CN111316786A - Polygonatum cyrtonema seed germination accelerating and seedling cultivation method - Google Patents
Polygonatum cyrtonema seed germination accelerating and seedling cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111316786A CN111316786A CN202010338484.6A CN202010338484A CN111316786A CN 111316786 A CN111316786 A CN 111316786A CN 202010338484 A CN202010338484 A CN 202010338484A CN 111316786 A CN111316786 A CN 111316786A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/02—Germinating apparatus; Determining germination capacity of seeds or the like
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
Abstract
The invention provides a method for accelerating germination of polygonatum cyrtonema seeds and cultivating seedlings, and relates to the technical field of polygonatum cyrtonema cultivation. The method promotes polygonatum cyrtonema seeds to release dormancy by utilizing ultrasound, gibberellin, high dissolved oxygen and a weak acid environment, so that polygonatum cyrtonema seeds emerge neatly in half a year, the emergence rate can reach over 90 percent, the whole seedling period is effectively shortened, and the germination rate and the seedling rate of polygonatum cyrtonema seeds are improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of polygonatum cultivation, and particularly relates to a method for accelerating germination of polygonatum cyrtonema seeds and cultivating seedlings.
Background
Polygonatum sibiricum Red, Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua and Polygonatum kingianum in Liliaceae belong to perennial herb plants, are recorded in Chinese pharmacopoeia (2015 edition) together, serve as basic source plants of traditional Chinese medicine Polygonatum sibiricum, are perennial herb plants with homology of medicine and food, and are traditional bulk drugs in China. The rhizome of sealwort is a traditional Chinese medicine, and modern pharmacological studies show that the contained components of sealwort saponin, saccharides, quinones, amino acids, trace elements and the like have the effects of immunity excitation, immunity enhancement, senility delaying, virus resistance and the like. In recent years, with the medicinal value and health care value of polygonatum being more and more known by people, the demand of polygonatum raw materials is more and more large, and the price is continuously raised, so that farmers in mountainous areas aggravate a large amount of predatory collection of wild polygonatum, the natural resources of polygonatum are rapidly exhausted, and the development and utilization and sustainable development of polygonatum plants are adversely affected. At present, rhizome vegetative propagation is mostly adopted in artificial cultivation of polygonatum sibiricum, resources are wasted, large-area production and popularization are not facilitated, germplasm degeneration is caused by long-term vegetative propagation, plant diseases and insect pests are increasingly serious, and particularly soil-borne diseases are increasingly serious along with increase of propagation generations.
The seed propagation is an effective way for solving soil-borne diseases and reducing production cost, however, polygonatum cyrtonema seeds have dormancy characteristics, 1 true leaf can grow after the polygonatum cyrtonema seeds naturally germinate and are dormant in 2 winter, and the period from sowing to harvesting is as long as 5-6 years. How to remove the deep dormancy of the polygonatum sibiricum seeds and break through the sexual propagation barrier of the polygonatum sibiricum, and the method has very important significance for large-area standardized planting of the polygonatum sibiricum.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention aims to provide a polygonatum cyrtonema seed germination accelerating and seedling cultivation method, so that polygonatum cyrtonema seeds can emerge regularly within half a year, the emergence rate can reach more than 90%, the whole seedling cultivation period is effectively shortened, and the germination rate and seedling rate of polygonatum cyrtonema seeds are improved.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a polygonatum cyrtonema seed germination accelerating method, which comprises the following steps: putting mature polygonatum cyrtonema seeds in an ultrasonic system for ultrasonic treatment for 24 hours; the frequency of the ultrasonic wave is 20-40 kHz;
the ultrasonic system comprises a gibberellin water solution of 50-100 mg/L; the pH value of the ultrasonic system is 6-6.5, and the temperature of the ultrasonic system is 25-35 ℃; the dissolved oxygen in the ultrasonic system is 8-10 mg/L.
Preferably, the polygonatum cyrtonema seeds are stored seeds.
Preferably, the storage comprises the step of storing the seeds of the mature polygonatum cyrtonema harvested in the current year in an environment at 4 ℃ until 2-3 months of the next year.
