CN114007996A - 将含铝酸钙的水硬粘合剂用于制造建材的用途 - Google Patents

将含铝酸钙的水硬粘合剂用于制造建材的用途 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114007996A
CN114007996A CN202080038955.XA CN202080038955A CN114007996A CN 114007996 A CN114007996 A CN 114007996A CN 202080038955 A CN202080038955 A CN 202080038955A CN 114007996 A CN114007996 A CN 114007996A
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use according
building material
proportion
calcium aluminate
production
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斯蒂芬·艾伦·布鲁克斯
鲁迪格·奥伯斯特-帕特伯格
约尔格·西克斯梅尔
休伯特·莫泽特
迈克尔·庞伯格
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Adis Group Co ltd
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Adis Group Co ltd
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Publication of CN114007996A publication Critical patent/CN114007996A/zh
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    • C04B7/00—Hydraulic cements
    • C04B7/32—Aluminous cements
    • C04B7/323—Calcium aluminosulfate cements, e.g. cements hydrating into ettringite
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    • C01F—COMPOUNDS OF THE METALS BERYLLIUM, MAGNESIUM, ALUMINIUM, CALCIUM, STRONTIUM, BARIUM, RADIUM, THORIUM, OR OF THE RARE-EARTH METALS
    • C01F7/00—Compounds of aluminium
    • C01F7/02—Aluminium oxide; Aluminium hydroxide; Aluminates
    • C01F7/46—Purification of aluminium oxide, aluminium hydroxide or aluminates
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种将含铝酸钙的水硬粘合剂用于制造建材的用途，该水硬粘合剂通过如下方法获得，其中，a)经过制备的非晶态的富含氧化铝和/或富含氢氧化铝的残余物在添加了b)含钙离子的粘合剂组分和c)水之后被加热。

Description

将含铝酸钙的水硬粘合剂用于制造建材的用途
技术领域
本发明涉及一种将含铝酸钙的粘合剂用于制造建材的用途。
背景技术
建筑业在近年来国家投资推动下所获订单量持续走高并在当下占据生产行业的相当可观部分。因此，关于达成最近越来越强烈引起关注的气候政策目标，也更多地要求建筑业遵循环保和经久概念。因此缘故，近年来已创建了经久建筑的概念，其遵循各种做法来在保护生态体系和环境下实行构建措施。
