CN113950462A - 用于处理水处理残余物的方法和设备 - Google Patents

用于处理水处理残余物的方法和设备 Download PDF

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CN113950462A
CN113950462A CN202080039721.7A CN202080039721A CN113950462A CN 113950462 A CN113950462 A CN 113950462A CN 202080039721 A CN202080039721 A CN 202080039721A CN 113950462 A CN113950462 A CN 113950462A
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residue
heating
temperature
heating chamber
residues
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马克·罗素
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Adis Group Co ltd
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Adis Group Co ltd
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Abstract

一种用于处理水处理残余物或其它富含非晶态氧化铝或氢氧化铝的废弃残余物以便用在水硬粘合剂制造中的方法，包括加热该残余物以除去水和氧化其中所含的有机材料，包括在加热过程中控制残余物温度，使得它们被加热到不高于800℃，更优选不高于650℃的温度，以保证WTR中的铝化合物，尤其是氧化铝和氢氧化铝保持在非晶态。该方法可以包括控制该水处理残余物的温度，使得它们被加热到在350℃与650℃之间，更优选在400℃与500℃之间的温度。

Description

用于处理水处理残余物的方法和设备
发明领域
本发明涉及用于处理水处理残余物或其它富含非晶态的氧化铝或氢氧化铝的废弃残余物以提供原材料以用在用于建筑和相关应用的水硬粘合剂制造中的方法和设备，特别是含铝酸钙的水硬粘合剂。
发明背景
水处理残余物(以下称为WTR或者残余物)是借助絮凝剂的凝固的饮用水工业净化的废料，一般包含铝化合物如常被称为明巩的硫酸铝(Al2(SO4)3·14H2O)，或硫酸铝铁(ferrum)。凝固除去悬浮在未经处理的自然水中的颗粒。所牵涉的化学反应包括：
Al2(SO4)3·14H2O→2Al(OH)3(s)+6H++3SO4 2-+8H2O
凝固的固体与处理后的水分离开以形成富含铝的废泥浆，其被称之为WTR。WTR由水、有机材料、残余絮凝剂和其它微量组分构成。当前只有少量用于这种物质的可行回收选项，大部分这种物质是以垃圾填埋结束。这种废物在世界范围内生成并且其回收能力将会具有全球吸引力。但是，WTR是非晶态氧化铝和/或非晶态氢氧化铝的良好来源。
因此，本发明的目的是提供一种用于处理水处理残余物的方法和一种用于处理水处理残余物的设备，它们不具有这些缺点或至少部分不具有这些缺点。
发明概述
此目的通过权利要求书来实现。因此，该目的通过一种具有独立权利要求1的特征的用于处理水处理残余物的方法和一种具有独立权利要求20的特征的用于处理水处理残余物的设备来实现。本发明的进一步细节由从属权利要求以及说明书和附图展开。根据本发明，关于用于处理水处理残余物的方法所描述的特征和细节也与根据本发明的用于处理水处理残余物的相应设备相关地适用，反之亦然，因此根据本发明单个方面的披露内容，它可以总是彼此相关的。
如前所述，术语“水处理残余物”可尤其被理解为饮用水处理残余物，其可以比其它的残余物例如废水处理残余物等更容易地被净化，特别是因为它们的污染程度较轻。因为饮用水和废水的成分不同，故它们(饮用水/废水)不可直接相比。