Preferably, the method for obtaining polygonatum cyrtonema seeds comprises the following steps: when the polygonatum cyrtonema berries turn from green to yellow or black and mature, the polygonatum cyrtonema fruits are collected, placed in a light-tight sealed environment, and fermented for 7-10 days at 18-25 ℃; removing pericarp and pulp of the fermented fruit to obtain mature Polygonatum cyrtonema seed.
Preferably, the method for removing pericarp and pulp of fermented fruit comprises: repeatedly kneading the fermented fruit on a 12-mesh sieve or mixing with fine sand and kneading until the peel and pulp are completely removed; the volume of the fine sand is 1/3 of the volume of the fermented fruit.
The invention also provides a cultivation method of polygonatum cyrtonema seedlings, which comprises the following steps: sowing the seeds subjected to pregermination by the method on a seedling culture substrate to culture sealwort seedlings; the seedling substrate comprises loam or sandy loam.
Preferably, the cultivation temperature is 18-25 ℃, and the humidity is 75-85%.
Preferably, before broadcasting, furrow preparation is carried out on the seedling substrate, furrow surfaces are transversely ditched according to the row spacing of 12-15 cm, the furrow width is 5-6 cm, and the furrow depth is 2-3 cm.
Preferably, the sowing is to sow seeds into shallow trenches of the ridge surface according to 5cm × 5 cm.
The invention provides a method for accelerating germination and seedling cultivation of polygonatum cyrtonema seeds, which promotes polygonatum cyrtonema seeds to release dormancy by utilizing ultrasonic, gibberellin, high dissolved oxygen and weak acid environment. The energy of the ultrasonic wave is high, the lignified cell layer of the polygonatum cyrtonema seeds can be penetrated, the seed imbibition is facilitated, and the water can enter the polygonatum cyrtonema seeds more easily; the high dissolved oxygen content in the water is beneficial to the respiration of the seeds and starts metabolism; when polygonatum cyrtonema seeds start breathing and imbibition water absorption, the slightly acidic moisture added with gibberellin is absorbed, so that the activity of enzymes such as amylase, peroxidase and the like in the seeds can be improved, the dormancy of the seeds for 2-3 years is promoted, and the germination rate is improved.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a polygonatum cyrtonema seed germination accelerating method, which comprises the following steps: putting mature polygonatum cyrtonema seeds in an ultrasonic system for ultrasonic treatment for 24 hours; the frequency of the ultrasonic wave is 20-40 kHz;
the ultrasonic system comprises a gibberellin water solution of 50-100 mg/L; the pH value of the ultrasonic system is 6-6.5, and the temperature of the ultrasonic system is 25-35 ℃; the dissolved oxygen in the ultrasonic system is 8-10 mg/L.
According to the invention, mature polygonatum cyrtonema seeds are preferably placed in an ultrasonic instrument, water is injected into the ultrasonic instrument, and the injection amount of the water is preferably 2/3 which exceeds the capacity of the ultrasonic instrument. The source and type of the ultrasonic apparatus are not particularly limited, and the ultrasonic apparatus selected in the examples is purchased from Nanjing Safei Biotech, Inc., product model BiosafrSB 25-12 DT-22.5L. Gibberellin is added into the water, so that the content of the gibberellin in the water is 50-100 mg/L, and preferably 60-80 mg/L. The pH value is preferably adjusted to 6-6.5 by using 1mol/L hydrochloric acid or sodium hydroxide. The invention preferably utilizes an oxygen filling pump to fill oxygen into the water of the ultrasonic instrument, so that the dissolved oxygen content reaches 8-10 mg/L.
The Polygonatum cyrtonema seeds subjected to ultrasonic treatment are preferably stored seeds, and the storage preferably comprises the step of storing mature Polygonatum cyrtonema seeds harvested in the current year in an environment at 4 ℃ until 2-3 months of the next year. The method for obtaining polygonatum cyrtonema seeds preferably comprises the following steps: in 9-10 months of each year, when polygonatum cyrtonema berries turn from green to yellow or black and mature, the harvested polygonatum cyrtonema fruits are placed in a light-tight sealed environment and fermented for 7-10 days at 18-25 ℃; removing pericarp and pulp of the fermented fruit to obtain mature rhizoma Polygonati seed. The method for removing the peel and the pulp of the fermented fruit preferably comprises the following steps: repeatedly kneading the fermented fruit on a 12-mesh sieve or mixing with fine sand and kneading until the peel and pulp are completely removed; the volume of the fine sand is 1/3 of the volume of the fermented fruit.