关于可能的出发点，尤其最强烈促动气候变化的因素在此尤其引人关注。因此，除在建筑业内必然大量需求化石类能量载体外，尤其大量建材需求还显著促成气候变化。与用于降低对化石类能量载体的要求的方法不同，经久建筑材料的开发还具有开发要求。因此，例如当今已知的水硬粘合剂或已知建材的制造通常还牵涉到可观地使用自然资源和大量的能量耗用。已知的水硬粘合剂或由已知的水硬粘合剂制造的建材的耐久性通常是值得优化的。
发明内容
因此，本发明的任务是至少部分消除已知用于制造建材的产品和系统的前述缺点。本发明的任务尤其是允许可多样化使用的且容易廉价制造的建材的经久且环保的制造方式。
前面任务通过具有独立用途权利要求的特征的用途来完成。本发明的其它特征和细节来自各自从属权利要求和说明书。
本发明规定一种将含铝酸钙的水硬粘合剂用于制造建材的用途，其中，通过如下方法获得含铝酸钙的水硬粘合剂，其中，a)经过制备的非晶态的富含氧化铝和/或富含氢氧化铝的残余物在添加b)含钙离子的粘合剂组分和c)水之后被加热。
水硬粘合剂在本发明范围内优选是指如下材料，其在用水搅拌之后因与搅拌水发生化学反应而自动凝固和硬化并且在硬化之后在水下仍保持坚硬且体积稳定。根据本发明，残余物尤其是指在加工过程中出现的残余物，其未被规定用于再次使用并且其因此应当被除去(有时复杂且成本高昂)。制备在本发明范围内可以尤其是指一种处理形式，其例如包含汇集、过滤、干燥、粉碎等。在本发明的范围内，富含氧化铝和/或富含氢氧化铝的残余物尤其是指如下材料，其关于材料干质量含量具有至少5重量％、优选至少30重量％、尤其是至少50重量％的氧化铝份额或氢氧化铝份额(氧化铝的或氢氧化铝的总量)。此时显然的是该材料基本上也能只以两种组分之一的形式构成。
在这里已经提出以下的说明，即，技术人员关于对混合物内的组分的优选重量份额的说明很可能能够将所述范围相互组合，从而该混合物的所有组分的总份额为100重量％。
在本发明范围内发现了，尤其是通过使用非晶态的富含氧化铝和/或富含氢氧化铝的制备残余物而能以简单廉价的方式制造可多样化使用的水硬粘合剂，其同时对永续建筑作出贡献，其中，所述贡献在此尤其是如此提供的，即，自然资源得到爱护，因为残余物或废料被用来制造水硬粘合剂，否则所述残余物或废料应当被费事且高成本地除去。
关于水硬粘合剂的易加工性以及高的持水能力，可以根据主题而有利规定，非晶态的富含氧化铝和/或富含氢氧化铝的制备残余物具有小于25重量％、优选小于20重量％、尤其是小于15重量％的结晶度。结晶度在此情况下应该作为用于材料非晶特性的尺度，在这里，所述性能表现为相互成反比。在此情况下，结晶度可以例如通过光谱方法、DSC测量或X射线衍射试验来测量。
关于经过制备的富含氧化铝和/或富含氢氧化铝的残余物的特别简单、高效且廉价的使用可能性，本发明可以有利地规定，经过制备的富含氧化铝和/或富含氢氧化铝的残余物至少部分、优选完全以饮用水净化残余物的形式构成。在此情况下，饮用水净化残余物具有尤其是高的氧化铝含量和/或氢氧化铝含量并且要以比其它残余物例如像废水净化残余物等明显更容易的方式被净化，尤其是因为它们含有更少量有害物质。因为饮用水和废水有不同的内含物质，故它们(饮用水/废水)不能直接相比。
关于基于矿物的建材的制造还有利的是，富含氧化铝和/或富含氢氧化铝的制备残余物基本不含有机材料。有机材料在此是指如下材料，其包含碳化合物并且不属于以下化合物类型之一：元素碳、无水硫族化物、碳酸、碳酸盐、碳化物、氰化物、氰酸盐和硫氰酸盐。“基本没有”意味着残余物含量优选小于2重量％、尤其优选小于0.5重量％、尤其是小于0.1重量％。
为了允许迅速简单地处理含铝酸钙的水硬粘合剂，还可以有利地规定，富含氧化铝和/或富含氢氧化铝的制备残余物基本无水。“基本无水”在此意味着含水量优选小于5重量％、尤其优选小于2重量％、尤其小于0.5重量％。
关于含铝酸钙的水硬粘合剂的易加工性以及高的持水能力，也可以根据主题而有利规定，富含氧化铝和/或富含氢氧化铝的制备残余物具有小于100μm、优选小于50μm、尤其是小于40μm的颗粒尺寸。
关于尽量多的成本节约和尽量高的耐久性，本发明还可以有利地规定，富含氧化铝和/或富含氢氧化铝的制备残余物关于建材的总干质量以0.5-65重量％、优选是1-55重量％、尤其是2-45重量％的份额被使用或包含在建材中。
