CN109404002B - 一种隧道结构 - Google Patents

一种隧道结构 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109404002B
CN109404002B CN201711474779.0A CN201711474779A CN109404002B CN 109404002 B CN109404002 B CN 109404002B CN 201711474779 A CN201711474779 A CN 201711474779A CN 109404002 B CN109404002 B CN 109404002B
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panel
hollow
tunnel structure
tunnel
brazing
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CN109404002A (zh
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张跃
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Abstract

一种隧道结构，包括隧道本体，所述隧道本体由多块金属板拼接而成；所述金属板包括第一面板、第二面板以及设于第一面板和第二面板之间的多个空心管，空心管与第一面板、第二面板之间设有钎焊层；空心管的至少一端设有翻边。本发明的隧道结构具有自重轻、强度大、结构稳定、隔音降噪、耐高温、抗振动、使用寿命长、可搬运拼装、搭建周期短等优点。

Description

一种隧道结构
技术领域
本发明涉及隧道领域，特别是一种隧道结构。
背景技术
隧道是修建在地下或水下并铺设路面供机车动车辆通行的建筑物。隧道可分为交通隧道、水工隧道、市政隧道、矿山隧道等。现有的隧道大多是采用混凝土结构，虽然稳固，但仍存在以下缺陷：第一，施工周期长；第二，不易运输材料；第三，重量大，不易搬运，费时费力；第四，一旦损坏，不易修补；第五，隔振性能差；第五，噪音大；第六，保温效果差。
发明内容
本发明的目的是克服现有技术的上述不足而提供一种自重轻，耐高温，抗振动，保温好，隔音降噪，结构稳定，使用寿命长，可搬运拼装，搭建周期短的隧道结构。
本发明的技术方案是：一种隧道结构，包括隧道本体，所述隧道本体由多块金属板拼接而成；所述金属板包括第一面板、第二面板以及设于第一面板和第二面板之间的多个空心管，空心管与第一面板、第二面板之间设有钎焊层；空心管的至少一端设有翻边。
本发明具有以下优点：（1）隧道结构由金属板拼接而成，与现有技术相比，在同等强度下，用料最少；在同等重量下，强度最大。这是因为：第一面板和第二面板受到应力后会疏散到各个空心管上，横向和竖向受力小，不易变形，从而减少金属板的整体应力，进而增大结构的整体强度和稳定性，抗冲击力强，使用寿命长。（2）本发明可将金属板进行集中运输，并集中拼接，省时省力，工作效率高。（3）空心管的存在大大提高了轻量化，便于搬运和拼装。（4）通过钎焊，能够使整体结构受力更加均匀，整体结构更加稳固；（5）通过在空心管上设置翻边，能够增大空心管与面板之间的焊接面积，提高整体结构的强度和稳定性，能够在应力下保持结构完整性。本发明的翻边是指设于空心管上的接触面，以增大空心管与面板之间的接触面积，接触面的形状不作具体限定。（6）通过第一面板、第二面板对空心管的上下端进行钎焊密封，形成较大空间的密闭层，大大提高隔音降噪效果。（7）搭建周期短，效率高。（8）一旦有一块金属板损坏，可只对这一块金属板进行更换，其他金属板不受影响，灵活度高。
进一步，所述隧道本体的内部上方设有隔板，所述隔板由多块金属板拼接而成。隔板上可安装照明灯等。
进一步，所述隔板与隧道本体通过焊接、铆接、螺接、榫接、粘接、卡接、插接或套接中的一种或多种组合方式连接成一体。
进一步，所述多个空心管均为带翻边的空心管；或者多个空心管中包括带翻边的空心管和未设置翻边的空心管。未设置翻边的空心管的数量优选占空心管总数的1/3以下，以保证金属板整体结构的强度和稳定性。