The invention also provides a cultivation method of polygonatum cyrtonema seedlings, which comprises the following steps: sowing the seeds subjected to pregermination by the method on a seedling substrate to culture polygonatum cyrtonema seedlings; the seedling substrate comprises loam or sandy loam. After the germination accelerating, the method preferably further comprises the step of cleaning the seeds subjected to the germination accelerating by using clear water. The seedling raising substrate of the invention preferably comprises loose and breathable sandy loam or loam containing much humus. The method is characterized in that furrows are trimmed on the seedling raising substrate, the furrow surfaces are preferably transversely ditched according to the row spacing of 12-15 cm, the furrow width is 5-6 cm, the furrow depth is 2-3 cm, the furrow bottoms are leveled and slightly compacted, and then the seedlings are sowed in the furrows. The interval between adjacent seeds during sowing is preferably 2cm, the soil is covered by 1cm after sowing, the ridge surface is leveled, the moisture is kept, and the rain wash is prevented. The soil is covered with the soil, the soil is watered thoroughly, and leaves or straws are covered on the surface of the furrow, preferably no soil is exposed. In the cultivation process, the temperature is preferably controlled to be 18-25 ℃, the humidity is 75-85%, a shading shed is arranged above the seedbed for shading, grass drawing is performed for about 7 days, and the shading rate of shading is preferably 70%.
The following will explain the germination accelerating and seedling cultivating methods of polygonatum sibiricum seeds provided by the present invention in detail with reference to the examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
1. Seed collection and storage: collecting mature polygonatum cyrtonema fruits in 9 months, and selecting strong, disease and pest free and plump seeds of a mother plant for collection. The collection standard of polygonatum cyrtonema seeds is as follows: harvested when the berries mature from green to yellow or black. Putting the collected polygonatum cyrtonema fruits in a light-tight sealed plastic bag, fermenting for 10 days at 25 ℃, and preferably, the exocarp is rotten, soft and easy to fall off. Repeatedly kneading the fermented fruit on a 12-mesh sieve, or adding about 1/3-volume fine sand for kneading until the pericarp and pulp are completely removed, washing with clear water, removing fine sand and impurities, filtering, and storing in a refrigerator at 4 deg.C.
2. Accelerating germination of seeds: taking out seeds in the next 2 months, placing the seeds in an ultrasonic instrument (frequency is 20kHz), adding gibberellin (60mg/L), and adjusting the pH value to be 6-6.5 by using 1mol/L hydrochloric acid or sodium hydroxide. Introducing oxygen by using an oxygen filling pump to reach the dissolved oxygen amount of 8-10 mg/L. The water is washed clean by running water after 24 hours at the temperature of 25 ℃.
3. Seedling cultivation: and (3) sowing the seeds subjected to germination acceleration in the step (2) into a seedling culture medium for culture, wherein loose and breathable sandy loam or loam containing more humus is selected as the medium for seedling culture. Transversely ditching at a row spacing of 12-15 cm on the prepared bed surface, wherein the furrow width is 5-6 cm, the furrow depth is 2-3 cm, the distance between seeds is 2cm, the furrow bottom is leveled and slightly compacted, then sowing is carried out in a wide furrow, covering soil for 1cm after sowing, leveling the bed surface, keeping moist and preventing rainwater washing. Controlling the temperature to be 18-25 ℃ and the humidity to be 75-85% in the cultivation process, arranging a shade shed above the seedbed for shading, and performing weeding once in about 7 days. After germination accelerating and broadcasting, the germination starts about 15 days, and the germination rate reaches over 90 percent.