关于保证作为主题的富含氧化铝和/或富含氢氧化铝的制备残余物的即时可使用性而还能规定该材料被预先调温处理，做法是例如在低于700℃、优选低于650℃的温度、尤其优选在650℃至350℃之间的温度、尤其在400℃至500℃之间的温度被预先处理。同样，残余物可被利用气流预先处理或被预先脱水。
关于具有尽量短的处理时间的建材的制造，可以根据主题而尤其规定，为了制造建材而规定添加钙矾石成分、优选含钙的和/或含硫酸盐的钙矾石成分。在此情况下，钙矾石成分尤其可以关于建材干重量以20-70重量％份额被使用。优选地，钙矾石成分在此情况下能以铝酸钙、硫铝酸钙水泥、铝酸钠、黏土熔烧水泥、硫酸铝、氢氧化铝或其混合物的形式构成。
关于高强度、快速可加工性和建材性能的多变可调节性，为了制造建材，本发明规定添加波特兰水泥和/或熟石灰和/或氧化钙和/或硫酸钙。同样，可以添加火山灰、石灰或类似物质。
为了获得凝固时间尽量短、快速硬化且具有高的早期强度和收缩补偿的建材，该建材能有利地具有三元粘合剂，其中，该三元粘合剂优选包含黏土水泥、波特兰水泥和硫酸盐载体。
在此情况下，三元粘合剂有利地关于三元粘合剂的总质量具有20-70重量％的黏土水泥、10-40重量％的硫酸盐载体和0.2-20重量％的波特兰水泥。
为了能理想地调节建材的凝固时间，硫酸盐载体优选能以硫酸钙-α-半水合物、硫酸钙-
Figure BDA0003374525880000041
-半水合物、硬石膏、硫酸钙二水合物或其混合物形式构成。
为了建材的机械性能和处理性能的更好的可调节性，该建材有利地可以具有填料，其中，该建材中的填料能优选关于建材的总干质量以10-90重量％、尤其优选是20-80重量％、尤其是以30-70重量％的份额被添加。要注意的是，技术人员关于与多个组分的优选范围的说明很可能能够将所述范围相互组合，以致所有组分的总份额为100％。
在此情况下，该填料优选可以具备小于2mm、尤其优选小于1mm的颗粒尺寸，尤其是10-500μm的颗粒尺寸。此外，填料能以各种不同变体的形式存在，例如像以煤粉、石英砂、大理石、白垩、黏土、泥灰、滑石或轻型填料如由玻璃、陶瓷或塑料组成的微型空心球或者轻型填料如膨胀玻璃、膨胀云母、膨胀珍珠岩、膨胀页岩、膨胀黏土、煤飞灰、碎砖、天然浮石、凝灰岩、火山熔岩、矿渣浮石、锅炉砂或其混合物的形式。
为了建材性能的进一步优选定制的可调节性，可以为了制造建材而规定添加添加剂，其中，该添加剂能优选关于建材的总干质量以0.001-10重量％、尤其优选0.005-5重量％、尤其是0.01-2.5重量％的份额被添加。
关于建材性能的尤其多样化的可调节性，所述添加剂例如能以液化剂、延迟剂、加速剂、调节剂、稳定剂、消泡剂或密封剂的形式构成。液化剂优选能以0.001-5重量％占比存在于建材中并且优选设置用于减少建材搅拌时的需水量以及用于快速生成早期强度。液化剂或流动剂或分散剂在此情况下尤其能以基于聚羧酸、三聚氰胺磺酸盐、酪蛋白或饱和或不饱和单碳酸或二碳酸衍生物或者氧化烯乙二醇-烯基醚和/或酯的改性液化剂形式构成。延迟剂还优选能以0.001-2重量％的份额存在于建材中并且有利地以葡萄酸、柠檬酸或其一种或多种盐的形式构成。该加速剂还优选能以硬化加速剂的形式构成并且例如以0.001-2重量％份额存在于建材内。加速剂在此尤其可以基于碱金属碳酸盐如LiCO3等存在。稳定剂还能有利地以0.001-2重量％占比存在于建材中并且例如以杂多糖、纤维素、纤维素衍生物如羟基纤维素等形式构成。消泡剂还例如能以0.001-1重量％的份额存在于建材中。除了上述添加剂外，建材中也还可以存在其它的添加剂、例如增稠剂、颜料、还原剂、引气剂、加工助剂、疏水剂、湿润剂、杀虫剂、杀菌剂、灭藻剂或防火剂等。
关于快速硬化的且不透水的耐拉弯和耐压建材的制造，还可以根据主题而规定，为了制造建材而规定添加环氧树脂和环氧硬化剂，其中，该环氧树脂和环氧硬化剂的总量可优选关于建材的总干质量以10-60重量％的份额被添加。
为了尤其是改善建材的粘着性、弹性和加工能力而也可根据主题规定，该建材具有塑料分散粉，其中，塑料分散粉优选关于建材的总干质量以0.1-20重量％、尤其优选是0.5-10重量％、尤其是1-5重量％的份额存在于建材中。
塑料分散粉在此情况下可以例如基于乙烯基聚合物或丙烯酸酯聚合物、尤其是基于聚乙酸乙烯酯、聚叔碳酸乙烯酯、聚苯乙烯丙烯酸酯、聚丙烯酸酯、聚乙烯醇、聚乙烯丙酸酯、聚氯乙烯、聚乙烯、聚丙烯、丙烯酸丁酯或其混合物来构成。