进一步，所述翻边是沿空心管端部外翻的接触面，或者翻边沿空心管端部内翻的接触面。
另外，本发明的翻边还可以是整体形成的接触面，如翻边将空心管封闭；也可以是间隔设置的接触面，如相对称的至少两个半圆形、相对称的至少两个条形等，或者是其他异形结构，如花瓣形等；翻边也可以是沿空心管端部水平翻出并向下弯折的接触面等。上述任意的翻边结构都可以增大空心管与面板之间的焊接面积。
进一步，空心管可以是封闭式结构、中空结构或半封闭结构等。例如：封闭式结构可以是内腔为空心，端部封闭的结构，其中端部封闭也属于本申请翻边内翻的一种结构，例如前述的翻边通过内翻将空心管的端部遮挡住的封闭式结构。半封闭结构可以是空心管的内腔半封闭，也可以是空心管的管壁半封闭，例如在管壁上开一道缝隙较小的槽，或者在空心管上开设多个孔。
进一步，所述空心管的截面形状为圆形、椭圆形或N边形，N≥3。N边形可以是三角形、方形、五边形、六边形、七边形等。
空心管的结构具有以下优点：第一，能够大大提高轻量化；第二，空心管的加入保证第一面板和第二面板受到应力后能够通过空心管进行疏散，从而减少金属板的整体应力，进而增大结构的整体强度，使得上述结构具有以下特点：同等强度下，重量最轻；同等重量下，强度最大；第三，通过第一面板、第二面板对空心管的上下端进行钎焊密封，形成较大空间的密闭层，大大提高隔音效果。
空心管优选为圆形空心管，具有受力均匀、不易变形、稳定性高等优点，且制作工艺简单，成本低廉。当空心管为N变形式，优选N大于4，N的边数越多越接近于圆心空心管，不易变形。
进一步，所述第一面板和第二面板为平面板或曲面板，或者一面板为平面板，另一面板为曲面板；又或者第一面板和/或第二面板带转角。
曲面板的线型可以是弧形、波浪形等。当第一面板和第二面板均为弧形的曲面板时，两个面板的弧度可以相同，也可以不同。平面板的形状可根据需要进行设定。面板带转角是指在面板的边缘延伸出与该面板呈一角度的另一板体，该板体上也加入空心管，通过整体钎焊形成带转角的金属板。
进一步，所述第一面板和/或第二面板的材质为不锈钢、碳钢、钛或合金板。合金可以是铜合金、钛合金等。第一面板和第二面板优选采用耐高温材料制成，能够起到防火等作用。当然，上述材质仅是本发明的几种优选方案，并不限定本发明的材质。
进一步，所述空心管的材质为不锈钢、碳钢、钛或合金板。
进一步，所述钎焊层采用铜、铝、锡或合金钎料。合金钎料可以是铜合金、钛合金等。采用钎焊对环境变化的敏感度非常低，持久性长，能够使整个结构的受力更加均匀，且耐高温。
进一步，所述空心管上设有气孔。通过气孔，一方面可对空心管抽真空和充入保护气体，保证空心管的内腔处于无氧环境下，然后充入还原气体，保证空心管不被氧化，进而保证空心管的强度和质量；另一方面，通过气孔，可充入保温材料，如充入发泡原液。气孔可以是一个或多个，气孔可以是孔状结构，也可以是缝隙结构等，只要能充入气体就可以。
优选地，气孔设置于距芯体顶部的距离不大于该芯体长度的1/3处空心管的上部，有利于比空气密度小的还原气体或保护气体排出，如氢气。
进一步，所述空心管的内腔和/或空心管之间设有保温材料。这样，能够起到保温、隔音和隔振的效果。可以在每个相邻空心管之间均设置保温材料，或者在部分空心管之间设置保温材料。
所述保温材料为烧结颗粒、木屑、无机棉、发泡材料、气凝胶的一种或多种组合。烧结颗粒、木屑或无机棉可加工成块状、板状、片状或条状，发泡材料可以发泡形成块状、板状、片状或条状。当然，本发明不限于上述保温材料，还可以是其它起保温效果的材料。发泡材料可以是聚氨酯原液或酚醛树脂原液等。
进一步，所述第一面板和/或第二面板的周边至少有一边设有边框；或者第一面板和/或第二面板为带转角的面板。
设置边框能够保证整体入炉的稳固性。另外，由于边框为金属材料，便于焊接、螺接等。边框可以只连接第一面板或第二面板，即对金属板的一边进行半封闭，也可以是边框的上端连接第一面板，边框的下端连接第二面板，即对金属板的一边进行全封闭。相邻金属板之间连接时，可通过边框进行焊接、螺接等。