Example 2
1. Seed collection and storage: collecting mature polygonatum cyrtonema fruits in 10 months, and selecting strong, disease and pest free and plump seeds of a mother plant for collection. The collection standard of polygonatum cyrtonema seeds is as follows: harvested when the berries mature from green to yellow or black. Putting the collected polygonatum sibiricum fruits in a light-tight sealed plastic bag, fermenting for 10 days at 18 ℃, and preferably enabling the exocarp to be rotten, soft and easy to fall off. Placing the fermented fruit on a 12-mesh sieve, adding about 1/3-volume fine sand, kneading repeatedly until the peel and pulp are completely removed, washing with clear water, removing fine sand and impurities, filtering, and storing in a refrigerator at 4 deg.C.
2. Accelerating germination of seeds: taking out seeds in the next 2 months, placing the seeds in an ultrasonic instrument (frequency is 30kHz), adding gibberellin (50mg/L), and adjusting the pH value to be 6-6.5 by using 1mol/L hydrochloric acid or sodium hydroxide. Introducing oxygen by using an oxygen filling pump to reach the dissolved oxygen amount of 8-10 mg/L. The water is washed clean by running water after 24 hours at the temperature of 25 ℃.
3. Seedling cultivation: and (3) sowing the seeds subjected to germination acceleration in the step (2) into a seedling culture medium for culture, wherein loose and breathable sandy loam or loam containing more humus is selected as the medium for seedling culture. Transversely ditching at a row spacing of 12-15 cm on the prepared bed surface, wherein the furrow width is 5-6 cm, the furrow depth is 2-3 cm, the distance between seeds is 2cm, the furrow bottom is leveled and slightly compacted, then sowing is carried out in a wide furrow, covering soil for 1cm after sowing, leveling the bed surface, keeping moist and preventing rainwater washing. Controlling the temperature to be 18-25 ℃ and the humidity to be 75-85% in the cultivation process, arranging a shade shed above the seedbed for shading, and performing weeding once in about 7 days. After germination accelerating and broadcasting, the germination starts about 15 days, and the germination rate reaches over 90 percent.
Example 3
1. Seed collection and storage: and selecting strong, disease and pest free and plump seeds of the mother plant for harvesting in 10 months. The collection standard of polygonatum cyrtonema seeds is as follows: harvested when the berries mature from green to yellow or black. Putting the collected polygonatum cyrtonema fruits in a light-tight sealed plastic bag, fermenting for 7-10 days at 18-25 ℃, and preferably enabling the exocarp to be rotten, soft and easy to fall off. Repeatedly kneading the fermented fruit on a 12-mesh sieve until the peel and pulp are completely removed, washing with clear water, removing fine sand and impurities, filtering, and storing in a refrigerator at 4 deg.C.
2. Accelerating germination of seeds: taking out seeds in 3 months of the next year, placing the seeds in an ultrasonic instrument (frequency is 40kHz), adding gibberellin (80mg/L), and adjusting the pH value to be 6-6.5 by using 1mol/L hydrochloric acid or sodium hydroxide. Introducing oxygen by an oxygen charging pump to reach dissolved oxygen of 8-10 mg/L. The water is washed clean by running water after the temperature is 30 ℃ and the time is 24 hours.
3. Seedling cultivation: and (3) sowing the seeds subjected to germination acceleration in the step (2) into a seedling culture medium for culture, wherein loose and breathable sandy loam or loam containing more humus is selected as the medium for seedling culture. Transversely ditching at a row spacing of 12-15 cm on the prepared bed surface, wherein the furrow width is 5-6 cm, the furrow depth is 2-3 cm, the distance between seeds is 2cm, the furrow bottom is leveled and slightly compacted, then sowing is carried out in a wide furrow, covering soil for 1cm after sowing, leveling the bed surface, keeping moist and preventing rainwater washing. Controlling the temperature to be 18-25 ℃ and the humidity to be 75-85% in the cultivation process, arranging a shade shed above the seedbed for shading, and performing weeding once in about 7 days. After germination accelerating and broadcasting, the germination starts about 15 days, and the germination rate reaches over 90 percent.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A method for accelerating germination of polygonatum cyrtonema seeds is characterized by comprising the following steps: putting mature polygonatum cyrtonema seeds in an ultrasonic system for ultrasonic treatment for 24 hours; the frequency of the ultrasonic wave is 20-40 kHz;
the ultrasonic system comprises a gibberellin water solution of 50-100 mg/L; the pH value of the ultrasonic system is 6-6.5, and the temperature of the ultrasonic system is 25-35 ℃; the dissolved oxygen in the ultrasonic system is 8-10 mg/L.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the Polygonatum cyrtonema seeds are stored seeds.