为了改善建材尤其在承受弯曲和拉应力时的抗变形能力而还可以想到，为了制造建材而规定添加纤维状材料，其中，纤维状材料优选关于建材的总干质量以0.01-5重量％、尤其优选0.1-3重量％、尤其是1-2重量％份额被添加。
关于有效改善抗变形能力而也可以想到，纤维状材料具有长达2mm、优选长达3mm、尤其是5mm的纤维。
关于建材的易混合性和易加工性，根据本发明可以有利地规定，该建材以地坪、灰浆、刮填物质或地砖胶的形式构成。在此情况下，所述建材尤其可以适用于铺设天然石、石头、地砖、地板或其它覆材如垫子、木地板、镶木地板、地毯、层叠体等。地坪还能以水泥地坪或人工树脂地坪形式构成并且以流动地坪或干燥地坪的形式施加。灰浆也能以基于水泥的灰浆或人工树脂灰浆的形式构成并且作为接缝灰浆或薄床灰浆来构成。刮填物质还例如能以地面刮填料、墙壁刮填料或天花板刮填料的形式构成，而地砖胶也能以地板砖胶或墙砖胶的形式构成且同时能基于水泥或人工树脂存在。
本发明的其它优点、特征和细节来自以下对本发明实施例进行详细描述的说明。在此情况下，在权利要求书和说明书提到的特征可以分别单独地或在任何组合中对本发明是重要的。
实施例：
以下呈现用于本发明的建材的几个示例性配方(干组成物)，其可在添加其它所述组分的情况下基于根据本发明的含铝酸钙水硬粘合剂(水硬粘合剂I)用途来制造。接着，可以通过添加水而由所提出的干组成物来制造相应的“即用型”建材。水的份额在此情况下可以关于建材的总干质量优选为10-150重量％。通过标记为“水硬粘合剂I”，本发明的含铝酸钙的水硬粘合剂应该尤其与其它水硬粘合剂如波特兰水泥或黏土水泥相互区分。
地砖胶：
Figure BDA0003374525880000071
刮填物质：
Figure BDA0003374525880000072
Figure BDA0003374525880000081
地坪：
Figure BDA0003374525880000082
人工树脂砂浆：
Figure BDA0003374525880000083
Figure BDA0003374525880000091
在实施例中描述的本发明建材不仅可以多样化使用且简单廉价地制造，而且还同时对永续性建筑作出贡献，尤其如此提供该建筑，即，为了制造建材而爱护资料，因为残余物或废料被用于制造，否则所述残余物或废料应该被费事且高成本地除去。

Claims (22)

1.一种将含铝酸钙的水硬粘合剂用于制造建材的用途，该水硬粘合剂通过如下方法获得，其中，
a)经过制备的非晶态的富含氧化铝和/或富含氢氧化铝的残余物在添加了
b)含钙离子的粘合剂组分和
c)水之后被加热。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用途，其特征是，所述经过制备的非晶态的富含氧化铝和/或富含氢氧化铝的残余物具有小于25％、优选小于20％、尤其小于15％的结晶度。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的用途，其特征是，所述经过制备的非晶态的富含氧化铝和/或富含氢氧化铝的残余物以饮用水净化残余物的形式构成。
4.根据前述权利要求之一所述的用途，其特征是，所述含铝酸钙的水硬粘合剂具有有机材料的残余部分，其中，该残余部分关于水硬粘合剂的总质量优选为大于0.5重量％、尤其优选大于1.5重量％、尤其大于3重量％。
5.根据前述权利要求之一所述的用途，其特征是，所述含铝酸钙的水硬粘合是基本无水的。
6.根据前述权利要求之一所述的用途，其特征是，所述含铝酸钙的水硬粘合剂具有小于100μm、优选小于50μm、尤其小于40μm的颗粒尺寸。
7.根据前述权利要求之一所述的用途，其特征是，在该建材中关于总干质量含有占比为0.5-65重量％、优选1-55重量％、尤其是2-45重量％的所述含铝酸钙的水硬粘合剂。
8.根据前述权利要求之一所述的用途，其特征是，为了制造该建材，规定添加钙矾石成分、优选含钙的和/或含硫酸盐的钙矾石成分。
9.根据前述权利要求之一所述的用途，其特征是，为了制造该建材，规定添加波特兰水泥和/或熟石灰和/或氧化钙和/或硫酸钙。