当面板带转角时，如面板的边缘延伸出垂直于面板的另一板体，该板体可替代前述的边框。相邻金属板之间连接时，可通过转角板体进行焊接、螺接等。
进一步，所述钎焊层所用钎料冲孔翻边，使得空心管套在钎料的翻边上定位；或者钎料冲孔翻边，且钎料沿孔的边缘向外延伸有限位凸起；或者钎料冲孔翻边，且钎料沿孔的边缘向外延伸有限位凸起，孔与孔之间通过钎料连接筋相连。
这样，就能防止空心管在钎焊过程中移位，大大提高空心管位置的准确度。限位凸起的形状可以是弧形、多边形或不规则形状等任意结构，只要能将空心管卡住即可。另外，孔与孔之间通过钎料连接筋相连，即当孔通过翻边套设在空心管上时，钎焊层在非空心管处镂空，这样，能够防止过多的钎料在加热过程中堆积而导致钎焊不均匀，大大提高钎焊质量。
进一步，所述至少两块金属板之间通过焊接、铆接、螺接、榫接、插接或套接中的一种或多种组合方式连接成一体。
其中，插接可以是在金属板上预设滑槽和滑条，通过滑条插入滑槽内，再用焊接、螺栓或铆钉等固定；套接可以是在金属板上预设筒体和杆体，通过将杆体套入筒体内，再用焊接、螺栓或铆钉等固定。
进一步，所述金属板为曲面板时，空心管的轴线与第一面板和第二面板的曲面切线相垂直。这样，能够增强空心管与面板之间的连接强度，避免出现空心管的多个位置没有焊到，或者产生缝隙或空洞等。
进一步，所述一面板为平面板，另一面板为曲面板，空心管与曲面板连接的那一端为一斜面，斜面与曲面板的接触面平行。这样，能够增强空心管与面板之间的连接强度，避免出现空心管的多个位置没有焊到，或者产生缝隙或空洞等。
进一步，多个空心管之间可以间隔排列，也可以紧密排列，或者是将二者组合排列。此外，多个空心管在两面板之间可排列成任意的形状。
本发明的隧道结构具有自重轻、强度大、结构稳定、隔音降噪、耐高温、抗振动、使用寿命长、可搬运拼装、搭建周期短等优点。
附图说明
图1是本发明实施例1的结构示意图；
图2是本发明实施例1平面金属板的结构示意图；
图3是本发明实施例1弧形金属板的结构示意图；
图4是本发明实施例1边框的结构示意图；
图5是本发明实施例4的结构示意图；
图6是本发明实施例5的结构示意图；
图7是本发明实施例6的结构示意图；
图8是图7所示实施例6的A-A向剖视图；
图9是本发明实施例10的结构示意图；
图10是本发明实施例11的结构示意图；
图11是本发明实施例12的结构示意图；
图12是本发明实施例14的结构示意图；
图13是本发明实施例15的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
以下将结合说明书附图和具体实施例对本发明做进一步详细说明。
实施例1
如图1所示：一种隧道结构，包括隧道本体1，隧道本体1由多块金属板2拼接而成；金属板的数量取决于隧道本体1的长度。本实施例中，隧道本体1的两个侧壁11所采用的金属板为平面金属板2-1，隧道本体1的顶棚12所采用的金属板为弧形金属板2-2。
隧道本体1的内部上方设有隔板3，隔板3也由多块平面金属板2-1拼接而成。隔板3与隧道本体1的内腔通过螺栓连接。
如图2和图3所示：本实施例中，金属板包括第一面板、第二面板以及设于第一面板和第二面板之间的多个空心管23，空心管23与第一面板、第二面板之间设有钎焊层；空心管23的两端设有翻边25，外翻出圆形结构。空心管的翻边25与第一面板、第二面板之间通过钎料24钎焊相接。空心管23的截面为圆形，空心管23为中空的圆柱形管。多个空心管23间隔排列。
如图2所示：上述的平面金属板2-1中，其第一面板21和第二面板22均为平面板。
如图3所示：上述的弧形金属板2-2中，其第一面板21’和第二面板22’均为曲面板，曲面板的线型为弧形，且第一面板21’和第二面板22’的弧度相同。每个空心管23的轴线与其相对应的弧形接触面的切线相垂直，这样，能够增强空心管23与面板之间的连接强度，避免出现空心管的多个位置没有焊到、或者产生缝隙或空洞等，导致钎焊不均匀，大大提高整体的强度和质量。
本实施例中，平面金属板2-1和弧形金属板2-2中，各自的钎料24均是直接铺设于两个面板与空心管23之间。其中，钎料24为铜钎料，能够耐高温。第一面板和第二面板均为不锈钢板，空心管23为不锈钢管，具有防腐性能好、强度高、耐高温的优点。
