CN1109470A - 不对称合成 - Google Patents

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CN1109470A
CN1109470A CN94117015A CN94117015A CN1109470A CN 1109470 A CN1109470 A CN 1109470A CN 94117015 A CN94117015 A CN 94117015A CN 94117015 A CN94117015 A CN 94117015A CN 1109470 A CN1109470 A CN 1109470A
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CN1067681C (zh
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R·A·伯格隆德
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Eli Lilly and Co
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    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D333/00Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one sulfur atom as the only ring hetero atom
    • C07D333/02Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one sulfur atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings
    • C07D333/04Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one sulfur atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings not substituted on the ring sulphur atom
    • C07D333/06Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one sulfur atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings not substituted on the ring sulphur atom with only hydrogen atoms, hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals, directly attached to the ring carbon atoms
    • C07D333/14Radicals substituted by singly bound hetero atoms other than halogen
    • C07D333/16Radicals substituted by singly bound hetero atoms other than halogen by oxygen atoms

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Abstract

本发明提供了一种合成(S)-(+)-N,N-二甲基 -3-(1-萘基氧基)-3-(2-噻吩基)丙胺的立体专一 性方法。所述化合物是制备度洛西丁的关键中间 体。

Description

本发明涉及药物化学和合成有机化学领域,并提供了一种制备度洛西丁(duloxetine),即(+)-N-甲基-3-(1-萘氧基)-3-(2-噻吩基)丙胺盐酸盐的关键中间体的不对称合成方法。
度洛西丁是一种现在正在开发的抗抑郁症药物。它抑制去甲肾上腺素和血清素两者的摄入,并且目前正在进行临床评估。这种化合物被Robertson等人公开在美国专利5,023,269和4,956,388中,而其合成由Deeter等人在Tetrahedron  hetters,31(49),7101~04(1990)中进行了更详细的讨论。制备度洛西丁的方法概述如下:
Figure 941170152_IMG1
上述D步骤的产物,当其以盐酸盐的形式存在时,即是度洛西丁。
本发明提供了上述反应式中进行C步骤的改进条件,使步骤C的产物比以前以更好的纯度和产率更快地获得。