10.根据前述权利要求之一所述的用途，其特征是，所述含铝酸钙的水硬粘合剂以三元粘合剂的形式构成，其中，该三元粘合剂除了所述含铝酸钙的部分外还包括波特兰水泥和硫酸盐载体。
11.根据前述权利要求之一所述的用途，其特征是，该三元粘合剂关于该三元粘合剂的总质量具有占比为20-70重量％的含铝酸钙部分、10-40重量％的硫酸盐载体和0.2-20重量％的波特兰水泥。
12.根据前述权利要求之一所述的用途，其特征是，该硫酸盐载体以硫酸钙-α-半水合物、硫酸钙-β-半水合物、硬石膏、硫酸钙-二水合物或其混合物的形式构成。
13.根据前述权利要求之一所述的用途，其特征是，为了制造该建材，规定添加填料，其中，该填料优选关于该建材总干质量以10-90重量％的份额、尤其优选20-80重量％的份额、尤其30-70重量％的份额被添加。
14.根据前述权利要求之一所述的用途，其特征是，该填料以石灰石粉、石英砂、大理石、白垩、黏土、泥灰、滑石或轻型填料如由玻璃、陶瓷或塑料组成的微型空心球或者轻型填料如膨胀玻璃、膨胀云母、膨胀珍珠岩、膨胀页岩、膨胀黏土、煤飞灰、碎砖、天然浮石、凝灰岩、火山熔岩、矿渣浮石、锅炉砂或其混合物来构成。
15.根据前述权利要求之一所述的用途，其特征是，为了制造该建材，规定添加添加剂，其中，该添加剂优选关于该建材的总干质量以0.001-10重量％、尤其优选以0.005-5重量％、尤其是以0.01-2.5重量％的份额被添加。
16.根据前述权利要求之一所述的用途，其特征是，该添加剂以液化剂、延迟剂、加速剂、调节剂、稳定剂、消泡剂或密封剂形式来构成。
17.根据前述权利要求之一所述的用途，其特征是，为了制造该建材，规定添加环氧树脂和环氧硬化剂，其中，该环氧树脂和该环氧硬化剂的总量优选关于该建材的总干质量以10-60重量％的份额被添加。
18.根据前述权利要求之一所述的用途，其特征是，为了制造该建材，规定添加塑料分散粉末，其中，该塑料分散粉末优选关于该建材的总干质量以0.1-20重量％、尤其优选以0.5-10重量％、尤其是1-5重量％的份额被添加。
19.根据前述权利要求之一所述的用途，其特征是，该塑料分散粉末是基于乙烯基聚合物或丙烯酸酯聚合物、尤其是基于聚乙酸乙烯酯、聚叔碳酸乙烯酯、聚苯乙烯丙烯酸酯、聚丙烯酸酯、聚乙烯醇、聚乙烯丙酸酯、聚氯乙烯、聚乙烯、聚丙烯、丙烯酸丁酯或其混合物来构成的。
20.根据前述权利要求之一所述的用途，其特征是，为了制造该建材，规定添加纤维状材料，其中，该纤维状材料优选关于该建材的总干质量以0.01-5重量％、尤其优选以0.1-3重量％、尤其是1-2重量％的份额被添加。
21.根据权利要求21所述的用途，其特征是，该纤维状材料具有长达2mm、优选长达3mm、尤其长达5mm的纤维。
22.根据前述权利要求之一所述的用途，其特征是，该建材以地坪、灰浆、刮填物质或瓷砖胶的形式来构成。
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WO2021180351A1 (de) 2021-09-16
MX2021014664A (es) 2022-04-06
KR20220149407A (ko) 2022-11-08
CN113950462A (zh) 2022-01-18
MX2021014672A (es) 2022-01-11
JP2022539665A (ja) 2022-09-13
CA3141434A1 (en) 2021-09-16
AU2020434972A1 (en) 2021-12-23
AU2020290677A1 (en) 2021-12-16
BR112021024412A2 (pt) 2022-01-18
WO2020249728A1 (de) 2020-12-17
US20220227665A1 (en) 2022-07-21
GB2592985A (en) 2021-09-15
GB2586951A (en) 2021-03-17
CA3140520A1 (en) 2020-12-17
MX2021014671A (es) 2022-03-11
EP3983357A1 (de) 2022-04-20
AU2020290768A1 (en) 2021-12-02

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