空心管23上设有气孔231，气孔231设置于距空心管顶部8mm处。气孔231具有以下作用：一方面可充入保护气体，使空心管处于无氧环境下进行钎焊；另一方面，可用于充入还原气体，如氢气，来还原不锈钢空心管的氧化层。由于氢气密度小，因此气孔靠上设置，可便于气体从气孔231中排出。
通过气孔231还可向全部空心管或者部分空心管内充入发泡材料，如聚氨酯原液，在空心管内发泡成泡沫聚氨酯；此外，空心管内还可以提前设有发泡无机颗粒，一方面便于充入聚氨酯原液时能够快速发泡，另一方面，能够提高保温效果。
在空心管23的内部充入发泡材料，不仅起到保温作用，还能够减少空心管内的对流，提高隔音效果；而且填充的发泡层可作为支撑结构，使空心管不受弯，增加空心管的支撑力；并且泡沫的使用寿命长，由于里面没有空气，不会发生裂缝和各种反应等。
如图3和图4所示：金属板与另一金属板相连接的那一端设有边框26，边框26设于第一面板和第二面板之间，且边框26与第一面板和第二面板之间焊接连接。边框26的材质为不锈钢。一金属板的边框与另一金属板的边框之间通过焊接方式连接成一整体，从而形成隧道本体1和隔板3的结构。另外，在焊接的基础之上，还可通过螺栓加固，进一步提高各金属板之间的连接强度。
本实施例中，可根据需要对金属板的外表面进一步加工，如刷漆、贴膜、包覆表皮等。
本实施例通过金属板制成的隧道结构一方面具有自重轻、强度大、结构稳定、隔音降噪、耐高温、抗振动、使用寿命长等优点；另一方面，易于搬运拼装，且拼接周期短，大大提高工作效率，且易于更换。
实施例2
与实施例1的区别在于，隧道本体的顶棚所采用的金属板也为平面金属板。
其他结构同实施例1。
实施例3
与实施例1的区别在于，隧道本体的两个侧壁与顶棚为由一整块金属板制成，隧道本体的长度由多块金属板拼接而成，金属板为曲面板，曲面板的线型为半圆形。
其他结构同实施例1。
实施例4
如图5所示：与实施例1的区别在于，隧道本体的顶棚所采用的金属板为弧形金属板，且第一面板21"为呈弧形的曲面板，第二面板22"为平面板，空心管23"一端的翻边与平面板平行，另一端的翻边为一斜面，斜面与曲面板的接触面平行，这样，当空心管与两块面板连接时，就不会产生间隙。
其他结构同实施例1。
实施例5
如图6所示：与实施例1的区别在于，钎料24’冲孔翻边，该翻边是沿钎料的孔垂直向下翻，使得空心管23套在钎料24’的翻边上定位。钎料24’在非空心管处设有镂空241’，以避免钎焊过程中产生钎料的堆积。
其他结构同实施例1。
实施例6
如图7和图8所示：与实施例1的区别在于，钎料24"呈条状，钎料24"直接由多个带壁的孔241"通过连接筋242"连接成一体而形成。钎料24"冲孔翻边，使得空心管套在钎料24"的翻边243"上定位，并且钎料沿孔241"的边缘向外延伸出两个呈条形的限位凸起244"，孔241"通过钎料的翻边243"套住空心管，通过限位凸起244"卡住空心管。
多个空心管排成多排，每一纵排对应一张钎料24"，钎料上的孔241"与每排空心管的数量相对应。
其他结构同实施例1。
实施例7
与实施例1的区别在于，第一面板和第二面板的材质为碳钢；空心管的材质为钛；钎焊层采用锡钎料。
其他结构同实施例1。
实施例8
与实施例1的区别在于，每相邻两排空心管之间均设有保温层，如呈块状的无机棉，可起到保温和隔振的作用。
其他结构同实施例1。
实施例9
与实施例1的区别在于，空心管的一端设有翻边，另一端不翻边。
第一面板和第二面板的材质为钛合金板；空心管的材质为碳钢；钎焊层采用铝合金钎料。
其他结构同实施例1。
实施例10
如图9所示：与实施例1的区别在于，部分空心管23的管壁上开一道缝隙232，但对空心管的强度和应力影响不大。缝隙232能够便于充入和排出保护气体，使空心管不会产生氧化，并且还便于充入保温材料。
其他结构同实施例1。
实施例11
如图10所示：与实施例1的区别在于，空心管23的上下两端均设有翻边25’，翻边25’包括两个对称设置在空心管上的外翻的半圆形结构，空心管的翻边25’与第一面板、第二面板通过钎料钎焊连接。
其他结构同实施例1。
实施例12