本发明也提供了分离中间体的特别有用的盐。
本发明提供了一种制备(S)-(+)-N,N-二甲基-3-(1-萘基氧基)-3-(2-噻吩基)丙胺的方法,它包括在有机溶剂中使(S)-(-)-N,N-二甲基-3-(2-噻吩基)-3-羟基丙胺与氢化钠、苯甲酸钾或醋酸钾以及1-氟萘反应,如果需要,并将该产物转化为其磷酸盐而获得。该磷酸盐也是本发明的一方面和具体实例。
本发明提供了一种制备上述反应式中C步骤产物的特定对映体的不对称合成方法。该对映体被命名为(S)-(+)对映体,该命名将一直在本文中使用。本发明方法的原料(即上述的羟基丙胺)被命名为(S)-(-)对映体。
完成本发明的优选溶剂是二甲基亚砜。其它溶剂如二甲基甲酰胺、吡啶等,也可以使用。本方法在不常用的高浓度(如大约0.5~1.0摩尔,优选0.6~0.9摩尔)下可以有效地进行。然而浓度并不严重影响反应的速率和收率,当然只要不超过溶解度的限制就行。
反应物化合的顺序和方式并不重要且可以改变。反应物可以以固体加至反应混合物中,或可以分别溶解后以溶液形式混合。进一步地,任何反应物可以组合一起溶解,然后将这些组合溶解的溶液以任何顺序再混合。
实现本发明的优选的方法是将起始原料和氢化钠一起溶解,再加入钾盐化合物,然后加入1-氟萘,这一实施例将在下面更详细地描述。
当起始原料溶解后,最好在室温例如大约10℃至大约35℃下,加入氢化钠部分。氢化钠的量是起始原料的等摩尔量,使用过量的氢化钠设有发现有特别好的效果。然后将反应物搅拌一段时间,例如大约5至大约60分钟,然后再与苯甲酸钾或醋酸钾和1-氟萘混合。
只需要少量钾盐化合物,大约0.05至大约1当量。通常,当仅使用约0.1至大约0.3当量的钾盐化合物时,本发明的优点能最好地实现。除了明显的费用外,使用更多的钾盐化合物没有不利的影响。
加入钾盐化合物后再搅拌一段时间,然后再加入1-氟萘。稍过量的1-氟萘,如过量大约1%至大约25%,可以有益地用来避免价格更贵的噻吩起始原料的耗费。
加入氟萘以后,最好将反应混合物升温至大约40℃至大约75℃的温度,优选大约45℃至大约70℃,最好大约60℃至大约65℃。并将混合物再搅拌短时间,如大约1至大约5小时,最好大约1.5至大约4小时。
然后用常规的萃取和过滤方法分离所需产物,而且如果需要,通过在有机溶剂如乙酸乙酯中与磷酸反应,将所得产物有益地转化为磷酸盐。
如上所述本发明的优点在于在短时间内能以95%的产率制备所需产物,只有极少量外消旋化产物。
根据现有技术的教导能够得到用作本发明方法起始原料的羟基丙胺,提供下面的制备1以保证本申请的读者能够获得该起始原料。
本方法的产物二甲基化合物,通过去甲基化作用被转化为度洛西丁,得所需的甲基药物,并转化为盐酸盐。制备2说明了这种转化,同羟基起始原料的制备一样,该转化从现有技术中就能获得,而不构成本发明的部分。
制备1
(S)-(-)-N,N-二甲基-3-羟基-3-(2-噻吩基)-丙胺
将8.18g2-乙酰基噻吩、6.66克二甲胺盐酸盐、2.9g仲用醛和在20ml异丙醇中的0.31g浓盐酸的混合物加热至回流并搅拌6小时。然后将混合物冷却至0℃再搅拌1小时。将浆状物过滤,并用冷的乙醇洗涤固体。在50℃下将洗涤过的固体干燥16小时,得到12.5g白色固体2-噻吩基-2-二甲基氨基乙基酮盐酸盐。在室温下,将12.0g部分中间产物在40ml乙醇中搅拌,缓慢加入氢氧化钠使溶液pH值升至11~12。加入1.03g硼氢化钠部分,将混合物在室温下搅拌4小时。然后加入7.5ml丙酮,将混合物再搅拌20分钟。然后通过蒸发将混合物浓缩,得白色浆状物,并加入120ml甲基叔丁基醚。加入浓盐酸将混合物酸化至pH1~1.5,并将溶液搅拌10分钟。然后缓慢加入氢氧化钠使溶液呈碱性至pH12。
然后分离各层溶液,水相用30ml甲基叔丁基醚萃取,合并有机相并用50ml水洗涤一次。通过蒸发将有机相浓缩至118ml,并加热至50℃。
在一个分开的容器中,在50℃将4.18g(S)-(+)酸溶解在12ml中,并将扁桃酸溶液缓慢加入到先前得到的溶液中。然后将得到的浆状物加热至回流并搅拌45分钟。然后将其冷却至室温再搅拌1小时,过滤,并用甲基叔丁基醚洗涤固体。然后在50℃真空下干燥固体,得到7.29g预期产物的扁桃酸盐,将其溶于水中,用氢氧化钠溶液碱化,萃取至有机溶剂中,并蒸发除去有机溶液,分离得到游离胺。
实施例1
(S)-(+)-N,N-二甲基-3-(1-萘氧基)-3-(2-噻吩基)丙胺磷酸盐
