CN1225619C - 非平面表面机壳的热绝缘抽真空护板 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种用于使具有非平面表面的机壳(3、4)热绝缘的抽真空护板，该机壳具有两个主表面，该抽真空护板包括由一个或多个隔气板构成的柔性封套(1)和至少两种板(2；2’)构成的填充材料板，该填充材料板由微孔开放的聚合物泡沫塑料构成，彼此上下叠放在一起，各个板的厚度在约2～8mm之间。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及抽真空护板，该护板可以使具有非平面的机壳热绝缘。
在温度低于约100℃时需要热绝缘的所有领域，越来越多的使用抽真空护板，特别是用塑料作的护板。作为应用的例子，有家用或商用制冷机的外壁、饮料配送机的外壁(尤其要求热绝缘，以便使温度约为70℃的热饮料部分与冷饮料部分分开)，或者需要绝热运送的例如运送药剂、冷食品或冰冻食品的容器的壁。另外，在建筑方面，以及汽车工业也在研究这种护板的应用。
背景技术
众所周知，抽真空的护板由其中装有填料的封套组成，该封套的作用是防止(或尽可能减小)大气进入到护板内，从而保持与这种应用要求的绝热程度相匹配的真空度。为此，该封套用所谓“隔气”板制作，该隔气板的特征在于具有尽可能低的气体渗透率，这种隔气板一般可以用单一组分构成，但是更经常的是由不同组分的多个结构层构成。在多层的情况下，其中一个组分层起隔气作用，而其它一些层一般起机械支撑和保护该隔气层的作用。
填料的主要作用是使得在护板内形成真空时，使封套的两个相对面板分开。下面将说明其它的特征。这种材料可以是无机材料或有机材料，前者例如为石英粉、玻璃纤维、气凝胶、硅藻土等，后者为聚氨酯或聚苯乙烯硬泡沫塑料。这两种材料均为板状或粉末状。填充材料必须是多孔的，或者是不连续的，使得其中的孔穴或缝隙可以被抽成真空。因为大气少量地渗入到护板内，实际上是不能避免的，所以在大多数情况下，这些护板还应当包含一种或多种能够吸收这些气体的材料(一般称作吸气剂)，以便使护板内的气压保持在预定值。
因为制造这些护板的材料是刚性的，所以已知的护板一般为平面结构，因而可用于具有平表面的大体平行四方形机壳的热绝缘，但是它们不适合于热绝缘具有弯曲表面的机壳，例如不适合于热绝缘浴室加热器，或者用在极地区域的输油管道，或者具有表面凹部和突出部的机器。
迄今用于使具有非平面表面机壳热绝缘的其中一种方法，在于将若干平的护板彼此连接成带状，例如用粘接剂将这些护板的边缘粘接在一起，以便得到一种可以沿结合线弯曲的复合结构，从而与要绝缘的机壳形状匹配。
然而在这种用平板做的彼此连接的结构中，在结合处可能发生热传导，所以用这种结构得到的绝热的效果不是很好。
以英国公司ICI的名义申请的专利申请WO 96/32605说明一种具有非平面形状的抽真空的刚性护板和用于制造这种护板的方法，这种方法在于在抽真空步骤之前，在填充材料上形成沿要求方向排列的具有适当宽度和深度的槽。然后将填充材料插入到封套中，并使这种组合件抽真空，利用这种方法，护板可以沿排列的槽弯曲，从而得到最后的非平面形状。最后，密封该抽真空的护板。
然而，已经观测到，在上述抽真空期间，该封套粘附在填充材料上，并至少部分地伸入到上述槽中，因而在完成上述抽真空后，该护板的厚度在其所有各个部分是不规则的。相对于同一护板的平面部分，在弯曲线部分其厚度比较小。因而热绝缘特性是不均匀的，沿弯曲线部分热绝缘性降低。
已知的非平面护板的另一个缺点在于存在这样的危险，即压入到上述槽内的封套可能破裂，因此使得大气可以进入面板内，这样便永久地损坏了护板本身的热绝缘特性。
已知非平面护板的另一个缺点在于，以便在抽真空操作期间即在制造护板的工艺期间，进行护板的弯曲。上述弯曲的最后形状显著地增加了护板所占的空间，而如果在最后安装护板期间进行这种弯曲，则是更为方便的，这样可以减小运输和储存护板的困难和成本。
发明内容
因此，本发明的目的是提供一种不存在上述缺点的用于热绝缘具有非平面表面机壳的抽真空护板。利用一种抽真空护板可以达到上述目的。
为此，本发明提供了一种用于使具有非平面表面的机壳热绝缘的抽真空护板，具有两个主表面并包括柔性的封套，该封套由一个或多个隔气板和填充材料构成，其特征在于，上述填充材料由至少两个微孔开放的泡沫塑料板构成，该泡沫塑料板上下叠放，各个泡沫塑料板的厚度约在2～8mm之间。
本发明的抽真空护板的优点在于，由于填充材料具有特殊结构，所以它能够弯曲到贴合于需要热绝缘的机壳壁上，不需要在填充材料上形成任何槽。
本发明抽真空护板的另一个优点是，在弯曲期间只在上述弯曲部分的内侧形成的一些皱纹，因为皱纹很小，所以不会造成封套的破裂，或者不会使大气渗透到护板的内部。
另外，可以将本发明的抽真空护板制造成平板的形状，并以平板的形状储存和运送到最后要用的地方，然后再弯曲该抽真空护板，使其贴合在需要热绝缘的机壳上。
本发明抽真空护板的另一个优点在于，它可以作成具有不同的厚度，方法是，采用用一种材料作的不同数量的填充料板。
本发明抽真空护板的另一优点在于，在护板的主要表面上可以简单地不用轧制操作制造一个或多个凹部，使得该凹部可以与需要绝缘的机壳表面上可能存在的凸部互补。
附图说明
下面参考附图，详细说明一些实施例，从这些详细说明中，技术人员可以明显看出本发明护板的其它优点和特征，这些附图是：
图1是横截面图，示出本发明第一实施例的具有平板结构的抽真空护板；
图2是横截面图，示出图1抽真空护板处于弯曲的状态；
图3是横截面图，示出本发明第二实施例的抽真空护板。