术语“非晶态”可以尤其关于结晶度来理解和解释。结晶度由此可以用作材料非晶特性的尺度，这些特性相互成反比。特别是，根据本发明的富含非晶态的氧化铝或氢氧化铝的废弃残余物具有小于25重量％，优选小于20重量％，特别是小于15重量％的结晶度。结晶度可以例如通过光谱方法、DSC测量或X射线衍射试验来测量。
根据本发明的第一方面，提供一种用于处理水处理残余物或其它富含非晶态氧化铝或氢氧化铝的废弃残余物以用在水硬粘合剂制造中的方法，所述方法包括加热残余物以除去水和氧化其所含的有机材料，包括控制残余物温度，使得它们被加热到不高于800℃的温度。
优选地，该方法包括控制残余物的温度，使得它们被加热到不高于700℃，更优选不超过650℃的温度。
优选地，该方法包括控制残余物的温度，使得它们被加热到在350℃与650℃之间的温度，更优选是在400℃与500℃之间的温度。
通过控制残余物的温度，残余物中的任何氧化铝或氢氧化铝保持在其非晶态且因此是反应性状态，因而在水硬粘合剂制造中保持有效。
可选地，残余物可以在加热室内被加热，残余物的温度通过将空气和/或水添加至该室被控制和/或通过温度控制机构控制由加热机构供给加热室的热被控制。
优选地，空气以适于保证残余物中的基本上所有的有机材料都被氧化的速度被添加至该加热室。
加热室内的残余物可以通过加热加热室的外部被间接加热和/或加热室的外部通过直接作用于加热室的外部的燃烧器被加热。
优选地，该加热室位于接收来自燃烧器的热气的加热套内。
优选地，在加热之前，残余物被至少部分脱水。残余物可以通过机械加工过程被脱水，例如带式干燥机和/或回转式干燥机。优选地，残余物被脱水至具有在20％和40％之间的含水量。
优选地，残余物可以在加热之后被碾磨和/或磨削至40微米或约40微米的颗粒尺寸。
当残余物可以在加热之后被水合以将非晶态氧化铝转化为非晶态氢氧化铝时，可以获得其它优点。
此外有利的是，残余物尤其在加热之后可以在有水的情况下与钙离子源和硫酸根离子源混合以形成钙矾石。例如，残余物尤其在加热之后可以在有水的情况下与波特兰水泥、水合石灰和硫酸钙混合。
另外有利的是，残余物尤其在加热之后可以在有水的情况下与钙离子源混合以形成铝酸钙。
还有利的是，残余物可以在有水的情况下与钙离子源和硫酸根离子源混合以形成铝酸钙和硫铝酸钙。
根据本发明的另一方面，提供一种用于处理水处理残余物或其它富含非晶态氧化铝或氢氧化铝的废弃残余物以用在水硬粘合剂制造中的设备，包括可在其中加热残余物的加热室、用于加热加热室的机构和用于控制其中温度的机构。
另外有利的是，该设备被设计成执行根据第一方面的方法。于是，根据本发明的设备具有与以上关于本发明方法所详细描述的一样的优点。如此设计的设备是尤其有利的，因为它允许在用于建筑和相关应用的水硬粘合剂，尤其是含铝酸钙的水硬粘合剂的制造中使用水处理残余物。
此外有利的是，该加热室可以通过作用于加热室的外壁上的燃烧器被加热和/或该加热室可以通过将热气从燃烧室通入包围加热室的加热套被加热。
优选地，设有用于添加空气至加热室的机构。优选地，来自加热机构的燃烧气体可以被用来预热被添加至加热室的空气。
此外有利的是该加热室可以适于在加热期间转动。
替代地或附加地，有利的是该加热室包括管状卷筒，其以绕纵轴线转动的方式安装并且在一端具有入口并在相对一端具有出口。
还可行的是，该设备还可以包括在加热室上游的用于减小残余物的含水量的脱水机构。
也可能可行的是，该设备还可以包括在加热室下游的用于在加热之后减小残余物颗粒尺寸的碾磨和/或磨削机构。
优选地，该温度控制机构可适于限制残余物温度到不高于700℃，更优选地不高于650℃。
此外有利的是，该温度控制机构可适于控制加热室内的残余物温度至在350℃和650℃之间，更优选地在400℃和500℃之间。
附图简介
本发明的其它优点、特征和细节由以下参照附图对本发明的工作例子的详细说明展开。现在，将仅参照附图来举例描述根据本发明的实施例的本发明的用于处理水处理残余物或其它富含非晶态氧化铝或氢氧化铝的废物或水处理残余物(以下称为残余物)的方法和设备，其中：