在25℃将13.5g(S)-(-)-N,N-二甲基-3-羟基-3-(2-噻吩基)丙胺溶解在80ml二甲基亚砜中。剧烈搅拌下向溶液中缓慢加入含3g氢化钠的60%矿物油分散液。搅拌15分钟后,加入1.17g苯甲酸钾,并继续在大约恒温下再搅拌15分钟。然后向反应混合物中缓慢加入12.8g  1-氟萘,加完之后,在60-65℃将混合物加热并搅拌2.5小时。然后将混合物缓慢倒入190ml冷水中,并加入乙酸将pH调至4.8。将混合物温度升至25℃,加入75ml已烷并继续搅拌10分钟。分离各层,再加入75ml已烷搅拌水相,并分离各相。加入氢氧化钠水溶液将水相pH值调至10.2并加入75ml乙酸乙酯。在25℃将混合物搅拌15分钟,通过助滤垫将两相混合物减压滤。使滤液相分离,并用75ml乙酸乙酯萃取水相。萃取液与先前的乙酸乙酯层合并,并用100ml水洗涤混合物。在25℃下搅拌有机层,向其中滴加7g85%的磷酸,滴加完后,将混合物再搅拌20分钟,然后冷却至0℃搅拌1小时。然后将浆状物过滤,每次用20ml冷的乙酸乙酯将固体物质洗涤3次。在60℃下干燥固体物质得24.19g白色固体标题化合物(98.1%效力),校正产率79.6%,91%EE。
分析方法
用高效液相色谱分析实施例的产物,使用带有SP    4400积分仪和一个Spectroflow检测器的Spectra  Physics  SP  8800仪器,在230nm处,检测灵敏度是0.5个吸收单位,1秒钟过滤提升时间。所用柱子是Dupont  Zorbax  Rx(8,4.6mm×25cm。洗脱剂是71%乙腈,30%pH6的0.01M磷酸盐缓冲液,流出速度是1.0ml/分钟,注射体积是20微升。通过用1∶1乙腈∶水将0.1至0.3g反应混合物或提取物稀释至50ml制备样品。产物峰在13-17分钟流出;起始原料在6-8分钟流出;氟萘在5-6分钟流出;二甲基亚砜在2-3分钟流出;苯甲酸钾在2-2.5分流出。
在进行手性分析时,使用相同仪器,在280nm处测定,灵敏度为0.1个吸收单位,使用了Chiralce  OD柱。用于手性分析的洗脱液组成是2%异丙酮、0.2%二乙胺和97.8%已烷。使用相同的注射和流出指数。用二氯甲烷将0.1~0.3g反应混合物或提取物稀释至5ml,用大约5ml水洗涤混合物,用硫酸钠干燥有机相。将所得溶液过滤并用洗脱剂稀释至25ml。在5~5.5分钟时流出所需对映体,不想要的对映体在6-6.5分流出,氟萘在3-4分钟流出。
实施例2
(S)-(+)-N,N-二甲基-3-(1-萘基氧基)-3-(2-噻吩基)丙胺
在室温下将1.60g(S)-(-)-N,N-二甲基-3-羟基-3-(2-噻吩基)丙胺溶解在8ml二甲基亚砜中,剧烈搅拌下向其中加入0.35g    60%氢化钠的矿物油分散液。搅拌30分钟后,加入0.28g苯甲酸钾,搅拌再持续10多分钟。加入1.52g1-氟萘,然后在50℃下将混合物搅拌8小时。将反应混合物缓慢倒入30ml冷水中,加入醋酸将pH调至4.8。加入15ml已烷,将混合物搅拌10分钟,分离各层。向水相再加入15ml已烷搅拌并进行相分离。加入氢氧化钠水溶液将水相pH调至12.5,并加入15ml乙酸乙酯。将碱性混合物在室温下搅拌10分钟,分离各相。用另外15ml乙酸乙酯部分萃取水相,合并有机萃取物,用30ml水洗涤一次,并硫酸镁干燥。真空下除去溶剂得到红棕色油状物,将其溶解在少量1∶1的乙酸乙酯∶乙烷中。将该溶液通过硅胶层,用乙酸乙酯∶已烷∶甲醇∶氢氧化铵(47∶47∶5.8∶0.2)作为洗脱液。在真空下蒸发含产物能分,得所需琥珀色油状产物2.3g。
制备2
(S)-(+)-N-甲基-3-(1-萘基氧基)-3-(2-噻吩基)丙胺盐酸盐。
在40℃下在40ml甲苯和40ml水的混合物中搅拌5g实施例1的产物,并加入2.5ml30%氢氧化铵溶液。在恒温下将混合物搅拌10分钟,并分离各相。用水洗涤有机相,用硫酸镁干燥并过滤。在真空下将滤液浓缩至一半体积并加热至55℃。然后加入0.16g二异丙基乙胺,然后滴加2.39g氯代甲酸苯酯。在55℃将混合物搅拌1.25小时,加入50ml1%碳酸氢钠溶液。并混合物在40-50℃下搅拌10分钟,分离各相。有机相用0.5N盐酸洗涤两次,然后用1%碳酸氢钠溶液洗涤。将洗涤过的有机相分为两等份,其中的一等份在真空下蒸发并向残余物中加入26ml二甲基亚砜。将混合物加热至45℃,滴加1g氢氧化钠和6ml水。在50℃下将碱性混合物搅拌18小时,用17ml水稀释,并用乙酸酸化至pH5.0-5.5。然后加入20ml已烷,将混合物搅拌10分钟,进行相分离。通过加入50%氢氧化钠水溶液将水相碱化为pH10.5,并加入17ml乙酸乙酯。搅拌10分钟后进行相分离,并用另外的17ml乙酸乙酯萃取水层。用水洗涤合并的有机萃取液,并在真空下浓缩至10ml。向残余物中加入0.46g浓盐酸,然后加入晶种和另外的10ml乙酸乙酯。将混合物再搅拌30分钟,并在真空下将溶液浓缩至10ml。将残余物在室温下搅拌1小时,并在0℃下搅拌1小时得到浆状物,将其过滤。用冷却的乙酸乙酯洗涤固体得1.32g所需产物,即效力99.8%的白色固体度洛西丁。
上面实施例说明了本方法的方便和极好的结果。