3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the storing comprises storing the seeds of the mature polygonatum cyrtonema harvested in the current year in an environment of 4 ℃ until 2-3 months of the next year.
4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method for obtaining polygonatum cyrtonema seeds comprises: when the polygonatum cyrtonema berries turn from green to yellow or black and mature, the polygonatum cyrtonema fruits are collected, placed in a light-tight sealed environment, and fermented for 7-10 days at 18-25 ℃; removing pericarp and pulp of the fermented fruit to obtain mature Polygonatum cyrtonema seed.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the removing of the pericarp and pulp of the fermented fruit comprises: repeatedly kneading the fermented fruit on a 12-mesh sieve or mixing with fine sand and kneading until the peel and pulp are completely removed; the volume of the fine sand is 1/3 of the volume of the fermented fruit.
6. A cultivation method of polygonatum cyrtonema seedlings is characterized by comprising the following steps: sowing seeds subjected to germination acceleration by using the method of any one of claims 1 to 5 on a seedling substrate to culture sealwort seedlings; the seedling substrate comprises loam or sandy loam.
7. The cultivation method according to claim 6, wherein the cultivation temperature is 18 to 25 ℃ and the humidity is 75 to 85%.
8. The cultivation method according to claim 6, further comprising, before sowing, furrow preparation on the seedling substrate, wherein furrows are transversely dug at a row spacing of 12-15 cm, the furrow width is 5-6 cm, and the furrow depth is 2-3 cm.
9. The cultivation method according to claim 6, wherein the sowing is carried out by sowing seeds into shallow trenches of the ridge surface at 5cm × 5 cm.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202010338484.6A CN111316786A (en) | 2020-04-26 | 2020-04-26 | Polygonatum cyrtonema seed germination accelerating and seedling cultivation method |
| AU2020103393A AU2020103393A4 (en) | 2020-04-26 | 2020-11-11 | Method for accelerating seed germination and seedling cultivation of Polygonatum cyrtonema |
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| CN202010338484.6A CN111316786A (en) | 2020-04-26 | 2020-04-26 | Polygonatum cyrtonema seed germination accelerating and seedling cultivation method |
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| CN115280931A (en) * | 2022-09-02 | 2022-11-04 | 华中农业大学 | Seed treatment method for improving stain resistance |
| CN115885616A (en) * | 2022-11-24 | 2023-04-04 | 浙江省亚热带作物研究所(浙南林业科学研究院) | Application of mycorrhizal fungi in sealwort seedling cultivation |
| CN116235762A (en) * | 2023-05-12 | 2023-06-09 | 江西农业大学 | Method for rapidly raising seedlings of polygonatum cyrtonema seeds |
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| CN112997814A (en) * | 2021-02-23 | 2021-06-22 | 贵州省钎汇草堂生物科技有限责任公司 | Large-scale planting method for breeding improved variety with high stress resistance by utilizing wild paris polyphylla tubers |
| CN114128578B (en) * | 2021-11-25 | 2023-06-16 | 重庆市药物种植研究所 | Facility seedling raising method for polygonatum cyrtonema seedling |
| CN115088568A (en) * | 2022-06-09 | 2022-09-23 | 河南盛世中药产业研究院有限公司 | High-yield cultivation method for polygonatum sibiricum by topping and promoting roots |
| CN115191305B (en) * | 2022-08-02 | 2023-09-15 | 江西农业大学 | Method for breaking dormancy rapid leaf growth of rhizoma polygonati seeds |
| CN115067159A (en) * | 2022-08-03 | 2022-09-20 | 宁波久久润生物科技有限公司 | Efficient and rapid germination breeding method for polygonatum sibiricum seeds |
| CN116711637A (en) * | 2023-06-20 | 2023-09-08 | 中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业实验中心 | Quick seedling forming method for tissue culture seedlings of medicinal plant polygonatum cyrtonema |
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Application publication date: 20200623 |