稀释剂为碳酸酯,相转移催化剂为季铵盐,碱为碳酸盐。
2.权利要求1的方法,其中相转移催化剂为氯化四甲基铵,溴化四甲基铵,氢氧化四甲基铵,碘化四甲基铵或甲苯磺酸四甲基铵。
3.权利要求2的方法,其中相转移催化剂为氢氧化四甲基铵。
4.权利要求1的方法,其中相转移催化剂为氢氧化四甲基铵的五水合形式。
5.权利要求1的方法,其中溶剂或稀释剂为碳酸二甲酯或碳酸二乙酯。
6.权利要求5的方法,其中所用的溶剂或稀释剂为碳酸二甲酯。
7.权利要求1的方法,其中碱为碳酸钾。
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