图1是根据本发明的用于处理残余物的设备的示意图；
图2是图1的设备的横截面图。
附图具体说明
现在将会举例描述根据本发明实施例的用于处理残余物的方法。该方法包括以下步骤：
1.去除水分：来自水处理过程的残余物或者其它富含非晶态的氧化铝或氢氧化铝的废弃残余物可以一开始在滤床中被压滤，一般在水处理厂中，在此，残余物的含水量可被减少至60-80％。其它水分优选通过机械干燥被除去，例如使用带式干燥机或回转干燥机，或者在塑料大棚下的太阳能干燥，以产生其含水量在20％和30％之间的残余物。
2.热处理：部分干燥的残余物接着被加热到350℃和800℃之间以除去(烧掉)有机碳成分而未达到足以将残余物内所存在的非晶态氧化铝或氢氧化铝转化至其结晶非反应性状态的高温。被用于热处理步骤的装备可以包括间接回转煅烧炉，如图所示(尽管可设想其它的热处理技术)。
最佳的处理温度优选不高于800℃，更优选不高于650℃，以保证残余物中的铝化合物，特别是氧化铝和氢氧化铝保持在非晶态。在高于800℃的温度下，这样的非晶态铝化合物开始转化成结晶非反应性形态。基于与成本相平衡的除碳效率，优选的热处理温度在400℃和500℃之间。
如图所示，加热可以在间接回转煅烧炉的干燥室2内进行，其中，燃烧产物未直接接触到正被处理的残余物。热通过透过干燥室2的壁的传导和辐射被传递至残余物。干燥室2可以通过位于围绕干燥室2的外壁的加热套6内的燃烧器4被加热，如图1所示，或者通过使用单独的燃烧室，热气从这里被通至围绕干燥室2安装的加热套6。附加的工艺空气A优选被吹入干燥室以提供额外氧气用于残余物中的有机材料的完全燃烧。所添加的空气也可以被用来控制室内温度。工艺空气可以通过喷气管8被输入至干燥室。每公斤碳需要2.67公斤的氧气以完全燃烧。因此，在供应的泥浆中，每公斤碳每小时9立方米空气的工艺空气流速是优选的。
可设想到换热器可被用来从燃烧废气中回收热以在工艺空气进入干燥室之前预热工艺空气。
如图2所示，干燥室6可以被转动并且可以含有用于在加热时破碎并混合残余物的桨叶10。
3.碾磨：在热处理之后，呈灰烬形式的残余物被研磨或碾磨优选至约40微米的颗粒尺寸。
4.水合：以上过程将形成含有非晶态氧化铝的产物，其可被成功用作粘结性粘合剂的组分。但是，对于某些应用需要非晶态氢氧化铝。在这样的情况下，该产品可以与由石灰生产粉末化水合石灰基本一样的方式被水合。水合可以发生在碾磨阶段之前或之后。
钙离子源可以被添加至残余物，优选在加热之后或者可选地在加热之前，以在有水的情况下形成铝酸钙。
该残余物一般具有大约7MJ/Kg的卡路里值并因此可以在燃烧期间提供燃料源。
从残余物中除去有机材料对于最终产品的几乎所有的成功应用都是重要的，特别是作为用于水硬粘合剂制造的原材料。
如前所述，从经过处理的残余物制造的产品主要由非晶态氧化铝和/或非晶态氢氧化铝(一般是75-80％非晶态氧化铝)组成。余下组分(主要是不同量的石英、氧化铁和一些残余碳)是基本惰性的填料。保留在经过处理的残余物中的非晶态氧化铝/氢氧化铝可以反应生成粘结性矿物。
当经过处理的残余物在有水的情况下与钙离子源(如波特兰水泥、水合石灰)和硫酸根离子源(如硫酸钙)混合时，可以形成钙矾石(Ca6[Al(OH)6]2(SO4)3.26H2O)。
当经过处理的残余物在有水的情况下与钙离子源(例如波特兰水泥、水合石灰)混合时，可以形成水合铝酸钙。
用来制造粘结性材料的准确配方将依赖于残余物的化学组分和具体工业应用。
可以想到，经过处理的残余物的一种应用可被用在地台砂浆底层制造中。已经发现，尤其呈钙矾石形式的经过处理的残余物显示出收缩补偿特性。因此，由处理后的残余物制造的产品可以是波特兰水泥或硬石膏基砂浆底层的直接竞争者。
实验室尝试已经表明，该残余物也可以在有水合石灰或碳酸钙的情况下被热处理而形成铝酸钙例如钙铝石。由此而来的铝酸钙也可以被用在上述的应用中。
本发明不局限于在此所述的实施例，而是可以在不超出如所附权利要求书所限定的本发明范围的情况下被修改或改动。