如图11所示：与实施例1的区别在于，空心管23的上下两端均设有翻边25"，翻边25"包括两个对称设置在空心管上的内翻的半圆形结构，空心管的翻边25"与第一面板、第二面板通过钎料钎焊连接。
其他结构同实施例1。
实施例13
与实施例1区别在于，金属板与另一金属板相连接的那一端未设置边框，而是将第一面板的两端设计成向下弯折的结构，将第二面板的两端设计成向上弯折的结构。相邻金属板之间通过弯折结构经焊接方式连接成一整体，并通过螺栓加固。
其他结构同实施例1。
实施例14
如图12所示：与实施例1的区别在于，隔板中的空心管23"’的截面形状为正方形，空心管23"’的上下两端均设有翻边25"’，翻边25"’包括两个对称设置在空心管23"’上的折角结构，空心管23"’的翻边25"’与第一面板、第二面板钎焊相接。且每排空心管之间可通过翻边的侧面连接形成一个整体，这样，空心管在钎焊过程中就不易产生移位或翻倒的现象，大大提高钎焊质量。
其他结构同实施例1。
实施例15
如图13所示：与实施例1区别在于，平面金属板中，每六个空心管23为一组，每组的空心管之间紧密排列，相邻组之间设有间隙4。间隙4可有利于气流的流通，提高空心管的钎焊质量。
其他结构同实施例1。
显然，本领域的技术人员可以对本发明进行各种改动和变型而不脱离本发明的精神和范围。这样，倘若本发明的这些修改和变型属于本发明权利要求及其同等技术的范围之内，则本发明也包含这些改动和变型在内。

Claims (14)

1.一种隧道结构，包括隧道本体，其特征在于，所述隧道本体由多块金属板拼接而成；所述金属板包括第一面板、第二面板以及设于第一面板和第二面板之间的多个空心管，空心管与第一面板、第二面板之间设有钎焊层；空心管的至少一端设有翻边；多个空心管间隔排列；所述钎焊层冲孔翻边，形成多个间隔排列的带壁的孔，使得管体套在钎焊层的翻边上定位，连成一体。
2.根据权利要求1所述的隧道结构，其特征在于，所述隧道本体的内部上方设有隔板，所述隔板由多块金属板拼接而成。
3.根据权利要求2所述的隧道结构，其特征在于，所述隔板与隧道本体通过焊接、铆接、螺接、榫接、粘接、卡接、插接或套接中的一种或多种组合方式连接成一体。
4.根据权利要求1 ~ 3任一项所述的隧道结构，其特征在于，所述多个空心管均为带翻边的空心管；或者多个空心管中包括带翻边的空心管和未设置翻边的空心管。
5.根据权利要求1 ~ 3任一项所述的隧道结构，其特征在于，所述翻边是沿空心管端部外翻的接触面，或者翻边沿空心管端部内翻的接触面。
6.根据权利要求1 ~ 3任一项所述的隧道结构，其特征在于，所述第一面板和第二面板为平面板或曲面板，或者一面板为平面板，另一面板为曲面板；又或者第一面板和/或第二面板带转角。
7.根据权利要求1 ~ 3任一项所述的隧道结构，其特征在于，所述第一面板和/或第二面板的材质为不锈钢、碳钢、钛或合金板；或者所述空心管的材质为不锈钢、碳钢、钛或合金板；或者所述钎焊层采用铜、铝、锡或合金钎料。
8.根据权利要求1 ~ 3任一项所述的隧道结构，其特征在于，所述空心管上设有气孔。
9.根据权利要求1 ~ 3任一项所述的隧道结构，其特征在于，所述空心管的内腔和/或空心管之间设有保温材料。
10.根据权利要求1 ~ 3任一项所述的隧道结构，其特征在于，所述第一面板和/或第二面板的周边至少有一边设有边框；或者第一面板和/或第二面板为带转角的面板。
11.根据权利要求1 ~ 3任一项所述的隧道结构，其特征在于，钎料冲孔翻边，且钎料沿孔的边缘向外延伸有限位凸起。
12.根据权利要求1 ~ 3任一项所述的隧道结构，其特征在于，钎料冲孔翻边，且钎料沿孔的边缘向外延伸有限位凸起，孔与孔之间通过钎料连接筋相连。
13.根据权利要求1 ~ 3任一项所述的隧道结构，其特征在于，至少两块所述金属板之间通过焊接、铆接、螺接、榫接、插接或套接中的一种或多种组合方式连接成一体。
14.根据权利要求7所述的隧道结构，其特征在于，所述金属板为曲面板时，空心管的轴线与第一面板和第二面板的曲面切线相垂直。
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