具体实施方式
下面参考图1，图中示出本发明第一实施例的抽真空护板，该护板包括已知类型的封套1，该封套例如由两个沿其边缘焊接的隔气板和许多填充材料薄板2构成，这些薄板尺寸彼此相同，一个接一个叠放在上述封套1中。该薄板2组件的总厚度等于要求的护板厚度，而在迄今为止的已知薄板中只有一个填充材料板。
上述薄板2最好用微孔开口的聚合材料制作，厚度必须充分小，使其能够被弯曲。取决于所用的聚合物材料，该薄板的厚度可在2～8mm之间变化。作为填充材料，最好应用聚氨酯泡沫塑料板，厚度约4～6mm。沿水平方向切割用于制作已知类型护板的聚合物板，即平行于其主表面进行切割便可以获得这些厚度值。或者可以按照这种领域中已知的工艺采用压缩方法减小这种板的厚度。
下面参照图2，图中示出本发明的抽真空护板，该护板已被弯曲，并放置在圆筒机壳3的侧表面上，并覆盖该表面。由于护板包含的各个板2厚度小且具有柔性，所以该护板可以被弯曲。在弯曲操作期间，上述板2可以彼此滑动，因此可以形成不同的最后弯曲半径，因此它们的端部不是对齐的。为了便于不同板2来回滑动和板的弯曲，可以在各对相邻的填充材料板之间插入塑料片。
在图3中，示出本发明特定实施例的抽真空护板。该护板放置在机壳4的非平面表面上。在此处所述的特殊情况下，上述非平面表面是一个曲面，包含例如突出部5。
该抽真空护板由封套1构成，该封套包括许多填充材料板2，在图中包括4个板2，在两个相邻的板2’上已经形成凹部，该凹部的形状和尺寸相当于上述非平面表面突出部5的形状和尺寸。其中一个板2’邻接封套1。因为抽真空，所以封套1贴合在填充材料的外表面上，而在凹部处则贴合在不形成凹部的内板2的表面上。这样，护板2主表面的一个表面上便具有准确与上述突出部5互补的凹部6。
很明显，形成凹部的板2’的数目和凹部的尺寸取决于在护板的一个表面上需要的凹部形状。
本发明的护板可以包括一种或多种吸气材料，即适合于化学吸收潮气或吸收其它大气气体的材料。最好采用由两种或三种吸气材料构成的系统，该系统至少包括一种潮气化学吸附剂和至少一种组分，该组分选自过渡金属氧化物(主要功能是吸收氢气、一氧化氮和碳氢化合物)和钡基与锂基合金(主要是吸收氮气)。本申请公司出售这种不同的吸气系统，其商品名称为COMBOGETTER，除此以外，还采用一些特殊的吸气系统，如在EP-B-769117中所述的包含潮气吸附剂和钡基与锂基合金粉的系统，以及在专利申请EP-A-757920中所述的包含潮气吸附剂、过渡金属氧化物以及选择加入钡基与锂基合金粉的吸气系统。
Claims (8)
1.一种用于使具有非平面表面的机壳(3、4)热绝缘的抽真空护板，具有两个主表面并包括柔性的封套(1)，该封套由一个或多个隔气板和填充材料构成，其特征在于，上述填充材料由至少两个微孔开放的泡沫塑料板(2、2’)构成，该泡沫塑料板上下叠放，各个泡沫塑料板的厚度约在2～8mm之间。
2.如权利要求1所述的抽真空护板，其特征在于，它还包括插放在各对相邻泡沫塑料板之间的塑料片，以便于泡沫塑料板来回滑动。
3.如权利要求1所述的抽真空护板，其特征在于，上述泡沫塑料板(2、2’)用聚氨酯泡沫塑料制作，各个板的厚度在4～6mm之间。
4.如上述任一项权利要求所述的抽真空护板，其特征在于，上述泡沫塑料板(2)基本上彼此相等。
5.如权利要求1所述的抽真空护板，其特征在于，在一个或多个相邻的泡沫塑料板(2’)上形成至少一个凹部，该凹部的形状和尺寸与上述机壳(4)的非平面表面上形成的突出部(5)的形状和尺寸一致，该泡沫塑料板中的一个板邻接封套(1)。
6.如权利要求1所述的抽真空护板，其特征在于，该封套(1)由至少一个多层板构成。
7.如权利要求1所述的抽真空护板，其特征在于，该护板包括吸气材料或机构。
8.如权利要求7所述的抽真空护板，其特征在于，上述吸气机构包括至少一种潮气化学吸附剂和至少一种选自过渡金属氧化物和钡基与锂基合金的组分。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| IT2000MI001489A IT1318100B1 (it) | 2000-06-30 | 2000-06-30 | Pannello evacuato per isolamento termico di un corpo avente superficinon piane |
| ITMI2000A001489 | 2000-06-30 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1440499A CN1440499A (zh) | 2003-09-03 |
| CN1225619C true CN1225619C (zh) | 2005-11-02 |
Family
ID=11445391
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB018120873A Expired - Fee Related CN1225619C (zh) | 2000-06-30 | 2001-06-27 | 非平面表面机壳的热绝缘抽真空护板 |
Country Status (14)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US7334375B2 (zh) |
| EP (1) | EP1297279A1 (zh) |
| JP (1) | JP2004502118A (zh) |