Claims (33)

1.一种用于处理水处理残余物或其它富含非晶态氧化铝或氢氧化铝的废弃残余物以便用在水硬粘合剂的制造中的方法，包括加热该残余物以除去水和氧化其中所含的有机材料，其中，该残余物的温度在加热过程中被控制，使得它们被加热到不高于800℃的温度。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，包括控制该残余物的温度，使得它们被加热到不高于700℃，更优选不高于650℃的温度。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法，包括控制该残余物的温度，使得它们被加热到在350℃与650℃之间的温度。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法，包括控制该残余物的温度，使得它们被加热到在400℃与500℃之间的温度。
5.根据前述权利要求之一所述的方法，其中，该残余物的温度在加热过程中被控制，使得存在于该残余物中的非晶态氧化铝和/或氢氧化铝保持在其非晶态。
6.根据前述权利要求之一所述的方法，其中，该残余物在加热室内被加热，该残余物的温度通过添加空气和/或水至该室和/或通过控制对该加热室的供热被控制。
7.根据权利要求6所述的方法，其中，空气以适于保证该残余物中的所有有机材料或基本上所有有机材料被氧化的速率被添加至该加热室。
8.根据权利要求6或7所述的方法，其中，该加热室内的残余物通过加热该加热室的外部被间接加热。
9.根据权利要求8所述的方法，其中，该加热室的外部通过直接作用于该加热室的外部的燃烧器被加热。
10.根据权利要求8所述的方法，其中，该加热室位于接收来自燃烧器的热气的加热套内。
11.根据前述权利要求之一所述的方法，其中，在加热前，该残余物被至少部分地脱水。
12.根据权利要求11所述的方法，其中，该残余物通过机械过程被脱水。
13.根据权利要求12所述的方法，其中，该残余物在带式干燥机或回转式干燥机中被脱水。
14.根据权利要求11至13之一所述的方法，其中，该残余物被脱水至具有在20％和40％之间的含水量。
15.根据前述权利要求之一所述的方法，其中，该残余物在加热之后被碾磨或研磨至40微米或约40微米的颗粒尺寸。
16.根据前述权利要求之一所述的方法，其中，该残余物在加热之后被水合以将非晶态氧化铝转化为非晶态氢氧化铝。
17.根据前述权利要求之一所述的方法，其中，该残余物在有水的情况下与钙离子源和硫酸根离子源混合而形成钙矾石。
18.根据权利要求17所述的方法，其中，该残余物在有水的情况下与波特兰水泥、水合石灰和硫酸钙混合。
19.根据权利要求1至16之一所述的方法，其中，该残余物在有水的情况下与钙离子源混合。
20.一种用于处理水处理残余物或其它富含非晶态氧化铝或氢氧化铝的废弃残余物以用在水硬粘合剂制造中的设备，包括该残余物能在其中被加热的加热室、用于加热该加热室的机构和用于控制其中温度的机构。
21.根据权利要求20所述的设备，其中，该加热室通过作用于该加热室的外壁的燃烧器被加热。
22.根据权利要求20所述的设备，其中，该加热室通过将热气从燃烧室通入包围该加热室的加热套被加热。
23.根据权利要求20至22之一所述的设备，其特征是，设有用于添加空气到该加热室的机构。
24.根据权利要求22所述的设备，其特征是，来自加热机构的燃烧气体被用于预热被添加至该加热室的空气。
25.根据权利要求19至23之一所述的设备，其中，该加热室适于在加热过程中被转动。
26.根据权利要求23所述的设备，其中，该加热室包括管状卷筒，其以绕纵轴线转动的方式安装并在一端具有入口且在相对一端具有出口。
27.根据权利要求20至26之一所述的设备，还包括在该加热室上游的用于减少该水处理残余物的含水量的脱水机构。
28.根据权利要求20至27之一所述的设备，还包括在该加热室下游的用于在加热后减小该水处理残余物的颗粒尺寸的碾磨和/或研磨机构。
29.根据权利要求20至28之一所述的设备，其中，该温度控制机构适于限制该水处理残余物温度至不高于700℃。
30.根据权利要求20至28之一所述的设备，其中，该温度控制机构适于限制该水处理残余物的温度不高于650℃。
31.根据权利要求20至30之一所述的设备，其中，该温度控制机构适于控制该加热室内的水处理残余物的温度到350℃和650℃之间。
32.根据权利要求20至31之一所述的设备，其中，该温度控制机构适于控制该加热室内的水处理残余物的温度到400℃和500℃之间。
33.根据权利要求20至32之一所述的设备，其中，该设备设计成执行根据前述权利要求1至19之一所述的方法。
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