Claims (8)

1、一种制备(S)-(+)-N,N-二甲基-3-(1-萘基氧基)-3-(2-噻吩基)丙胺的方法,它包括在有机溶液中将(S)-(-)-N,N-二甲基-3-(2-噻吩基)-3-羟丙胺与氢化钠、选自苯甲酸钾或醋酸钾中的一种钾盐化合物和1-氟萘反应。
2、权利要求1的方法,其中产物被作为其磷酸盐而获得。
3、权利要求1的方法,其中使(S)-(-)-N,N-二甲基-3-(2-噻吩基)-3-羟丙胺与氢化钠一起溶解在有机溶剂中,然后搅拌下加入钾盐化合物,最后再在搅拌下加入1-氟萘。
4、权利要求3的方法,其中的产物作为其磷酸盐被分离。
5、权利要求1的方法,其中所述的钾盐化合物是苯甲酸钾。
6、权利要求3的方法,其中所述的钾盐化合物是苯甲酸钾。
7、权利要求4的方法,其中所述的钾盐化合物是苯甲酸钾。
8、(S)-(+)-N,N-二甲基-3-(1-萘基氧基)-3-(2-噻吩基)丙胺磷酸盐。
CN94117015A 1993-10-12 1994-10-11 (s)-(+)-n,n-二甲基-3-(1-萘基氧基)-3-(2-噻吩基)丙胺的制备方法 Expired - Fee Related CN1067681C (zh)

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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1300137C (zh) * 2004-03-31 2007-02-14 上海医药工业研究院 (s)-(+)-n,n-二甲基-3-(1-萘氧基)-3-(2-噻吩基)丙胺的制备方法
CN1332958C (zh) * 2002-08-06 2007-08-22 住友精化株式会社 N-单烷基-3-羟基-3-(2-噻吩基)丙胺的制造方法及制造中间体
CN100364986C (zh) * 2005-07-14 2008-01-30 上海艾力斯医药科技有限公司 S-(+)-n,n-二甲基-3-(1-萘基氧基)-3-(2-噻吩基)丙胺的制备方法
CN101125848B (zh) * 2002-12-19 2012-09-12 希普拉有限公司 度洛西汀的制备方法及其中所用的中间体
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