| KR (1) | KR20030019473A (zh) |
| CN (1) | CN1225619C (zh) |
| AU (1) | AU2001271005A1 (zh) |
| BR (1) | BR0112098B1 (zh) |
| CA (1) | CA2411376A1 (zh) |
| IT (1) | IT1318100B1 (zh) |
| MX (1) | MXPA02012685A (zh) |
| PL (1) | PL358742A1 (zh) |
| RU (1) | RU2260738C2 (zh) |
| TW (1) | TW548186B (zh) |
| WO (1) | WO2002002987A1 (zh) |
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-
2000
- 2000-06-30 IT IT2000MI001489A patent/IT1318100B1/it active
-
2001
- 2001-06-22 TW TW090115323A patent/TW548186B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-06-27 AU AU2001271005A patent/AU2001271005A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-06-27 KR KR1020027018033A patent/KR20030019473A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2001-06-27 JP JP2002507215A patent/JP2004502118A/ja active Pending
- 2001-06-27 EP EP01949895A patent/EP1297279A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2001-06-27 PL PL01358742A patent/PL358742A1/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-06-27 CN CNB018120873A patent/CN1225619C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-06-27 MX MXPA02012685A patent/MXPA02012685A/es unknown
- 2001-06-27 BR BRPI0112098-0A patent/BR0112098B1/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-06-27 CA CA002411376A patent/CA2411376A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-06-27 RU RU2003102636/06A patent/RU2260738C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-06-27 WO PCT/IT2001/000340 patent/WO2002002987A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
-
2002
- 2002-12-30 US US10/331,878 patent/US7334375B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| IT1318100B1 (it) | 2003-07-23 |
| ITMI20001489A0 (it) | 2000-06-30 |
| BR0112098A (pt) | 2003-05-06 |
| MXPA02012685A (es) | 2003-04-25 |
| BR0112098B1 (pt) | 2010-11-16 |
| AU2001271005A1 (en) | 2002-01-14 |
| PL358742A1 (en) | 2004-08-09 |
| TW548186B (en) | 2003-08-21 |
| KR20030019473A (ko) | 2003-03-06 |
| EP1297279A1 (en) | 2003-04-02 |
| ITMI20001489A1 (it) | 2001-12-30 |
| US7334375B2 (en) | 2008-02-26 |
| WO2002002987A1 (en) | 2002-01-10 |
| CA2411376A1 (en) | 2002-01-10 |
| CN1440499A (zh) | 2003-09-03 |
| RU2260738C2 (ru) | 2005-09-20 |
| JP2004502118A (ja) | 2004-01-22 |
| US20030101672A1 (en) | 2003-06-05 |
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